S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
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                                  7856

                            I N  S E N A T E

                            October 12, 2012
                               ___________

Introduced  by Sen. SQUADRON -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
  printed to be committed to the Committee on Rules

AN ACT to amend the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  in  relation  to  civil
  liability  of  vehicle  owners  for maximum speed limit violations and
  providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration thereof

  THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

  Section  1.  The  vehicle  and  traffic law is amended by adding a new
section 1180-b to read as follows:
  S 1180-B. OWNER LIABILITY FOR FAILURE OF OPERATOR TO COMPLY WITH MAXI-
MUM SPEED LIMITS. (A) NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF  LAW,  EACH
CITY  WITH  A POPULATION OF ONE MILLION OR MORE IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED AND
EMPOWERED TO ADOPT AND AMEND A LOCAL LAW  OR  ORDINANCE  ESTABLISHING  A
DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  IMPOSING  MONETARY  LIABILITY  ON THE OWNER OF A
VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH MAXIMUM  SPEED
LIMITS  IN  SUCH CITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION.
SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER THE CITY OF NEW YORK TO INSTALL
AND OPERATE A PHOTO RADAR DEVICE ON MCGUINNESS BOULEVARD IN THE  BOROUGH
OF BROOKLYN WITHIN SUCH CITY.
  (B) IN ANY CITY WHICH HAS ADOPTED A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE PURSUANT TO
SUBDIVISION  (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE
FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS  USED
OR  OPERATED  WITH  THE  PERMISSION OF THE OWNER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN
VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS
ARTICLE,  AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A
PHOTO RADAR SYSTEM; PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE
LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR
OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
VISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
  (C) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS  SECTION,  "OWNER"  SHALL  HAVE  THE  MEANING
PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS CHAPTER. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION,
"PHOTO  RADAR  SYSTEM"  SHALL  MEAN  A SPEED CAMERA INSTALLED TO WORK IN
CONJUNCTION WITH DOPPLER RADAR AND A COMPUTER  MONITORING  SYSTEM  WHICH
AUTOMATICALLY  PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICROPHOTO-

 EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                      [ ] is old law to be omitted.
              

                                                           LBD15989-03-2

S. 7856                             2

GRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE TIME
IT IS USED OR OPERATED IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
  (D)  A  CERTIFICATE,  SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A TECHNICIAN EMPLOYED BY
THE CITY IN WHICH THE CHARGED VIOLATION OCCURRED, OR A FACSIMILE  THERE-
OF, BASED UPON INSPECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR
OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES PRODUCED BY A PHOTO RADAR SYSTEM, SHALL BE PRIMA
FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICRO-
PHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES  EVIDENCING  SUCH A
VIOLATION SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION IN ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDI-
CATE THE LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSUANT TO A LOCAL LAW  OR  ORDI-
NANCE ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
  (E)  AN  OWNER  LIABLE  FOR  A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO A LOCAL LAW  OR  ORDI-
NANCE  ADOPTED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION SHALL BE LIABLE FOR MONETARY
PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND PENALTIES TO BE SET
FORTH IN SUCH LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE, EXCEPT THAT IN A  CITY  WHICH,  BY
LOCAL  LAW, HAS AUTHORIZED THE ADJUDICATION OF SUCH OWNER LIABILITY BY A
PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU, SUCH SCHEDULE SHALL BE  PROMULGATED  BY  SUCH
BUREAU.    THE LIABILITY OF THE OWNER PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT
EXCEED ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION; PROVIDED,  HOWEVER,  THAT
SUCH LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE MAY PROVIDE FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT IN
EXCESS  OF  TWENTY-FIVE  DOLLARS  FOR  EACH VIOLATION FOR THE FAILURE TO
RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
  (F) AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE  ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR
AND  SHALL  NOT  BE MADE PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE PERSON UPON
WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED  NOR  SHALL  IT  BE  USED  FOR  INSURANCE
PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
  (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
(D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
SECTION.  PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED. A MANUAL
OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDINARY COURSE OF  BUSI-
NESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN.
  2.  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
(D)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION, THE  REGISTRATION  NUMBER  OF  THE  VEHICLE  INVOLVED  IN  SUCH
VIOLATION,  THE  LOCATION  WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK PLACE, THE DATE AND
TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION AND THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE CAMERA WHICH
RECORDED THE VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR NUMBER.
  3. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY  SHALL  CONTAIN  INFORMATION  ADVISING  THE
PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST
THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO
CONTAIN  A WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSONS CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO CONTEST
IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF  LIABIL-
ITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
  4.  THE  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE CITY
HAVING JURISDICTION OVER THE INTERSECTION WHERE THE VIOLATION  OCCURRED,
OR  BY  ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY THE CITY TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH
NOTIFICATION OF VIOLATION.
  (H) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS  SECTION
SHALL  BE BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION
THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY OF THE GENERAL MUNICIPAL LAW OR, IF THERE BE NONE,
BY THE COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OVER TRAFFIC INFRACTIONS,  EXCEPT  THAT

S. 7856                             3

ANY  CITY  WHICH  HAS ESTABLISHED AN ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL TO HEAR AND
DETERMINE COMPLAINTS OF TRAFFIC INFRACTIONS CONSTITUTING PARKING, STAND-
ING OR STOPPING VIOLATIONS MAY, BY LOCAL  LAW,  AUTHORIZE  SUCH  ADJUDI-
CATION BY SUCH TRIBUNAL.
  (I)  IF  AN  OWNER  RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE WAS REPORTED TO THE
POLICE DEPARTMENT AS HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE  TO
AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT THE
VEHICLE HAD BEEN REPORTED TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME  THE
VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD NOT BEEN RECOVERED BY SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES
OF ASSERTING THE DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION IT SHALL BE SUFFI-
CIENT  THAT  A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN VEHICLE
BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO  THE  TRAFFIC  VIOLATIONS  BUREAU,  COURT
HAVING JURISDICTION OR PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
  (J)  1.  IN  A  CITY  WHERE THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON
OWNERS PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IS BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU  OR  A
COURT  HAVING  JURISDICTION,  AN  OWNER  WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO
WHICH A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO  SUBDIVISION  (G)  OF
THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF
SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, PROVIDED THAT HE OR SHE
SENDS TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR COURT  HAVING  JURISDICTION  A
COPY  OF THE RENTAL, LEASE OR OTHER SUCH CONTRACT DOCUMENT COVERING SUCH
VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF THE VIOLATION, WITH THE NAME AND ADDRESS  OF  THE
LESSEE  CLEARLY LEGIBLE, WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE
FROM THE BUREAU OR COURT OF THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETH-
ER WITH THE OTHER  INFORMATION  CONTAINED  IN  THE  ORIGINAL  NOTICE  OF
LIABILITY. FAILURE TO SEND SUCH INFORMATION WITHIN SUCH THIRTY-SEVEN DAY
TIME  PERIOD SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED BY
THIS SECTION. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF  THIS
PARAGRAPH,  THE  LESSEE  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION
SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE  FOR  PURPOSES  OF  THIS
SECTION,  SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
(D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
SECTION  AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION
(G) OF THIS SECTION.
  2. (I) IN A CITY WHICH, BY LOCAL LAW, HAS AUTHORIZED THE  ADJUDICATION
OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS SECTION BY A PARKING VIOLATIONS
BUREAU,  AN  OWNER  WHO  IS  A  LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF
LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS  SECTION  SHALL
NOT  BE  LIABLE  FOR  THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, PROVIDED THAT:
  (A) PRIOR TO THE VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH  THE  BUREAU  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF SECTION TWO HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF
THIS CHAPTER; AND
  (B) WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OF
THE DATE AND TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH  THE  OTHER  INFORMATION
CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS TO THE
BUREAU THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHICLE IDENTI-
FIED  IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER
WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL, LEASE OR
OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY  REQUIRED  BY  THE  BUREAU
PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS THAT MAY BE PROMULGATED FOR SUCH PURPOSE.
  (II)  FAILURE  TO  COMPLY  WITH CLAUSE (B) OF SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS
PARAGRAPH SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE  PENALTY  PRESCRIBED  IN
THIS SECTION.

S. 7856                             4

  (III) WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH,
THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED
TO  BE  THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE
SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION  AND
SHALL  BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS
SECTION.
  (K) IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WAS NOT
THE OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME OF THE VIOLATION, THE OWNER  MAY
MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST THE OPERATOR.
  (L)  NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY
OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (D)  OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
  (M)  THE  PHOTO  RADAR  DEVICES INSTALLED AND OPERATED PURSUANT TO THE
DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM,  ESTABLISHED  UNDER  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF   THIS
SECTION,  SHALL  BE  USED  SOLELY  FOR  THE  PURPOSES  OF  CARRYING  OUT
PHOTO-MONITORING FOR SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.
  (N) ANY CITY WHICH ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVI-
SION (A) OF THIS SECTION SHALL SUBMIT A REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF THE USE
OF A PHOTO RADAR SYSTEM TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF  THE
SENATE  AND  THE  SPEAKER  OF  THE ASSEMBLY BY MARCH FIRST, TWO THOUSAND
THIRTEEN.  SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE, BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO:
  1. A DESCRIPTION OF THE LOCATIONS WHERE PHOTO RADAR SYSTEMS WERE USED;
  2. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED AT EACH SUCH LOCATION AND IN  THE
AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
  3. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED;
  4.  THE  NUMBER  OF  FINES  AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER FIRST
NOTICE OF LIABILITY;
  5. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND RESULTS  OF  SUCH  ADJUDI-
CATIONS INCLUDING BREAKDOWNS OF DISPOSITIONS MADE;
  6. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY SUCH CITY; AND
  7. QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS.
  S  2.  This  act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall
have become a law and shall remain in full force and  effect  for  three
years  after  such  effective date when upon such date the provisions of
this act shall be deemed repealed; provided,  however,  any  such  local
laws  as  may be enacted pursuant to this act shall remain in full force
and effect only until the expiration of three years from such  effective
date.