S. 2947--A 2
the patient. Where more than one physician AND/OR NURSE PRACTITIONER
shares such responsibility, any such physician OR NURSE PRACTITIONER may
act as the attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER pursuant
to this article.
2-A. "ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER" MEANS THE NURSE PRACTITIONER
SELECTED BY OR ASSIGNED TO A PATIENT IN A HOSPITAL OR, FOR THE PURPOSE
OF PROVISIONS HEREIN GOVERNING NONHOSPITAL ORDERS NOT TO RESUSCITATE, A
PATIENT NOT IN A HOSPITAL, WHO HAS PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE TREAT-
MENT AND CARE OF THE PATIENT. WHERE MORE THAN ONE PHYSICIAN AND/OR NURSE
PRACTITIONER SHARES SUCH RESPONSIBILITY, ANY SUCH PHYSICIAN OR NURSE
PRACTITIONER MAY ACT AS THE ATTENDING PHYSICIAN OR ATTENDING NURSE PRAC-
TITIONER PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE.
5. "Close friend" means any person, eighteen years of age or older,
who presents an affidavit to an attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE
PRACTITIONER stating that he OR SHE is a close friend of the patient and
that he OR SHE has maintained such regular contact with the patient as
to be familiar with the patient's activities, health, and religious or
moral beliefs and stating the facts and circumstances that demonstrate
such familiarity.
16-A. "NURSE PRACTITIONER" MEANS A NURSE PRACTITIONER CERTIFIED PURSU-
ANT TO SECTION SIXTY-NINE HUNDRED TEN OF THE EDUCATION LAW, AND WHO IS
PRACTICING PURSUANT TO A WRITTEN PRACTICE AGREEMENT AND WRITTEN PRACTICE
PROTOCOLS ENTERED INTO WITH HIS OR HER COLLABORATING PHYSICIAN, IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SUBDIVISION THREE OF SECTION SIXTY-NINE HUNDRED TWO OF
THE EDUCATION LAW.
20. "Reasonably available" means that a person to be contacted can be
contacted with diligent efforts by an attending physician, ATTENDING
NURSE PRACTITIONER or another person acting on behalf of the attending
physician, THE ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER or the hospital.
S 3. Subdivisions 2 and 3 of section 2962 of the public health law, as
added by chapter 818 of the laws of 1987, are amended to read as
follows:
2. It shall be lawful for the attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE
PRACTITIONER to issue an order not to resuscitate a patient, provided
that the order has been issued pursuant to the requirements of this
article. The order shall be included in writing in the patient's chart.
An order not to resuscitate shall be effective upon issuance.
3. Before obtaining, pursuant to this article, the consent of the
patient, or of the surrogate of the patient, or parent or legal guardian
of the minor patient, to an order not to resuscitate, the attending
physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER shall provide to the person
giving consent information about the patient's diagnosis and prognosis,
the reasonably foreseeable risks and benefits of cardiopulmonary resus-
citation for the patient, and the consequences of an order not to resus-
citate.
S 4. Paragraphs (a) and (d) of subdivision 2 of section 2964 of the
public health law, as added by chapter 818 of the laws of 1987, are
amended to read as follows:
(a) During hospitalization, an adult with capacity may express a deci-
sion consenting to an order not to resuscitate orally in the presence of
at least two witnesses eighteen years of age or older, one of whom is a
physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER affiliated with the hospital
in which the patient is being treated. Any such decision shall be
recorded in the patient's medical chart.
(d) Prior to issuing an order not to resuscitate a patient who has
expressed a decision consenting to an order not to resuscitate under
S. 2947--A 3
specified medical conditions, the attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE
PRACTITIONER must make a determination, to a reasonable degree of
medical certainty, that such conditions exist, and include the determi-
nation in the patient's medical chart.
S 5. The opening paragraph of paragraph (c) of subdivision 2 of
section 2964 of the public health law, as added by chapter 818 of the
laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows:
An attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER who is provided
with or informed of a decision pursuant to this subdivision shall record
or include the decision in the patient's medical chart if the decision
has not been recorded or included, and either:
S 6. The opening paragraph of paragraph (a) and paragraph (b) of
subdivision 3 of section 2964 of the public health law, as added by
chapter 818 of the laws of 1987, are amended to read as follows:
In the event that the attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTI-
TIONER determines, in writing, that, to a reasonable degree of medical
certainty, an adult patient who has capacity would suffer immediate and
severe injury from a discussion of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the
attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER may issue an order
not to resuscitate without obtaining the patient's consent, but only
after:
(b) Where the provisions of this subdivision have been invoked, the
attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER shall reassess the
patient's risk of injury from a discussion of cardiopulmonary resusci-
tation on a regular basis and shall consult the patient regarding resus-
citation as soon as the medical basis for not consulting the patient no
longer exists.
S 7. The opening paragraph of paragraph (c) of subdivision 3 of
section 2965 of the public health law, as added by chapter 818 of the
laws of 1987, such subdivision as renumbered by chapter 370 of the laws
of 1991, is amended to read as follows:
A surrogate may consent to an order not to resuscitate on behalf of an
adult patient only if there has been a determination by an attending
physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER with the concurrence of anoth-
er physician selected by a person authorized by the hospital to make
such selection, given after personal examination of the patient that, to
a reasonable degree of medical certainty:
S 8. Paragraphs (a) and (b) of subdivision 4 of section 2965 of the
public health law, paragraph (a) as amended by chapter 370 of the laws
of 1991 and paragraph (b) as added by chapter 818 of the laws of 1987,
such subdivision as renumbered by chapter 370 of the laws of 1991, are
amended to read as follows:
(a) A surrogate shall express a decision consenting to an order not to
resuscitate either (i) in writing, dated, and signed in the presence of
one witness eighteen years of age or older who shall sign the decision,
or (ii) orally, to two persons eighteen years of age or older, one of
whom is a physician OR NURSE PRACTITIONER affiliated with the hospital
in which the patient is being treated. Any such decision shall be
recorded in the patient's medical chart.
(b) The attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER who is
provided with the decision of a surrogate shall include the decision in
the patient's medical chart and, if the surrogate has consented to the
issuance of an order not to resuscitate, shall either:
(i) promptly issue an order not to resuscitate the patient and inform
the hospital staff responsible for the patient's care of the order; or
S. 2947--A 4
(ii) promptly make the attending physician's OR ATTENDING NURSE PRAC-
TITIONER'S objection to the issuance of such an order known to the
surrogate and either make all reasonable efforts to arrange for the
transfer of the patient to another physician, if necessary, or promptly
refer the matter to the dispute mediation system.
S 9. Subdivision 1 of section 2966 of the public health law, as added
by chapter 818 of the laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows:
1. If no surrogate is reasonably available, willing to make a decision
regarding issuance of an order not to resuscitate, and competent to make
a decision regarding issuance of an order not to resuscitate on behalf
of an adult patient who lacks capacity and who had not previously
expressed a decision regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation, an attend-
ing physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER (a) may issue an order not
to resuscitate the patient, provided that the attending physician OR
ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER determines, in writing, that, to a reason-
able degree of medical certainty, resuscitation would be medically
futile, and another physician selected by a person authorized by the
hospital to make such selection, after personal examination of the
patient, reviews and concurs in writing with such determination, or, (b)
shall issue an order not to resuscitate the patient, provided that,
pursuant to subdivision one of section twenty-nine hundred seventy-six
of this article, a court has granted a judgment directing the issuance
of such an order.
S 10. Subdivisions 1, 3 and 4 of section 2967 of the public health
law, subdivisions 1 and 4 as added by chapter 818 of the laws of 1987,
and subdivision 3 and paragraphs (a) and (b) of subdivision 4 as amended
by chapter 370 of the laws of 1991, are amended to read as follows:
1. An attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER, in consul-
tation with a minor's parent or legal guardian, shall determine whether
a minor has the capacity to make a decision regarding resuscitation.
3. A parent or legal guardian may consent to an order not to resusci-
tate on behalf of a minor only if there has been a written determination
by the attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER, with the
written concurrence of another physician selected by a person authorized
by the hospital to make such selections given after personal examination
of the patient, that, to a reasonable degree of medical certainty, the
minor suffers from one of the medical conditions set forth in paragraph
(c) of subdivision three of section twenty-nine hundred sixty-five of
this article. Each determination shall be included in the patient's
medical chart.
4. (a) A parent or legal guardian of a minor, in making a decision
regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation, shall consider the minor
patient's wishes, including a consideration of the minor patient's reli-
gious and moral beliefs, and shall express a decision consenting to
issuance of an order not to resuscitate either (i) in writing, dated and
signed in the presence of one witness eighteen years of age or older who
shall sign the decision, or (ii) orally, to two persons eighteen years
of age or older, one of whom is a physician OR NURSE PRACTITIONER affil-
iated with the hospital in which the patient is being treated. Any such
decision shall be recorded in the patient's medical chart.
(b) The attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER who is
provided with the decision of a minor's parent or legal guardian,
expressed pursuant to this subdivision, and of the minor if the minor
has capacity, shall include such decision or decisions in the minor's
medical chart and shall comply with the provisions of paragraph (b) of
S. 2947--A 5
subdivision four of section twenty-nine hundred sixty-five of this arti-
cle.
(c) If the attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER has
actual notice of the opposition of a parent or non-custodial parent to
consent by another parent to an order not to resuscitate a minor, the
physician OR NURSE PRACTITIONER shall submit the matter to the dispute
mediation system and such order shall not be issued or shall be revoked
in accordance with the provisions of subdivision three of section twen-
ty-nine hundred seventy-two of this article.
S 11. Paragraph (b) of subdivision 2 of section 2967 of the public
health law, as amended by chapter 370 of the laws of 1991, is amended to
read as follows:
(b) Where the attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER has
reason to believe that there is another parent or a non-custodial parent
who has not been informed of a decision to issue an order not to resus-
citate the minor, the attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITION-
ER, or someone acting on behalf of the attending physician OR ATTENDING
NURSE PRACTITIONER, shall make reasonable efforts to determine if the
uninformed parent or non-custodial parent has maintained substantial and
continuous contact with the minor and, if so, shall make diligent
efforts to notify that parent or non-custodial parent of the decision
prior to issuing the order.
S 12. Subdivisions 2 and 3 of section 2969 of the public health law,
subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 370 of the laws of 1991 and subdivi-
sion 3 as added by chapter 818 of the laws of 1987, are amended to read
as follows:
2. Any surrogate, parent, or legal guardian may at any time revoke his
or her consent to an order not to resuscitate a patient by (a) notifying
a physician or member of the nursing staff of the revocation of consent
in writing, dated and signed, or (b) orally notifying the attending
physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER in the presence of a witness
eighteen years of age or older.
3. Any physician OR NURSE PRACTITIONER who is informed of or provided
with a revocation of consent pursuant to this section shall immediately
include the revocation in the patient's chart, cancel the order, and
notify the hospital staff responsible for the patient's care of the
revocation and cancellation. Any member of the nursing staff, OTHER THAN
A NURSE PRACTITIONER, who is informed of or provided with a revocation
of consent pursuant to this section shall immediately notify a physician
OR NURSE PRACTITIONER of such revocation.
S 13. Section 2970 of the public health law, as added by chapter 818
of the laws of 1987, subdivision 1 and paragraph (b) of subdivision 2 as
amended by chapter 370 of the laws of 1991, is amended to read as
follows:
S 2970. Physician AND NURSE PRACTITIONER review of the order not to
resuscitate. 1. For each patient for whom an order not to resuscitate
has been issued, the attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER
shall review the patient's chart to determine if the order is still
appropriate in light of the patient's condition and shall indicate on
the patient's chart that the order has been reviewed:
(a) for a patient, excluding outpatients described in paragraph (b) of
this subdivision and alternate level of care patients, in a hospital,
other than a residential health care facility, at least every seven
days;
(b) for an outpatient whose order not to resuscitate is effective
while the patient receives care in a hospital, each time the attending
S. 2947--A 6
physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER examines the patient, whether
in the hospital or elsewhere, provided that the review need not occur
more than once every seven days; and
(c) for a patient in a residential health care facility or an alter-
nate level of care patient in a hospital, each time the patient is
required to be seen by a physician OR NURSE PRACTITIONER but at least
every sixty days.
Failure to comply with this subdivision shall not render an order not
to resuscitate ineffective.
2. (a) If the attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER
determines at any time that an order not to resuscitate is no longer
appropriate because the patient's medical condition has improved, the
physician OR NURSE PRACTITIONER shall immediately notify the person who
consented to the order. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this
subdivision, if such person declines to revoke consent to the order, the
physician OR NURSE PRACTITIONER shall promptly (i) make reasonable
efforts to arrange for the transfer of the patient to another physician
or (ii) submit the matter to the dispute mediation system.
(b) If the order not to resuscitate was entered upon the consent of a
surrogate, parent, or legal guardian and the attending physician OR
ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER who issued the order, or, if unavailable,
another attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER at any time
determines that the patient does not suffer from one of the medical
conditions set forth in paragraph (c) of subdivision three of section
twenty-nine hundred sixty-five of this article, the attending physician
OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER shall immediately include such determi-
nation in the patient's chart, cancel the order, and notify the person
who consented to the order and all hospital staff responsible for the
patient's care of the cancellation.
(c) If an order not to resuscitate was entered upon the consent of a
surrogate and the patient at any time gains or regains capacity, the
attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER who issued the
order, or, if unavailable, another attending physician OR ATTENDING
NURSE PRACTITIONER shall immediately cancel the order and notify the
person who consented to the order and all hospital staff directly
responsible for the patient's care of the cancellation.
S 14. The opening paragraph and subdivision 2 of section 2971 of the
public health law, as amended by chapter 370 of the laws of 1991, are
amended to read as follows:
If a patient for whom an order not to resuscitate has been issued is
transferred from a hospital to a different hospital the order shall
remain effective, unless revoked pursuant to this article, until the
attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER first examines the
transferred patient, whereupon the attending physician OR ATTENDING
NURSE PRACTITIONER must either:
2. Cancel the order not to resuscitate, provided the attending physi-
cian OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER immediately notifies the person who
consented to the order and the hospital staff directly responsible for
the patient's care of the cancellation. Such cancellation does not
preclude the entry of a new order pursuant to this article.
S 15. Subdivisions 2 and 4 of section 2972 of the public health law,
subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 370 of the laws of 1991 and subdivi-
sion 4 as added by chapter 818 of the laws of 1987, are amended to read
as follows:
2. The dispute mediation system shall be authorized to mediate any
dispute, including disputes regarding the determination of the patient's
S. 2947--A 7
capacity, arising under this article between the patient and an attend-
ing physician, ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER or the hospital that is
caring for the patient and, if the patient is a minor, the patient's
parent, or among an attending physician, AN ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITION-
ER, a parent, non-custodial parent, or legal guardian of a minor
patient, any person on the surrogate list, the hospital that is caring
for the patient and, where the dispute involves a patient who is in or
is transferred from a mental hygiene facility, the facility director.
4. If a dispute between a patient who expressed a decision rejecting
cardiopulmonary resuscitation and an attending physician, ATTENDING
NURSE PRACTITIONER or the hospital that is caring for the patient is
submitted to the dispute mediation system, and either:
(a) the dispute mediation system has concluded its efforts to resolve
the dispute, or
(b) seventy-two hours have elapsed from the time of submission without
resolution of the dispute, whichever shall occur first, the attending
physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER shall either: (i) promptly
issue an order not to resuscitate the patient or issue the order at such
time as the conditions, if any, specified in the decision are met, and
inform the hospital staff responsible for the patient's care of the
order; or (ii) promptly arrange for the transfer of the patient to
another physician or hospital.
S 16. Subdivision 1 of section 2973 of the public health law, as
amended by chapter 577 of the laws of 1993, is amended to read as
follows:
1. The patient, an attending physician, AN ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITION-
ER, a parent, non-custodial parent, or legal guardian of a minor
patient, any person on the surrogate list, the hospital that is caring
for the patient and, in disputes involving a patient who is in or is
transferred from a mental hygiene or correctional facility, the facility
director, may commence a special proceeding pursuant to article four of
the civil practice law and rules, in a court of competent jurisdiction,
with respect to any dispute arising under this article, except that the
decision of a patient not to consent to issuance of an order not to
resuscitate may not be subjected to judicial review. In any proceeding
brought pursuant to this subdivision challenging a decision regarding
issuance of an order not to resuscitate on the ground that the decision
is contrary to the patient's wishes or best interests, the person or
entity challenging the decision must show, by clear and convincing
evidence, that the decision is contrary to the patient's wishes includ-
ing consideration of the patient's religious and moral beliefs, or, in
the absence of evidence of the patient's wishes, that the decision is
contrary to the patient's best interests. In any other proceeding
brought pursuant to this subdivision, the court shall make its determi-
nation based upon the applicable substantive standards and procedures
set forth in this article.
S 17. Subdivision 1 of section 2976 of the public health law, as added
by chapter 818 of the laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows:
1. If no surrogate is reasonably available, willing to make a decision
regarding issuance of an order not to resuscitate, and competent to make
a decision regarding issuance of an order not to resuscitate on behalf
of an adult patient who lacks capacity and who had not previously
expressed a decision regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation pursuant to
this article, an attending physician, ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER or
hospital may commence a special proceeding pursuant to article four of
the civil practice law and rules, in a court of competent jurisdiction,
S. 2947--A 8
for a judgment directing the physician OR NURSE PRACTITIONER to issue an
order not to resuscitate where the patient has a terminal condition, is
permanently unconscious, or resuscitation would impose an extraordinary
burden on the patient in light of the patient's medical condition and
the expected outcome of resuscitation for the patient, and issuance of
an order not to resuscitate is consistent with the patient's wishes
including a consideration of the patient's religious and moral beliefs
or, in the absence of evidence of the patient's wishes, the patient's
best interests.
S 18. Subdivisions 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9 of section 2977 of the public
health law, subdivision 4 as amended by chapter 577 of the laws of 1993
and subdivisions 5, 7, 8 and 9 as added by chapter 370 of the laws of
1991, are amended to read as follows:
4. (a) Consent to a nonhospital order not to resuscitate shall be
governed by sections twenty-nine hundred sixty-four through twenty-nine
hundred sixty-seven of this article, provided, however, that an adult
with capacity, whether or not hospitalized or a health care agent, may
also consent to a nonhospital order not to resuscitate orally to the
attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER.
(b) When the concurrence of a second physician is sought to fulfill
the requirements for the issuance of an order not to resuscitate for
patients in a correctional facility, such second physician shall be
selected by the chief medical officer of the department of corrections
or his or her designee.
This paragraph shall not apply to the issuance of an order not to
resuscitate pursuant to section [two thousand nine] TWENTY-NINE hundred
sixty-six of this article.
(C) WHEN THE CONCURRENCE OF A SECOND PHYSICIAN IS SOUGHT TO FULFILL
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ISSUANCE OF AN ORDER NOT TO RESUSCITATE FOR
HOSPICE AND HOME CARE PATIENTS, SUCH SECOND PHYSICIAN SHALL BE SELECTED
BY THE HOSPICE MEDICAL DIRECTOR OR HOSPICE NURSE COORDINATOR DESIGNATED
BY THE MEDICAL DIRECTOR OR BY THE HOME CARE SERVICES AGENCY DIRECTOR OF
PATIENT CARE SERVICES, AS APPROPRIATE TO THE PATIENT.
5. The attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER shall
record the issuance of a nonhospital order not to resuscitate in the
patient's medical chart.
7. An attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER who has
issued a nonhospital order not to resuscitate, and who transfers care of
the patient to another physician, shall inform the physician of the
order.
8. For each patient for whom a nonhospital order not to resuscitate
has been issued, the attending physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER
shall review whether the order is still appropriate in light of the
patient's condition each time he or she examines the patient, whether in
the hospital or elsewhere, but at least every ninety days, provided that
the review need not occur more than once every seven days. The attend-
ing physician OR ATTENDING NURSE PRACTITIONER shall record the review in
the patient's medical chart record provided, however, that a registered
nurse who provides direct care to the patient may record the review in
the chart record at the direction of the physician. In such case, the
attending physician shall include a confirmation of the review in the
patient's medical chart within fourteen days of such review. Failure to
comply with this subdivision shall not render a nonhospital order not to
resuscitate ineffective.
9. A person who has consented to a nonhospital order not to resusci-
tate may at any time revoke his or her consent to the order by any act
S. 2947--A 9
evidencing a specific intent to revoke such consent. Any health care
professional informed of a revocation of consent to a nonhospital order
not to resuscitate shall notify the attending physician OR ATTENDING
NURSE PRACTITIONER of the revocation. An attending physician OR ATTEND-
ING NURSE PRACTITIONER who is informed that a nonhospital order not to
resuscitate has been revoked shall record the revocation in the
patient's medical chart, cancel the order and make diligent efforts to
retrieve the form issuing the order, and the standard bracelet, if any.
S 19. Subdivision 4 of section 2977 of the public health law, as
amended by chapter 308 of the laws of 1993, is REPEALED.
S 20. This act shall take effect on the one hundred eightieth day
after it shall have become a law, provided that effective immediately
any rules and regulations necessary to implement the provisions of this
act are authorized and directed to be amended, repealed and/or promul-
gated on or before such date.