NY State Senate Bill 2017-S4831A

Senate Bill S4831A

Signed By Governor

2017-2018 Legislative Session

Provides aid for blind or deaf students in relation to the purchase and use of supports for the education of students who are blind, deaf, deaf-blind or hard of hearing

download bill text pdf

Archive: Last Bill Status Via A6515 - Signed by Governor

Introduced
- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
- Passed Assembly
- Passed Senate
Delivered to Governor
Signed By Governor

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Actions

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	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
Oct 23, 2017	signed chap.350
Oct 11, 2017	delivered to governor
Jun 21, 2017	returned to assembly passed senate 3rd reading cal.2122 substituted for s4831a
Jun 21, 2017	substituted by a6515a ordered to third reading cal.2122 committee discharged and committed to rules
Jun 16, 2017	print number 4831a
Jun 16, 2017	amend (t) and recommit to education
Mar 02, 2017	referred to education

Votes

- Jun 21, 2017 - Floor Vote
  A6515
  
  62
  
  Aye
  
  0
  
  Nay
  
  1
  
  Absent
  
  0
  
  Excused
  
  0
  
  Abstained
  - - Floor Vote: Jun 21, 2017
      
      aye (62)
      
      Addabbo Jr.
      
      Akshar
      
      Alcantara
      
      Amedore
      
      Avella
      
      Bailey
      
      Benjamin
      
      Bonacic
      
      Boyle
      
      Breslin
      
      Brooks
      
      Carlucci
      
      Comrie
      
      Croci
      
      DeFrancisco
      
      Diaz
      
      Dilan
      
      Felder
      
      Flanagan
      
      Funke
      
      Gallivan
      
      Gianaris
      
      Golden
      
      Griffo
      
      Hamilton
      
      Hannon
      
      Helming
      
      Hoylman-Sigal
      
      Jacobs
      
      Kaminsky
      
      Kennedy
      
      Klein
      
      Krueger
      
      LaValle
      
      Lanza
      
      Larkin
      
      Latimer
      
      Little
      
      Marcellino
      
      Marchione
      
      Montgomery
      
      Murphy
      
      O'Mara
      
      Ortt
      
      Parker
      
      Peralta
      
      Persaud
      
      Phillips
      
      Ranzenhofer
      
      Ritchie
      
      Rivera
      
      Robach
      
      Savino
      
      Serino
      
      Serrano
      
      Seward
      
      Squadron
      
      Stavisky
      
      Stewart-Cousins
      
      Tedisco
      
      Valesky
      
      Young
      
      absent (1)
      
      Sanders Jr.
  Jun 21, 2017 - Rules Committee Vote
  S4831A
  
  25
  
  Aye
  
  0
  
  Nay
  
  0
  
  Aye with Reservations
  
  0
  
  Absent
  
  0
  
  Excused
  
  0
  
  Abstained
  - - Rules Committee Vote: Jun 21, 2017
      
      aye (25)
      
      Bonacic
      
      Breslin
      
      Carlucci
      
      DeFrancisco
      
      Dilan
      
      Flanagan
      
      Gianaris
      
      Griffo
      
      Hannon
      
      Kennedy
      
      Krueger
      
      LaValle
      
      Lanza
      
      Larkin
      
      Little
      
      Marcellino
      
      Montgomery
      
      Parker
      
      Ranzenhofer
      
      Robach
      
      Savino
      
      Seward
      
      Squadron
      
      Stewart-Cousins
      
      Valesky

Bill Amendments

Original

A (Active)

2017-S4831 - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A6515
Law Section:: Education Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §4210, Ed L

2017-S4831 - Summary

Provides aid for blind or deaf students in relation to the purchase and use of supports for the education of students who are blind, deaf, deaf-blind or hard of hearing.

2017-S4831 - Sponsor Memo

                                 BILL NUMBER:  S4831

 TITLE OF BILL :  An act to amend the education law, in relation to
providing aid for blind or deaf students in relation to the purchase
and use of supports for the education of students who are blind, deaf,
deaf-blind, hard of hearing, learning disabled or print disabled

 PURPOSE OF THE BILL :

The bill enhances the ability of the State Education Department (SED)
to provide financial assistance for the purchase and use of supports
to read, including the employment of persons to read to such student
and/or the purchase of technology to assist the student in reading for
students who are blind, deaf, deaf-blind, hard of hearing, learning
disabled or print disabled.

 SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS :

Section 1 of the bill amends Education Law § 4210 to expand the scope
of the types of persons eligible for reading support under this
section to include students who are print disabled and learning
disabled and expands the types of institutions that a student may
attend to receive readers' aid to include licensed private career
schools. Print disabled is defined as a person with a disability who
experiences barriers to accessing instructional material in
nonspecialized formats, including an individual described in section

121(d)(2) of title 17 of the United States Code. The bill also defines
learning disabled as a person with a learning disability as defined in
§ 602 of title I of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
This bill also eliminates the restriction in the current statute that
aid may only be provided to a student receiving instruction for
institutions located outside of the state but within 150 miles of New
York State borders. Under this bill, students attending any eligible
institution, inside or outside the State may receive readers' aid.

This bill also increases the amount of readers' aid a student may be
eligible for, from $1,000 to $4,000, and authorizes the use of funds
for the purchase of assistive technology, subject to any terms and
conditions prescribed by the commissioner in regulations and within
the limits of the appropriation therefor. Funds appropriated in
2017-2018 academic year and thereafter for the purposes of this
initiative shall be allocated on a first-come, first serve basis based
on the order of applications received by the commissioner, in a
timeframe and manner prescribed by the commissioner in regulations.

The bill also provides that any funds allocated pursuant to this
section shall supplement not supplant any aid provided and/or devices
currently used by the college, university, technical or professional
school, including agriculture and technical institutes and state
institutes of applied arts and sciences or licensed private career
schools as defined in article one hundred one of Education Law.

§ 2 of the bill is the effective date.

 STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF THE BILL :

The Readers Aid Program provides funding assistance for college
students who are deaf, deaf-blind or blind by helping to meet the
costs of note-taker, reader and/or interpreter services. The funding,
administered through a public or private college or university
disabled students service office, is normally divided between
semesters. Under current law, eligible students may only receive
$1,000 per academic year for limited purposes; however, many of
today's students need assistive devices and/or other supports to be
able to read, which may cost more than $1,000. This bill increases the
amount a student may receive to $4,000 and authorizes the purchase of
assistive technology that   would be owned by the student in order to
better facilitate their continued education. It also expands the types
of students eligible for aid to include learning disabled and print
disabled and the types of institutions where a student may attend to
include licensed private career schools. Since the current
appropriation is not being fully used, the Department believes that
expanding the amount of eligible persons and the amount a student may
receive will help provide the most assistance to a larger population
of students within the current appropriation level.

 BUDGETARY IMPLICATIONS OF THE BILL :

No additional costs would be associated with this legislation because
it is subject to an appropriation.

 PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY :

This is a new bill.

 EFFECTIVE DATE :
This bill shall take effect on the ninetieth day after it shall have
become a law.

2017-S4831 - Bill Text download pdf

                            
 
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   4831
 
                        2017-2018 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                               March 2, 2017
                                ___________
 
 Introduced by Sen. LAVALLE -- (at request of the State Education Depart-
   ment)  --  read  twice  and  ordered  printed,  and when printed to be
   committed to the Committee on Education
 
 AN ACT to amend the education law, in  relation  to  providing  aid  for
   blind or deaf students in relation to the purchase and use of supports
   for the education of students who are blind, deaf, deaf-blind, hard of
   hearing, learning disabled or print disabled
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. Section 4210 of the education law, as amended by chapter 53
 of the laws of 1989, paragraph (b) of subdivision 1 as amended by  chap-
 ter 53 of the laws of 1990, is amended to read as follows:
   § 4210. Aid  for  LEARNING  DISABLED,  PRINT  DISABLED,  blind or deaf
 students. 1. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION,  THE  FOLLOWING  TERMS  SHALL
 HAVE THE FOLLOWING DEFINITIONS:
   A.  "PRINT DISABLED" SHALL MEAN A PERSON WITH A DISABILITY WHO EXPERI-
 ENCES BARRIERS TO ACCESSING  INSTRUCTIONAL  MATERIAL  IN  NONSPECIALIZED
 FORMATS, INCLUDING AN INDIVIDUAL DESCRIBED IN SECTION 121(D)(2) OF TITLE
 17 OF THE UNITED STATES CODE.
   B.  "LEARNING DISABLED" SHALL MEAN A PERSON WITH A LEARNING DISABILITY
 AS DEFINED IN SECTION 602 OF TITLE I OF THE INDIVIDUALS  WITH  DISABILI-
 TIES EDUCATION ACT.
   2.  a.  Whenever  a  LEARNING  DISABLED, PRINT DISABLED, blind or deaf
 person, who is a citizen of this state and a student in  actual  attend-
 ance at a college, university, technical or professional school, includ-
 ing agriculture and technical institutes and state institutes of applied
 arts  and  sciences,  [located  in  this state] and authorized by law to
 grant OR LICENSED PRIVATE CAREER  SCHOOLS  AS  DEFINED  IN  ARTICLE  ONE
 HUNDRED  ONE  OF  THIS  TITLE, degrees, other than an institution estab-
 lished for the regular instruction of the blind or deaf, shall be desig-
 nated by the trustees thereof as a fit person to receive the aid herein-
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.

                                                            LBD10187-01-7

 S. 4831                             2
 
 after provided for, there shall be paid by the state for the use of such
 student a sum not to exceed  [one]  FOUR  thousand  dollars  per  annum,
 SUBJECT  TO TERMS AND CONDITIONS PRESCRIBED BY THE COMMISSIONER IN REGU-
 LATIONS  AND within the limits of the appropriation therefor, with which
 to [employ persons to read to such blind student] PROVIDE SUCH  STUDENTS
 WITH  SUPPORT  TO  READ,  INCLUDING THE EMPLOYMENT OF PERSONS TO READ TO
 SUCH STUDENT AND/OR THE PURCHASE OF TECHNOLOGY TO ASSIST THE STUDENT  IN
 READING  from  text-books and pamphlets [used by such student] in his or
 her studies at such college, university or school, or to  aid  [a  deaf]
 SUCH  student, in receiving instruction in such studies[. In case such a
 college, university, technical or professional school as will  meet  the
 needs  or  requirements  of  such  a  student is not located within this
 state, such a sum shall be paid by  this  state  for  the  use  of  such
 student  attending such a college, university, technical or professional
 school which shall conform to the requirements of this section in anoth-
 er state. Such a sum shall also be available to aid a  deaf  student  in
 receiving  instruction  in a regularly approved institution for the deaf
 located outside of the state but within one hundred fifty miles  of  the
 borders thereof].
   b.  The  trustees  of any institution meeting the requirements of this
 section shall  submit  reports  in  such  form  and  at  such  times  as
 prescribed by the commissioner identifying the number of students eligi-
 ble  to  receive aid pursuant to this subdivision and shall estimate the
 funds needed to support such students as provided  herein.  The  commis-
 sioner  shall advance twice during the school year to each such institu-
 tion such estimated amounts within the limits of  the  annual  appropri-
 ation provided therefore.
   [d.]  C.  At  the conclusion of the academic year for which such funds
 are provided, each institution receiving funds pursuant to this subdivi-
 sion shall submit to the commissioner a final accounting for the use  of
 such  funds  AND ANY ADDITIONAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS PRESCRIBED BY THE
 COMMISSIONER IN REGULATIONS and shall return any unspent funds.
   [2.] 3. Such moneys shall be paid annually, after the beginning of the
 school year of such institution, by the  commissioner  of  taxation  and
 finance  on  the  warrant  of  the comptroller, to the treasurer of such
 institution, on his presenting an account showing the actual  number  of
 LEARNING  DISABLED,  PRINT DISABLED, blind or deaf students matriculated
 and attending the institution, which account shall be  verified  by  the
 president of the institution and accompanied by his certificate that the
 trustees  have  recommended  the  students  named  in  said  account  as
 hereinbefore provided.
   [3.] 4. The trustees of any of the said institutions  shall  recommend
 no  LEARNING  DISABLED, PRINT DISABLED, blind or deaf person, who is not
 regularly matriculated, and who is not in good and regular standing, and
 who is not working for a degree from the institution in which he or  she
 is matriculated; and no LEARNING DISABLED, PRINT DISABLED, blind or deaf
 person  shall  be  recommended,  who  is  not  doing  the work regularly
 prescribed by the institution for the degree for which he or  she  is  a
 candidate. The moneys so paid to any such institution shall be disbursed
 for  the  purposes  aforesaid by and under the direction of its board of
 trustees.
   5. FUNDS APPROPRIATED IN  THE  TWO  THOUSAND  SEVENTEEN--TWO  THOUSAND
 EIGHTEEN  ACADEMIC  YEAR  AND THEREAFTER FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS INITI-
 ATIVE SHALL BE ALLOCATED ON A FIRST-COME, FIRST SERVE BASIS BASED ON THE
 ORDER OF APPLICATIONS RECEIVED BY THE COMMISSIONER, IN A  TIMEFRAME  AND
 MANNER PRESCRIBED BY THE COMMISSIONER IN REGULATIONS.

 S. 4831                             3
 
   6.  FUNDS  ALLOCATED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION SHALL SUPPLEMENT NOT
 SUPPLANT ANY AID PROVIDED AND/OR DEVICES CURRENTLY USED BY THE  COLLEGE,
 UNIVERSITY,  TECHNICAL OR PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL, INCLUDING AGRICULTURE AND
 TECHNICAL INSTITUTES AND STATE INSTITUTES OF APPLIED ARTS  AND  SCIENCES
 OR LICENSED PRIVATE CAREER SCHOOLS AS DEFINED IN ARTICLE ONE HUNDRED ONE
 OF THIS TITLE, FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION.
   §  2.  This  act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after it shall
 have become a law.

2017-S4831A (ACTIVE) - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A6515
Law Section:: Education Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §4210, Ed L

2017-S4831A (ACTIVE) - Summary

Provides aid for blind or deaf students in relation to the purchase and use of supports for the education of students who are blind, deaf, deaf-blind or hard of hearing.

2017-S4831A (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

                                 BILL NUMBER:  S4831A

 TITLE OF BILL :  An act to amend the education law, in relation to
providing aid for blind or deaf students in relation to the purchase
and use of supports for the education of students who are blind, deaf,
deaf-blind, or hard of hearing

 PURPOSE :

The bill enhances the ability of the State Education Department (SED)
to provide financial assistance for the purchase and use of supports
to read, including the employment of persons to read to such student
and/or the purchase of technology to assist the student in reading for
students who are blind, deaf, deaf-blind, hard of hearing.

 SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS :

Section 1. Amends education law section 4210 to expand the scope of
the types of persons eligible for reading support under this section
to include students who are print disabled and learning disabled and
expands the types of institutions that a student may attend to receive
readers aid to include licensed private career schools. Print disabled
is defined as a person with a disability who experiences barriers to
accessing instructional material in nonspecialized formats, including
an individual described in section 121(d)(2) of title 17 of the United
States Code. The bill also defines learning disabled as person with a

learning disability as defined in section 602 of title I of the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.  This bill also
eliminates the restriction in the current statute that aid ay only
provided to a student receiving instruction for institutions located
outside of the State but within 150 miles of New York State borders.
Under this bill, students attending any eligible institution, inside
or outside the State may receive readers aid.

This bill also increases the amount of readers' aid a student may be
eligible for from $1,000 to $4,000 and authorizes the use of funds for
the purchase of assistive technology, subject to any terms and
conditions prescribed by the commissioner in regulations and within
the limits of the appropriation therefor. Funds appropriated in
2017-18 academic year and thereafter for the purposes of this
initiative shall be allocated on a first come first serve basis in the
order of applications received by the commissioner, in a timeframe and
manner prescribed by the commissioner in regulations.

The bill also provides that any funds allocated pursuant to this
section shall supplement not supplant any aid provided and/or devise
currently used by the college, university, technical or professional
school, including agriculture and technical institutes and state
institutes of applied arts and sciences or licensed private career
school as defined in article on hundred one of education law.

Section 2. Sets for the effective date.

 JUSTIFICATION :

The Readers Aid Program provides funding assistance for college
students who are deaf, deaf-blind or blind by helping to meet the
costs of not taker, reader and/or interpreter services. The funding,
administered through a public or private college or university
disabled students service office is normally divided between
semesters. Under current law, eligible students may only receive
$1,000 per academic year for limited purposes; however, many of
today's students need assistive devices and/or other supports to be
able to read which may cost more than $1,000. This bill increases the
amount a student may receive to $4,000 and authorizes the purchase of
assistive technology that would be owned by the student in order to
better facilitate their continued education. It also expands the types
of students eligible for aid to include learning disabled and print
disabled and the types of institutions where a student may attend to
include licensed private career schools. Since the current
appropriation is not being fully used, the Department believes that
expanding the amount of eligible persons and the amount a student may
receive will help provide the most assistance to a larger population
of students within the current appropriation level.

 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY :

New bill.

 FISCAL IMPLICATIONS :

No additional costs would be associated with this legislation because
it is subject to an appropriation.

 EFFECTIVE DATE :
This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after it shall have
become a law.

2017-S4831A (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

                            
 
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  4831--A
 
                        2017-2018 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                               March 2, 2017
                                ___________
 
 Introduced by Sen. LAVALLE -- (at request of the State Education Depart-
   ment)  --  read  twice  and  ordered  printed,  and when printed to be
   committed to the Committee on Education -- committee discharged,  bill
   amended,  ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted to said commit-
   tee

 AN ACT to amend the education law, in  relation  to  providing  aid  for
   blind or deaf students in relation to the purchase and use of supports
   for the education of students who are blind, deaf, deaf-blind, or hard
   of hearing
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. Section 4210 of the education law, as amended by chapter 53
 of the laws of 1989, paragraph (b) of subdivision 1 as amended by  chap-
 ter 53 of the laws of 1990, is amended to read as follows:
   § 4210. Aid for blind or deaf students. 1. a. Whenever a blind or deaf
 person,  who  is a citizen of this state and a student in actual attend-
 ance at a college, university, technical or professional school, includ-
 ing agriculture and technical institutes and state institutes of applied
 arts and sciences, located in this state and authorized by law to  grant
 degrees,  OR  LICENSED  PRIVATE CAREER SCHOOLS AS DEFINED IN ARTICLE ONE
 HUNDRED ONE OF THIS TITLE AND LOCATED  IN  THIS  STATE,  other  than  an
 institution  established  for  the  regular  instruction of the blind or
 deaf, shall be designated by the trustees thereof as  a  fit  person  to
 receive  the  aid  hereinafter  provided for, there shall be paid by the
 state for the use of such student a sum not to exceed [one]  FOUR  thou-
 sand  dollars  per  annum, SUBJECT TO TERMS AND CONDITIONS PRESCRIBED BY
 THE COMMISSIONER IN REGULATIONS AND within the limits of  the  appropri-
 ation  therefor,  with  which  to  [employ persons to read to such blind
 student] PROVIDE SUCH STUDENTS  WITH  SUPPORT  TO  READ,  INCLUDING  THE
 EMPLOYMENT  OF  PERSONS  TO  READ TO SUCH STUDENT AND/OR THE PURCHASE OF
 TECHNOLOGY  TO  ASSIST  THE  STUDENT  IN  READING  from  text-books  and
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.

                                                            LBD10187-03-7

 S. 4831--A                          2
 
 pamphlets  [used by such student] in his or her studies at such college,
 university or school, or to aid [a  deaf]  SUCH  student,  in  receiving
 instruction  in such studies[. In case such a college, university, tech-
 nical  or  professional school as will meet the needs or requirements of
 such a student is not located within this state, such  a  sum  shall  be
 paid by this state for the use of such student attending such a college,
 university,  technical or professional school which shall conform to the
 requirements of this section in another state. Such a sum shall also  be
 available  to aid a deaf student in receiving instruction in a regularly
 approved institution for the deaf located outside of the state but with-
 in one hundred fifty miles of the borders thereof].
   b. The trustees of any institution meeting the  requirements  of  this
 section  shall  submit  reports  in  such  form  and  at  such  times as
 prescribed by the commissioner identifying the number of students eligi-
 ble to receive aid pursuant to this subdivision and shall  estimate  the
 funds  needed  to  support such students as provided herein. The commis-
 sioner shall advance twice during the school year to each such  institu-
 tion  such  estimated  amounts within the limits of the annual appropri-
 ation provided therefore.
   [d.] C. At the conclusion of the academic year for  which  such  funds
 are provided, each institution receiving funds pursuant to this subdivi-
 sion  shall submit to the commissioner a final accounting for the use of
 such funds AND ANY ADDITIONAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS PRESCRIBED  BY  THE
 COMMISSIONER IN REGULATIONS and shall return any unspent funds.
   2.    Such  moneys  shall be paid annually, after the beginning of the
 school year of such institution, by the  commissioner  of  taxation  and
 finance  on  the  warrant  of  the comptroller, to the treasurer of such
 institution, on his presenting an account showing the actual  number  of
 blind or deaf students matriculated and attending the institution, which
 account shall be verified by the president of the institution and accom-
 panied  by  his  certificate  that  the  trustees  have  recommended the
 students named in said account as hereinbefore provided.
   3.  The trustees of any of the said institutions  shall  recommend  no
 blind  or deaf person, who is not regularly matriculated, and who is not
 in good and regular standing, and who is not working for a  degree  from
 the institution in which he or she is matriculated; and no blind or deaf
 person  shall  be  recommended,  who  is  not  doing  the work regularly
 prescribed by the institution for the degree for which he or  she  is  a
 candidate. The moneys so paid to any such institution shall be disbursed
 for  the  purposes  aforesaid by and under the direction of its board of
 trustees.
   4. FUNDS APPROPRIATED IN  THE  TWO  THOUSAND  SEVENTEEN--TWO  THOUSAND
 EIGHTEEN  ACADEMIC  YEAR  AND THEREAFTER FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS INITI-
 ATIVE SHALL BE ALLOCATED ON A FIRST-COME, FIRST SERVE BASIS BASED ON THE
 ORDER OF APPLICATIONS RECEIVED BY THE COMMISSIONER, IN A  TIMEFRAME  AND
 MANNER PRESCRIBED BY THE COMMISSIONER IN REGULATIONS.
   5.  FUNDS  ALLOCATED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION SHALL SUPPLEMENT NOT
 SUPPLANT ANY AID PROVIDED AND/OR DEVICES CURRENTLY USED BY THE  COLLEGE,
 UNIVERSITY,  TECHNICAL OR PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL, INCLUDING AGRICULTURE AND
 TECHNICAL INSTITUTES AND STATE INSTITUTES OF APPLIED ARTS  AND  SCIENCES
 OR LICENSED PRIVATE CAREER SCHOOLS AS DEFINED IN ARTICLE ONE HUNDRED ONE
 OF THIS TITLE, FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION.
   §  2.  This  act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after it shall
 have become a law.

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