Regular Session - September 7, 1993

                                                                 
8699

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         9                       ALBANY, NEW YORK

        10                      September 7, 1993

        11                         4:27 p.m.

        12

        13

        14                       REGULAR SESSION

        15

        16

        17

        18       LT. GOVERNOR STAN LUNDINE, President

        19       STEPHEN F. SLOAN, Secretary

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        21

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        23











                                                             
8700

         1                      P R O C E E D I N G S

         2                      THE PRESIDENT:  The Senate will

         3       come to order.  The Senators will please find

         4       their places.

         5                      I'd like to ask everyone present

         6       to rise and repeat the Pledge of Allegiance with

         7       me.

         8                      (The assemblage repeated the

         9       Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.)

        10                      Please be seated.

        11                      In the absence of visiting

        12       clergy, may we now bow our heads in a moment of

        13       silence.

        14                      (A moment of silence was

        15       observed.)

        16                      Secretary will read the Journal.

        17                      THE SECRETARY:  In Senate, Satur

        18       day, September 4th.  The Senate met pursuant to

        19       adjournment, Senator Bruno in the Chair upon

        20       designation of the Temporary President.  The

        21       Journal of Wednesday, September 1st, was read

        22       and approved.  On motion, Senate adjourned.

        23                      THE PRESIDENT:  Hearing no











                                                             
8701

         1       objection, the Journal stands approved as read.

         2                      Presentation of petitions.

         3                      Messages from the Assembly.

         4                      Messages from the Governor.

         5                      Reports of standing committees.

         6                      Reports of select committees.

         7                      Communications and reports from

         8       state officers.

         9                      Motions and resolutions.

        10                      Senator Present.

        11                      SENATOR PRESENT:  Mr. President,

        12       I move that we adopt the Resolution Calendar

        13       with the exception of Resolution 2002.

        14                      THE PRESIDENT:  On the

        15       resolutions, all those in favor say aye.

        16                      (Response of "Aye.")

        17                      Opposed nay.

        18                      (There was no response.)

        19                      The ayes have it.  The

        20       resolutions are adopted.

        21                      SENATOR TRUNZO:  Mr. President.

        22                      THE PRESIDENT:  Senator Trunzo.

        23                      SENATOR TRUNZO:  On Resolution











                                                             
8702

         1       Number 2012, which commemorates the 15th Anni

         2       versary of the New York State Public Employees'

         3       Federation, I'd like to open that up for all

         4       members, if they wish to go on.

         5                      THE PRESIDENT:  Senator Marchi.

         6                      SENATOR MARCHI:  I believe there

         7       is a report at the desk, Mr. President.

         8                      THE PRESIDENT:  Secretary will

         9       read.

        10                      THE SECRETARY:  Senator Marchi,

        11       from the Committee on Judiciary, reports the

        12       following nomination:  Associate Judge of the

        13       Court of Appeals, Howard Arnold Levine, of

        14       Schenectady.

        15                      SENATOR MARCHI:  With great

        16       pleasure, I yield to Senator Farley.

        17                      THE PRESIDENT:  Senator Farley.

        18                      SENATOR FARLEY:  Thank you,

        19       Senator Marchi; thank you, Mr. President.

        20                      It is with perhaps one of the

        21       highest honors and distinctions that I have had

        22       since I've been a Senator here in 17, 18 years,

        23       to nominate and urge the confirmation of Howard











                                                             
8703

         1       Levine, of Niskayuna, New York, actually

         2       Schenectady, my dear friend and associate for

         3       many years, 25 years or more.

         4                      Let me just tell you something

         5       about Judge Levine.  A graduate of Yale

         6       University and Yale Law School, he's been a

         7       distinguished private practicing attorney coming

         8       from a legal family.  Both his father and his

         9       mother were attorneys.  Matter of fact, he has a

        10       legislative heritage in that his father was

        11       counsel to Speaker Oswald Heck, of Niskayuna.

        12                      Judge Levine was a district

        13       attorney in Schenectady in 1967 to 1970.  He's

        14       been a Family Court judge and not just a Family

        15       Court judge, but a renowned one, one that has

        16       had an award during his lifetime named for him

        17       because of his concern for the welfare of

        18       children.

        19                      He served as a Family Court judge

        20       and was president of the Family Court Judges'

        21       Association for the state of New York.  He was

        22       elected as justice of the Supreme Court in 1981

        23       and was -- in 1982 his judicial excellence was











                                                             
8704

         1       recognized by the Governor and he was appointed

         2       to the Appellate Division of the Third Depart

         3       ment.  Howard Levine has always had a judicial

         4       temperament.  As a matter of fact, the legal

         5       part of his life has been absolutely over

         6       whelming.

         7                      With him today is his son, Neil,

         8       who's a partner in the law firm of Whiteman,

         9       Osterman & Hanna.  Neil is also an outstanding

        10       athlete, basketball player, and served, I

        11       believe, on -- played on the state champions in

        12       Niskayuna.  His daughter-in-law, Neil's wife,

        13       Meg Levine, is with us in the gallery.  She's an

        14       assistant counsel in the state Education

        15       Department, and his daughter, Ruth Levine

        16       Susmman, of Manhattan, is an adjunct professor

        17       in the New York University Law School, and her

        18       husband is also a lawyer and he's executive

        19       vice-president and general counsel of the New

        20       York Yankees.  And, of course, Jim Levine, his

        21       son, is an associate in Mudge, Rose, Guthrie &

        22       Alexander, and you know how hard they work him

        23       in those kinds of firms, and he wasn't able to











                                                             
8705

         1       be here today.

         2                      Let me say he had three

         3       children.  They're all lawyers, two of them

         4       being married to lawyers.  I was always very

         5       proud of the fact that two of my children are

         6       lawyers and they're both married to lawyers.  I

         7       have a third one who is still in college.  She

         8       may want to do something else; I'm not sure.

         9                      Let me just say that Judge Levine

        10       is one of the finest men that I have ever

        11       known.  He's respected in this Capital District

        12       and throughout the state of New York.  He's been

        13       nominated for the Court of Appeals seven times.

        14       The seventh time he's hit a home run, this

        15       time.  He's well qualified, to say the least.

        16                      Today at the judiciary hearing,

        17       we had Judge Casey, who came off the bench and

        18       who had a case that he had to hear at 3:00

        19       o'clock, but he wanted to come over and testify

        20       in his behalf.  We also had the head of the New

        21       York State Bar Association that came and

        22       testified, and we had numerous letters.

        23       Unfortunately, there was a person in opposition











                                                             
8706

         1       who had no substance to their complaint and, in

         2       my judgment, was totally out of line, and the

         3       entire committee dismissed it as not -- not

         4       relevant.

         5                      Judge Levine is an outstanding

         6       father, lawyer, justice and citizen.  His -- his

         7       background in -- in my area is -- he is renowned

         8       in the fact that he's heavily involved in the

         9       community and totally respected by everybody

        10       that knows him.  As a matter of fact, Judge

        11       Levine and I go back politically even when he

        12       was running for district attorney.  He took me

        13       door to door and when I was also running on the

        14       same ticket, and in spite of me he got

        15       reelected.

        16                      Judge Levine always had a

        17       judicial temperament even when he was district

        18       attorney.  He's fair; he's concerned; he's

        19       compassionate.  He also has an intellect that is

        20       truly remarkable.  I think that's one of the

        21       major -- his colleagues respect him because of

        22       his brilliance, not only as a judge, but as an

        23       individual.











                                                             
8707

         1                      Judge Levine is eminently

         2       qualified, and let me start off by -- or finish

         3       off by complimenting the Governor.  Somebody

         4       said at the hearing, and I couldn't agree more,

         5       if there's a legacy to his governorship, it's

         6       been his fairness and his bipartisan approach to

         7       appointing people to the bench.  He's chosen the

         8       best that he could find, and Howard Levine

         9       certainly is among those.

        10                      He's with us with his family in

        11       the gallery, and it's truly a thrill for me to

        12       nominate my dear friend and my buddy, Judge

        13       Howard Levine, for the Court of Appeals.  I

        14       always thought he was a candidate -- I still

        15       think he's a candidate for the Supreme Court of

        16       the United States, but this is his next stop.

        17                      I move his confirmation.

        18                      THE PRESIDENT:  Senator

        19       Ohrenstein.

        20                      The Chair will state that -

        21                      SENATOR OHRENSTEIN:  No, please

        22       don't.

        23                      THE PRESIDENT:  -- I scrupulously











                                                             
8708

         1       go in order of the Senators as I see them asking

         2       for recognition, but occasionally, if the

         3       Majority Leader or the Minority Leader want to

         4       bump one of their own brethren I honor that

         5       request.

         6                      Senator Ohrenstein.

         7                      SENATOR GOLD:  What a rule!

         8                      SENATOR OHRENSTEIN:  What a

         9       coward's way out of this dilemma!

        10                      Thank you, Mr. President.  Mr.

        11       President, it's my great pleasure to rise to

        12       second the nomination of Judge Levine for the

        13       Court of Appeals.  I do so for several reasons.

        14       The first is, to follow the reasoning of my good

        15       friend from Schenectady, I want to also commend

        16       the Governor for this very, very excellent

        17       choice for a judge of the Court of Appeals.  So

        18       I want to congratulate him for his wisdom, and

        19       for his continued wisdom, in exacting the

        20       highest standards from the judiciary in terms of

        21       his appointments to the Court of Appeals.

        22                      I think the Governor truly has

        23       made history.  He made history even just this











                                                             
8709

         1       year in elevating our new chief justice or chief

         2       judge, and now in selecting this very, very

         3       eminent jurist for the vacancy which was left by

         4       her elevation to the chief position.

         5                      I say this not only because I

         6       admire the Governor for the way he's gone about

         7       this whole question of the Court of Appeals for

         8       the last decade or so, and in selecting a bench

         9       which continues to rise in excellence, but it's

        10       also a vindication for a process which I feel I

        11       have had some little -- some little part in

        12       fashioning, and that is the process of making

        13       this an appointive position rather than an

        14       elective position, which it was in the past.

        15                      As a legislator, as a politician,

        16       I am keenly committed to the democratic process

        17       and to the democratic electoral process.  I've

        18       just felt almost from the beginning of my

        19       political career that the electoral process does

        20       not really work when it comes to the judiciary,

        21       because in selecting members of the judiciary we

        22       look for qualities and for histories and for

        23       abilities that are not necessarily best served











                                                             
8710

         1       by that process.

         2                      I know there's a lot of

         3       disagreement on that.  I simply cite the

         4       experience in our highest court of this state as

         5       being one which vindicates that particular

         6       judgment.  I've been very pleased to be able to

         7       participate in this process through the

         8       appointments I have made to the Judicial

         9       Nominating Commission and, as I said, I feel

        10       very good about the history and the history that

        11       the Governor has -- and the judgment he has

        12       exercised in furthering this history.

        13                      I also feel very good about this

        14       nominee.  We only met this afternoon, but I want

        15       to say, to his credit, he immediately gave me an

        16       avenue for exploration which I didn't know I had

        17       because it turned out that he had served on the

        18       Temporary Commission for Mental Health, or what

        19       was previously known as the Governor's Advisory

        20       Committee on Mental Health.  A member of that

        21       commission is my wife, who is a social worker.

        22       So that apparently he gave me a way of checking

        23       him out and, Judge, I want you to know I called











                                                             
8711

         1       her because -- and your very future lay in the

         2       balance of that call, and I want you to know you

         3       came up with very, very high numbers.  The

         4       reason I say that your future lay in the balance

         5       of that call, because I related to you and your

         6       family that another member of this chamber knows

         7       my wife very well and goes by her word, and

         8       that's the Senator sitting immediately in front

         9       of me, Senator Galiber.  So, on her word, there

        10       were two votes which were critical to the future

        11       of this nomination. So I want you to know it

        12       isn't Joe Galiber or Fred Ohrenstein who is

        13       voting, it's Lynn Ohrenstein who is casting a

        14       ballot in your favor, and I will say to you, she

        15       was delighted to hear this is going forward and

        16       that you are the object of our coming to Albany

        17       today which, again, she was not delighted

        18       about.  We came back from our vacation

        19       yesterday.  We had to come here today, but she

        20       told me, if it was for this purpose, my coming

        21       here today was vindicated.

        22                      But on the record, Judge Levine

        23       is obviously an outstanding lawyer, an out











                                                             
8712

         1       standing jurist, who has paid his dues in a

         2       thousand different ways, in both the private law

         3       practice as well as the -- as his service as a

         4       public prosecutor in Schenectady County, and

         5       then as a judge through several steps in our

         6       judicial system.

         7                      He has gained the respect of

         8       everyone who has known of him, who has read his

         9       opinions, and I would suggest to you particular

        10       ly the opinion that the chief judge expressed

        11       upon hearing of this nomination would weigh very

        12       very heavily with us and obviously Judge Kaye,

        13       who has been sitting on the court now for a very

        14       long time, is very familiar with the opinions of

        15       this particular nominee, and I think her

        16       evaluation of his opinions and his history and

        17       his service is of great weight and obviously is

        18       of the highest compliment to him.

        19                      So, Mr. President, I'm delighted

        20       to rise here to second this nomination.  I

        21       congratulate Judge Levine for having achieved

        22       this great eminence.  I look forward to his

        23       making this Court of Appeals, which is probably











                                                             
8713

         1       the most preeminent court -- state court in the

         2       country, an even greater one.

         3                      I congratulate his family, and

         4       I'm delighted to be here to participate in this

         5       auspicious moment.

         6                      THE PRESIDENT:  Senator

         7       Stafford.

         8                      SENATOR GOLD:  I'm not ready.

         9                      SENATOR STAFFORD:  I will be very

        10       brief.

        11                      At the committee meeting today, I

        12       wanted to speak, but everyone just keeps saying

        13       or kept saying what I was going to say, I mean,

        14       and it was obviously positive.  I had two or

        15       three points I would make, however.

        16                      For over 30 years, I've worked

        17       with Judge Levine. I can remember when we were

        18       making some changes in the Family Court Law, the

        19       County Court Law, we'd have meetings on

        20       Saturday.  He'd be there; want everyone to

        21       realize legislators were there too, but a great

        22       deal of work got done, and much that's in the

        23       C.P.L.R. today and the Family Court Law is the











                                                             
8714

         1       work of Howard Levine.

         2                      I would say, like others have

         3       said so well, that he has done so well.  He's a

         4       brilliant scholar despite where he went to law

         5       school, but we understand that Yale is the top.

         6       Some of us would name some other schools, but we

         7       don't -- we don't get into that.

         8                      But on a serious note also,

         9       properly within the governmental system as was

        10       mentioned, the political system.  I do know his

        11       colleagues well on the Appellate Division.  I

        12       have heard them, to the person, state their

        13       support for Howard for the Court of Appeals and

        14       how pleased they are, and I, too, compliment the

        15       Governor on this very, very fine choice.

        16                      I would only conclude by saying

        17       that I think this says a lot about a person.

        18       When he was D.A., when he was a Family Court

        19       judge, Supreme Court judge, the Appellate

        20       Division, now, no matter how hard he was

        21       working, no matter what his responsibilities,

        22       his main concern was for the other person, and

        23       that has been proven time in and time out, and











                                                             
8715

         1       now by his decisions, and I, too, join all here

         2       today in moving this very, very fine appointment

         3       and moving Judge Levine's confirmation.

         4                      THE PRESIDENT:  Senator Gold.

         5                      SENATOR GOLD:  Thank you, Mr.

         6       President.  I'm ready now.

         7                      Mr. President, I agree with the

         8       conclusion reached by Senator Ohrenstein on the

         9       nominee, even though he may be wrong on his

        10       basic philosophies on elected versus appointed

        11       judges, but we won't discuss that today.

        12                      The Governor should be commended.

        13       I'm amused when I am in the presence of certain

        14       judges, and I won't mention that group by name,

        15       who tell you ad nauseum how their particular

        16       court is the best court in the state, in the

        17       country, in the world, and to me it's more

        18       important when other people say that, and the

        19       Governor has certainly taken major steps to make

        20       sure that, when people talk about our Court of

        21       Appeals, they really do talk about a great

        22       court.

        23                      I was excited, as so many other











                                                             
8716

         1       people were, when Judge Kaye got the opportunity

         2       and became the chief judge, and now after being

         3       a bridesmaid often enough, we finally have the

         4       opportunity to recognize a great talent in Judge

         5       Levine, and also to open up the door to our

         6       people, which is more important, to have the

         7       opportunity to have this very fine man serve on

         8       this court.

         9                      I think that the background that

        10       was submitted to us is significant, and the

        11       record ought to indicate it.  I know reference

        12       was made to Judge Casey, but we also should

        13       indicate that the presiding judge of the Third

        14       Department, Judge Weiss, who is certainly a

        15       great gentleman and someone I respect to the Nth

        16       degree, submitted testimony in support.  The

        17       president of the New York State Bar Association

        18       was there, the vice-president of the Women's

        19       Bar.  There was a memo from the New York City

        20       Bar Association.

        21                      In addition, the committee which

        22       made the recommendation of the list from which

        23       Judge Levine was selected, has very distinguish











                                                             
8717

         1       ed members on it, many of whom are known to

         2       members in this chamber.

         3                      I am not overly concerned, as

         4       some other people may be, with the Yale

         5       education.  Judge Kaye has Cornell graduates in

         6       her family, and I'm sure there's others around

         7       and, if the issues get too difficult, I'm sure

         8       you can consult with those people.  Senator

         9       Oppenheimer was the one who just said Ha-ha-ha.

        10       Otherwise she couldn't go home tonight.

        11                      At any rate, what impressed me

        12       most about the nominee was his legal experience

        13       because, while he did practice law for a New

        14       York City firm for two years and while in those

        15       days as an assistant district attorney -- and as

        16       a district attorney you could still maintain

        17       some private practice -- the fact of the matter

        18       is that his whole life has shown a background

        19       and dedication to public service and to the

        20       intellectual side of public service through

        21       involvement in instruction at law school and, as

        22       I indicated, the district attorney's offices,

        23       the Family Court and, of course, his latest











                                                             
8718

         1       stint as a justice of the Supreme Court.

         2                      It really is an honor, Judge,

         3       that you allowed us to consider you, and I

         4       consider it an honor on my part to be able to

         5       cast an affirmative vote.

         6                      THE PRESIDENT:  Senator Larkin.

         7                      SENATOR LARKIN:  Mr. President,

         8       my colleagues, I can't stand here in front of

         9       you and talk as you do about being in court.

        10       The only time I've been in court is to see my

        11       son in action one time, but when I was telling

        12       him about being here today, he said, "No, Dad,

        13       let me tell you something about the judge."  He

        14       said, "I went to Albany Law School.  I consider

        15       myself well educated.  You paid a nice price for

        16       it, but the most important thing to remember

        17       about this man was that he taught the students.

        18       He taught them law and," he said, "in all my

        19       time and education and still taking courses, I

        20       find that he was one that could impart the

        21       knowledge to you so that you would understand it

        22       and know how to use it, not just to be a

        23       criminal lawyer, Legal Aid lawyer, but to go











                                                             
8719

         1       into a situation where you could advise your

         2       clients, handle their issues, and really be a

         3       partner with them, and," he said, "for that,

         4       Dad, your money was well spent."  And, Judge,

         5       I'm glad.  He's doin' very good.  Thank you.

         6                      THE PRESIDENT:  Senator

         7       Oppenheimer.

         8                      SENATOR OPPENHEIMER:  Hello,

         9       Judge.

        10                      I think we should talk a little

        11       bit about your brilliance in light of -- I hate

        12       to disagree with my esteemed colleagues, Senator

        13       Stafford, Senator Gold, but, in my opinion, you

        14       certainly got the finest legal training that is

        15       available in America today at Yale Law School

        16       where you are a colleague and classmate of my

        17       husband.

        18                      And we know you to be a leader in

        19       the fight for juvenile justice and for child

        20       care and for care of our youth and our

        21       delinquent youth, and we praise you for that and

        22       for your work in the social justice arena.  But

        23       I would like to take a moment to just talk about











                                                             
8720

         1       what you are as a person too, in my esteemed

         2       husband's opinion.  After all, if Senator

         3       Ohrenstein can talk about his wife's opinion, I

         4       can talk about my husband's opinion.

         5                      My husband has said that you are

         6       a man who was liked by every single person in

         7       the Yale Law School.  That is quite amazing.  He

         8       said nobody ever had a single bad word to say

         9       about you.  He said you seemed to care for

        10       everybody, and everybody wanted to care for you

        11       and did care for you.  He said he sees that

        12       continuing right until this day, that people

        13       care for you because you take great care of

        14       people, and I thought you would like to hear

        15       those remarks.

        16                      They are also my remarks.  We had

        17       said we would meet here in Albany.  I hardly

        18       thought it was going to be in this chamber, and

        19       I'm very delighted to be here today to second

        20       your nomination.

        21                      THE PRESIDENT:  Senator Marchi.

        22                      SENATOR MARCHI:  Mr. President,

        23       Senator Ohrenstein, I think, indicated that this











                                                             
8721

         1       was a vindication of a process that we all took

         2       great satisfaction in, and it went beyond the

         3       abundant testimony on the wealth of back

         4       ground, the quality of that background, the

         5       legal acumen, the wisdom and the temperament

         6       that will serve us well in the future.

         7                      I also took very careful note of

         8       some of the personal observations that were made

         9       which really must have filled the entire Levine

        10       family with a great sense of pride and self

        11       fulfillment.

        12                      You're a wonderful family, and

        13       you all deserve each other, and it was really

        14       edifying to just look at your expressions and

        15       the way you interacted among yourselves, and you

        16       must have been impressed by the evident

        17       sincerity of the statements that were being made

        18       by the witnesses and by the rejoinder of the

        19       members of the committee.  This was a sincere

        20       feeling, a warm feeling that went out to you and

        21       it must be a matter of great personal

        22       satisfaction.

        23                      God bless you, and the best is











                                                             
8722

         1       yet to come, I'm sure.

         2                      THE PRESIDENT:  Senator Bruno.

         3                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Thank you, Mr.

         4       President.

         5                      There isn't much that I can add

         6       to what has already been said, but I wanted to

         7       stand up and just add a word of seconding.  My

         8       classmate, Senator Farley, has the honor of

         9       having the judge as a constituent, but I am

        10       honored in that he is a neighbor.

        11                      But one of the first things, and

        12       I think we visited about this, that happened to

        13       me when I moved into the community that I live

        14       in, was that a good friend of mine who had been

        15       in Family Court, Judge Marc Filley, was sort of

        16       a mentor to me, said one day, "You know, there's

        17       a judge over in Schenectady that you've got to

        18       meet.  He is an up and coming young fellow and

        19       he is the kind of person that anyone can relate

        20       to.  He's astute; he's objective; he's caring.

        21       He just is a fine person who does a good job."

        22                      I did meet the judge as a

        23       consequence of that conversation, and Judge Marc











                                                             
8723

         1       Filley, no longer residing in this state, was

         2       absolutely right in all of the things that he

         3       had to say and, as I have been fortunate enough

         4       to get to know the judge and his family, I can

         5       relate in that you truly are an outstanding

         6       individual and will continue the great service

         7       to the entire state that you've been providing

         8       previously.

         9                      I am honored to add my second to

        10       the others that have been presented.

        11                      THE PRESIDENT:  Senator

        12       Dollinger.

        13                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Thank you,

        14       Mr. President.

        15                      I've never been a judge, but I

        16       guess today I get a chance to act like one. Now,

        17       your Honor, I don't know you, have never met you

        18       before, but I feel a little bit like one of

        19       those Appellate Division judges who has never

        20       heard the case before, and someone walks in and

        21       presents their petition, their record on appeal,

        22       their brief, and from my view, your Honor, the

        23       presentation in support of your nomination has











                                                             
8724

         1       been extraordinary.

         2                      The evidence, both from my

         3       colleagues who know you personally and know of

         4       your character, has been substantial and

         5       certainly the witnesses that testified on your

         6       behalf.  Faced with all of that, I'm going to

         7       rule in the affirmative and affirm my

         8       colleagues' and my lower court opinions with

         9       respect to this nomination, but I do so with

        10       just three brief comments:

        11                      First of all, my questions to you

        12       during the course of the confirmation about both

        13       the issue of racial bias and gender bias in our

        14       court system.  It's my view, as an elected

        15       official, that we have vestiges of both present

        16       in our system and that we need to be committed

        17       as a state, not just as an elected Legislature

        18       but as a judiciary, to making sure that the

        19       eradication of those vestiges of old patterns of

        20       thinking, of old thoughts, of old ways, that we

        21       now as a society have decided to eradicate, we

        22       need to be sure that we're following down that

        23       path.  I think your comments in response to my











                                                             
8725

         1       questions indicate that you will continue that

         2       path and continue the leadership.

         3                      The second question deals with

         4       one of the issues that Senator Marchi brought up

         5       in his questioning about the role of the state

         6       Constitution.  It seems to me, as an elected

         7       official and a political person, that perhaps

         8       one of the age of "New Federalism" ideas is that

         9       in this country we've embarked on a pattern the

        10       last 12 years of pushing more and more decisions

        11       down to the states, more and more decisions

        12       about spending, more and more decisions about

        13       what the governance pattern should be in a

        14       particular state.

        15                      As a consequence of that trend,

        16       the state judiciary begins to assume an even

        17       more important position because we now have to

        18       ask the state judiciary to provide leadership

        19       for this state in conjunction with this

        20       Legislature about issues involving our spending,

        21       about the role of government, about the power of

        22       the people through a Constitution versus the

        23       power of the Legislature.











                                                             
8726

         1                      I have noted your opinions, I

         2       think in Brady against the state of New York and

         3       in other cases in which you haven't been shy

         4       about telling the government of this state that

         5       they have trampled on the people's rights by

         6       exercising powers that they do not constitution

         7       ally have.  It's my hope that as part of that

         8       "New Federalism" which seems to be the wave of

         9       this -- the political science in this country,

        10       that you will continue to embark on a pattern of

        11       expanding the Constitution where it's

        12       appropriate in your eyes, for the people of this

        13       state, and that you will continue to let that

        14       Constitution grow and develop and give us our

        15       own constitutional base in this state.

        16                      My final comment comes to

        17       something that I learned at Albany Law School.

        18       I was there when you taught there, although I

        19       didn't have you as a professor, and that is my

        20       great concern about the growth of the common

        21       law.

        22                      Look around this chamber.  I wish

        23       all my colleagues were here.  You would see a











                                                             
8727

         1       very different picture of who the common man in

         2       New York State is.  It's no longer an old common

         3       man.  There's a new "common man" -- women,

         4       minorities, African-Americans, Hispanics, Puerto

         5       Ricans.  The entire panoplia of New York State

         6       has now created a new "common man" with a

         7       different face, with different needs.

         8                      We need a new and a different

         9       common law to accommodate the growing needs of

        10       our growing and diverse society.  It's my hope

        11       that you will take the common law of this state

        12       and continue to drive it forward.  You follow in

        13       the footsteps of great, great legends in the

        14       common law.

        15                      I have every hope and every

        16       indication from the speeches I've heard on the

        17       floor, from the testimony gathered in the

        18       Judiciary Committee, that you will be a strong

        19       contributor to the continuing growth of that

        20       law.  The people in this state need it.  The

        21       people in this country need it.  We need

        22       leadership in the court system.  I have every

        23       confidence, based on what I've heard here, that











                                                             
8728

         1       you will provide that leadership.

         2                      Congratulations and Godspeed.

         3                      THE PRESIDENT:  The question

         4       occurs on the confirmation of the nominee.  All

         5       those in favor, say aye.

         6                      (Response of "Aye.")

         7                      Opposed nay.

         8                      (There was no response.)

         9                      The ayes have it.  The nominee is

        10       confirmed, Howard Arnold Levine, of Schenectady

        11       to be Associate Judge of the Court of Appeals,

        12       to fill the vacancy caused by the appointment of

        13       Judith S. Kaye.

        14                      (Standing applause.)

        15                      THE PRESIDENT:  Congratulations,

        16       Judge Levine.

        17                      Senator Saland.

        18                      SENATOR SALAND:  Mr. President, I

        19       wish to call up my bill, Print Number 5881,

        20       recalled from the Assembly, which is now at the

        21       desk.

        22                      THE PRESIDENT:  The Secretary

        23       will read.











                                                             
8729

         1                      THE SECRETARY:  By Senator

         2       Saland, Senate Bill Number 5881, an act to amend

         3       the Family Court Act.

         4                      SENATOR SALAND:  Mr. President, I

         5       now move to reconsider the vote by which this

         6       bill was passed.

         7                      THE PRESIDENT:  Call the roll on

         8       reconsideration.

         9                      (The Secretary called the roll on

        10       reconsideration. )

        11                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 46.

        12                      SENATOR SALAND:  Mr. President, I

        13       offer up the following amendments.

        14                      THE PRESIDENT:  Amendments

        15       received.

        16                      SENATOR SALAND:  Mr. President,

        17       please recommit the bill to the Committee on

        18       Rules.

        19                      THE PRESIDENT:  So ordered.

        20                      Senator Present.

        21                      SENATOR PRESENT:  Mr. President,

        22       in behalf of Senator Levy, I'd like to announce

        23       an immediate conference of the Majority in Room











                                                             
8730

         1       335.

         2                      There being no further business,

         3       I move we adjourn subject to the call of the

         4       Majority Leader, intervening days to be

         5       legislative days.

         6                      THE PRESIDENT:  The Senate stands

         7       adjourned.

         8                      (Whereupon at 5:03 p.m., the

         9       Senate adjourned.)

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