Regular Session - May 1, 1995

                                                                 
5081

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         9                       ALBANY, NEW YORK

        10                         May 1, 1995

        11                          3:04 p.m.

        12

        13

        14                       REGULAR SESSION

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        16

        17

        18       SENATOR JOHN R. KUHL, JR., Acting President

        19       STEPHEN F. SLOAN, Secretary

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        21

        22

        23











                                                             
5082

         1                      P R O C E E D I N G S

         2                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senate

         3       will come to order.  Ask the members to find

         4       their places, staff to find their places.

         5                      I ask everybody in the chamber to

         6       please rise with me and say the Pledge of

         7       Allegiance.

         8                      (Whereupon, the Senate and those

         9       present joined in the Pledge of Allegiance to

        10       the Flag.)

        11                      We are very pleased to have with

        12       us the Rabbi Shmuel M. Butman of the Lubavitch

        13       Youth Organization in Brooklyn, New York, to

        14       deliver the invocation.

        15                      Rabbi Butman.

        16                      RABBI SHMUEL M. BUTMAN:  Senator

        17       Marchi.  Ladies and gentlemen.  Let us pray.

        18                      Dear God, by divine providence

        19       this prayer is being said on the day of the

        20       final recitation of the Kaddish prayer for the

        21       revered leader, Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson,

        22       the Lubavitcher Rebbe, whose 93rd anniversary we

        23       celebrated just three weeks ago on the eleventh











                                                             
5083

         1       day of Nissan, and you have passed a resolution

         2       in honor of the Rebbe's 93rd birthday.

         3                      The Rebbe often told us that this

         4       is the last generation of the Arab exile which

         5       will soon become the first generation of

         6       redemption, the Messianic era, foretold by the

         7       prophets, "Nation shall not lift up sword

         8       against nation," and when universal peace and

         9       justice will prevail.  This grand vision is

        10       reflected in Psalm 94, which it is customary to

        11       read daily starting from the 93rd birthday.

        12                      After calling for God to reveal

        13       himself as judge of the world and bring a end to

        14       the situation when the wicked, quote, "kill

        15       widows and strangers and murder orphans," as we

        16       unfortunately witnessed in the tragedy in

        17       Oklahoma, the psalmist describes how God will

        18       bring tranquility and justice to the world and

        19       consolation to the righteous.

        20                      By divine providence the members

        21       of this legislative body, the New York State

        22       Senate, have been elected by the people of the

        23       State of New York to prepare this great state











                                                             
5084

         1       for the Messianic area.  As custodians of law,

         2       of honesty, decency and morality, the Senators

         3       gathered here are privileged to enact laws that

         4       create a more honest, decent, law-abiding

         5       society, preventing chaos from prevailing.

         6                      And let me share with you for

         7       just a brief moment a few words of Talmudic

         8       wisdom.  The Talmud says, "Pray for the welfare

         9       of the government; for were it not for the fear

        10       of the government, people will swallow each

        11       other alive."  You are the government of the

        12       great State of New York.

        13                      Furthermore, the State of New

        14       York is a key state in the United States of

        15       America, presently the world's only super power,

        16       looked up by all other nations as a symbol of

        17       success and prosperity; therefore, it is in a

        18       position to beneficially influence all other

        19       nations to uphold the exalted standards of

        20       justice and freedom upon which this great nation

        21       was founded and to which we remain eternally

        22       committed.

        23                      It follows that this State of New











                                                             
5085

         1       York plays a key role in bringing the awareness

         2       of these high standards to the entire world,

         3       which is reflected again by divine providence in

         4       the location of the United Nations headquarters

         5       in this great State of New York.

         6                      It has become customary for me to

         7       take this opportunity to place a dollar bill

         8       engraved with the words "In God we trust" into

         9       this charity box.  A charity box reminds us that

        10       our obligations are not only towards our friends

        11       and neighbors that live around us, but our

        12       obligation is indeed to all people throughout

        13       the world.

        14                      Help us, dear God, to bring to

        15       all citizens of the State of New York and the

        16       United States and the entire world this vital

        17       message of practicing charity and how it

        18       prepares the world for a brighter future which

        19       will reach its fullest potential in the

        20       Messianic era soon to be upon us.

        21                      May the members of the great

        22       Senate of the State of New York be worthy of the

        23       great privilege that you, dear God, have











                                                             
5086

         1       bestowed upon them and may they be successful in

         2       creating a just and peaceful society that serves

         3       as a model to the entire world, preparing the

         4       way for the universal justice and peace of the

         5       Messianic era, and may each of these legislators

         6       who serve the public of this state have much

         7       success, both in their public lives and together

         8       with their families in their private lives.

         9                      To quote from the text of our

        10       Sabbath prayer, "May God reward those who

        11       sincerely serve the needs of the public,

        12       removing from them all sickness and sending them

        13       blessings and success in all their endeavors."

        14                      And I know, ladies and gentlemen,

        15       that we're all worried about the budget, and I

        16       know that in honor of the Rebbe you will pass

        17       the budget immediately, successfully.

        18                      Thank you very, very much.

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Reading

        20       of the Journal.

        21                      THE SECRETARY:  In Senate,

        22       Sunday, April 30.  The Senate met pursuant to

        23       adjournment.  Senator Farley in the chair upon











                                                             
5087

         1       designation of the Temporary President.  The

         2       Journal of Saturday, April 29, was read and

         3       approved.  On motion, Senate adjourned.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Hearing

         5       no objection, the Journal stands approved as

         6       read.

         7                      Presentation of petitions.

         8                      Messages from the Assembly.

         9                      Messages from the Governor.

        10                      Reports of standing committees.

        11                      Reports of select committees.

        12                      Communications and reports from

        13       state officers.

        14                      Motions and resolutions.

        15                      Chair recognizes Senator Bruno.

        16                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President.

        17       There will be an immediate meeting of the

        18       Finance Committee in Room 332, and that

        19       immediately followed by a meeting of the Rules

        20       Committee.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  There

        22       will be an immediate meeting of the Senate

        23       Finance Committee in the Majority Conference











                                                             
5088

         1       Room, Room 332.  That's to be followed

         2       immediately by a Rules Committee meeting.

         3                      Senator Bruno.

         4                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Senator Present,

         5       I believe, is looking for recognition from the

         6       chair.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The chair

         8       recognizes Senator Present.

         9                      SENATOR PRESENT:  Mr. President.

        10       On behalf of Senator Trunzo, I wish to call up

        11       his bill, Print 3661, recalled from the

        12       Assembly, which is now at the desk.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        14       will read.

        15                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        16       359, by Senator Trunzo, Senate Print 3661, an

        17       act to amend the Civil Service Law, in relation

        18       to conforming to the terminology and procedures

        19       with the existing practice for obtaining a guide

        20       dog.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        22       Present.

        23                      SENATOR PRESENT:  Mr. President.











                                                             
5089

         1       I now move to reconsider the vote by which this

         2       bill was passed.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

         4       Secretary will call the roll on reconsideration.

         5                      (The Secretary called the roll on

         6       reconsideration.)

         7                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 31.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

         9       is before the house.

        10                      Senator Present.

        11                      SENATOR PRESENT:  I now offer the

        12       following amendments.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        14       amendments are received and adopted.

        15                      Senator Present.

        16                      SENATOR PRESENT:  Mr. President.

        17       I wish to call up on behalf of Senator DiCarlo,

        18       his bill, Print 1984, recalled from the

        19       Assembly, which is now at the desk.

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        21       will read.

        22                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        23       317, by Senator DiCarlo, Senate Print 1984, an











                                                             
5090

         1       act to amend the Executive Law, in relation to

         2       qualifications of employment.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         4       Present.

         5                      SENATOR PRESENT:  Mr. President.

         6       I now move to reconsider the vote by which this

         7       bill was passed.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

         9       Secretary will call the roll on reconsideration.

        10                      (The Secretary called the roll on

        11       reconsideration.)

        12                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 48.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        14       is before the house.

        15                      Senator Present.

        16                      SENATOR PRESENT:  Mr. President.

        17       I now offer the following amendments.

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:

        19       Amendments are received and adopted.

        20                      Chair recognizes Senator Tully.

        21                      SENATOR TULLY:  Yes, Mr.

        22       President.  On behalf of Senator Skelos, on page

        23       26, I offer the following amendments to Calendar











                                                             
5091

         1       Number 260, Senate Print Number 2337, and ask

         2       that said bill retain its place on the Third

         3       Reading Calendar.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:

         5       Amendments are received and adopted.  The bill

         6       will retain its place on the Third Reading

         7       Calendar.

         8                      Senator Tully.

         9                      SENATOR TULLY:  Mr. President.

        10       On behalf of Senator Cook, on page 34, I offer

        11       the following amendments to Calendar Number 431,

        12       Senate Print Number 565, and ask that said bill

        13       retain its place on the Third Reading Calendar.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:

        15       Amendments to Calendar Number 431 are received

        16       and adopted.  The bill will retain its place on

        17       the Third Reading Calendar.

        18                      Senator Tully.

        19                      SENATOR TULLY:  Mr. President.

        20       On behalf of Senator Velella, on page 35, I

        21       offer the following amendments to Calendar

        22       Number 439, Senate Print Number 3453, and ask

        23       that said bill retain its place on the Third











                                                             
5092

         1       Reading Calendar.

         2                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:

         3       Amendments to Calendar Number 439 are received

         4       and adopted.  The bill will retain its place on

         5       the Third Reading Calendar.

         6                      Senator Larkin.

         7                      SENATOR LARKIN:  Mr. President.

         8       I'd like to remove a sponsor star from Calendar

         9       Number 198, Senate Bill 2655A.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Sponsor

        11       star is removed from Calendar Number 198.

        12                      Senator Wright.

        13                      SENATOR WRIGHT:  Mr. President.

        14       On behalf of Senator Stafford, please place a

        15       sponsor star on Calendar Number 491.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Calendar

        17       Number 491 is starred at the request of the

        18       sponsor.

        19                      Senator Wright.

        20                      SENATOR WRIGHT:  Mr. President.

        21       On behalf of Senator Skelos, please place a

        22       sponsor star on Calendars Number 564 and 588.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Sponsor











                                                             
5093

         1       stars placed on Calendar Number 564 and -

         2                      SENATOR WRIGHT:  588.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  588.

         4                      SENATOR WRIGHT:  Thank you, Mr.

         5       President.

         6                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         7       Bruno.

         8                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President.  I

         9       believe there is a resolution at the desk by

        10       Senator Marchi.  I would ask that it be read in

        11       its entirety and move for its immediate

        12       adoption.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        14       will read the privileged resolution by Senator

        15       Marchi in its entirety.

        16                      THE SECRETARY:  By Senator

        17       Marchi, Legislative Resolution, commemorating

        18       the celebration of the anniversary of the 93rd

        19       birthday of the revered Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi

        20       Menachem M. Schneerson.

        21                      Whereas, World Jewry is now

        22       celebrating the anniversary of the 93rd birthday

        23       of the revered leader Rabbi Menachem M.











                                                             
5094

         1       Schneerson, the Lubavitcher Rebbe; and

         2                      Whereas, the Lubavitcher Rebbe,

         3       over his 44 years of dedicated leadership,

         4       established over 1500 Lubavitch Centers, helping

         5       people of all walks of life throughout the

         6       world, from Australia to Africa, from Holland to

         7       Argentina, from Moscow to Jerusalem; and

         8                      Whereas, Rabbi Schneerson's

         9       educational activities throughout the globe

        10       enriched and strengthened the religious,

        11       educational, cultural, moral and ethical fibers

        12       of all citizens of the world; and

        13                      Whereas, the Rebbe proclaimed

        14       that the time of redemption has arrived and

        15       Moshiach is on his way; and

        16                      Whereas, the Lubavitcher Rebbe

        17       called upon all citizens of the world to prepare

        18       for the great redemption with a personal

        19       commitment to increase in charity and good

        20       deeds; now, therefore, be it.

        21                      Resolved, that this Legislative

        22       Body proclaim the period from April 11, 1995,

        23       corresponding to the 11th of Nissan, 5755, the











                                                             
5095

         1       Rebbe's 92nd birthday to July 12, 1995,

         2       corresponding to the 14th day of Tammuz, as "New

         3       York State 93 Days of Education", as a special

         4       tribute to the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem

         5       M. Schneerson, Shlita; and be it further

         6                      Resolved, that a copy of this

         7       resolution, suitably engrossed, be transmitted

         8       to the Lubavitch movement, together with sincere

         9       best wishes for success in all their endeavors.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Chair

        11       recognizes Senator Marchi on the resolution.

        12                      SENATOR MARCHI:  Mr. President.

        13       To reexamine my own personal genesis with the

        14       Rebbe and with Rabbi Butman and so many members

        15       of the congregation, I go back a period of

        16       perhaps 25 years ago when I had the privilege of

        17       a one-on-one dialogue with him, and Rabbi Butman

        18       assures me that perhaps it was one of the

        19       longest periods that anyone ever enjoyed in

        20       colloquy with a man of his stature and his

        21       spiritual grandeur; and it was, indeed, an

        22       exciting experience because he represented and

        23       he represents by all those who can identify with











                                                             
5096

         1       the feelings that have been expressed in the

         2       resolution the enormous -- the enormous

         3       significance it has to mankind in terms of the

         4       dignity of each and every individual.

         5                      The vast majority of mankind at

         6       that time was pursuing animism, worshipping

         7       rock, stones, the sun or the earth or whatever,

         8       but we did not have a beginning of civilization

         9       until the appreciation and the commitment was

        10       made to the spiritual autonomy of the

        11       individual.  We were emancipated as men and

        12       women.  We were emancipated as members of that

        13       great society, creatures of God, by virtue of

        14       the spiritual significance, communicating from

        15       the individual, a cosmos, with the singularity

        16       that is not communicable except by desire and by

        17       prayer, a thinking that changed the face of the

        18       planet; and this call here speaks of and urges

        19       the great redemptive effect that is implicit in

        20       the message that is shared with us.

        21                      The Rebbe was a great student of

        22       Maimonides, who again reexpressed the

        23       Aristotelian underpinnings and philosophy and











                                                             
5097

         1       kept it intact and gave it its greatest voice,

         2       its greatest significance.  A native of Cordoba,

         3       he was a precursor to those who are in the

         4       scholastic tradition in the Christian religions

         5       of Thomas Aquinas scholasticism, a rich -- a

         6       rich cultural and spiritual resource.  Mortimer

         7       Adler, who was the editor of the last

         8       Britannica, was a scholastic, as was Robert

         9       Hutchings; and so much of our feeling in the

        10       religions that are assembled here and

        11       represented in various manifestations, Rabbi

        12       Schneerson gave it force and effect, 1500

        13       schools throughout the world carrying that

        14       message of redemptive effort.

        15                      A man of sophistication, just in

        16       talking with him and communicating with him, you

        17       saw that you immediately felt the presence of

        18       someone who has a greatness about him, a

        19       greatness that came from God, and he shared it

        20       so well with myself or countless people

        21       throughout the world who were affected by his

        22       message.

        23                      So we are pleased.  It's an











                                                             
5098

         1       annual exercise, Rabbi Butman, but we are

         2       honored every time you come here.  I wish our

         3       mechanics and our logistics, notwithstanding

         4       budgets and other factors of life, this is

         5       important.  This is what is really important in

         6       life.  Why are we here?  What is our purpose in

         7       life?  When we have solved that, everything else

         8       seems to recede into it's proper perspective

         9       because that is what counts.  That is what is

        10       meaningful.

        11                      And your presence, sir, and the

        12       presence of your colleagues does us honor, and

        13       your call and your exhortation for this Senate

        14       and this body -- and you have had that

        15       experience with the Assembly -- has to help us

        16       all, and we are grateful and we thank you.

        17                      I ask for the passage of this

        18       resolution.

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        20       question is on the resolution all those in favor

        21       signify by saying aye.

        22                      (Response of "Aye.")

        23                      Opposed, nay.











                                                             
5099

         1                      (There was no response.)

         2                      The resolution is unanimously

         3       adopted.

         4                      Senator Bruno.

         5                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Can we open up

         6       the resolution, add anyone in the chamber, and I

         7       would think that would be unanimous, that would

         8       like to be added to that resolution.

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        10       Bruno, if it is to be handled as we have handled

        11       matters like this in the past, we will put

        12       everybody on the resolution at your request

        13       except for those people who do not want to be on

        14       the resolution.  If they would signify it to the

        15       desk that they don't want to be on the

        16       resolution before we conclude this session,

        17       we'll handle it that way.

        18                      Thank you, Senator Bruno.

        19                      Senator Sears.

        20                      Chair recognizes Senator Sears.

        21                      SENATOR SEARS:  Mr. President.  I

        22       wish to call up Calendar Number 499, Assembly

        23       Print Number 2471A.











                                                             
5100

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         2       will read.

         3                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar 499, by

         4       Member of the Assembly Lafayette, Assembly Print

         5       2741A, an act to amend the Personal Property

         6       Law, in relation to a buyer's right to cancel a

         7       telephone sale.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         9       Sears.

        10                      SENATOR SEARS:  I now move to

        11       reconsider the vote by which this Assembly bill

        12       was the substituted for my bill, Senate Print

        13       Number 1663A, on April the 26th, 1995.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        15       Secretary will call the roll on reconsideration.

        16                      (The Secretary called the roll on

        17       reconsideration.)

        18                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 48.

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        20       is before the house.

        21                      Senator Sears.

        22                      SENATOR SEARS:  I now move that

        23       Assembly Bill Number 2471A be recommitted to the











                                                             
5101

         1       Committee on Consumers Protection and my Senate

         2       bill be restored to the order of Second Report

         3       Calendar.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

         5       Assembly bill is recommitted; Senate bill is

         6       substituted on Second Calendar.

         7                      Senator Bruno, we have two

         8       substitutions at the desk if you'd like to deal

         9       with those at the present time.

        10                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Please make the

        11       substitutions.

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        13       will read.

        14                      THE SECRETARY:  On page number 4,

        15       Senator Maltese moves to discharge, from the

        16       Committee on Elections, Assembly Bill Number

        17       4959 and substitute it for the identical bill,

        18       Calendar 602.

        19                      On page 20, Senator Volker moves

        20       to discharge, from the Committee on Higher

        21       Education, Assembly Bill Number 2444 and

        22       substitute it for the identical Third Reading

        23       Calendar 103.











                                                             
5102

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Without

         2       objection, substitutions are ordered.

         3                      Senator Bruno, that brings us to

         4       the calendar.

         5                      SENATOR BRUNO:  And now, Mr.

         6       President, can we take up the noncontroversial

         7       calendar.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         9       will read the noncontroversial calendar.

        10                      THE SECRETARY:  On page 19,

        11       Calendar Number 65, by Senator Kuhl, Senate

        12       Print 1475, an act to amend the Agriculture and

        13       Markets Law and the Vehicle and Traffic Law, in

        14       relation to exempting farm vehicles.

        15                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Lay it aside.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Lay the

        17       bill aside.

        18                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        19       120, by Senator Levy, Senate Print 334A, an act

        20       to amend the Public Authorities Law, in relation

        21       to the recommendations made by the Metropolitan

        22       Transportation Authority Inspector General.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary











                                                             
5103

         1       will read the last section.

         2                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

         3       act shall take effect immediately.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         5       roll.

         6                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

         7                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 53.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

         9       is passed.

        10                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        11       156.

        12                      SENATOR LEVY:  Lay it aside at

        13       the request of the Comptroller for the day.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Lay the

        15       bill aside for the day.

        16                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        17       199, by Senator DeFrancisco, Senate Print 1969,

        18       an act to amend the Family Court Act, in

        19       relation to notice provided to noncustodial

        20       parent.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        22       will read the last section.

        23                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This











                                                             
5104

         1       act shall take effect immediately.

         2                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         3       roll.

         4                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

         5                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 53.

         6                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

         7       is passed.

         8                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

         9       202, by Senator Saland, Senate Print 2117, an

        10       act to amend the Family Court Act, in relation

        11       to procedures for the temporary removal of a

        12       child with consent.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        14       will read the last section.

        15                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

        16       act shall take effect on the 90th day.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        18       roll.

        19                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        20                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 54.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        22       is passed.

        23                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number











                                                             
5105

         1       203, by Member of the Assembly Sanders, Assembly

         2       Print 3749, an act to amend the Social Services

         3       Law, in relation to persons required to report

         4       cases of suspected child abuse or maltreatment.

         5                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         6       will read the last section.

         7                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

         8       act shall take effect on the 90th day.

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        10       roll.

        11                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        12                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 54.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        14       is passed.

        15                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        16       244, by Senator Rath, Senate Print 1102A, an act

        17       authorizing the Education Department to

        18       apportion certain transportation aid to the

        19       Amherst Central School District.

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  There is

        21       a local fiscal impact note at the desk.

        22                      Secretary will read the last

        23       section.











                                                             
5106

         1                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

         2       act shall take effect immediately.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         4       roll.

         5                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

         6                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 54.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

         8       is passed.

         9                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        10       336, by Senator Kuhl, Senate Print 3668, an act

        11       to amend the Agriculture and Markets Law, in

        12       relation to improving the agricultural districts

        13       program.

        14                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Lay it aside.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Lay the

        16       bill aside.

        17                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        18       356, by Senator Trunzo, Senate Print 3628, an

        19       act to amend the Education Law, in relation to a

        20       tax deferred annuity program under the board of

        21       education retirement system.

        22                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Lay it aside.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Lay the











                                                             
5107

         1       bill aside.

         2                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

         3       357, by Senator Trunzo, Senate Print 3653, an

         4       act to amend the Retirement and Social Security

         5       Law, in relation to permitting pensioners who

         6       enter into a marriage following retirement.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         8       will read the last section.

         9                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 5.  This

        10       act shall take effect immediately.

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        12       roll.

        13                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        14                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 54.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        16       is passed.

        17                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        18       377, by Senator Levy, Senate Print 3941A, an act

        19       to amend the Education Law, in relation to

        20       directing the Commissioner of Education to

        21       include rules concerning the maximum speeds of

        22       school vehicles.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary











                                                             
5108

         1       will read the last section.

         2                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Lay it aside.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Lay the

         4       bill aside at the request of Senator Dollinger.

         5                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar 389, by

         6       Senator Volker, Senate Print 3179, an act to

         7       amend the Penal Law, in relation to offenses

         8       regarding unauthorized recordings.

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        10       will read the last section.

        11                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 9.  This

        12       act shall take effect on the first day of

        13       November.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        15       roll.

        16                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        17                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 54.

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        19       is passed.

        20                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        21       393, by Senator Farley, Senate Print 2729, an

        22       act to amend the Civil Service Law and other

        23       laws, relating to service in the Merchant











                                                             
5109

         1       Marine.

         2                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         3       will read the last section.

         4                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 16.  This

         5       act shall take effect immediately.

         6                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         7       roll.

         8                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

         9                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 54.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        11       is passed.

        12                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        13       397, by Senator Lack, Senate Print 3632, an act

        14       to amend the Public Authorities Law, in relation

        15       to authorizing the Dormitory Authority to

        16       construct and finance all necessary and related

        17       facilities for the Rosalind and Joseph Gurwin

        18       Jewish Geriatric Center.

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        20       will read the last section.

        21                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 3.  This

        22       act shall take effect immediately.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the











                                                             
5110

         1       roll.

         2                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

         3                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 54.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

         5       is passed.

         6                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

         7       413, by Senator Levy, Senate Print 4048, an act

         8       to amend the Vehicle and Traffic Law and Chapter

         9       713 of the Laws of 1988, amending the Vehicle

        10       and Traffic Law, relating to the ignition inter

        11       lock device program.

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        13       will read the last section.

        14                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 5.  This

        15       act shall take effect immediately.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        17       roll.

        18                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        19                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 54.

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        21       is passed.

        22                      Senator Bruno, that completes the

        23       noncontroversial calendar.











                                                             
5111

         1                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President.

         2       Can we now take up the controversial calendar.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         4       will read the controversial calendar.

         5                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

         6       65, by Senator Kuhl, Senate Print 1475, an act

         7       to amend the Agricultural and Markets Law and

         8       the Vehicle and Traffic Law, in relation to

         9       exempting farm vehicles from motor vehicle

        10       financial security.

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        12       Senator Kuhl, there's been a request for an

        13       explanation of Senate Bill 3668 -- excuse me.

        14       I'm sorry, Calendar 65.

        15                      SENATOR KUHL:  Thank you, Mr.

        16       President.  This bill is really very simple in

        17       the proposal.  The State of New York several

        18       years ago adopted what's commonly referred to as

        19       "farm plate registration legislation."  This

        20       particular section of the law that's been in

        21       existence, as I said, for several years allows

        22       for those vehicles which are used by our farmers

        23       on a very limited basis throughout different











                                                             
5112

         1       parts of the year, generally during the initial

         2       planting and then during the harvesting process,

         3       over a span of about three or four or five

         4       months of the year within certain limited kind

         5       of circumstances.

         6                      What we did last year was we

         7       attempted to bring them into certain kinds of

         8       regulations that the federal government was

         9       suggesting for safety purposes, and one of the

        10       portions of the bill that we adopted last year

        11       was specifically to require them to provide

        12       liability insurance on those vehicles which had

        13       never been required before.  What this bill does

        14       is attempt to correct that imposition of a

        15       mandate on those people out there who are really

        16       not causing any particular difficulty and were,

        17       for the most part, insured under general

        18       liability policies to be able to go back to that

        19       particular position that they found themselves

        20       in prior to January of this year when the bill

        21       that we had passed last year took effect.

        22                      What we have found is that, in

        23       many cases, the insurance that is being











                                                             
5113

         1       required, the premium, is actually more than

         2       what the vehicle is actually worth, and we're

         3       also finding that there is a very difficult time

         4       for many farmers to find the availability of

         5       this insurance, so it puts our farmers in a

         6       position where they're asked to violate the law

         7       if they are going to continue to provide a

         8       service and an occupation to this state.

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        10       Senator Paterson.

        11                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Mr.

        12       President.  Would Senator Kuhl yield for a

        13       question?

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        15       Will you yield, Senator Kuhl?

        16                      SENATOR KUHL:  I would be happy

        17       to, Mr. President.

        18                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Thank you,

        19       Senator Kuhl.  The New York State Trial Lawyers

        20       Association has a memorandum in opposition, and

        21       it is their position and their memorandum that

        22       the passing of the 1994 legislation to which you

        23       just referred had the explicit understanding











                                                             
5114

         1       that there would be a mandatory -- minimum

         2       liability insurance would be quid pro quo.  Is

         3       that your understanding?

         4                      SENATOR KUHL:  I'm not the

         5       beneficiary of that memorandum, so I don't know

         6       what they specifically said.  But it was not my

         7       recollection that they were involved in

         8       negotiations of the bill last year, Senator, so

         9       I don't know that that was one of the premises

        10       under which the bill was passed.

        11                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Thank you,

        12       Senator.

        13                      Mr. President, if Senator Kuhl

        14       would continue to yield.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        16       Senator Kuhl, will you continue to yield?

        17                      SENATOR KUHL:  I would be happy

        18       to, Mr. President.

        19                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Senator Kuhl,

        20       in your remarks just then -- and I may have

        21       missed this, so I am really just asking for a

        22       clarification -- you said that we are making

        23       some corrections in this legislation to comply











                                                             
5115

         1       with the federal standards.  The federal

         2       standards, though, don't apply to removing the

         3       minimum liability insurance, do they?

         4                      SENATOR KUHL:  They do not.  They

         5       do not.  The standards, Senator, for the benefit

         6       of your information -- as I understand it, the

         7       standards that were set out, primarily, were not

         8       aimed at the farm vehicle exemption.

         9                      As a matter of fact, there is a

        10       provision in the statute, as I understand it,

        11       that would allow this state to totally exempt

        12       farm-plated registered vehicles.  That was not

        13       the decision of this state to do that under the

        14       former administration.  So the only availability

        15       to try to lessen the burden of the

        16       implementation of those requirements was by

        17       legislative activity which took two years for us

        18       to bring about and that occurred last year.

        19                      One of the instances which we

        20       prior thought would not cause a problem to our

        21       farming community was the requirement for this

        22       financial security through insurance

        23       provisions.  We are now finding out that that











                                                             
5116

         1       was not true, that that is causing tremendous

         2       financial hardship to many of our farmers, and

         3       there really is no basis by which we're finding

         4       that there is the need for that.

         5                      When you look at the accident

         6       rates -- and that's the reason for the federal

         7       legislation was to try to cut down and make the

         8       travel on our highways safer -- you find that

         9       the farming community is far less susceptible to

        10       having accidents, particularly as they relate to

        11       the farm-plated registrations.  I think the

        12       average rate is something like -- of the

        13       registered motor vehicle operators in this

        14       state, roughly 5 percent of them on an annual

        15       basis have an accident.  What we found

        16       statistically was something like .15 percent of

        17       the farm-plated vehicles had accidents of one

        18       nature or another, and most of them were less

        19       than severe.

        20                      So that the coverage that was

        21       previously provided by the general liability

        22       policies that most farmers had we're finding was

        23       more than sufficient and there wasn't the real











                                                             
5117

         1       need for a specific requirement for each one of

         2       these farm-plated registered vehicles to have

         3       its own separate insurance policy.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

         5       Senator Paterson.

         6                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Thank you, Mr.

         7       President.  If Senator Kuhl will continue to

         8       yield.

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        10       Senator Kuhl, will you continue to yield?

        11                      SENATOR KUHL:  I would be happy

        12       to.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        14       Senator Paterson.

        15                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Well, Senator,

        16       I can understand why you wrote this

        17       legislation.  If by my quick calculations an

        18       accident from a farm-plated vehicle being the

        19       source occurs 1/34th the time that a regular

        20       registered vehicle does, then I can see why you

        21       would want to make the change.

        22                      But just so that we have an

        23       understanding here, one of the comments that you











                                                             
5118

         1       made previously was that the -- often, the

         2       insurance costs more than the vehicle itself;

         3       and I just wanted to suggest, and see what you

         4       thought about this, that there are plenty of

         5       vehicles around the state in which the insurance

         6       probably costs more than the vehicle, but I

         7       don't think that the cost of the vehicle

         8       necessarily relates to the insurance.

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:  Is

        10       there a question, Senator Paterson?

        11                      SENATOR PATERSON:  I wanted to

        12       know if that was not the case.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        14       Senator Kuhl.

        15                      SENATOR KUHL:  I really haven't

        16       looked at the other areas of the state and the

        17       actual value of vehicles and the cost of the

        18       premiums as it relates to a comparison with the

        19       farm-plated vehicles.  I simply brought that up

        20       because I thought that Senator Paterson has been

        21       more than kind to us in the past to give us what

        22       I would call very significant pieces of

        23       information relative to history of the state and











                                                             
5119

         1       things of that nature, so I wanted him to be

         2       fully informed with the factual information

         3       behind this, and I thought that would be a nice

         4       piece of information that he would like to know.

         5                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

         6       Senator Paterson.

         7                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Thank you, Mr.

         8       President.  I am enlightened, and if Senator

         9       Kuhl would continue to yield.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        11       Senator Kuhl?

        12                      SENATOR KUHL:  Yes, I continue to

        13       yield.

        14                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Senator, I

        15       think you perhaps addressed most of this issue

        16       by arguing the frequency of accidents, and so I

        17       can understand that -- I guess these vehicles

        18       don't travel on the regular roadways that much,

        19       and they occupy most of their time, actually, on

        20       farmland.  But there is a little bit of a

        21       concern because, when they are on the regular

        22       roads, they observe the regular speed limit and

        23       the fact that since they travel at a slow speed











                                                             
5120

         1       from time to time that can actually be somewhat

         2       of a hazard to other motorists.

         3                      From what you are saying, that

         4       has not resulted in very many accidents if

         5       it's .15 percent of the total number of

         6       farm-plated vehicles that actually exist.

         7                      What I think I'm really a little

         8       bit afraid of is not, perhaps, the ambit and

         9       scope of the legislation that you've issued in

        10       this particular case but where it might actually

        11       wind up.  In other words, that any kind of

        12       vehicular owner that can document some way that

        13       they are not as hazardous or they are not

        14       operating a vehicle that's as hazardous as

        15       others can now carve out in our state Insurance

        16       Law somewhat of a niche, so to speak, so that

        17       they can reduce their minimum insurance

        18       coverage.

        19                      I guess all this has to end in a

        20       question somewhere, Senator Kuhl; and as I

        21       continue to think of one, I just wanted to ask

        22       you whether you think that this is the limit of

        23       the legislation, or do you think this opens the











                                                             
5121

         1       door for, perhaps, passage of legislation that

         2       would actually impede those who become victims

         3       of accidents from receiving insurance coverage?

         4                      SENATOR KUHL:  Senator Paterson,

         5       I would not be nervous about the setting of

         6       precedent and then opening the door to other

         7       groups coming in and asking to be relieved of

         8       the financial security commitment; and I say

         9       that because that has been the law in the State

        10       of New York that farm-plated vehicles have not

        11       had to have specific liability coverage for them

        12       until we passed a bill that became effective in

        13       January, just three months ago, of this year.

        14                      What I would say to you, just

        15       statistically, Senator Paterson -- this would be

        16       according to my statistics that we had for the

        17       last year where all the data has been

        18       accumulated -- there were something like -- just

        19       slightly less than 26,000 registered farm-plated

        20       vehicles.  Now, these are vehicles like a big

        21       old dump truck that's going to carry watermelons

        22       from the field back to the farm so that they

        23       then can be moved to a big 18-wheeler transport











                                                             
5122

         1       commercial operator that's going to take these

         2       to market whether it's in New York City or

         3       Chicago or Florida, wherever it happens to be.

         4       There is a specific limit that these vehicles

         5       have to plot out.  They have to file a statement

         6       as to where they travel.  They are limited as to

         7       the mileage from the base farm where they can

         8       go.

         9                      And what we're looking at is a

        10       way of trying to, as we have with regard to the

        11       compliance -- with some of the equipment

        12       compliance rules that we have -- we have

        13       vehicles that, for instance, drive down into a

        14       field.  They get involved in the mud and in

        15       getting out of the mud, all of a sudden a brake

        16       light or something like that is broken away, or

        17       a bumper or something like that.  Well, the

        18       minute they come back on the road, they're in

        19       violation.  But there's no way for them to get

        20       back to where it's to be repaired without being

        21       in violation, so the farm plate registration was

        22       put into place so that there would be minor

        23       kinds of variances from, say, the requirements











                                                             
5123

         1       that would allow them to operate, operate

         2       efficiently without causing them great

         3       impediment.

         4                      That's what this is all about.

         5       As I say, I'm not worried about this bringing

         6       about an onslaught of trying to vary the actual

         7       financial insurance regulatory controls.  See,

         8       what you have to think about is from the other

         9       side.

        10                      I know the trial lawyers would

        11       like to say -- well, they'd like to have this

        12       big pot of money out there that they can sue, so

        13       that when they sue and they get their one-third

        14       contingency fee that they know they're going to

        15       get money from an insurance company.  Okay.

        16                      Keep this thought in mind.  If,

        17       in fact, that insurance policy is not in place,

        18       who ends up bearing the financial

        19       responsibility?  The farmer himself.  He will,

        20       if they don't carry the insurance policy -- and

        21       most of them do in some general liability form.

        22       If they don't have that, then what do they put

        23       up for the offering if they are negligent to the











                                                             
5124

         1       point that they're going to have a recovery or a

         2       judgment granted against them?  They put up the

         3       farm.  Most of these people are not willing to

         4       lose their farm over something like this.  So

         5       they will either provide the coverage or, in

         6       fact, they will provide the farm as an

         7       alternative.

         8                      Now, most of these people don't

         9       go out to violate the law; and, as I said, out

        10       of those 26,000 registered, there were 39

        11       accidents in 1991.  So it's a relatively small

        12       piece of what we're dealing with here.

        13                      And what we're trying to do is

        14       take this back to the way it was four months ago

        15       and allow it to operate.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        17       Senator Paterson.

        18                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Thank you very

        19       much, Mr. President.  I believe that Senator

        20       Leichter would like to be recognized.

        21                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Mr. President.

        22                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        23       Senator Leichter.











                                                             
5125

         1                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  If Senator

         2       Kuhl would yield, please.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

         4       Senator Kuhl, do you yield?

         5                      SENATOR KUHL:  I will be happy to

         6       yield to Senator Leichter.

         7                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  I have been

         8       listening very carefully to your very articulate

         9       answers to the questions that Senator Paterson

        10       asked, and some of the things you said just

        11       piqued my interest on this bill.

        12                      If I understand what you're

        13       saying is that many of the farmers that own

        14       these farm vehicles presently carry

        15       comprehensive liability insurance.  Is that

        16       correct?

        17                      SENATOR KUHL:  That's my

        18       understanding, Senator.

        19                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Now, if they

        20       carry that insurance, doesn't that meet the

        21       requirement of this law -

        22                      SENATOR KUHL:  No.

        23                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  -- that they











                                                             
5126

         1       be insured?

         2                      SENATOR KUHL:  No.  Because it

         3       says each specific farm-plated registered

         4       vehicle has to have an insurance policy on it

         5       not a general comprehensive.  That's the mistake

         6       we made, Senator.

         7                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Okay.

         8                      SENATOR KUHL:  That's the mistake

         9       we made that we're trying to correct through

        10       this legislation.

        11                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Senator, if I

        12       carry comprehensive insurance and now the law

        13       requires that that is not sufficient but that

        14       I've got to cover each of my vehicles, the

        15       additional cost must be minimal because the

        16       essential nature of the coverage really doesn't

        17       change.  If you carry comprehensive insurance,

        18       you are engaged in an accident, I assume the

        19       insurance is written in such a way that it would

        20       cover that accident.

        21                      But now we say each vehicle has

        22       to have its own insurance policy.  But I would

        23       assume the limits -- in fact, it's clear,











                                                             
5127

         1       because the limits are very minimal, as you

         2       know, that the limits are certainly less than

         3       what the general coverage is.  All you've got to

         4       do is specify each vehicle.  That, to my mind,

         5       can not conceivably increase the premium by very

         6       much, if at all.

         7                      SENATOR KUHL:  I'm not so sure

         8       that your assumption is correct, Senator.

         9                      The information that I have been

        10       given is that when you start to go away from the

        11       general liability policy and you have a law,

        12       which we adopted in this house last year, and

        13       provide specifically that each farm-plated

        14       registered vehicle will have its own policy, now

        15       you start to deal with issues like, "Who drives

        16       these vehicles?"  Okay.

        17                      We have -- we have -- and the

        18       farming community had a great deal of difficulty

        19       getting help.  It's been a major issue, and you

        20       have, Senator, supported in the budgets that we

        21       have passed programs that essentially have

        22       allowed for training programs to bring new labor

        23       to the farming community.











                                                             
5128

         1                      What I'm saying to you is that

         2       if, in fact, an 18-year-old, 19-year-old,

         3       somebody under the age of 25, is now going to be

         4       responsible for driving this tractor with a

         5       wagon behind it with watermelons on it to the

         6       farm from the field, all of a sudden you start

         7       to get into a different kind of a

         8       classification, and the experience is showing us

         9        -- and, in fact, sometimes insurance is not

        10       available; that's number 2, but number 1 -- that

        11       the cost of providing individual insurance for

        12       each one of these vehicles that's only used on a

        13       limited basis is very expensive, and it's a new

        14       kind of cost, a mandate -- a mandate, if you

        15       will, coming from this chamber upon a lot of

        16       individuals out there that is extremely costly.

        17                      What we're trying to do is just

        18       to take us back to where we were three months

        19       ago, remove this impediment to the continuation

        20       of agricultural industry in this state and make

        21       it as it was.

        22                      We have no -- we have no reason,

        23       Senator, and that's what I'm saying here.  This











                                                             
5129

         1       is why I presented the bill.  This is not a

         2       safety issue.  That's not why it was brought

         3       up.  It's not a question of not having the

         4       resources if there is an accident.  It's a

         5       question of simply imposing a mandate that has

         6       no basis factually for initialing.

         7                      Because, again, as I reiterated

         8       to Senator Paterson, if you look at the

         9       comparative accident rates, this grouping of

        10       registered motor vehicles compared to the

        11       average motorist in this state, you will find

        12       that they are I think he said 1/34th.  I don't

        13       know whether his math is correct or not.  I

        14       assume it is.  I have never known him to distort

        15       anything at all, and I have no reason to

        16       challenge that, but it is significantly less.

        17                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Mr.

        18       President.  If Senator Kuhl will continue to

        19       yield.

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        21       Senator yield?  Senator Cook, do you yield?

        22                      SENATOR KUHL:  (There was no

        23       response.)











                                                             
5130

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:  He

         2       will yield.

         3                      SENATOR KUHL:  I will be happy

         4       to.

         5                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  I'm not an

         6       expert on insurance, and I see that Senator

         7       Velella isn't here but Senator Solomon is, and

         8       maybe they can help me.

         9                      But I have a lot of difficulty

        10       understanding the arguments that you are

        11       making.  If, in fact -- and I believe that to be

        12       the case -- farm vehicles are involved in

        13       relatively few accidents -- and the reason for

        14       that is because it's rare that they are on the

        15       road.  They are usually on the fields.  So the

        16       extent of the possible liability is rather

        17       small.  That certainly must be taken into

        18       account by the people who rate what the premium

        19       is going to be.

        20                      When you and I buy insurance,

        21       we're asked questions:  "How do you use your

        22       car?  Where do you drive it?" and so on.  If you

        23       show that you rarely drive your car, your











                                                             
5131

         1       insurance is going to be somewhat less.

         2       Somebody like you who drives it here every week,

         3       I assume that you come under a qualification -

         4       or classification that imposes rather high

         5       premiums on you.

         6                      But all of that, Senator, is also

         7       taken into account when you write the general

         8       liability insurance, the fact that the vehicle

         9       may be driven by a 17-year-old or an 18-year-old

        10       is something that is considered when they rate

        11       the general liability.

        12                      My point is that I just can't see

        13       that this particular bill imposes a much greater

        14       premium on those farmers who have the general

        15       liability.  The concern really is that some

        16       farmers do not have general liability coverage;

        17       and now, under your bill, they will not have any

        18       coverage whatsoever.

        19                      So I guess my question is, and

        20       maybe -- I don't know whether Senator Solomon

        21       will yield and whether my understanding or my

        22       guessing I should say of insurance is correct,

        23       but -











                                                             
5132

         1                      SENATOR SOLOMON:  Yes.

         2                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  But

         3       wouldn't -- Senator Solomon, if you would yield

         4       maybe to the lucidation of both Senator Kuhl and

         5       myself.  But wouldn't, as a practical matter,

         6       that if you have general liability insurance and

         7       now along comes the state Legislature and says

         8       you got to get specific insurance covering every

         9       farm vehicle that you use, that the increase

        10       such as it would be is mainly related to

        11       administrative costs of the insurance company

        12       and that, therefore, there should not be a great

        13       increase in the premium?

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        15       Senator Solomon, would you have yield to that

        16       question?

        17                      SENATOR SOLOMON:  Yes, Mr.

        18       President.

        19                      Senator Leichter, the answer is,

        20       I think, a little more complex.  I believe that

        21       in most cases general liability insurance will

        22       not cover motor vehicles.  So the question is

        23       whether or not the vehicles are even covered.











                                                             
5133

         1       You have to take a look at the policies, and I

         2       don't know what policies are purchased and what

         3       the riders are in the individual cases.

         4                      The other part of your question

         5       is, based on experience, your rates will be

         6       relatively low, based on the amount of time

         7       driven, et cetera, but you have to look at the

         8       general liability policy.

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        10       Senator Leichter.

        11                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Yes, Mr.

        12       President, just briefly on the bill.

        13                      I think Senator Solomon -- and

        14       I'm grateful to him for explaining it -- points

        15       out something that is even more serious than the

        16       point that I was trying to make which dealt just

        17       with the economics.  He points out that general

        18       liability may conceivably not cover these farm

        19       vehicles which is maybe one of the reasons that

        20       we passed last year's bill.

        21                      So that when Senator Kuhl says,

        22       "Well, you really don't need the coverage for

        23       the individual farm vehicles because most











                                                             
5134

         1       farmers are covered by general liability

         2       insurance," if Senator Solomon is correct, then

         3       that general liability insurance would not cover

         4       these farm vehicles.

         5                      Now, Senator, the fact that these

         6       vehicles are driven really very rarely and

         7       infrequently on public highways or certainly for

         8       very short distances would mean really that the

         9       amount of premium would be relatively low.

        10       Because, certainly, the insurance company takes

        11       a look at what the usage of the vehicle is.

        12                      My concern and the reason I

        13       oppose this bill is that we also have to provide

        14       some coverage, some protection for the people

        15       who are on the road; and while my experience has

        16       been -- and as you know is I have a place in the

        17       farm country -- that people who drive these farm

        18       vehicles are very careful.  They're extremely

        19       courteous.  They try to pull over so that they

        20       don't impede traffic and so on.

        21                      But every once in awhile

        22       accidents do occur, and we have to be concerned

        23       about the people that are involved in those











                                                             
5135

         1       accidents or injured as a consequence of these

         2       accidents through no fault of their own who are

         3       probably farmers also or who are people related

         4       to farmers, and we need to be concerned about

         5       their protection, too.

         6                      So I think we were right when we

         7       passed that bill last year.  I think we ought to

         8       require that farm vehicles be insured for the

         9       protection of the overall public, and I think if

        10       you look at it the cost just cannot be that

        11       great.  I don't think it is; and as Senator

        12       Paterson pointed out, many people in this state

        13       pay an insurance that is greater than the book

        14       value of their car.  My car has reached just

        15       about that point.  I hope on that occasion you

        16       will put in a bill that will provide some

        17       relief.

        18                      In all seriousness, I think we

        19       need to look at the broader public, and the

        20       public deserves the protection that the present

        21       law gives.

        22                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        23       Read the last section.











                                                             
5136

         1                      Oh, excuse me.  Senator

         2       Dollinger.

         3                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Mr.

         4       President.  Would Senator Kuhl yield to just one

         5       question on this to make -- make sure I

         6       understand it?

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

         8       Senator Kuhl, will you yield?

         9                      SENATOR KUHL:  Absolutely.

        10                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  So I

        11       understand this bill, through you, Mr.

        12       President.

        13                      This requires that before the

        14       license of a farm vehicle be issued we now

        15       require that they have vehicle coverage in order

        16       to get the license plate?  Is that what is

        17       currently required by law in this state?

        18                      SENATOR KUHL:  Procedurally,

        19       Senator Dollinger, I don't know that I can

        20       answer that.  All I can tell you is the law

        21       requires now that a farm-plated vehicle that's

        22       registered that it have a specific insurance

        23       policy that names that vehicle.  Now, as to











                                                             
5137

         1       whether or not you can get a license before and

         2       you have to show proof of insurance, I can't

         3       tell you what the procedural aspects of that is.

         4                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  The reason

         5       why I asked -- on the bill, Mr. President -- the

         6       actual text of the bill makes reference to the

         7       fact that they are registered pursuant to

         8       Section 13 -- Subdivision 13 of Section 401 of

         9       the Vehicle and Traffic Law, and I assume the

        10       reason why this problem came up was because they

        11       were looking for renewal of licenses, and the

        12       state has denied them the renewal of those

        13       licenses until they present, like every other

        14       motor vehicle would in this state, evidence of

        15       insurance coverage for the vehicle.

        16                      Through you, Mr. President.  That

        17       wasn't really posed as a question; but if

        18       Senator Kuhl has information on that, I'd

        19       appreciate it.

        20                      SENATOR KUHL:  If I may respond

        21       to that statement.

        22                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        23       Senator Kuhl.











                                                             
5138

         1                      SENATOR KUHL:  I don't believe

         2       that that's necessarily true, Senator

         3       Dollinger.  We have -- as I mentioned, in 1991,

         4       there were roughly 26,000 registered farm

         5       vehicles.  What we have done, because this law

         6       now has taken in effect in January -- I'm sure

         7       that there were other registered vehicles whose

         8       registration was already in effect, and now what

         9       we're doing is saying to these people who have

        10       registered vehicles who have not had to have

        11       specific insurance policies naming those

        12       vehicles that, in fact, they have to have this

        13       insurance.

        14                      These people -- I know some of

        15       them have gone out to the insurance marketplace,

        16       have sought out insurance and have had great,

        17       great difficulty in finding a company that would

        18       write the policy.  Now, in one aspect we have

        19       put one segment of this society in a position

        20       that they, in fact, have gone out to get

        21       insurance; they can't get it; so now what do you

        22       do?  Do you continue utilizing that farm vehicle

        23       when you know it's registered properly and has











                                                             
5139

         1       been except that you haven't provided the

         2       insurance?  Or do you take it off the road

         3       because you can't get insurance -- "road" so to

         4       speak, from the farm field to the farm -- and

         5       not use it so that it sits there as an item, an

         6       asset, which has no value?

         7                      That's one aspect.  Certainly,

         8       there are others, and also those people who have

         9       newly acquired farm vehicles who are looking to

        10       go out and comply to this.  But I can't speak to

        11       whether or not these people have been denied a

        12       registration because they haven't provided the

        13       actual little insurance rider that says, "I have

        14       insurance".

        15                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Mr.

        16       President, on the bill.  I'm going to vote

        17       against this bill.  I favor the concept of

        18       expanding liability coverage for vehicles that

        19       are out on the road.  I think the one danger,

        20       and Senator Kuhl, I think, hit it right on the

        21       head -- I mean the dilemma is, if you don't have

        22       coverage, you put your own personal assets at

        23       risk if there is an accident, and one of the











                                                             
5140

         1       things we have done in this state through

         2       mandatory insurance laws is that we don't put a

         3       plaintiff, an injured party, in the position of

         4       having to take your farm as a way to settle his

         5       or her claim.  There is liability insurance

         6       available from which there is a pot of money

         7       that will allow the plaintiff to be compensated

         8       without putting them in a position of having to

         9       take over a dairy farm or a truck farm in order

        10       to recover a proper return.

        11                      So I generally favor the

        12       expansion of mandatory motor vehicle

        13       indemnification, and I also favor that with

        14       respect to other operations, including dram

        15       shops, so -

        16                      I think this is a step backward,

        17       and I am going to be voting in the negative.

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        19       Senator Johnson.

        20                      SENATOR JOHNSON:  Mr. President.

        21       I have been listening to this debate.  I felt I

        22       could contribute to it, but I didn't really want

        23       to intervene, but I think it's pretty obvious











                                                             
5141

         1       that we need somebody who knows a little more

         2       about the procedures, both with insurance and

         3       farm operations, than has been evidenced here by

         4       the debate so far.

         5                      I have operated a farm.  I worked

         6       on farms.  I have run an insurance agency and

         7       have some knowledge of the situation which we're

         8       addressing here.

         9                      Farm comprehensive liability

        10       coverage not only -- it covers all the farm

        11       operations and all the equipment of the farm,

        12       obviously.  We see farmers going down the road,

        13       towing a plow, towing a cultivator, towing some

        14       sort of a harvesting machine.  We know that they

        15       have trucks which are part of the operation.

        16       They go out in the field with a truck, load it

        17       up, bring it back to the farm.  They may have

        18       several locations on the same road.

        19                      Now, all their equipment is

        20       covered.  Whether they're plowing or planting or

        21       cultivating or harvesting, or whatever they're

        22       towing down the road from one point to the

        23       other, is covered under comprehensive general











                                                             
5142

         1       farm liability, as you can well imagine, because

         2       these farmers are not total fools.  They have

         3       assets worth $100,000 up to a million dollars,

         4       their total operation.  They are not going to

         5       put that at risk by not having any protection.

         6                      The difference is -- and, yes,

         7       you can take a farm truck.  You could go in and

         8       you can say it's a farm truck and you just hand

         9       it, give him a dollar, and they'll give you the

        10       plate.  They don't ask about insurance, because

        11       they know it's generally covered under the

        12       liability policy.

        13                      In fact, the farmers are very

        14       concerned about protecting themselves, and the

        15       only people who didn't know whether or not there

        16       was insurance, perhaps, would be the trial

        17       lawyers, and I see they're taking quite an

        18       interest in this bill.  I think it's a very

        19       inappropriate interest.  We shouldn't be

        20       concerned about other interests who want to feed

        21       off people, but we should be concerned about the

        22       farm operation, and I say that if they're smart

        23       enough to operate a farm they are probably smart











                                                             
5143

         1       enough to look out for their own interest

         2       without somebody in this chamber saying you got

         3       to buy liability insurance.

         4                      If you're going to require that

         5       on the farm truck, why not on the tractor?  Why

         6       not on the seeder?  Why not on your cow that

         7       wanders in the road or your horse and somebody

         8       runs into it and sues you because you have an

         9       animal running loose in the street?  I'm just

        10       saying all those things are already covered.

        11       Most people look out for that.

        12                      The bill last year was

        13       inappropriate.  I didn't take any particular

        14       interest in it because -- I have a personal

        15       interest.  I didn't vote against it.  I just let

        16       it go.  If that was what the sponsor thought,

        17       and the Farm Bureau and other people felt it was

        18       appropriate, I didn't speak on it.

        19                      I think I have to speak now

        20       because we're just reverting back to the

        21       situation where it was before, where there was

        22       no problem.  So we have created a problem.

        23       Let's solve the problem and support this bill.











                                                             
5144

         1                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Mr. President.

         2                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

         3       Senator Leichter.

         4                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Mr. President,

         5       would Senator Johnson yield?

         6                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

         7       Senator Johnson, will you yield?

         8                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Senator, thank

         9       you for the explanation.  You certainly

        10       clarified one point, and you obviously disagree

        11       with what Senator Solomon says; and I accept

        12       what you say, that if a farmer now has general

        13       liability coverage it will include all of the

        14       farm vehicles, including those vehicles that we

        15       are talking about.  Did I understand you

        16       correctly?

        17                      SENATOR JOHNSON:  That's correct.

        18                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Will you

        19       answer the question that I raised with Senator

        20       Kuhl; and that is, if you have that general

        21       liability insurance and now the Legislature

        22       requires that you separately insure each of your

        23       vehicles and you go to your insurance company











                                                             
5145

         1       and say, "Hey, guys, you've already insured me

         2       but now you have to specify that all three of

         3       these trucks that go in the fields and pick up

         4       watermelon have coverage," why would that

         5       increase the total amount other than the

         6       administrative expenses involved for the

         7       insurance company in writing maybe three

         8       policies or putting riders onto the general

         9       coverage that you have, the general liability

        10       coverage, to indicate that each of these

        11       vehicles is covered?

        12                      SENATOR KUHL:  Probably because

        13       it creates an underwriting problem.  Because,

        14       right now, a farm is based on the size of the

        15       farm and its operation and that premium covers

        16       everything.  They don't ask who's driving the

        17       tractor, who's planting the seeds, who's driving

        18       the hay wagon back to the farm.  There's no

        19       information on individual drivers or operators.

        20                      Then, you would have to get all

        21       that information.  You don't even know who you

        22       are going to have because they're seasonal help

        23       involved in these things.  There's equipment











                                                             
5146

         1       maybe you might borrow from a neighboring farmer

         2       that's not registered.  You can't -- when your

         3       wagon breaks down or your tractor breaks down,

         4       have you got to call your insurance company or

         5       somebody and tell them, "I'm going to change a

         6       wagon on my policy or change a tractor on my

         7       policy"?

         8                      It's very cumbersome and involved

         9       and it costs money to have people shuffle all

        10       these papers, and the result wouldn't be any

        11       different, except that you couldn't get your

        12       crop in while the rain was coming down because

        13       your equipment broke and you couldn't use

        14       someone else's, perhaps.

        15                      So I'm just saying there's a lot

        16       of complications involved in underwriting which

        17       are not present when you underwrite a policy

        18       now, which you shouldn't introduce into the

        19       equation.

        20                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Mr. President.

        21       If Senator Johnson will yield to at least one

        22       more question.

        23                      Senator, right now, when you get











                                                             
5147

         1       that general liability coverage and, as you say,

         2       you have to indicate the size of the farm, it

         3       would seem to me you would also have to indicate

         4       the number of farm vehicles that you have.

         5       Isn't that the case?

         6                      SENATOR JOHNSON:  No, it's not

         7       the case.  But if it were the case, it could be

         8       done; but I'm saying -- you would have to

         9       indicate then you get new vehicles, you take old

        10       ones off.  You know how farmers do.  A salesman

        11       gets ahold of him, "Your tractor's getting kind

        12       of old, John.  You need a new one.  Yeah, I'll

        13       give you 3,000 on this one and it's 300 a

        14       month."  And he'll say, "Okay.  Drop it off."

        15       And they'll tow your other one away, and there

        16       you go.

        17                      So I mean it's a lot simpler

        18       operation now under the insurance than it would

        19       be if you have to name the equipment and the

        20       drivers and everything else.  That's what I'm

        21       saying, Senator.  Maybe they would tell you, "We

        22       don't want any 17-year-olds driving."  Well, the

        23       17-year-olds are doing all the work on the farms











                                                             
5148

         1       in the summer.  Then they wouldn't be able to do

         2       that, for example, and don't quote me on the

         3       age.  It could be 18, but I'm saying you don't

         4       have a steady crew all year long because you

         5       plant in the spring, you harvest in the fall,

         6       and the rest of the time you push the snow

         7       around in your yard.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

         9       Senator Leichter.

        10                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Thank you,

        11       Senator Johnson.  I just want to point out

        12       again, if I understood what Senator Johnson said

        13       and boiling it down to its essential, it does

        14       become a matter solely of administration and

        15       maybe some additional work for the farmers for

        16       those -- and that's probably 90 percent -- who

        17       have general liability coverage, so they are

        18       really not bothered by this bill except they

        19       maybe have to do some additional work.

        20                      But the problem that we tried to

        21       address last year and the hole that you are

        22       going to create if you pass this bill is that

        23       those farmers who don't have the general











                                                             
5149

         1       liability coverage then will be totally

         2       uninsured, and that leaves the public at risk,

         3       and that, I think, is the problem that I see

         4       with this bill.

         5                      Additionally, as Senator

         6       Dollinger points out, you know, to say to

         7       people, "Well, they've always got the family

         8       farm; you can go and try to execute your

         9       judgment against them on the family farm," I

        10       don't think that's an answer.  I think the

        11       public needs protection.

        12                      SENATOR JOHNSON:  Senator, you

        13       may not recall, it was not too many years ago

        14       when there was no liability insurance required

        15       for automobiles, and people bought coverage,

        16       most responsible people -- who had something at

        17       risk, that's true.  Other people will have to

        18       pursue the common law remedy that they've always

        19       had of going to court and suing the responsible

        20       person.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        22       Senator Leichter.

        23                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Senator











                                                             
5150

         1       Johnson, just -- since I take it sort of that

         2       was a question to me.  You're right.  We had no

         3       liability insurance, and there were people who

         4       suffered terrible injuries and damage and

         5       economic loss, and they were unable to recover.

         6       There were responsible people like you, Senator

         7       Johnson, that always carried insurance and so

         8       on; but you and I know that a certain percentage

         9       of the population did not; and the same thing,

        10       I'm sure, must be true about farm vehicles, and

        11       I think we have an obligation to protect the

        12       public; and when the costs, as I think I

        13       established through my questions to you and to

        14       Senator Kuhl, are relatively minor, it seems to

        15       me that the balance really falls in favor of

        16       protecting the public.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        18       Senator Johnson?

        19                      (There was no response.)

        20                      Okay.  Read the last section.

        21                      Excuse me.  Senator Hoffmann.

        22                      SENATOR HOFFMANN:  Thank you, Mr.

        23       President.  I have listened with great interest,











                                                             
5151

         1       and there is one larger philosophical issue I

         2       would ask some of my colleagues to consider

         3       before casting a vote on this bill.  We are

         4       addressing the number 1 industry in New York

         5       State, agriculture, as we take a look at this

         6       bill; and regardless of the impact on individual

         7       farmers, we have a responsibility in this house

         8       and in the other house of the Legislature to do

         9       what we can to ease some of the regulatory

        10       burdens and to ease some of the financial

        11       burdens on the industry of agricultural just as

        12       we try to ease the burden on other industries in

        13       New York State.

        14                      I think it's been well-documented

        15       and there is great sympathy in this chamber for

        16       the plight of farmers.  But let's not make light

        17       of that plight in this debate.  Even minor

        18       inconveniences can cost farmers an inordinate

        19       amount of money.  Even minor inconveniences can

        20       slow down their ability to attend to their

        21       crops, to tend to their stock, and to get on

        22       with the business of farming; and I would remind

        23       everyone in this chamber that we already face a











                                                             
5152

         1       tremendous burden by Workers' Compensation

         2       premiums affecting agriculture to the extent

         3       that many farmers now say they are unable to pay

         4       hired help the way they have in the past.  They

         5       are not able to keep them on as permanent

         6       employees.  The hired help has to either work

         7       under the table in a few cases or they are

         8       working as contract labor and are relatively

         9       unemployed.

        10                      So while we have to look at the

        11       larger issue of what we're doing for this

        12       industry in the state, I would ask each of you

        13       to consider yourself in the same situation if

        14       you were a farmer and realize that any minor

        15       inconvenience, any expense, that can be lifted

        16       off the shoulders of farmers is in the best

        17       interest not only of those farmers but of the

        18       entire state; and I would urge all of my

        19       colleagues to give this bill an opportunity and

        20       to please send a message that we do support

        21       agriculture in the New York State Senate by

        22       voting yes.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:











                                                             
5153

         1       Senator Waldon.

         2                      SENATOR WALDON:  Thank you very

         3       much, Mr. President.

         4                      To explain my vote.

         5       Traditionally, since arriving in Albany, both in

         6       the Assembly and in the Senate, I have strongly

         7       supported agriculture and agricultural measures

         8       for a lot of reasons:

         9                      One, I just think we must be

        10       supportive of the "bread basket" of the state

        11       and perhaps the nation.  Two, I learned that

        12       there are many constituents in the districts

        13       that I have represented who are dramatically

        14       impacted by this industry, and I'm not just

        15       talking about the normal food stuff, but we have

        16       coach laws, we have school children, so I try to

        17       be aware of and supportive of whenever

        18       possible.

        19                      However, the greater question

        20       here is what happens to someone if they are

        21       injured by one of these vehicles which may stray

        22       off onto a public thoroughfare or somehow the

        23       operator is negligent; and it seems to me that











                                                             
5154

         1       it would be better to protect the person injured

         2       and to not allow the owner, farmer, business

         3       person to escape liability or at least to escape

         4       the proper and appropriate liability by not

         5       having minimal threshold level coverage on each

         6       of the vehicles operating in this agricultural

         7       industry.

         8                      And, therefore, for those

         9       reasons, I must vote no.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        11       Read the last section.

        12                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

        13       act shall take effect immediately.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        15       Call the roll.

        16                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        18       Results.

        19                      THE SECRETARY:  Those recorded in

        20       the negative on Calendar Number 65, Senators

        21       Abate, Dollinger, Jones, Kruger, Leichter, Levy,

        22       Smith, Solomon, Waldon.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:











                                                             
5155

         1       The bill is passed.

         2                      THE SECRETARY:  Also, Senator

         3       Montgomery.  Ayes 47, nays 10.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

         5       The bill is passed.

         6                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

         7       336, by Senator Kuhl, Senate Print 3668, an act

         8       to amend the Agriculture and Markets Law, in

         9       relation to improving the Agriculturals District

        10       Program.

        11                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Explanation.

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        13       Explanation, Senator Kuhl.

        14                      SENATOR KUHL:  Yes, Mr.

        15       President.  Would Senator Paterson like the

        16       short explanation or the long explanation?

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        18       Senator Paterson?

        19                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Well, I'm

        20       always so enlightened when Senator Kuhl comes

        21       down from ascension and is here with us on the

        22       floor with the rest of us that I'd like to hear

        23       the long explanation.  I know it's not popular











                                                             
5156

         1       here, but I'm interested.

         2                      SENATOR KUHL:  Senator Paterson,

         3       this is a bill that essentially is a technical

         4       corrections bill of a bill that we passed in

         5       this house that eventually became law which was

         6       called the Agricultural Farm Land Protection

         7       Bill.  It was adopted in 1992, with the addition

         8       that there's the incorporation into this bill -

         9       and I should mention, by the way, that this is a

        10       departmental bill that has come from the

        11       Department of Agriculture and Markets -- with

        12       the addition that, included in this bill, is a

        13       provision of another bill that we passed a

        14       couple of months ago in this house that would

        15       provide that an individual farmer in this case

        16       who -- under the Ag Farm Land Protection Act of

        17       1992, who is conducting the practice of farming

        18       in one particular aspect, and where there has

        19       been a question as to whether or not that was an

        20       agriculturally sound practice, and the determin

        21       ation has been made by the Commissioner of the

        22       Department of Agriculture and Markets that, in

        23       fact, it is an agriculturally sound practice,











                                                             
5157

         1       and where that individually farmer -- individual

         2       farmer who is carrying on that agriculturally

         3       accepted farm practice is challenged in the

         4       court and is successful in defending that

         5       challenge to what is, again, determined to be an

         6       agriculturally accepted practice, that that

         7       individual would be entire -- entitled to the

         8       recovery of attorneys' fees that he incurred or

         9       she incurred in defending that lawsuit.

        10                      Now, other than that substantial

        11       change in the law, the rest of the provisions,

        12       for the most part, are correcnical -- or I

        13       should say technical corrections.

        14                      That was the short explanation.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        16       Senator Paterson.

        17                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Well, I'm sure

        18       that will suffice, Mr. President, if Senator

        19       Kuhl would yield for a couple of short

        20       questions.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        22       Senator Kuhl, will you yield?

        23                      SENATOR KUHL:  I'd be happy to.











                                                             
5158

         1                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Senator Kuhl,

         2       my concern with this bill -- and I think that

         3       Senator Hoffmann was very eloquent and so were

         4       you earlier in talking about the plight of

         5       farmers and the value of the industry and how we

         6       should not in any way mock it or cajole it in

         7       our debate here, and I was persuaded actually to

         8       vote for Calendar 65, but this bill, Calendar

         9       336, in my opinion, sets up a standard that is

        10       unfair on its face.

        11                      While the unsuccessful plaintiff

        12       is liable for the fees accrued to the defendant,

        13       you don't have in your bill an unsuccessful

        14       defendant having to pay the legal fees of the

        15       plaintiff.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:  Is

        17       there a question, Senator Paterson?

        18                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Is that fair?

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        20       Senator Kuhl.

        21                      SENATOR KUHL:  Well, it's

        22       obvious, Senator, that I proposed the bill in

        23       its current form so I would have to think that











                                                             
5159

         1       it was fair, but I do think it's fair because

         2       what you have here is two prior determinations

         3       as to what is generally acceptable as to the

         4       accepted farming practice.

         5                      You have what's out there being

         6       done, and you have a challenge to the -- I

         7       should say a question being made of the

         8       Commissioner.  The Commissioner has the result

         9        -- the opportunity at his -- under the former

        10       law, to ask of the opinions of several advisory

        11       groups which one of them would be the College of

        12       Ag and Life Sciences at Cornell which is a land

        13       grant, I'm sure, institution subsidized by the

        14       state of New York, and then he makes the

        15       determination as to -- or she makes the

        16       determination as to whether or not that's

        17       generally acceptable.  So what you have is you

        18       have a determination that's made, and then what

        19       you have is a challenge in face of that

        20       determination as to what is acceptable.

        21                      Now, what we're saying here is

        22       you have a general practice being carried out by

        23       the farming community, a challenge made to that,











                                                             
5160

         1       a determination by a commissioner as to whether

         2       that's right or wrong, and then what you have is

         3       the potential misuse certainly of the court

         4       system by somebody who wants to pounce upon, if

         5       you will, an independent farmer who doesn't have

         6       unlimited resources like some of these groups

         7       that challenge the farming community, and what

         8       we're simply doing is imposing a frivolous

         9       lawsuit, if you will, concept here saying that,

        10       "Look, if you're going to challenge this

        11       decision which has been made based upon sound

        12       recommendations, then you have to know if you

        13       don't succeed in the courtroom, that you're

        14       going to be liable for the costs that were

        15       incurred by the person defending the suit."

        16                      This is not a novel concept, and

        17       I think that this concept is already written

        18       into some portions of our laws dealing with

        19       frivolous lawsuits.  I think there's -- in the

        20       medical liability malpractice provisions and

        21       concepts that we've adopted here, there is a

        22       provision dealing with that.

        23                      So what we're doing is not











                                                             
5161

         1       establishing a new precedent, certainly.  What

         2       we're doing is trying to embark upon a process

         3       that will allow our farmers, individually and

         4       independently, to be able to continue their

         5       occupation without the threat of multiple

         6       lawsuits and certainly the cost of defending

         7       them.

         8                      What we have seen, Senator, and

         9       what we are seeing now in the course of carrying

        10       on the occupation of agriculture in this state

        11       is, we are seeing mounting challenges.  This was

        12       one of the reasons that we passed the law in

        13       1992, and this was to define a line as to what

        14       was acceptable and what wasn't and to define

        15       criteria as to what was acceptable and what

        16       wasn't, to essentially establish essentially a

        17       pattern by which people can pattern their

        18       behavior and their occupation.  So what we're

        19       saying now is "Okay.  Once that's established

        20       and it's determined and now you want to

        21       challenge that determination then, in fact, if

        22       you're wrong, you ought to bear the cost of

        23       that" because on the outset, it doesn't appear











                                                             
5162

         1       from the requirements that lead to that decision

         2       that it would be a wrongful decision.

         3                      Now, certainly if somebody raises

         4       a question and says, "Now, this is not a

         5       generally accepted farming practice is the

         6       terminology" and the Commissioner says, "You're

         7       absolutely right, it is not", then that practice

         8       will stop certainly, and the farmer will be

         9       liable for any of his actions at that point.

        10       That's a liability on one side.

        11                      But on the other side, if, in

        12       fact, you carry it to the next step and you take

        13       it to a court and you fail, then that's the same

        14       thing tantamount to bringing a frivolous lawsuit

        15       which currently this state of New York says that

        16       you will bear the expense of that.  Now, we

        17       don't use that terminology in this proposal, but

        18       the concept is the same.

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        20       Senator Paterson.

        21                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Thank you, Mr.

        22       President.

        23                      If Senator Kuhl will continue to











                                                             
5163

         1       yield, then I can master the negotiation of the

         2       interrogatory sentence.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

         4       Senator Kuhl.

         5                      SENATOR KUHL:  I'd be happy to

         6       yield.

         7                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Senator Kuhl,

         8       I want to discuss the actions of the Commission

         9       er with you in a moment, but just to get back to

        10       the question that I just asked you, many of the

        11       plaintiffs in these cases, if I'm not correct,

        12       are actually some of the same farmers or some of

        13       the same rural residents as the individuals who

        14       could be the object of the lawsuit and so, what

        15       I'm saying is, don't you think there needs to be

        16       equal protection regardless of who's initiating

        17       the lawsuit?

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        19       Senator Kuhl.

        20                      SENATOR KUHL:  Well, I think

        21       there is, Senator Paterson, and we were very,

        22       very, very specific in the adoption of the law

        23       back in 1992 to lay out these protections.  I











                                                             
5164

         1       don't know whether you've had any real estate

         2       closings or not lately, but you remember that

         3       little statement that's required to be filed

         4       with the deed, and it talks about whether or not

         5       there are certain kinds of things that are

         6       associated with this particular type of

         7       property?  Well, there's a requirement now that

         8       we inform people that this is an agricultural

         9       district that they're buying into.  There's

        10       notice that's required to be given prior to the

        11       conclusion of any kind of a real estate

        12       purchase.

        13                      What we have attempted to do is

        14       to eliminate exactly what we have found is

        15       happening, and that is people who move into a

        16       rural area, all of a sudden they find out that

        17       they don't like the dust that's in the air.

        18       They don't like that smell that happens to be in

        19       the air when there's this fertilizing process

        20       going on which happens to be the spreading of

        21       manure on land that may be 150 yards away from

        22       them.  They don't necessarily like the noise at

        23       2:00 o'clock in the morning or 3:00 o'clock in











                                                             
5165

         1       the morning because they moved next to a

         2       vineyard where there are grapes that are being

         3       harvested and there are birds that are swooping

         4       down on the grapes and eating the grapes, and so

         5       they use these shotguns to scare the birds away.

         6                      Well, I can guarantee you that

         7       when we dealt with this whole concept, we dealt

         8       with, okay, what is a generally accepted farming

         9       practice?  Well, now, if you moved in next to me

        10       and I had a vineyard and I didn't like

        11       necessarily having you next to me, would it be

        12       generally accepted that I started to scare these

        13       birds away who don't fly after dark by shooting

        14       this shotgun process off at 2:00 and 3:00 and

        15       4:00 in the morning?  Well, no, that's not

        16       acceptable.

        17                      But my point to you is what we

        18       tried to do in this whole bill that we adopted,

        19       again back in 1992, was to build up a series of

        20       protections for the people that were moving into

        21       the communities so that they were well aware of

        22       what they were going to be faced with.  So when

        23       you talk about rural residents being the ones











                                                             
5166

         1       who are challenging, say, what is a generally

         2       accepted practice, by the time they get to that

         3       point where they're an owner, they know it's

         4       generally accepted and they have been forewarned

         5       as to what's generally accepted.

         6                      So these people that embark upon

         7       these lawsuits that we're finding, these are the

         8       new neighbors who are coming out of the metro

         9       politan areas who are looking for this pristine

        10       farmland, that beautiful red barn, those black

        11       and white cows on green grass with flowers

        12       across the roads, okay?  Now, all of a sudden

        13       they find out that there's a particular odor

        14       that they don't agree with or there is this

        15       shaking of the land or these sounds that they

        16       don't understand or this dust in the air.

        17                      What we tried to do in the law

        18       was take that out.  So we have given them

        19       notice, and what we're saying now is if you want

        20       to question that practice and you've gone and

        21       you've gotten your decision from the

        22       Commissioner of Agriculture, who says, No, this

        23       has been going on by years and, yes, it's











                                                             
5167

         1       verified by the EPA and Ag and Markets.  This is

         2       standard process.  This is what has to happen.

         3       In fact, if you then decide that, No.  That's

         4       not, and I'm going to put this guy out of

         5       business by taking him out to the court and then

         6       once if I lose there, I'm going to take him on

         7       to the Appellate Division and then on to the

         8       Court of Appeals and I'll take him to the

         9       Supreme Court, what we're saying is, Okay.  You

        10       can do that, but if you lose and you try to

        11       bankrupt this farmer, you're going to pay the

        12       costs because you're going to provide the fees

        13       that he incurred in defending the suit if he is,

        14       in fact, or she is successful.

        15                      That's what this concept is all

        16       about.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        18       Senator Paterson.

        19                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Mr. President,

        20       before continuing, I have to allow my colleagues

        21       to know that, not since Sir Walter Scott's

        22       Ivanhoe have I heard a more illustrative,

        23       descriptive, poignant display of the fantasy of











                                                             
5168

         1       the urban dweller as to the nature of farming as

         2       I have just heard from Senator Kuhl.  That was

         3       quite effective.

         4                      If he would continue to yield for

         5       a question -

         6                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

         7       Senator Kuhl.

         8                      SENATOR KUHL:  I'd be happy to.

         9                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Senator Kuhl,

        10       I direct you to Section 308, Subsection 2, of

        11       the Agriculture Law which relates to what

        12       provides a nuisance and the health conditions

        13       that are created from a nuisance and ask you how

        14       the Commissioner of Agriculture, ruling on what

        15       is a sound farm practice, can have any idea of

        16       what could constitute a serious health hazard,

        17       which is part of the reason that some people sue

        18       others for providing a nuisance?

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        20       Senator Kuhl.

        21                      SENATOR KUHL:  That was -- excuse

        22       me, Senator Paterson.  That was -- you're

        23       referring to Section 308?











                                                             
5169

         1                      SENATOR PATERSON:  308-2.

         2                      SENATOR KUHL:  Subdivision 2.

         3                      SENATOR PATERSON:  It mentions

         4       wrongful death, Senator.

         5                      SENATOR KUHL:  What particular

         6       line, do you remember, Senator Paterson?

         7                      SENATOR PATERSON:  It says

         8       basically that nothing should be construed to

         9       prohibit a party from recovering for wrongful

        10       death on -- on -- due to a farm -- due to a

        11       nuisance.

        12                      SENATOR KUHL:  You know where in

        13       the proposed bill it is?  I'm having a hard time

        14       finding it, Senator.  That's the only problem.

        15                      SENATOR PATERSON:  I'm sorry,

        16       Senator.  This is in the Agriculture Law, and

        17       the reason I was citing it -- maybe I'll just

        18       explain it.

        19                      The reason I was citing it is -

        20       what I was saying is that the Commissioner -

        21       the question I'm asking you is, how can the

        22       Commissioner, who may be able to determine what

        23       is a sound farming practice -- I think there











                                                             
5170

         1       have been a number of sound farming practices

         2       that we later, due to medical information and

         3       due to rulings from the state Department of

         4       Health, we found out that they were injurious to

         5       other parties.

         6                      So what I'm saying is how can we

         7       leave that under the jurisdiction of the

         8       Commissioner, or how does just knowing that

         9       something is a sound farming practice prohibit a

        10       party from recovering on a nuisance action?

        11                      SENATOR KUHL:  I think the

        12       concept is -- and I'm -- I don't have the

        13       immediate recollection of all of what Section

        14       308, Subdivision 2, in the Ag and Markets Law

        15       says, but the concept that we have dealt with in

        16       this whole proposal and adoption of the law that

        17       goes back to 1992, Senator, was that there were

        18       essentially migrations of urban populations that

        19       were moving to the rural area, and this urbani

        20       zation, if you will, of the rural area of this

        21       state was causing some difficulty between the

        22       neighbors who were the new neighbors, people who

        23       were purchasing land, and what we thought was











                                                             
5171

         1       the best way to deal with this was to try to

         2       define a essentially set standard.

         3                      Now, the initial proposal that I

         4       had before not only this house but was initially

         5       proposed in the Assembly, was to define

         6       immediately what was a generally accepted

         7       farming practice; everything.  If you were a

         8       chicken farmer, fine.  If you were a grape

         9       grower, fine.  If you were a dairy farmer, fine.

        10       If you grew cash crops, fine.  This is what was

        11       generally accepted.

        12                      At that time, the Department told

        13       us -- told me, specifically, that that was such

        14       detail, and that was such an exhaustive project

        15       to do that, that they would prefer to move away

        16       from that definition because it varied in

        17       different parts of the state.  There are all

        18       kinds of different areas geographically, and all

        19       of those took into consideration different

        20       generally accepted farming practices.

        21                      So what it eventually came down

        22       through -- down to, I should say, through

        23       negotiation was a determination yet to be











                                                             
5172

         1       defined upon request, and what we did was we set

         2       up a -- some advisory groups, like the College

         3       of Agriculture and Life Science at Cornell who,

         4       as I said, was a land grant college that we

         5       support and which is one of the preeminent

         6       agricultural schools in this country, if not the

         7       world.  We thought that, if anybody knew what

         8       was generally accepted and the modern

         9       technology, they certainly would, and that the

        10       Commissioner would be dependent upon them for

        11       their advisory opinion.

        12                      But the concept was, here is a

        13       current, in-place occupation that's being

        14       carried on, and so let's define what they're all

        15       about and if there is a challenge.  The idea had

        16       nothing to do about anything else other than

        17       what was acceptable dealing with that

        18       occupation.

        19                      And so we have addressed solely

        20       that issue, what is acceptable from an environ

        21       mental standpoint, from a business standpoint,

        22       from all the kinds of basis of criteria upon

        23       which the Commissioner might use to define that











                                                             
5173

         1       term, "generally accepted farming practice".

         2                      Now, that's the concept.  I don't

         3       know as I can specifically answer your question

         4       as it relates to that provision of the law

         5       because I don't have that in front of me, number

         6       one, and I don't have that memorized.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

         8       Senator Paterson.

         9                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Thank you, Mr.

        10       President.

        11                      Again, through you, Mr.

        12       President, to Senator Kuhl.  I think that the

        13       spirit of your legislation is quite acceptable.

        14       What you're trying to do is to really put a stop

        15       to spurious lawsuits and really claims that have

        16       no merit from individuals who would not

        17       understand that this is a standard farming

        18       practice.  What I'm contending is that it's the

        19       method of the legislation that is most

        20       objectionable, and there are two real levels to

        21       that objection.

        22                      The first one would be that the

        23       Commissioner of Agriculture and Markets is able











                                                             
5174

         1       to determine what is a sound farming practice,

         2       but that of and in itself does not let us know

         3       whether or not the claim that this practice is a

         4       nuisance is or is not viable.  That's something

         5       that the court would actually decide; and I

         6       think Senator Kuhl and I would both agree that

         7       the court would actually decide the merit of the

         8       claim, but now we're talking about after the

         9       court action and we assume that the plaintiff is

        10       defeated.  We're now saying that the ruling of

        11       the Commissioner would now entitle the defendant

        12       to receive court costs from the plaintiff; and

        13       what I'm saying, Senator Kuhl, is that there

        14       must be another way to accomplish the goal of -

        15       of stopping spurious lawsuits rather than to

        16       vest that in the Commissioner of Agriculture and

        17       Markets.

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        19       Senator Kuhl.

        20                      SENATOR KUHL:  I didn't hear the

        21       question, but let me just pose this to Senator

        22       Paterson, and I don't know if he intended to ask

        23       me a question, but you raise a point, I think,











                                                             
5175

         1       about the -- splitting the actual challenge to

         2       this issue, and I might remind you, Senator

         3       Paterson, that certainly, if an individual

         4       decides that the Commissioner's judgment is not

         5       a sound one, that rather than take the

         6       individual farmer to court and challenge him

         7       with a nuisance lawsuit, certainly this

         8       individual has the rights under Article 78 of

         9       the Civil Practice Laws and Rules to challenge

        10       the Commissioner's decision as to being

        11       arbitrary and capricious.

        12                      That would not bring into play

        13       the defendant farmer.  He would not have to be

        14       taken into court to challenge -- to be cited

        15       with a nuisance.  So what I'm saying to you is,

        16       if you are saying there ought to be another way,

        17       certainly there is because the individual who is

        18       objecting to this generally accepted farming

        19       practice could say, Yeah.  I think the

        20       Commissioner is wrong.  I challenge this

        21       decision, take it into court and certainly that

        22       court could overrule it.  If that were the case,

        23       and it very well could be, then certainly now we











                                                             
5176

         1       have a decision that it's not a generally

         2       accepted farming practice and the individual

         3       farmer would have to comply with that decision.

         4                      But what we're saying is that it

         5       is unfair to bring the individual farmer in to

         6       challenge that decision, that there is another

         7       alternative, and an individual can take that

         8       course if they see fit.

         9                      I would just point that out as

        10       you say there must be another way, and I'm just

        11       giving it to you, there is another way for the

        12       individual to challenge that decision, so that

        13       it doesn't come down solely to the Commissioner

        14       to make that determination.  It can be

        15       challenged through the court system, and you

        16       know the Civil Practice Law and Rules probably

        17       much better than I do, but that is a way that

        18       can be done without the added expense to this

        19       farmer to defend this decision that was made by

        20       the Commissioner of Agriculture and Markets.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        22       Senator Paterson.

        23                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Mr. President,











                                                             
5177

         1       I want to thank Senator Kuhl for his answers

         2       which were most forthright.

         3                      On the bill.  I want to just

         4       compare this bill to the one that we previously

         5       passed and maybe the point that I'm trying to

         6       make will be a little clearer.

         7                      In the previous bill, we really

         8       are addressing the issue of farm-plated vehicles

         9       and insurance liability, and so if we wanted to

        10       do as Senator Hoffmann said and understand the

        11       nature of the industry and understand that

        12       sometimes even the slightest inconvenience to

        13       the farmer can create a tremendous hardship to

        14       the industry, I think if that's what we want to

        15       do, we can do it.  Senator Kuhl's bill passed.

        16       I voted for it.  There was some dissent and I

        17       think very merited dissent on that particular

        18       bill.

        19                      But this particular bill relates

        20       to something for which the value, I think, is a

        21       little higher than insurance liability.  Here we

        22       are talking about our civil justice system.  The

        23       reason that we set up our civil justice system,











                                                             
5178

         1       which is one that's really carved out of the

         2       criminal justice system; in other words, there

         3       are implied attacks on society and that's why we

         4       have criminal justice and in civil justice, they

         5       are really the attacks on the individual.

         6                      We have encouraged people who

         7       feel that they are victimized in that way to

         8       bring their beef, so to speak, to court, to

         9       bring their arguments to an arbiter, and what we

        10       have in this situation is incurring a burden on

        11       the plaintiff that, if you don't win on the

        12       merits of your argument and the Commissioner of

        13       Agriculture and Markets says, "This is a sound

        14       farming practice", then you are going to have to

        15       pay the court costs, not only that you incurred,

        16       but also that the party you sued or the

        17       defendant incurred.

        18                      In my opinion, it is putting a

        19       tremendous hardship on a person that wants to

        20       initiate a court action, and it is discouraging

        21       individuals from bringing cases to court.

        22                      Now, I think in our opening

        23       prayer today, we got some very good advice by











                                                             
5179

         1       Rabbi Buttman who gave us a little Talmudic law,

         2       and he said, "Please pray for government,

         3       because without government, people would eat

         4       each other alive", and I think that's why we

         5       have a court system because, when people feel

         6       they don't have any court of challenge, they

         7       start to take these disputes out personally.

         8       They don't feel that there's a remedy.

         9                      I think the value of that remedy

        10       is higher than that of disputes between farmers,

        11       even if it does appear to be a little unfair to

        12       the farmer that the actual nuisance may be a

        13       standard farming practice.  I would rather that

        14       that issue be settled in court and I would

        15       rather that no one feel an encumbrance upon them

        16       limiting them from bringing the action to

        17       court.

        18                      That's why I can't support the

        19       bill, because I feel that the rendering of a

        20       decision by the Commissioner of Agricultre and

        21       Markets can only define the farming practice,

        22       but whether or not the farming practice is being

        23       handled correctly is something that evidence,











                                                             
5180

         1       facts and a presiding judge or jury, I think,

         2       should decide.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

         4       Read the last section.

         5                      Oh, excuse me, Senator Dollinger.

         6                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Mr.

         7       President, just briefly on the bill.

         8                      I am mindful both of Senator

         9       Hoffmann's comments about the importance of the

        10       farming industry, Senator Kuhl's comments about

        11       the significance of the farming industry in this

        12       state, Senator Johnson's comments about the

        13       farming industry in this state.  It is clearly

        14       one that has an enormous effect on our economy.

        15                      However, while it deserves a very

        16       high place in our attempt to accommodate farm

        17       ers, it seems to me the one thing we shouldn't

        18       do is create a privileged place in our civil

        19       justice system for farmers, because what this

        20       will do is that this says that in a nuisance

        21       action brought against the farmer, which is the

        22       equivalent of a real estate-related product

        23       liability action brought against the farmer,











                                                             
5181

         1       we're now going to create a rule that says if

         2       you bring such an action, and you lose, and even

         3       if it had some merit to it, but nonetheless, a

         4       court finds that the practice was a reasonable

         5       business practice or reasonable farming practice

         6       by a farmer, you now have to pay not only your

         7       own legal fees to have brought the action, but

         8       the legal fees of the defendant farmer. In

         9       essence, when the defendant wins, he wins

        10       everything.  When the plaintiff wins, he gets

        11       the relief that he was entitled to.

        12                      So it seems to me while farming

        13       should get a high privilege or a high status in

        14       our economic system and in our civil justice

        15       system, we should not create a privilege for

        16       farmers that we deny to everyone else, and that

        17       is, when they win they get everything; when the

        18       plaintiff wins next door, he only gets what he

        19       or she is entitled to.

        20                      I think that kind of privilege in

        21       the system isn't necessary in this case.  It

        22       raises issues about the fairness of the entire

        23       system.  There's no suggestion here that other











                                                             
5182

         1       product manufacturers would get the same

         2       treatment.  There's no suggestion that other

         3       defendants would get the same treatment.  It

         4       seems to me, while we should recognize the

         5       farmer's contribution, here we are creating a

         6       very, very highly privileged niche for farmers

         7       and one that, at least from my perspective, I

         8       think is unnecessary.

         9                      I will be voting no, Mr.

        10       President.

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        12       Read the last section.

        13                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 9.  This

        14       act shall take effect on the 90th day.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        16       Please call the roll.

        17                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        19       Results.

        20                      THE SECRETARY:  Those recorded in

        21       the negative on Calendar Number 336, Senator

        22       Abate, Connor, Gold, Gonzalez, Leichter,

        23       Montgomery, Onorato, Paterson, Stavisky and











                                                             
5183

         1       Waldon.  Ayes 49, nays 10.

         2                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

         3       The bill is passed.

         4                      Senator Nanula.

         5                      SENATOR NANULA:  Mr. President, I

         6       would like to request unanimous consent to be

         7       recorded in the negative on Calendar Number 65.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

         9       Without objection.

        10                      SENATOR NANULA:  Thank you.

        11                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Mr.

        12       President.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        14       Senator Dollinger.

        15                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Just a point

        16       of order, Mr. President.  Was I recorded in the

        17       negative on the last bill?  I had my hand up and

        18       I wanted to make sure I was.

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT DeFRANCISCO:

        20       You were not, but you will be.

        21                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Thank you,

        22       Mr. President, just to clarify.

        23                      Thank you.











                                                             
5184

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

         2       Secretary will continue to call the

         3       controversial calendar.

         4                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

         5       356, by Senator Trunzo, Senate Print Number

         6       3628, an act to amend the Education Law, in

         7       relation to the Tax Deferred Annuity Program

         8       under the Board of Education retirement system.

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        10       Secretary will read the last section.

        11                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

        12       act shall take effect immediately.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        14       roll.

        15                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        16                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 59.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        18       is passed.

        19                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        20       377, by Senator Levy, Senate Print 3941-A, an

        21       act to amend the Education Law, in relation to

        22       directing the Commissioner of Education to

        23       include rules concerning the maximum speeds of











                                                             
5185

         1       school vehicles.

         2                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Explanation,

         3       Mr. President.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         5       Levy, an explanation has been asked for by

         6       Senator Dollinger.

         7                      SENATOR LEVY:  Yes.  Senator

         8       Dollinger, when we last discussed 65 and, as we

         9       were debating the last bill, the agreed upon 65

        10       bill was put on everybody's desk, and the Rules

        11       Committee is going to report that bill in just a

        12       few moments.

        13                      This bill is really a companion

        14       to, quote, "65".  When we had our discussion -

        15       and when we get into 65, I will talk about some

        16       of the -- some of the things that we have done

        17       since that debate that relate to deterrence,

        18       that relate to enforcement, and that relate to

        19       saving lives once we go to 65 on 1135 miles of

        20       Thruway and other state and interstate highways

        21       in New York.

        22                      One of the things that we talked

        23       about was protecting children who are riding on











                                                             
5186

         1       school buses.  So after that debate, I met with

         2       the Commissioner of Education, and that

         3       discussion related to the Commissioner of

         4       Education mandating or requiring that no school

         5       bus travel on those 1135 miles in excess of 55

         6       miles an hour.

         7                      Commissioner Sobol said that he

         8       was supportive and would, in fact, take that

         9       action and support this bill, but he said, given

        10       a court decision by the Court of Appeals five or

        11       six years ago that questioned his ability

        12       through rules and regulations without legisla

        13       tion to take an act like this, he asked

        14       Assemblyman Bragman and myself to mandate that

        15       he take the action that related to establishing

        16       the maximum speed limit for school buses at 55

        17       miles an hour.

        18                      Now, I am told this bill has been

        19       introduced by Mike Bragman; it does not have a

        20       number yet over in the Assembly, but it has been

        21       introduced.  The bill was drafted as a result of

        22       conversations between -- between Mike and myself

        23       and our staffs, and this bill has been reviewed











                                                             
5187

         1       by the Commissioner, counsel to the department,

         2       and they are supportive of this piece of legis

         3       lation, and it does exactly what I said it did.

         4       It requires the Commissioner to set a maximum of

         5       55 miles an hour for any school bus traveling

         6       with children on a bus.

         7                      It likewise preserves the powers

         8       of local school districts to be more restrictive

         9       than 55 if they make a determination for their

        10       school district that they don't want their buses

        11       traveling, not at 65, but they don't want them

        12       traveling at 55, and that's what this bill

        13       does.

        14                      As we get into the other debate,

        15       we'll talk about conversations -- conversations

        16       that I had with the Superintendent of the State

        17       Police and with the Commissioner of Motor

        18       Vehicles in regard to what they are going to do,

        19       not only with school buses, but what they're

        20       going to do as it relates to trucks that weigh

        21       more than 18,000 pounds and have cargos such as

        22       gasoline, propane, liquefied natural gas,

        23       explosives and radioactive materials, but we'll











                                                             
5188

         1       save that discussion for when we get into 65 and

         2       we'll lay out exactly what the Superintendent is

         3       going to do, what the Commissioner of Motor

         4       Vehicles is going to do in regard to those

         5       areas, as well as you and I and everybody else

         6       operating a vehicle at 65 miles an hour on those

         7       roads.

         8                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Mr.

         9       President, will Senator Levy yield to one

        10       question?

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        12       Levy, do you yield to Senator Dollinger?

        13                      SENATOR LEVY:  Sure.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        15       Senator yields.

        16                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Senator, I

        17       was one of those who actually came into the last

        18       debate about the 65 mile-an-hour speed limit and

        19       changed my mind because of your comments about

        20       the ancillary aspects of raising the speed

        21       limit, one of which was school buses.  I thought

        22       your point was well taken, and I approached this

        23       ongoing debate about the Conference Committee











                                                             
5189

         1       report in that same light to look at this.

         2                      My question is this:  Was -- this

         3       statute makes reference to school vehicles.  The

         4       same types of problems with large numbers of

         5       children on larger vehicles could be present,

         6       for example, buses for religious institutions,

         7       churches that bus students.  For example, the Al

         8       Siegel Center which may have vans that have half

         9       a dozen handicapped children in them.

        10                      My question is was any

        11       consideration given to the same, I think, proper

        12       consideration about lowering the speed limit for

        13       vehicles carrying large numbers of children; was

        14       consideration given to making it based on the

        15       number of children in the vehicle rather than

        16       simply the designation of a school vehicle

        17       transporting pupils as the way the statute

        18       currently reads?

        19                      SENATOR LEVY:  Senator, this bill

        20       deals only with the Commissioner of Education

        21       and directs the Commissioner to act as it re

        22       lates to school vehicles and pupils that are go

        23       ing to and from school or for other educational











                                                             
5190

         1       purposes.

         2                      I think your point is well taken

         3       as it relates to taking a look at children being

         4       transported other than to and from school or for

         5       other educational purposes, and we'll take a

         6       look at that, and in indicating that we worked

         7       on this bill with Senator Bragman, we also

         8       worked on a bill with Senator Oppenheimer who is

         9       a sponsor of the bill.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        11       Dollinger.

        12                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Mr.

        13       President, I'm going to vote in favor of this

        14       bill.  I would just urge the Transportation

        15       Committee of this house and the other house to

        16       look at that other issue of -- and I think of

        17       religious institutions and institutions that are

        18       transporting a large number of people may not be

        19       educational institutions not under the purview

        20       of Commissioner of Education, but who have the

        21       same risks that are created that this bill

        22       addresses with respect to school children.

        23                      I'm going to vote in favor of











                                                             
5191

         1       this.  It's the right thing to do.  I think it

         2       should be expanded even further.

         3                      SENATOR LEVY:  I can tell you,

         4       Senator Dollinger, that -- and I said we are

         5       going to hold this to 65, and I'm going to read

         6       into the record part of the letter from the

         7       Superintendent -- letters from the Commissioner

         8       of Motor Vehicles and the Superintendent of the

         9       State Police, but I can tell you that the

        10       Superintendent of State Police, on those 1135

        11       miles, is going to target school buses

        12       transporting children.  They are going to be

        13       targeted as it relates to enforcement.  He has

        14       made that commitment, and we will make that part

        15       of the 65 record.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        17       Secretary will read the last section.

        18                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Thank you.

        19                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

        20       act shall take effect immediately.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        22       roll.

        23                      (The Secretary called the roll.)











                                                             
5192

         1                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 59.

         2                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

         3       is passed.

         4                      Senator Marcellino, that

         5       concludes the controversial calendar.  We have

         6       several housekeeping events at the desk, if you

         7       want to do that.

         8                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Yes, Mr.

         9       President.  Do the housekeeping first.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:

        11       Substitution.  The Secretary will read.

        12                      THE SECRETARY:  Senator

        13       DeFrancisco moves to discharge from the

        14       Committee on Local Government, Assembly Bill

        15       Number 1983-B and substitute it for the

        16       identical Calendar Number 213.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        18       substitution is ordered.

        19                      The Chair recognizes Senator

        20       Present.

        21                      SENATOR PRESENT:  Mr. President,

        22       on behalf of Senator Seward, I wish to call up

        23       Calendar 498, Assembly Print 1540.











                                                             
5193

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

         2       Secretary will read.

         3                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

         4       498, by member of the Assembly Luster, Senate

         5       Bill Number 1540, an act to amend the General

         6       Business Law.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         8       Present.

         9                      SENATOR PRESENT:  Mr. President,

        10       I now move to reconsider the vote by which the

        11       the Assembly bill was substituted for Senator

        12       Seward's bill, Senate Print 1108, on April 26th.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        14       Secretary will call the roll on

        15       reconsideration.

        16                      (The Secretary called the roll on

        17       reconsideration.)

        18                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 59.

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        20       Present.

        21                      SENATOR PRESENT:  Mr. President,

        22       I now move that Assembly Bill Number 1540 be

        23       recommitted to the Committee on Consumer











                                                             
5194

         1       Protection and that Senator Seward's Senate bill

         2       be restored to the order of Second Report.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

         4       Assembly bill is recommitted.  The Senate bill

         5       is restored to the Second calendar -- Second

         6       Reading Calendar.

         7                      The Chair recognizes Senator

         8       Marcellino.

         9                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Mr.

        10       President, may we return to reports of standing

        11       committees?  I believe there's a report up from

        12       the Rules Committee at the desk.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  There is

        14       a report of the Rules Committee at the desk.  We

        15       will return to reports of standing committees.

        16                      The Secretary will read.

        17                      THE SECRETARY:  Senator Bruno,

        18       from the Committee on Rules, hands up the

        19       following bills directly for third reading:

        20       Senate Print 4475, Budget Bill, an act making an

        21       appropriation for the support of government.

        22                      Senate Print 4476, Budget Bill,

        23       an act making appropriation for the support of











                                                             
5195

         1       government.

         2                      Senate Print 4477, Budget Bill,

         3       an act to provide for payments to municipalities

         4       and to providers of medical services.

         5                      Senate Print 4478, Budget Bill,

         6       an act to provide for payments to vendors under

         7       the Women, Infants and Children's Program.

         8                      Senate Print 4250, by Senator

         9       Johnson and others, an act to amend the Vehicle

        10       and Traffic Law, in relation to maximum speed

        11       limits and providing for the repeal of such

        12       provisions.

        13                      All bills directly for third

        14       reading.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  All bills

        16       are ordered directly to third reading.

        17                      The Chair recognizes Senator

        18       Marcellino.

        19                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Mr.

        20       President, I move we adopt the report of the

        21       Rules Committee.

        22                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        23       motion is to accept the report of the Rules











                                                             
5196

         1       Committee.  All those in favor signify by saying

         2       aye.

         3                      (Response of "Aye".)

         4                      Opposed, nay.

         5                      (There was no response.)

         6                      The report is accepted.

         7                      Senator Marcellino.

         8                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  May we take

         9       up Calendar Number 612, Senate 4250?

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        11       Marcellino, we have a substitution at the desk.

        12       Can we take that first?

        13                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Yes, sir.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  I'll ask

        15       the Secretary to read.

        16                      THE SECRETARY:  Senator Johnson

        17       moves to discharge from the Committee on Rules

        18       Assembly Bill Number 7384 and substitute it for

        19       the identical bill, Calendar Number 612.

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        21       substitution is ordered.

        22                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  May we now

        23       take up Calendar Number 612, Senate 4250.











                                                             
5197

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

         2       Secretary will read Calendar Number 612.

         3                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

         4       612, by the Rules Committee, Assembly Bill

         5       Number 7384, an act to amend the Vehicle and

         6       Traffic Law, in relation to maximum speed limits

         7       and providing for the repeal of such provision.

         8                      Section 3.  This act shall take

         9       effect on the 1st day -

        10                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Mr. President

        11        -- Mr. President.

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        13       Leichter, why do you rise?

        14                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  I heard them

        15       call the last section.  I was going to explain

        16       my vote.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  No, you

        18       did not hear the last section read yet, Senator

        19       Leichter.

        20                      SENATOR LEICHTER: O.K., in that

        21       event -

        22                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL: But

        23       Calendar Number 612 is in front of the chamber.











                                                             
5198

         1                      The Secretary will now read the

         2       last section.

         3                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 3.  This

         4       act shall take effect on the 1st day of August.

         5                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         6       roll.

         7                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The Chair

         9       recognizes Senator Leichter to explain his vote.

        10                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Thank you, Mr.

        11       President.

        12                      Mr. President, I'm delighted to

        13       see that this first product of the Conference

        14       Committee is before us, and I think it certainly

        15       speaks well to the new procedures that have been

        16       established by the Senate and the Assembly, and

        17       I hope that we will see many other instances

        18       where differences between the two houses are

        19       resolved in this fashion.

        20                      Having said this -- and I appre

        21       ciate the work that the members of the Confer

        22       ence Committee did -- my view has been that to

        23       increase the speed limit, I think, is going to











                                                             
5199

         1       lead to more accidents, will lead to more deaths

         2       and injuries and, if we increase it to 65 miles,

         3       then people in this state are going to be

         4       driving 75 miles.

         5                      So let's -- as fine a product as

         6       this is in terms of the procedures of the

         7       Legislature, substantively I think it's flawed

         8       and I will vote against it.

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        10       Leichter in the negative.

        11                      Senator Abate to explain her

        12       vote.

        13                      SENATOR ABATE:  Yes.  I, too,

        14       would like to compliment my colleagues.

        15                      Although I cannot support this

        16       bill, I certainly support the process, and the

        17       reason I cannot support the bill is for many of

        18       the issues that Senator Tully raised the last

        19       time.

        20                      The argument in favor of

        21       increasing the speed limit is, well, we're doing

        22       it anyway; people are already driving 65 miles

        23       an hour, and it's for the convenience of











                                                             
5200

         1       motorists.

         2                      My problem is, what is in this

         3       current legislation that will prevent all of us

         4       to honor 65 miles an hour and not drive at 70,

         5       75 and 80?  And these highways were designed for

         6       speed limits not to exceed 70 miles an hour and

         7       because this legislation does not have increased

         8       law enforcement efforts, it does not have

         9       increased penalties, there's no provision for

        10       large capacity trucks in terms of limiting their

        11       speed travel, I believe, although there's an

        12       argument for convenience, the argument against

        13       it is much more powerful, and that's about

        14       saving lives and decreasing fatalities and

        15       without these additional law enforcement

        16       provisions, I cannot support this legislation.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        18       Abate in the negative.

        19                      The Chair recognizes Senator Levy

        20       to explain his vote.

        21                      SENATOR LEVY:  Yes, Mr.

        22       President.  Let me just make a -- very, very

        23       briefly make part of this record because we are











                                                             
5201

         1       taking a very, very important step as it regards

         2       to the actions that are going to be taken by law

         3       enforcement and by the Commissioner of Motor

         4       Vehicles.  I'm only going to -- I'm only going

         5       to read part of these communications.

         6                      A letter from the Superintendent

         7       of the State Police says:

         8                      "I concur that special enforce

         9       ment efforts would be appropriate with regard to

        10       commercial vehicles in excess of 18,000 pounds

        11       and which are engaged in the transport of

        12       flammable or combustible substances, explosives

        13       or radioactive materials.  In addition, I

        14       believe buses engaged in the business of pupil

        15       transportation are worthy of special attention.

        16                       "I have been in the process of

        17       implementing enhanced enforcement efforts with

        18       regard to commercial vehicles in general.  You

        19       can be assured that, upon implementation of a

        20       65-mile speed limit, special attention will be

        21       directed towards enforcement of the new limit in

        22       reference to the particular vehicles described

        23       above."   Signed by James W. McMahon,











                                                             
5202

         1       Superintendent of New York State Police.

         2                      And on the question of trying to

         3       deter not only those vehicles, but you and I and

         4       everyone else who is going to travel those 1135

         5       miles, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles wrote

         6       on March 15th, "I share your concerns and will

         7       have this agency work with the Governor's Traf

         8       fic Safety Committee to review this important

         9       matter and report their recommendations for

        10       action to me."  That is on the issue of points.

        11                      Let me say and just echo the

        12       comments that have been made here, an outstand

        13       ing job done by Senator Johnson, Senator Farley,

        14       Senator Kuhl, Senator Oppenheimer and the

        15       members of the Conference Committee.  We've done

        16       the most that we can do.  The future course of

        17       the impact of 65 on lives, injuries and acci

        18       dents is up to others, the Commissioner of

        19       Education, the Superintendent of State Police,

        20       and the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles,

        21       including the motor vehicle operators who are

        22       going to be driving on those 1135 miles of

        23       highway in this state where the speed limit is











                                                             
5203

         1       65.

         2                      I vote aye.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         4       Levy in the affirmative.

         5                      Senator Farley to explain his

         6       vote.

         7                      SENATOR FARLEY:  Thank you, Mr.

         8       President.

         9                      Having been a sponsor of the 65

        10       mile-an-hour speed limit for a number of years

        11       and having worked with Senator Johnson on this,

        12       putting our bills together, working with the

        13       Assembly and with the Conference Committee, it

        14       was able to bring this to fruition, and with the

        15       Governor that supported it, our Majority Leader,

        16       it's an example of this Legislature doing what

        17       the people of the state of New York want.

        18                      There's overwhelming support for

        19       having a reasonable speed limit.  Will people

        20       drive 80 miles an hour?  I certainly hope not,

        21       and I think they will be arrested if they do.  I

        22       think that this is a reasonable speed limit on

        23       rural interstates.  The Conference Committee











                                                             
5204

         1       worked well.  We put together a piece of legis

         2       lation which is reasonable, which affects the

         3       parts of the state -- the upstate parts of the

         4       state where rural interstates, and so forth,

         5       exist and where people are not only now driving

         6       over 55 miles an hour, but they will be able to

         7       do it legally, and I think safely.

         8                      Again, there have been studies

         9       that show that where states have raised the

        10       speed limit on rural interstates, that the death

        11       rate has actually gone down.  Why?  Because they

        12       think that the people do not drive on the back

        13       roads and the roads that are more dangerous and

        14       then drive on the interstates which are safer at

        15       65 than the back roads are at 55.  I don't know

        16       the rationale, but the LAVE study has showed

        17       that.

        18                      I think this is something that

        19       the people of the state of New York has wanted.

        20       I commend Senator Johnson and my colleagues that

        21       served on the Conference Committee and have

        22       worked on this legislation for so long.

        23                      It's a bill that will be signed.











                                                             
5205

         1       It will be the law of New York State, and I

         2       think it's been a long time in coming.

         3                      I vote aye.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         5       Farley in the affirmative.

         6                      The Chair recognizes Senator

         7       Mendez.

         8                      SENATOR MENDEZ:  Mr. President, I

         9       also do want to congratulate the Conference

        10       Committee for an excellent job in reconciling

        11       the differences between the Senate and the

        12       Assembly bill.

        13                      I do know that states in the

        14       nation do have 65 miles per hour limits.  Con

        15       cerning the number of fatalities, Mr. President,

        16       the fact remains that those -- there are two

        17       studies in that area, and one claims that deaths

        18       have been reduced and the other one concluded

        19       the opposite, in reviewing the data.  So I

        20       really believe that, although most New Yorkers

        21       are traveling, at least in the Thruway, at 64.9

        22       miles per hour, I really believe that in

        23       increasing the speed to 65 miles per hour could











                                                             
5206

         1       end up in greater number of accidents and

         2       deaths.

         3                      Therefore, I'll be consistent

         4       once more and vote against this bill.

         5                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         6       Mendez in the negative.

         7                      The Chair recognizes Senator

         8       Gold.

         9                      SENATOR GOLD:  Yeah, thank you.

        10                      As so many people have said, the

        11       Conference Committee did fine work, but you can

        12       only deal with what you have, and basically they

        13       reconciled differences but they didn't reconcile

        14       the issue.

        15                      Senator Farley, who I greatly

        16       respect, says you give the people what they

        17       want.  I always thought that what the people

        18       wanted, Senator Farley, was for us to use our

        19       heads and think rationally about things and,

        20       well, Senator Levy says we pass the law and then

        21       it's it up to others.  They go out and kill

        22       themselves, we didn't do anything wrong; we only

        23       raised the speed limit, and I just think this is











                                                             
5207

         1       putting our heads in the sand.  It really is.

         2                      People say, Well, I think this

         3       and I think that, but the bottom line is that

         4       before we passed the 55-mile-an-hour speed limit

         5       in New York State, 3100 people on the average

         6       were dying on our highways.  Since we passed it,

         7       that has fallen in New York State down to 2300.

         8       That's a big number.  That really is an awfully

         9       big number.

        10                      I'm also told that in the states

        11       that have increased the speed limit, Senator

        12       Farley, you are wrong, that in 1992, the death

        13       tolls in those states were 17 percent higher.

        14       Now, that's -- those are really just big

        15       numbers.

        16                      I remember, and I'm sure

        17       everybody here remembers here what happened on

        18       the roads before it went to 55.  Nobody drove

        19       65.  When you were doing 65 and the guy passed

        20       you at 80, it didn't seem so much, and then some

        21       guy passed him at 90, and we had a disaster out

        22       there and it was a disaster out there for the

        23       police.  You would not want to be the State











                                                             
5208

         1       Trooper who has to bring somebody to the side of

         2       the road who's doing 90, 95 miles an hour, and I

         3       really do believe that, under the existing law

         4       where we have it at 55 and everybody knows but

         5       you're not allowed to say it out loud, that the

         6       cops don't stop if you you're doing under 63 or

         7       64, well, then it's 63, 64, but at 65 it becomes

         8       75 and 80, and that's exactly what happens, and

         9       I think that the experience that we've had has

        10       shown that we have actually been able to save

        11       lives, and I see no reason to go back on that.

        12                      I vote no.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        14       Gold in the negative.

        15                      The Chair recognizes Senator

        16       Stavisky to explain his vote.

        17                      SENATOR STAVISKY:  Mr. President,

        18       we certainly should praise the participants in

        19       the conference effort, but that does not

        20       necessarily mean that we should agree with the

        21       final work product.

        22                      I think this is a better bill

        23       than it would have been without the conference,











                                                             
5209

         1       but I believe that we still have some hard

         2       decisions to make.

         3                      There probably isn't anyone in

         4       this room who has not held a breath or said a

         5       prayer as a tandem trailer has passed at an

         6       excessive speed, with the hope that that tandem

         7       trailer will pass without swerving onto our

         8       lane.  We have all seen the results and heard

         9       the results if we haven't witnessed them

        10       ourselves, of the carnage that has occurred when

        11       one of those tandem trailers has turned over,

        12       often because of excessive speed and the

        13       curvature of the road or the exhaustion that the

        14       driver experiences.

        15                      What about a trucker who has a

        16       schedule to make -- and that's not a mini-car;

        17       that's a tandem trailer -- that individual has a

        18       schedule to meet and is told, "You get that

        19       delivery to this destination by this time, and

        20       we don't want to hear anything else"?

        21                      What about those that will

        22       continue to drive past the time when they should

        23       pull over on the side of the road to rest?  We











                                                             
5210

         1       cannot have a piece of paper, no matter if it is

         2       signed by respected officials of state

         3       government, that guarantees us that that trucker

         4       will not continue to remain behind the wheel

         5       long after it is no longer safe.

         6                      We've seen the situation too many

         7       times, and when individuals who are constituents

         8       of ours or members of a family of constituents

         9       of ours or, God forbid, members of our own

        10       families who may be injured or worse because of

        11       the passage of this legislation, I do not think

        12       we would be proud of this moment.

        13                      The insurance companies are not

        14       anxious to shell out unnecessarily high settle

        15       ments.  The Insurance Institute for Highway

        16       Safety is opposed to this legislation, and if

        17       the delivery has to occur at a slightly later

        18       hour, do not endanger our constituents.  There

        19       are too many shipments of flammable materials.

        20       We can no longer be assured that toxic wastes

        21       will not be passing through the highways where

        22       this extra speed limit is permitted.

        23                      Under these circumstances, I











                                                             
5211

         1       don't think we should pass this.  I think we

         2       should have further restrictions on the types of

         3       vehicles that are permitted to travel at this

         4       speed and hope that the motorists are sensible

         5       enough even if the vehicle is not a large one,

         6       to pull over to the side of the road when there

         7       is the tendency to be over-fatigued.

         8                      Under these circumstances, I wish

         9       to be recorded in the negative.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        11       Stavisky in the negative.

        12                      Senator Solomon to explain his

        13       vote.

        14                      SENATOR SOLOMON:  Thank you, Mr.

        15       President.

        16                      As I debated this bill earlier

        17       when it came up in the Senate before it went to

        18       Conference Committee, I believe we're taking a

        19       dangerous step, as a number of speakers before

        20       me in explaining their vote had stated.

        21                      We are taking a step where, in

        22       fact, increasing the speed limit has only

        23       evidenced one thing in other states where it's











                                                             
5212

         1       been done before, an increase in the number of

         2       deaths on our highways, and I just question

         3       whether or not that it's worth it to allow

         4       people to arrive at a destination a few minutes

         5       early because that's all it translates into is a

         6       few minutes earlier, where we're going to have

         7       some people lose their lives.

         8                      I dare say you can see this,

         9       trucks on the Thruway that now generally many of

        10       them do over 70 miles an hour, they'll be doing

        11       80 miles an hour, and I should remind you that

        12       most fatalities occur in accidents between

        13       trucks and passenger automobiles, and many of

        14       these roads that have been designated are

        15       heavily travelled roads by truck traffic.

        16                      So I'm going to vote against this

        17       bill because I don't believe it's worth it,

        18       worth that one life, that first life that's

        19       going to be lost because of an increase in the

        20       speed limit so that numerous other people can

        21       arrrive at a destination earlier.

        22                      Thank you.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator











                                                             
5213

         1       Solomon in the negative.

         2                      Senator LaValle to explain his

         3       vote.  Senator LaValle waives.

         4                      Senator Oppenheimer to explain

         5       her vote.

         6                      SENATOR OPPENHEIMER:  I'll be

         7       voting affirmatively on this.

         8                      A couple of points I wanted to

         9       make.  One is that -- one of the reasons we feel

        10       that the fatalities are down is not just that

        11       the speed limit has been down but that there

        12       have been many innovations made in the cars that

        13       we are driving.  For instance, years ago, we did

        14       not have mandatory seat belts.  We did not have

        15       air bags.  We did not have anti-locking brakes.

        16       We feel these are contributing to a safer nation

        17       of motorists.

        18                      In looking at the roads that were

        19       subsequently added or detracted, depending -

        20       subtracted, depending on which bill you're

        21       looking at, there were many factors that went

        22       into the determination of these particular roads

        23       that are enumerated, and we looked closely at











                                                             
5214

         1       the number of accidents, the number of accidents

         2       that had fatalities, the volume on each of these

         3       roads, the density of the population centers

         4       where these roads traveled by, and it was very

         5       carefully looked at, and these roads were not

         6       determined lightly and great discussions took

         7       place over certain roads that many people on the

         8       committee wanted but were felt not appropriate

         9       because of the stricter standards that we had

        10       put down.

        11                      The fact of the matter is that

        12       everybody is going these speeds now on these

        13       highways.  I know if you try and sit at 55, you

        14       can't even stay in the slowest lane because

        15       people are not traveling at 55 and they're not

        16       traveling at 65; they're traveling even faster

        17       than that, and anticipating now that people

        18       would say -- motorists would say, "Well, at 65,

        19       of course, I can probably go nine miles over

        20       that speed limit before I'll get nailed."  Well,

        21       we've taken that into account too, and what

        22       we're going to be doing is we're going to be

        23       having stricter enforcement of the law when this











                                                             
5215

         1       turns to 65 so that we will see that those who

         2       are exceeding the limit will be caught and we're

         3       also going to increase the penalties, and so we

         4       feel this will be a deterrent to people who

         5       think, "Oh, now, that's an opportunity for me to

         6       go another ten miles faster or nine miles faster

         7       than the limit."

         8                      I think a lot of thought has gone

         9       into this and a lot of accommodation, and I feel

        10       it's realistic and hopefully we will see no

        11       increase.  We are certainly going to monitor

        12       this.  We will hopefully see no increase in the

        13       number of fatalities, but I can assure you, if

        14       we do see an increase, it will be caught quickly

        15       and it will be -- after all, none of our laws

        16       are written in stone.

        17                      So I feel this is a joint effort

        18       that has been successful after a good amount of

        19       give and take, and I'm pleased with the result.

        20                      I vote yes.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        22       Oppenheimer in the affirmative.

        23                      Senator Dollinger to explain his











                                                             
5216

         1       vote.

         2                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Mr.

         3       President, I extend my congratulations to

         4       members of the Conference Committee as well.  I

         5       would only have one suggestion the next time a

         6       Conference Committee convenes.  It seems, even

         7       at this stage, we're still debating about which

         8       one of the studies is accurate, whether the

         9       fatalities went up or they went down.  My

        10       recommendation of those in the Conference

        11       Committee would be, get both of the people who

        12       conducted those studies in here; let's ask them

        13       questions and find out why those two studies

        14       could come to different conclusions so we can

        15       make an independent judgment as to which of

        16       those two studies is accurate and fair.

        17                      The other concerns I have,

        18       Senator Levy has taken care of one with the

        19       school bus initiative.  I was also impressed

        20       during the last time this went around before we

        21       sent it off to Conference Committee about the

        22       importance of enforcement.  Senator Levy, I

        23       think, said without contradiction that these











                                                             
5217

         1       highways are built to accommodate 70 miles an

         2       hour and I, for one, do not want to see anybody

         3       zipping by ten miles faster than 65, because it

         4       was my understanding that we would say to those

         5       people who drive faster than 70, we would not

         6       only hit them with additional points, but we

         7       would look at the possibility of additional

         8       fines, and my hope is that we'll put one of

         9       those Pennsylvania signs on the other side of

        10       the border that says, "You come into New York

        11       State and exceed our 65 mile-an-hour speed limit

        12       by more than five miles, it will cost you

        13       $250".  That may get the kind of results that

        14       we're after because I think, as everybody points

        15       out -- as everybody points out, if you go faster

        16       than 70 miles an hour on these highways, you're

        17       going at an unsafe speed, and my view is that

        18       we've got to make sure that nobody is cheating

        19       over the 65 mile-an-hour speed limit.

        20                      My other concern, even though I'm

        21       going to vote in favor of this bill, is what

        22       this will do to travel on other highways.  My

        23       sense is that by raising the speed limit to 65,











                                                             
5218

         1       we may find that on our rural highways, which

         2       are only built for 55, we may find everybody

         3       inching up to 65 because that's now the accepted

         4       norm on our divided highways and on our

         5       interstates.

         6                      Nonetheless, despite those

         7       concerns, I agree with Senator Oppenheimer.  I

         8       don't believe the bill is written in stone.  I

         9       think we ought to keep a very close eye on it.

        10       I know it has a sunset.  I hope the Department

        11       of Transportation will do its own studies.

        12       There may be some risk in this.  My sense is,

        13       and I agree with Senator Farley, I think

        14       everybody has been going 65 for years, but let's

        15       make sure they don't go any faster.  Let's put

        16       the enforcement system in to restrict people

        17       from going even five miles faster than the 65

        18       mile-an-hour speed limit.

        19                      I'll be voting in favor, Mr.

        20       President.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        22       Dollinger in the affirmative.

        23                      Senator Johnson to explain his











                                                             
5219

         1       vote.

         2                      SENATOR JOHNSON:  Mr. President,

         3       I'd like to begin by congratulating all the

         4       members of the Conference Committee, my

         5       colleagues, yourself, Senator Kuhl, Senator

         6       Farley, Senator Oppenheimer and, of course, even

         7       the Assembly, Mr. Bragman, Gantt, Mr. Destito

         8       and Glick for sitting through three sessions and

         9       so -- working this bill over pretty well and

        10       coming to a consensus.

        11                      You know, I never -- I'm not

        12       really prepared to debate the bill again since

        13       we passed our first bill by 46 to 8 and in the

        14       Assembly by 120 to 22, so I'm really happy to

        15       know that the representatives in this state are

        16       expressing the will of the people who sent them

        17       here, and I think it's very appropriate.

        18                      Also, that historically accidents

        19       have gone down year by year, deaths per hundred

        20       million miles have gone down year by year.

        21       That's continued even in the states which have

        22       gone to the legal limit of 65.  In fact, as

        23       we're talking here, the bill is before the











                                                             
5220

         1       Governor in Maryland and Pennsylvania has passed

         2       it in one house; it will pass the other, so New

         3       York State will be joining the rest of the

         4       nation expressing the view of their people going

         5       back to the 65 mile-an-hour limit; and did you

         6       ever think about it, that if the Arabs didn't

         7       pull out the shortage figures and raise the

         8       price of fuel so much, we would have been

         9       traveling 65 all the while, nobody would have

        10       been concerned about it, and we wouldn't be here

        11       today; but we're here today.  I'm glad you're

        12       all here.

        13                      Thank you very much for being

        14       here and for expressing your support for this

        15       measure.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        17       Johnson in the affirmative.

        18                      Announce the results.

        19                      THE SECRETARY:  Those recorded in

        20       the negative on Calendar Number 612, Senators

        21       Abate, Cook, Gold, LaValle, Leichter, Mendez,

        22       Sears, Solomon, Stavisky and Volker.

        23                      Ayes 49, nays 10.











                                                             
5221

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

         2       is passed.

         3                      Senator Solomon.

         4                      SENATOR SOLOMON:  Yes, Mr.

         5       President.  Can I have unanimous consent to be

         6       recorded in the negative on Calendar Number

         7       336?

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Without

         9       objection, Senator Solomon will be recorded in

        10       the negative on Calendar Number 336.

        11                      Senator Marcellino.

        12                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Mr.

        13       President, may we now please take up Calendar

        14       Number 608, Senate 4475?

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        16       Secretary will read Calendar Number 608.

        17                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        18       608, Budget Bill, Senate Print 4475, an act

        19       making an appropriation for the support of

        20       government.

        21                      SENATOR CONNOR:  Explanation.

        22                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        23       Stafford, an explanation has been asked for by











                                                             
5222

         1       Senator Connor.

         2                      SENATOR STAFFORD:  Mr. President,

         3       this is an emergency appropriation for the

         4       administrative payroll.

         5                      The bill appropriates 131.5

         6       million to meet the May 3rd payroll for certain

         7       executive branch officers and employees.  It

         8       does not include the Governor, Lieutenant

         9       Governor, state Comptroller, Attorney General

        10       and those employees of the Executive Chamber not

        11       subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act for whom

        12       notice has been provided to the Comptroller by

        13       the Secretary to the Governor.

        14                      It appropriates 30.5 million to

        15       meet the May 3rd payroll for all officers,

        16       employees of the judiciary.  It also approp

        17       riates $40,000 -- and it gets hard to read from

        18       40 billion to 40 million to 40,000, but it

        19       appropriates 40,000 to meet the May 3rd payroll

        20       for officers, employees of the Legislative

        21       Library, legislatve nurses and legislative

        22       messenger personnel and other legislative staff

        23       who are not included.











                                                             
5223

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The Chair

         2       recognizes Senator Connor.

         3                      SENATOR CONNOR:  Thank you, Mr.

         4       President.

         5                      Mr. President, it appears that

         6       once again the Governor has failed to submit to

         7       the Legislature provisions for paying the staff

         8       of the two houses of the Legislature.

         9                      Mr. President, we've said it

        10       before on this floor and I say it again, and I

        11       ask my colleagues in all sincerity on both sides

        12       of the aisle, why?  Please tell me, someone,

        13       where is the logic in paying deputy budget

        14       directors, unit heads in the budget department

        15       who make over $100,000 a year, who presumably

        16       better have something to do with passing a

        17       budget in this state; where is the logic in

        18       paying them and not paying a $19,000-a-year

        19       secretary or receptionist in the Legislature?

        20                      Where, my colleagues, is the

        21       logic in paying over 90- and $100,000 to

        22       commissioners in the executive branch and not

        23       paying the Legislature's interns who make a











                                                             
5224

         1       paltry sum in living expenses while they are up

         2       here on what is supposed to be an educational

         3       experience on a non-partisan basis?  They are

         4       not players in the legislative process or the

         5       budget process. They're here to learn.

         6                      Indeed, I've had the experience

         7       of some wonderful interns over the years.  Some

         8       times we chat after hours.  It was explained to

         9       me they were conservative Republicans, and I was

        10       a very moderate Democrat myself (laughter) and

        11       we had a lot in common, but we weren't fellow

        12       partisans because that's not why they're here,

        13       and we all know that.

        14                      Many of you on the other side of

        15       the aisle have young people, student interns.

        16       They happen to be Democrats and Conservatives or

        17       whatever, and vice versa.  They're not chosen on

        18       a partisan basis.  It's not a partisan program.

        19       They're not here to make policy.  They're here

        20       to learn about state government and what a sad

        21       lesson we teach these students when the state of

        22       New York, when the Legislature doesn't keep our

        23       commitment to pay their subsistence stipend so











                                                             
5225

         1       they can pay their rent and put food on their

         2       table.  Where is the logic in that?

         3                      You know, I was informed a few

         4       days ago that some legislative employees had

         5       filed suit in the Northern District of New York

         6       alleging -- and I believe they will be upheld

         7       ultimately -- that the withholding of their pay

         8       is unconstitutional, and I have to say this.  I

         9       have had staff who work on both sides of this

        10       aisle and members on both sides of this aisle,

        11       the ones on this side of the aisle say openly,

        12       "I hope they win that lawsuit," and people on

        13       the other side of the aisle say, "I hope you

        14       win.  I hope they win the lawsuit because it's

        15       not right."

        16                      Well, my colleagues, stop

        17       whispering and get up and say what's right or

        18       wrong.  In the last 18 years that I've been

        19       here, we had Democratic governors until this

        20       year and, indeed, there were times when Governor

        21       Carey or Governor Cuomo made some proposal,

        22       sometimes to capture headlines or whatever -

        23       we're going to do this, we're not going to do











                                                             
5226

         1       that, I propose that -- and I observed real

         2       leadership at work over those years on some of

         3       those occasions, and I observed the legislators

         4       doing their job as independent voices for what

         5       the Constitution tells us is our obligation, and

         6       I observed them on both sides of the aisle, but

         7       it wasn't surprising when Republicans in the

         8       Assembly and Republicans in the Senate and their

         9       leaders said, Oh, no, we don't agree with that.

        10       We're not going along with that.  But I saw it

        11       from Democratic Speakers and I saw it from the

        12       Democratic Minority Leader in this Senate then,

        13       and I heard it from Democratic colleagues in

        14       this house and the other house.

        15                      Think back.  Think back.  There

        16       were times when Democrats in the Legislature

        17       said to those governors, No, with all due

        18       respect, you're a Democrat, we generally support

        19       you, but you're wrong on that one.

        20                      Where are the voices of

        21       independence and reason from the leadership in

        22       this house and the other house on the Republican

        23       side?  Whispering.  That's where they are, "Hope











                                                             
5227

         1       we win the lawsuit."  Well, stand up and be

         2       counted.  This is wrong what we're doing.  It is

         3       absolutely wrong.  Every tradition, every major

         4       religious tradition from the Muslims, Judaism,

         5       Christianity, that has an ethical code, demands

         6       that workers be paid for their work.

         7                      You know, our employees aren't

         8       free not to come to work.  The Taylor Law

         9       forbids them -- forbids them from collectively

        10       refusing to come to work.  We have a law on the

        11       books that says you must come to work, and we're

        12       not paying them?  We're not paying people who

        13       make $22,000 a year?

        14                      And all of those religious

        15       ethical codes say that is a grave moral injus

        16       tice, a grave moral injustice not to pay workers

        17       their wages.  But we don't need that.  Common

        18       sense tells us that.  Our own sense of right and

        19       wrong tells us that, and you all know it's true,

        20       all of you.

        21                      Some of the people who brought

        22       lawsuits, incredible stories.  In the Assembly,

        23       Suzanne Haley makes $10,000 to work full time











                                                             
5228

         1       during the session, supports three minor

         2       children on that, but we're not going to pay her

         3       because George Pataki says she should get a

         4       budget passed?

         5                      Ruth Verbal works for the Senate

         6       Minority, earns $24,000 a year, primary wage

         7       earner in her household, has a child.  I could

         8       go on, people, single parents with two and three

         9       children make 22-, 19-, $21,000 a year, and

        10       we're not going to pay them; and, you know, when

        11       they held a protest a week or two ago, some of

        12       the staff outside the mansion, the protest with

        13       Governor Pataki was doing in not submitting this

        14       emergency appropriation because the Governor

        15       must submit emergency appropriations as we all

        16       know, the Governor's reply was to the press,

        17       They should go persuade their legislators to

        18       pass a budget.  They should go lean on their

        19       legislators to pass a budget.

        20                      My friends and colleagues, we

        21       have a Legislative Law that makes it a crime for

        22       them to do that.  Do you know that?  Section

        23       66(a) of the Legislative Law, "Prohibited











                                                             
5229

         1       Activity by Legislative Employees:  No

         2       legislative employee shall, except within the

         3       scope of legislative employment, directly or

         4       indirectly promote or oppose the passage of

         5       bills or resolutions by either house," and that

         6       section makes it a misdemeanor, a crime.

         7                      Now, that doesn't mean staff who

         8       work for the Finance Committee can't advocate

         9       positions on the budget, because that's within

        10       the scope of their legislative duties; but I

        11       submit to you that it's not within the scope of

        12       the legislative duties of interns, reception

        13       ists secretaries in the correspondence division,

        14       people who work for other divisions, people -

        15       many of the people who work in your own

        16       offices.  If dealing with the budget is not one

        17       of their duties, it is a crime for them to be

        18       urging you, Pass the budget, vote for this

        19       budget, don't vote for that budget.  Yet the

        20       Governor says they should go -- they should go

        21       tell us pass the budget so they get paid for

        22       wages they earn.

        23                      I have a letter -- a copy of a











                                                             
5230

         1       letter I was given today, to the Governor, that

         2       I would like to share with you.

         3                       "Dear Governor Pataki:  I am

         4       writing to you as one of thousands of Senate and

         5       Assembly employees who are having their salaries

         6       withheld at your insistence until the state

         7       budget is adopted by the Legislature.

         8                       "Since you are the one who has

         9       decided that I should be penalized for the

        10       trouble you are having in negotiating a final

        11       spending plan, I thought you might be able to

        12       help me with a problem I am having that is

        13       directly associated with my lack of a paycheck.

        14       The problem is this:

        15                       "I live outside of Albany, in

        16       the city of Troy --" who's the Senator there,

        17       may I ask -- "and must take the bus back and

        18       forth every day to get to work, but without a

        19       paycheck I cannot now afford the $14 a week I

        20       must spend on bus fare.  It is already a

        21       struggle for me as a single mother to provide

        22       support for my daughter and son, pay 550 a month

        23       in rent and meet other household expenses on a











                                                             
5231

         1       $23,500 annual salary.

         2                       "As I can hope you can

         3       understand, my inability to afford public

         4       transportation back and forth to Albany is very

         5       worrisome to me.  I need my job and do not want

         6       to fall behind in my work as a secretary in the

         7       Senate Democratic Leaders Correspondence Unit.

         8                       "Since I do not have any control

         9       over budget negotiations and cannot, therefore,

        10       do anything to make sure that my paychecks

        11       resume any time in the near future, I am

        12       respectfully requesting that you take some kind

        13       of action to help me get back and forth to my

        14       job and that you consider the following

        15       suggestions:

        16                       "First, I understand that you

        17       have a taxpayer-supported car and driver at your

        18       disposal.  Since I am a taxpayer or was until

        19       you halted my salary, I thought you might want

        20       to send your chauffeur to take me to work every

        21       morning and home to my children every evening.

        22                       "As a second option, I

        23       understand that you are continuing to pay full











                                                             
5232

         1       salaries to your highly paid state agency

         2       commissioners and most of the budget division

         3       employees.  If any of these officials live near

         4       me, perhaps they can give me a ride.

         5                       "I anxiously await your reply to

         6       my request for this small bit of assistance.  If

         7       you really believe that my presence at work as a

         8       legislative employee is key to getting a Senate

         9       budget in place, I cannot imagine why you would

        10       continue to make it unaffordable for me to come

        11       into the office and do my work.  Even if you

        12       ultimately refuse to help me get to work, I hope

        13       my letter will at least assist you in

        14       understanding the terrible hardships your

        15       decision is posing for so many employees.

        16       Sincerely, Theresa Crisp."

        17                      Who's going to give this mother a

        18       ride to work when she doesn't get a paycheck?

        19       Do we really believe that a single mother of

        20       two, who makes twenty-three five, has savings to

        21       fall back on, has resources to fall back on, can

        22       just walk into a bank and sign her name and get

        23       a big bridge loan?  Of course, she can't.











                                                             
5233

         1                      These are the people being hurt

         2       by this policy, and I ask all of my colleagues,

         3       stand up and be heard.  Demand of the Governor,

         4       whether he's from your party or not, that he do

         5       the right thing and stop this mindful nonsense.

         6       It was a promise, a speech, a threat made in the

         7       State of the State address.  It sounded

         8       wonderful.  Even he realized you had to pay the

         9       legislative nurses.  He didn't think about the

        10       interns.  It was a promise made in haste.

        11                      Please, do as I saw leaders and

        12       members do for the last 18 years.  Stand up and

        13       speak out to your own Governor, if you are a

        14       Republican, for what is right.  Stop whisper

        15       ing.  Of course, the staff should be paid.  We

        16       all know that.  Sometimes partisanship asks too

        17       much.  To be silent in the face of such a moral

        18       injustice, I respectfully suggest, is asking too

        19       much, and I know -- let's put it another way.

        20                      If any member of this house

        21       thinks this is the right thing to do, stand up

        22       and say so now.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The Chair











                                                             
5234

         1       recognizes Senator Waldon.

         2                      SENATOR WALDON:  Mr. President,

         3       would the learned gentleman who is the chair of

         4       our Finance Committee yield to a question or

         5       two?

         6                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         7       Stafford, do you yield to Senator Waldon?  The

         8       Senator yields.

         9                      SENATOR WALDON:  Thank you very

        10       much, Mr. President.

        11                      Senator Stafford, I appreciate

        12       your indulgence.  Are you familiar with the term

        13       "involuntary servitude"?

        14                      SENATOR STAFFORD:  The answer is

        15       what you think it is.

        16                      SENATOR WALDON:  Sir?  I can't

        17       hear you, Senator.  I'm sorry.

        18                      I didn't hear the Senator, Mr.

        19       President.

        20                      SENATOR STAFFORD:  I said the

        21       answer is what you think it is.  Yes.

        22                      SENATOR WALDON:  Are you also -

        23       thank you very much, Senator.











                                                             
5235

         1                      Mr. President, if I may continue?

         2                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         3       Stafford, do you continue to yield?

         4                      (There was no response.)

         5                      SENATOR WALDON:  The Senator

         6       doesn't wish to yield?

         7                      SENATOR STAFFORD:  I understood

         8       you were going to speak.

         9                      SENATOR WALDON:  No, no, sir.  If

        10       I may, Mr. President, just a couple more

        11       questions, and this is serious.  This is not a

        12       frivolous activity.  If the Senator would yield

        13       to another question?

        14                      SENATOR STAFFORD:  Certainly.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        16       Senator yields, Senator Waldon.

        17                      SENATOR WALDON:  Senator

        18       Stafford, are you aware of or familiar with the

        19       fact that in this nation, involuntary servitude

        20       was eliminated as a course of action many, many,

        21       many, many years ago?

        22                      SENATOR STAFFORD:  I would point

        23       out that my colleague who is questioning me, and











                                                             
5236

         1       who I respect a great deal and we've got along

         2       extremely well, I'm taking probably more

         3       seriously than you are what you're asking me.  I

         4       don't know that the question really is

         5       pertinent, but out of my respect and caring for

         6       you, I will, of course, acknowledge that is the

         7       case.

         8                      SENATOR WALDON:  Thank you very

         9       much, Mr. President, Senator Stafford.

        10                      Mr. President, if I may speak on

        11       the bill.

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        13       Waldon, on the bill.

        14                      SENATOR WALDON:  My colleagues,

        15       the point I was attempting to make and I think

        16       it's abundantly clear, is that the people who

        17       are not being paid have been put into the

        18       position of involuntary servitude, which is

        19       anathema to everything that this nation stands

        20       for at this time in 1995.  It may have been

        21       acceptable for certain people in this country in

        22       1860, but it is no longer acceptable for any

        23       people in 1995.











                                                             
5237

         1                      The tragedy is that this

         2       Governor's action has, in effect, put all

         3       people, be they black, white, Jew or gentile,

         4       who are in the position of not receiving their

         5       paychecks for work done, in the status of

         6       involuntary servitude.

         7                      Therefore, I would hope that

         8       someone would recognize the wrongness, the

         9       viciousness, the visceral action being done by

        10       the second floor and let us rid ourselves of

        11       this albatross.  It is not fair.  It is not fair

        12       as characterized by Senator Connor.  It is not

        13       fair for the woman who works in my office as a

        14       receptionist.  It is not fair that people who

        15       are in that position are now working Saturdays

        16       and Sundays just to get enough money to feed

        17       their children.

        18                      It is abhorrent to all that we

        19       stand for as a people, as a body, as a state and

        20       as a nation.  To my understanding, this kind of

        21       action has never happened before in America, and

        22       it is time that it stopped.

        23                      Thank you very much, Mr.











                                                             
5238

         1       President.

         2                      Thank you, Senator Stafford.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The Chair

         4       recognizes Senator Marcellino.

         5                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Mr.

         6       President, as one who has come to this house

         7       only recently and who has yet to receive a

         8       paycheck, some people in my district, including

         9       my wife, wonder why I'm here under those

        10       circumstances, and I remind them very simply

        11       that we're all in the same boat, because while

        12       it might not be fair that some people aren't

        13       getting paid right now, it is also not fair that

        14       the taxpayers of this state are saddled with a

        15       burden of a $5 billion deficit which has to be

        16       dealt with.

        17                      We wouldn't be debating here

        18       today if the Assembly had passed a budget in a

        19       timely fashion as was done in this house.  There

        20       wouldn't be a problem, had the other chamber

        21       done their job in the light of day like we did

        22       ours and passed a budget in a timely fashion.

        23                      So, you know, I might agree about











                                                             
5239

         1       some unfairness in the world, but I think it's

         2       unfair to the taxpayers of this state to keep

         3       this thing going on and on and on and on, and I

         4       suggest to my learned colleague, Mr. Connors,

         5       that he go back to the Assembly Speaker and say,

         6       Pass the rest of your budget bills, and we'll be

         7       finished and everybody will get paid.

         8                      Thank you.

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        10       Dollinger.

        11                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Would Senator

        12       Marcellino yield to a question?

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        14       Marcellino, do you yield to Senator Dollinger?

        15                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Yes.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        17       yields.

        18                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Senator, do

        19       you think innocent people ought to be punished

        20       in order to influence those who are guilty?

        21                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  I don't

        22       think anybody is guilty or innocent.  I think

        23       the taxpayers of this state deserve a fair











                                                             
5240

         1       shake.  They deserved a budget which was, by

         2       law, to be done by April 1st.  It was not done.

         3       It was done in this chamber.  It was not done in

         4       the other chamber.

         5                      Senator, I would suggest, if you

         6       want to lay guilt, go back to the other side of

         7       this building and say to your colleagues in the

         8       Majority, "Ladies and gentlemen, pass a budget,

         9       pass your Article 7 bills, pass your entire

        10       budget," and then everybody will get paid and

        11       the taxpayers of this state will be well served.

        12                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Okay.  So

        13       you're willing to punish the innocent people who

        14       have no influence on the budget process to

        15       somehow influence the judgment of those of us

        16       who are guilty, who are elected officials and,

        17       therefore, responsible, you're going to punish

        18       innocent people to somehow affect those who,

        19       quote, are "guilty", is that it?

        20                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Senator, if

        21       you want to talk about punishment, I would

        22       suggest we go back to our districts and we

        23       discuss with our residents in our districts who











                                                             
5241

         1       are being punished now in an over-taxed state

         2       which is over-spending and over-taxing for

         3       years.  Twenty years it has been going on, sir.

         4       $5 billion worth of deficit has been run up.

         5                      We're trying to address that -

         6       excuse me.  The Governor of this state is trying

         7       to address that.  This house, I believe, has

         8       already addressed that.  We've passed a budget

         9       that would spend less and tax less and cut a

        10       whole slew of problems.  If we could get that

        11       action out of the other house, we would not be

        12       here engaging in this exercise.

        13                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Mr.

        14       President, Senator Marcellino yield to just one

        15       final question?

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        17       Marcellino, do you yield to just one final

        18       question?

        19                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Sure.

        20                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Is there any

        21       employee who works for this Legislature, any

        22       employee who has had anything to do with

        23       spending $5 billion in additional funds?  Is











                                                             
5242

         1       there any employee in this Legislature other

         2       than Steve Sloan, obviously -- my colleagues

         3       mentioned Steve Sloan.  Is there anybody in this

         4       Legislature who is not an elected official that

         5       had anything to do with racking up those monies,

         6       spending more than we were taking in?  Why

         7       should those innocent people who didn't have a

         8       thing to do with it, why should they work for a

         9       month and not get paid?

        10                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Because

        11       those innocent individuals are also taxpayers

        12       and they are also going to suffer under the

        13       actions of or the inaction of the Assembly.  If

        14       there was a budget, they would be paid, and this

        15       state would be better off for it, sir.

        16                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  I'd just like

        17       to point out to Senator Marcellino, they're no

        18       longer taxpayers.  They haven't paid taxes in a

        19       month.

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        21       Dollinger.  Senator Dollinger, you're out of

        22       order.

        23                      The Chair recognizes Senator











                                                             
5243

         1       Paterson is next on the list.

         2                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Thank you, Mr.

         3       President.

         4                      I know that there is a court case

         5       that has been initiated and I'm standing here

         6       trying to think of what the counter-arguments

         7       could be to why people who work might not get

         8       paid.  One that comes to mind would be that

         9       there would be some compelling state interest

        10       that would be served, that this would force to

        11       get a budget passed more quickly, to have staff

        12       members punished and not be paid.  I suggest

        13       that argument would not work.

        14                      A second argument would be that

        15       there's no real irreparable harm to the employ

        16       ees, "irreparable" meaning basically permanent

        17       harm, because eventually they would get their

        18       money back.  You might get kicked out of your

        19       apartment at that particular time, but I guess

        20       they feel eventually you can go find another

        21       apartment or something like that, and so the

        22       irreparable harm argument, in my opinion, would

        23       be met by this particular situation or the











                                                             
5244

         1       irreparable harm argument really wouldn't apply.

         2                      The final counter-argument that I

         3       can think of is that we really, as the

         4       judiciary, do not want to meddle into the

         5       legislative branch, and although that might be

         6       the one argument that has some merit from my

         7       point of view, the fact is that that's the exact

         8       same argument that we have been using for the

         9       last month to try to stop the Governor from

        10       imposing his will on the legislators and the

        11       legislative staff and the interns, and that is

        12       that we don't want one segment of government

        13       imposing themselves on what is the purview and

        14       the duty of another segment, and so we don't

        15       want to have that constitutional test.

        16                      All of these counter-arguments,

        17       in my opinion, are really just in furtherance of

        18       the art of sophistry, when you want to do

        19       something and you just make up reasons for why

        20       you did it, and that's what I think is going on

        21       here, and that's what I think really brings this

        22       process down.  You make bold statements and then

        23       you have to find some reason, be it logical or











                                                             
5245

         1       illogical, to try to back them up.

         2                      If the budget had passed, then

         3       the staff would have been paid.  Well, the

         4       Assembly has now passed their budget and is in

         5       the process -- that doesn't mean that the entire

         6       budget is going to be passed; it just means the

         7       Senate had an idea what their budget should be

         8       and they publicized it.  Now the Assembly has an

         9       idea what their budget should be and they

        10       publicized it.  That doesn't get the budget to

        11       pass.  There has to be agreement.  That has to

        12       be negotiation, and there has to be a final

        13       legislative process and a final bill that

        14       everyone can agree on, or a series of bills.

        15                      So that's not the reason, and

        16       sometimes I think these types of situations

        17       become deliberately euphemistic and complicated

        18       when the reality is very simple.  It kind of

        19       reminds me of reading Crime and Punishment.  You

        20       go through this long, long, long novel and you

        21       have Professor Rachmaninov chasing Raskalnikov

        22       for a crime they both knew he committed, and

        23       they go through all of this diatribe and











                                                             
5246

         1       dialogue and, finally, at the very end, when

         2       Professor Rachmaninov says to him -- he says, "I

         3       can't prove that you did it but I know that you

         4       did it, so why don't you just give yourself up?"

         5       and he says, "I'm not going to," and he goes

         6       home and he talks to his significant other, and

         7       this woman that doesn't know anything about

         8       criminology, when he finally admits to her that

         9       he did it, she says to him, "It's wrong."

        10                      So you read that entire book, and

        11       Dostoevsky is really telling you that the answer

        12       was in the first line of the book, that an act

        13       that's wrong basically should be punished.

        14                      This is a wrong act, not paying

        15       the staff.  This is a wrong act because we have

        16       a Federal Labor Standards Act and a New York

        17       State Finance Law, Article 14, Section -

        18       Article 14, Section 200, which mandates that the

        19       staff actually be paid, and we choose not to do

        20       it because this year, for some reason, since we

        21       didn't pass the budget on time, this is

        22       something that's popular, this is something that

        23       sounds tough and it sounds very strong but, in











                                                             
5247

         1       fact, it is really a manifestation of the

         2       process that's made the budget process elongated

         3       in the first place; and it is when others do not

         4       have the power to fight back, you just take

         5       advantage of them.

         6                      Originally, we weren't going to

         7       pay any of the state workers, but we found -

         8       and I'm sure as the Governor can tell you, we

         9       found that their unions came to their defense

        10       and a number of people came to their defense,

        11       and even in the original discussions about not

        12       paying the staff, there were many who didn't

        13       think that this could be a public issue because

        14       the staff are considered to be quacks and

        15       political hacks and all kinds of individuals who

        16       don't merit to get paid just simply because they

        17       are legislative staff, and what we've really

        18       done in the end is make a mockery of the

        19       process.

        20                      But I think that the fact that

        21       the ruling in this case was put over gave us

        22       another opportunity because the judicial branch

        23       really doesn't want to interfere in the











                                                             
5248

         1       legislative branch and would only do so at a

         2       time when it creates a real hardship for

         3       employees, which will occur on Wednesday, May

         4       3rd, when, for the first time in this process,

         5       the staff members will not get any pay, and so I

         6       think that what we were being given was a third

         7       chance.

         8                      We missed the opportunity on

         9       April 5th.  We missed an opportunity on April

        10       19th.  Here's an opportunity on May 3rd to

        11       rectify a situation that we created, to pay

        12       individuals for the work that they performed and

        13       for the salaries that they deserve, and I think,

        14       Mr. President, that would be the only right way

        15       to do this.  It's really very simple.  And there

        16       cannot be any excuses, and I understand maybe

        17       the political positions that some are in, and so

        18       the only disagreement I have with the Minority

        19       Leader would be maybe I really don't want to

        20       hear anybody get up and say that this is wrong

        21       if they can't say it, or what's worse is to get

        22       up and say that it's right when you know that

        23       it's wrong.











                                                             
5249

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The Chair

         2       recognizes Senator Stavisky.

         3                      SENATOR STAVISKY:  Mr. President,

         4       would the Majority Leader yield for a question?

         5                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         6       Bruno, do you yield to Senator Stavisky?

         7                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Yes, Mr.

         8       President.

         9                      SENATOR STAVISKY:  Senator Bruno,

        10       we have had a long list of distinguished leaders

        11       of the state, Governor's office -- we'll leave

        12       out of the Assembly, not always popular in this

        13       chamber, and we've had distinguished leaders in

        14       this chamber.

        15                      In your recollection of state

        16       government, which I know is long, was there ever

        17       a situation where Nelson Rockefeller or Malcolm

        18       Wilson put a freeze on the salaries of

        19       legislative employees?

        20                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Not to my

        21       recollection, Mr. President.

        22                      SENATOR STAVISKY:  Thank you.

        23                      Again, would the Majority Leader











                                                             
5250

         1       yield?

         2                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         3       Bruno, do you yield?

         4                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Yes, Mr.

         5       President.

         6                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

         7       Senator yields.

         8                      SENATOR STAVISKY:  Was there ever

         9       an occasion when Earl Brydges or any of Earl

        10       Brydges' successors up until the present time -

        11       and you know the names, and I don't have to

        12       repeat them -- when any of the Majority leaders

        13       participated in an action where the legislative

        14       employees were not paid?

        15                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Not to my

        16       recollection, Mr. President.

        17                      SENATOR STAVISKY:  So Earl

        18       Brydges, Warren Anderson, Ralph Mar... Marone...

        19       Ralph Marino -

        20                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Ralph Marino,

        21       right.  How soon we forget, Mr. President.

        22                      SENATOR STAVISKY:  How soon we

        23       forget.











                                                             
5251

         1                      -- Ralph Marino and others, never

         2       participated in an action of this sort?

         3                      Now, sir -

         4                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Not to my

         5       recollection, Mr. President.

         6                      SENATOR STAVISKY:  I ask you the

         7       following question, if you would continue to

         8       yield.

         9                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Yes, Mr.

        10       President.

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        12       Senator yields.

        13                      SENATOR STAVISKY:  We all

        14       recognize the value of the internship programs,

        15       both in the Senate and in the Assembly, and I

        16       think all of us have been the beneficiaries of

        17       that program.  Can we have a commitment from you

        18        -- you, because obviously you can't speak for

        19       the Governor -- that when we notify the

        20       universities throughout the state of New York

        21       that their internship opportunities available to

        22       those students, and we commit ourselves that

        23       those opportunities will be available and they











                                                             
5252

         1       commit themselves to helping us to secure

         2       interns, that never again will there be an

         3       interruption in the compensation paid to those

         4       interns that are recommended to us by the

         5       universities?

         6                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President, I

         7       wish that I could foresee the future, but I

         8       don't have that capability, so that I would not

         9       like to speculate as to what future actions

        10       might be on my part because I wouldn't know what

        11       I was relating to in the future.  Whatever the

        12       circumstances may be in the future, we'll have

        13       to address at that particular time.

        14                      SENATOR STAVISKY:  Under those

        15       circumstances, if the Majority Leader will

        16       continue to yield -

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        18       Bruno, do you continue to yield?

        19                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Yes.

        20                      SENATOR STAVISKY:  Would you

        21       encourage the chairman of the Higher Education

        22       Committee to send out a letter to the universi

        23       tyies indicating that, when internships of any











                                                             
5253

         1       kind are offered, that they make not necessarily

         2       guarantee that there will be prompt payment of

         3       the stipends that have been offered to these

         4       institutions and their students?  In the

         5       interest of truth, would it not be a wise course

         6       of action for you to ask the chairman of the

         7       Higher Education Committee to send out such a

         8       letter to the universities now so that they will

         9       know beforehand what is the likely consequence

        10       of the service with this Legislature?

        11                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President,

        12       I'm not sure I understand what the question is.

        13       Are you relating -- is the Senator relating to

        14       this year or some future year when we may be

        15       having the same situation occur?

        16                      SENATOR STAVISKY:  Wouldn't it be

        17       truthful, based on the current situation, to

        18       assure the universities that they may be asked

        19       to provide students for internships, but we do

        20       not guarantee that those students, when they

        21       become interns or Senate assistants, will be

        22       paid promptly and properly?  Would it not be a

        23       truthful explanation by the Legislature to warn











                                                             
5254

         1       the universities not to send any students who

         2       might, in fact, need the money to be able to

         3       survive?  Shouldn't we do that in the interest

         4       of truth in legislating?

         5                      SENATOR BRUNO:  I think, Mr.

         6       President, that people that have responsibility

         7       would discharge that responsibility as they see

         8       fit, prudently, and make the judgments that they

         9       see fit at that appropriate time.  I don't feel

        10       that any compulsion that I should be making

        11       recommendations or dictating anything other than

        12       that people do the best that they can with the

        13       jobs that they have.

        14                      And I might add, Mr. President,

        15       that I appreciate the concern that's being

        16       expressed by the good Senator and his col

        17       leagues.  I share that concern as do colleagues

        18       on this side of the aisle and all of us in this

        19       chamber would just have hoped that this

        20       conversation and this discussion would be

        21       unnecessary, and that we would have had a budget

        22       in place by now.  We passed our budget March

        23       31st.  We still don't have a budget passed in











                                                             
5255

         1       the other house.  I think that's unfortunate.

         2       We could have moved forward with conference

         3       committees.  We could have done whatever was

         4       appropriate to help resolve this.

         5                      I had hoped two weeks ago that

         6       this conversation would be unnecessary, but we

         7       don't have a budget in place and I guess, Mr.

         8       President, I would just relate that I wonder if

         9       the good Senator had communicated his desires to

        10       get these people paid by getting a budget passed

        11       to the Speaker in the Assembly, a colleague of

        12       yours, what your wishes might be on behalf of

        13       the people that you're referring to, because we

        14       passed our bills in this house to get everybody

        15       paid.  We passed a bill to pay everybody.

        16                      And this bill, Mr. President, on

        17       the floor, is a bill to allow 200,000-plus

        18       people to be paid.  That's the purpose of the

        19       bill that's on the floor.  It is not to deny

        20       anyone a paycheck.  It's to allow over 200,000

        21       people to be paid.  Without this legislation,

        22       those 200,000 people will not be paid.

        23                      So I think that we ought to be











                                                             
5256

         1       aware of what we're doing on the floor in this

         2       bill.  We're trying to move legislation forward

         3       to pay the 200,000-plus people who are dependent

         4       on our action for their paychecks.

         5                      SENATOR STAVISKY:  On the bill.

         6                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         7       Stavisky on the bill.

         8                      SENATOR STAVISKY:  Senator Bruno,

         9       I wish that you had said that you would be

        10       willing to notify each of the universities and

        11       colleges in the state of New York that when they

        12       accept an invitation to participate in an

        13       internship program, that there is a distinct

        14       possibility, if there is a fiscal crisis and an

        15       impasse, that those legislative interns and

        16       Senate assistants will not be paid.

        17                      I think their services are

        18       invaluable.  I think you will agree that they

        19       are invaluable, and I think that in the

        20       interests of seeing that there is no longer

        21       hostage-taking, that we at least notify the

        22       universities because these are not regular

        23       employees of the state Legislature; these are











                                                             
5257

         1       temporary aides who are supposed to benefit from

         2       the educational experience, and this is a heck

         3       of an educational experience to give them.

         4       You're likely to turn them off on government

         5       service if this continues any longer, and I say

         6       that, under the circumstances, we would be

         7       well-advised, perhaps, as legislators interested

         8       in higher education, to notify the universities

         9       of the sham and the failure to pay these interns

        10       and Senate assistants.

        11                      Perhaps as ranking Minority

        12       member on the committee, I should send such a

        13       letter, and I have not done so, Senator Bruno,

        14       because I still have enough faith in the

        15       legislative process, including this house, to

        16       believe that by the next payroll we will not be

        17       holding any more hostages, and I ask you to

        18       consider very carefully that never in Ralph

        19       Marino's experience or any of his predecessors

        20       did we have any situation comparable to the one

        21       that is occurring here today.

        22                      Change New York called for a

        23       change, but it did not call for a system whereby











                                                             
5258

         1       we did not compensate people for work that is

         2       done, where they were not responsible for our

         3       decisions -- we, as elected officials -- and we

         4       should not be passing along to employees who

         5       have none of the power to vote, any of the

         6       responsibility for the impasse that has occurred

         7       here.

         8                      I will seriously consider this,

         9       that if we are not going to have the payment to

        10       the employees by the next time there is a bill

        11       of this type needed, that I will contact every

        12       president of every university and every college

        13       in the state, asking them to be aware that there

        14       is a danger that their recommended students will

        15       not be paid, and I don't think that's the way to

        16       go.

        17                      I would like from you a

        18       commitment that this is the last time that the

        19       employees will be held hostage, and that you

        20       will communicate that to the one person in the

        21       state who has the ability to turn the faucet off

        22       and to turn it back on again, and I mean by

        23       that, the Governor of the state of New York.











                                                             
5259

         1                      I'm asking you as a friend, as a

         2       colleague, to make that effort, that innocent

         3       people are not held responsible for our failure

         4       to perform and the Governor's failure to

         5       perform, but we must not allow this to happen

         6       for any additional pay period.  I'm not asking

         7       you to say yes or no.  I'm asking you to do your

         8       best on that issue.

         9                      Thank you.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        11       Stavisky -- Senator Leichter, why do you rise?

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        13       Leichter, why do you rise?

        14                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  I would like

        15       to have the floor.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        17       Leichter, we have a list.  Senator Stavisky,

        18       this is a point of information from the Chair.

        19       This bill is put forth by Senator Stafford, and

        20       when the Chair recognizes a member, it is with

        21       respect to asking questions of the sponsor or

        22       debate on the bill, not for the purpose of that

        23       member selectively picking out any other member











                                                             
5260

         1       for the purpose of entertaining that debate.

         2       Now, Senator Bruno has a propensity to want to

         3       be in the center of things, so certainly I'd

         4       allow him to do that on this occasion, but I

         5       would suggest that we as members recognize that

         6       that's the purpose of debates, to either speak

         7       on the bill or ask the sponsor of the bill to

         8       yield for questions.

         9                      So with that, Senator Dollinger,

        10       the floor is yours.

        11                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Senator

        12       Stavisky has said several of the things I wanted

        13       to document.  I'll just make three quick

        14       points.  One is I don't understand and I guess

        15       my conversation with Senator Marcellino, and I

        16       apologize perhaps for the vehemence of my

        17       question, but I believe that you can not punish

        18       innocent people when you're trying to affect the

        19       conduct of the guilty people and that's what

        20       we're doing.  We're punishing a group of people

        21       like one who works for me as an attorney.  He

        22       makes a very good salary, has seven children, is

        23       carrying two houses, doesn't have a nickel to











                                                             
5261

         1       his name.  As my grandmother used to say, he

         2       doesn't have two nickels to rub together and

         3       he's bearing the cost because the Governor, the

         4       man who stays on the second floor, believes that

         5       if he doesn't get paid he's going to walk into

         6       my office and say, Rick, please vote for this

         7       budget and urge all of your colleagues to vote

         8       for a budget that takes money away from the

         9       poor, that changes the SUNY tuition system, that

        10       does all the things that this budget might do

        11       once we get to its final version.  I don't

        12       understand why that innocent person is being

        13       asked to put pressure on me and on me alone.

        14                      Two, I guess I don't understand

        15       what the Senate's role in this process is.

        16       Isn't it very simple?  I wonder, let's go back

        17       one year from today and suppose I got up on the

        18       floor and said, you know, the Governor on the

        19       second floor is beating up the New York State

        20       Senate.  He's now cut a deal in which he's not

        21       going to pay a hundred of his employees and in

        22       exchange for that, he's not going to pay 3,000

        23       of yours, and he's going to take the system of











                                                             
5262

         1       checks and balances, and he's going to disrupt

         2       it completely, and he's going to punish the

         3       members of the New York State Senate and all of

         4       their employees.  I dare say there are at least

         5       35 people in this chamber would have jumped to

         6       their feet and would have said, We're not going

         7       to let that Governor treat us that way.

         8                      This house has to be respected.

         9       I was once lectured by Senator Marino about the

        10       respect for this house.  We're not going to let

        11       the Governor on the second floor highjack the

        12       reputation of this house.  I don't hear any of

        13       that talk except from the other 25 members that

        14       happen to sit on this side of the aisle.

        15                      What has changed in a year? Well,

        16       let's see, the Governor on the second floor is

        17       now Republican, and I gather that the Senate is

        18       no longer respecting its traditions, no longer

        19       protecting its traditions, no longer protecting

        20       its prerogatives and no longer protecting its

        21       employees.  Instead, they've decided that

        22       they're going to jump in with the man who lives

        23       on the second floor and let their tradition of











                                                             
5263

         1       the Senate go down the drain.  I think that's

         2       greatly unfortunate.

         3                      I'll close with one other

         4       comment.  Look at all the people who are paid.

         5       The Commissioner of Correctional Services, he

         6       gets $102,000; the Commissioner of Education

         7       will get $102,000; the Commissioner of Health

         8       gets $150,000.  The Commissioner of Environ

         9       mental Conservation gets $95,000.  Bob King,

        10       from Monroe County, the Director of Regulatory

        11       Affairs gets 104,000.  The Commissioner of

        12       Economic Development, Mr. Gargano, has got lots

        13       of money, he continues to get his $90,000 a

        14       year.  The Commissioner of Parks and Recreation,

        15       the millionaire Bernadette Castro, she continues

        16       to get $90,000 a year.  The chairman of the

        17       Cable Commission, the very commission the

        18       Governor wants to abolish in this budget,

        19       continues to draw his pay at the rate of $82,000

        20       a year.

        21                      The unit heads in the Division of

        22       Budget, all of whom have a big impact on this

        23       budget, continue to get paid more than $100,000











                                                             
5264

         1       a year, and yet the woman who works part time in

         2       the session for me as a secretary who gets paid

         3       $7800, doesn't get paid.  Doesn't get paid, for

         4       one month while she waits for the process to

         5       work.

         6                      I said it before, Mr. Chairman,

         7       I'll say it one more time.  This is the

         8       equivalent of total political warfare.  This is

         9       punishing the innocent to somehow affect the

        10       conduct of the guilty, of supposedly the

        11       guilty.  It doesn't seem to make a whit's worth

        12       of sense to me.

        13                      Let's return some sense.  Let's

        14       take those lessons that I was taught about the

        15       respect for this chamber and let's put it into

        16       place.  Let's tell the Governor on the second

        17       floor that he can't run the legislative

        18       operation in this state.  I think we're setting

        19       a very dangerous precedent.  I hate to say it

        20       but the 36 people on the other side of the

        21       aisle, this will come back to haunt you some

        22       day.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The Chair











                                                             
5265

         1       recognizes Senator Gold.

         2                      SENATOR GOLD:  Thank you.  Thank

         3       you.

         4                      Mr. President, a lot of -- we're

         5       silly to say this stuff every couple of weeks,

         6       and I think the political posturing is now out

         7       there and the Republicans have blamed the other

         8       house, and we've made our points, and I'd like

         9       to get to do something useful if it's possible

        10       and with that in mind, I would ask Senator Bruno

        11       to yield.

        12                      And let me remind you, Mr.

        13       President, that this is either a budget bill or

        14       a Rules bill, and there's nothing improper in

        15       asking any member ever to yield and -- but I

        16       think if Senator Bruno would do me the courtesy.

        17                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Yes, Mr.

        18       President.

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        20       Bruno, as a single member, Senator Bruno does

        21       yield, but your interpretation of the rules of

        22       this house are, in fact, incorrect as it relates

        23       to other members, but Senator Bruno yields.











                                                             
5266

         1                      SENATOR GOLD:  Well -

         2                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Yes.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         4       Bruno yields.

         5                      SENATOR GOLD:  Yes.  Senator

         6       Bruno, I want to get something useful if we can

         7       out of this, and I know you for a lot of years

         8       and you were a staff member and you know what

         9       that feeling is but, as you stand here today,

        10       Senator, you're more than a staff member.

        11       You're someone who, over the years, deserves to

        12       be admired as a very successful businessman and

        13       when you became the leader of this house, you

        14       made it a point to tell everybody that you

        15       thought this place would do better running to

        16       some extent as a business.  We start on time,

        17       which is a miracle, and it's your miracle.

        18                      We've heard the back and forth

        19       positioning.  You've heard the comments of

        20       Senator Connor, which I thought were very well

        21       taken, in terms of the fact that these people

        22       must work.  They don't come to work for their

        23       personalities.  So what I'm getting at, and the











                                                             
5267

         1       question I want to ask you is really a simple

         2       one: It's a simple one.  What arrangements have

         3       been made -- we're now talking to the thousands

         4       of employees who work for the Senate, who are

         5       listening to you and who respect you -- have

         6       there been arrangements made for these people to

         7       go to banks in the area who understand the

         8       Legislature?  Are there any financial

         9       institutions in the area who know the way the

        10       Legislature works?  Have you told any of these

        11       people, for example the lady who wrote a letter

        12       from your district, what banks they might go to

        13       to get some kind of a bridge loan?  Have you

        14       made any arrangements for them within your own

        15       conference?

        16                      People are listening.  Just the

        17       average guy, not me and not the people in this

        18       room, why don't you now, while we go over the

        19       microphones, tell the average guy that works for

        20       the Senate how he or she gets along in these

        21       next few days and what you anticipate not only

        22       as a caring human being but as a businessman who

        23       understands what it is to be a staff member, to











                                                             
5268

         1       be an employee and to have to pay the mortgage

         2       and the rent and the food and the bus fare.

         3       Just tell them because it would be good for

         4       them, not politics, but good for them.  What

         5       should all of these residents of Troy and Albany

         6       and the ones throughout the state do in the next

         7       few weeks and please don't insult all of us by

         8       saying, Call the Speaker and get him to do a

         9       budget.  Forget that nonsense.

        10                      You talk to the Speaker.  He's a

        11       bigger "shoot"; you're a big shot, you know.

        12       You guys talk on your level.  Just tell the

        13       average guy how they can get the money to pay

        14       these bills in the next few weeks.

        15                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Thank you,

        16       Senator Gold.

        17                      We have put out some information

        18       that relates to conversations with some of the

        19       local banks, and the local banks have made

        20       themselves available to loan money to people

        21       that would qualify.  One I know, I don't want to

        22       mention the banks, but a number of the banks in

        23       the Capital District, and if you need the names











                                                             
5269

         1       of banks, we'd be happy to supply them, but I

         2       believe that the staff people have received

         3       memos indicating that they could apply for

         4       credit and that their applications would be

         5       handled expeditiously given the circumstances,

         6       and we have tried to lend support to that

         7       through our office.

         8                      Also, Mr. President, employees

         9       have access to the credit unions that make loans

        10       and then will take the repayment out of the

        11       paychecks when they start to flow, so there are

        12       ways that people who have needs can meet those

        13       needs, and it is unfortunate, Mr. President,

        14       that we again have to talk about ways that

        15       people can pay their bills, and I am very

        16       sympathetic to that, and it concerns me a great

        17       deal, and we have discussed that.  We have done

        18       our best to move the process forward.  We want

        19       to see the people get paid.

        20                      People are working seven days a

        21       week, some of these people, 14, 16, 18 hours a

        22       day.  I thought that you'd be interested in

        23       this, Senator Gold.











                                                             
5270

         1                      SENATOR GOLD:  Oh, I am.

         2                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Yes.  And they

         3       have been working diligently.  Yesterday,

         4       Sunday, I had conversations throughout the day

         5       with staff people that were here.  Saturday all

         6       day, for that matter, talked with staff people

         7       that were here, so I am well aware of how

         8       diligent these people are, trying to move the

         9       process forward and trying to be helpful to us

        10       and I am very sympathetic and I feel very, very

        11       badly that we, again, are facing a situation

        12       that's creating so much hardship for people.

        13                      So yes, we have tried to be

        14       supportive in making credit available through

        15       the normal institutions that are there to help

        16       people who need money short term or long term.

        17                      SENATOR GOLD:  Thank you.  Will

        18       the Senator yield to one more question?

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        20       Bruno, do you yield?

        21                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Yes, Mr.

        22       President.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator











                                                             
5271

         1       yields.

         2                      SENATOR GOLD:  Senator, I heard

         3       what you said, and I'd like to encourage you to

         4       take it another step further.  You say you don't

         5       want to mention the institutions.  We've spoken.

         6       I would suggest, and I want to ask you this as a

         7       question.  Would you be willing, if not on the

         8       floor, to at least have some of your senior

         9       staff talk to some of the local banks because,

        10       when you say people who are qualified, I'm not

        11       worried about people who are qualified.  There

        12       are people who, in a banking sense, may not be

        13       qualified but who every day come to work, get a

        14       paycheck.  They don't have credit cards, they

        15       don't have other loans because maybe they're not

        16       qualified, and they're in worse conditions,

        17       Senator Bruno, than people who have good credit,

        18       and when you say go to a credit union and

        19       whatever, that's easy to say.

        20                      I don't know whether or not you

        21       are envisioning, Senator, that we will pay the

        22       interest to these people for the money that we

        23       are withholding, earned money, because the











                                                             
5272

         1       people have to come to work.  I don't know

         2       whether you're envisioning us doing that.

         3                      The other thing which is

         4       disturbing, I mean there was a memo put out on

         5       March 30th, by Steve Sloan, and there were

         6       questions and answers in here, and he says

         7       things like, What about my mortgage or lease

         8       payments, car loans, et cetera, becoming due?

         9       And his answer was, such obligations are private

        10       matters between you and those parties.  However,

        11       you should advise them that there's a problem.

        12                      Senator, you know, I -- I'm

        13       talking to you, and if you don't want to answer

        14       me on the record, but you do something about it,

        15       I'll love you and respect you anyway but,

        16       Senator, there are people who are not going to

        17       be taken care of by the political bickering

        18       between my side of the aisle, your side of the

        19       aisle, this house and the other house, and I

        20       would say, Senator Bruno, that now, the third

        21       time around is the time for compassion and that

        22       your office, since you're not going to do

        23       anything today, I mean let's not kid ourselves.











                                                             
5273

         1       This bill is going to pass and all of this talk

         2       back and forth will be nothing, and we'll do the

         3       same thing in two more weeks.

         4                      But, Senator, I urge you, because

         5       you are a decent human being whose political

         6       philosophies I can't buy, but a decent human

         7       being, Senator.  In all seriousness, talk to

         8       some of the local institutions.  Maybe one of

         9       the banks, and I'm not going to press you on it

        10       by naming them on the floor, the local ones.

        11       There's a bank that's on the Concourse, maybe

        12       they would, as a good faith matter, as an

        13       introduction to new clients, would just from

        14       being here and understanding, if Joe Bruno

        15       called them, would put together a program so

        16       that these people could assign their paychecks

        17       or do something that at least they, on a

        18       day-to-day level, would have some intelligent

        19       situation.

        20                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President, I

        21       believe Albany Savings Bank has a program in

        22       place and they will relate to people who go in,

        23       and I am fairly certain that they will be











                                                             
5274

         1       responsive and people can borrow with an

         2       institution by pledging their paycheck and get

         3       their paycheck in advance so there are mechanics

         4       that have been discussed and put in place.

         5                      I would hope that most people, if

         6       they're listening or have received some memos to

         7       that effect, would be aware of that and avail

         8       themselves of that if they find themselves in

         9       that need.  But Albany Savings is one of the

        10       banks that comes to mind that had extended

        11       themselves in a particular way.  There were

        12       others that I -- I don't recall, but I remember

        13       Albany Savings because it's within walking

        14       distance of here.

        15                      SENATOR GOLD:  Well, Senator, if

        16       I may, that's the kind of information which I

        17       think we owe it to our staffs to get around.  I

        18       think a memo from you would be helpful, and

        19       there are people that may not have heard that

        20       today because once the bickering is over today,

        21       the same people who had a financial problem last

        22       week and the week before are going to have it

        23       tomorrow and the day after.











                                                             
5275

         1                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Well, also in

         2       finishing my answer, Mr. President, I would

         3       suggest that individual legislators with their

         4       staff can help direct them to proper

         5       institutions.  We have indicated that to people

         6       that we have talked to that we should be helpful

         7       in getting them to the right places because

         8       you're right, some of them aren't aware of the

         9       mechanics of how to handle this, and it's

        10       somewhat intimidating, but I think that if we

        11       here in the house are helpful to them, I think

        12       that would be a real service that we would be

        13       providing.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        15       Paterson, why do you rise?

        16                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Mr. President,

        17       Senator Gold had the floor?

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        19       Gold had the floor.  Senator Leichter is next on

        20       the list.

        21                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Would Senator

        22       Gold yield to a question?

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator











                                                             
5276

         1       Gold, do you yield?

         2                      SENATOR GOLD:  Yes, sir.

         3                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Senator Gold,

         4       as noble as it is to recommend the lending

         5       institutions, the lending institutions, it would

         6       seem to me this would be the best time of the

         7       year for them, not just being helpful.  They

         8       charge interest on these loans, don't they?

         9                      SENATOR GOLD:  I think so.

        10                      SENATOR PATERSON:  One final

        11       question, if Senator Gold would yield.

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        13       Gold, do you continue to yield?

        14                      SENATOR GOLD:  Yes.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        16       continues to yield.

        17                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Senator, the

        18       reason that I didn't ask anyone any questions on

        19       this particular issue is that I knew that

        20       individuals like Senator Bruno were interested

        21       and were doing something.  But do you find it

        22       disturbing that we now have very high officials

        23       in the state spending large and long periods of











                                                             
5277

         1       time trying to figure out what -- how to

         2       facilitate loans to individuals when, if we had

         3       just included everyone in this bill that was

         4       sitting here, we could spend all that time

         5       trying to negotiate a budget?

         6                      SENATOR GOLD:  Mr. President,

         7       Senator Paterson apparently understands the

         8       point that I was trying to make which I think

         9       went over some other people's head.

        10                      The answer is that you are

        11       exactly right, Senator Paterson.  The point is

        12       that once we get rid of all of these wonderful

        13       principles that we talk about, we ought to be

        14       looking to see where those principles lead us.

        15       It is not enough to tell people that my

        16       principles lead me to a path and wherever that

        17       path goeth, I goeth. If you know a path is

        18       leading into a direction which is dangerous or

        19       unjust, you shouldn't get on that path.

        20                      Now, Senator Bruno, I respect the

        21       fact that you have a right to different

        22       conclusions than I do, and I know you've always

        23       been respectful of my right also but, Senator,











                                                             
5278

         1       we are going through machinations to get local

         2       institutions to take care of people who are

         3       faced with a hardship that we created.

         4                      Senator, we are creating the

         5       hardship, and it's not Silver and it's not the

         6       Assembly and it's not the budget process.

         7       That's all junk.  That's stuff on a level that

         8       these people never got into, never bargained

         9       for.  They are working people.  I remember,

        10       Senator Bruno, when you and I were staff people

        11       in the Assembly in the early 1900s, I think, and

        12       Senator, in those days, you know, people would

        13       say to you, if you worked for the Legislature,

        14       they would say to you, "Who's your Rabbi?"  I

        15       know somebody by the name of John Calandra, may

        16       he rest in peace, who I loved -- loved.  Johnny

        17       said to me one day, "Hey, kid," he said, "who's

        18       your Rabbi?"  I said, "Saul Teplis at the Queens

        19       Village Jewish Center."  He says, "I don't care

        20       where you go to church.  I mean who's your Rabbi

        21       that helped you get your job."  You had to have

        22       a Rabbi to get you in the Legislature.

        23                      Today I like to think that many











                                                             
5279

         1       of you operate the way I do and many of you who

         2       are in the area and are talented and come from

         3       proper recommendations get jobs, and they may

         4       not be registered in one party or the other, but

         5       these are decent people who come to work for the

         6       Legislature and the jobs are simple jobs, every

         7       day business jobs.  They're the business people

         8       that Senator Bruno respects so much.  They're

         9       not political hacks; they're not politicians.

        10       They're simple business people.  Two people have

        11       houses next to each other out in Troy, Senator

        12       Bruno.  They drive their cars.  One's a

        13       secretary for a local law firm; one works for

        14       the Legislature.  One's a secretary perhaps for

        15       a local brokerage company; the other one works

        16       for the Legislature, but they're simple business

        17       people, and to work out a system whereby we get

        18       on a road, we get on a path that we somehow make

        19       religious that puts those people into a

        20       situation where we now have to solve a problem

        21       for them as if we never caused it and we were no

        22       part of it is just a silly situation to put

        23       ourselves in.











                                                             
5280

         1                      It's a situation that Joe Bruno

         2       in the privacy of his own mind doesn't like, I

         3       know that, but then the answer is we don't do

         4       it.  That's all.  We don't do it, and we don't

         5       worry about embarrassing this one or that one.

         6       We just do it as right.

         7                      Senator Bruno, I'm glad you said

         8       what you said today because, in all fairness, I

         9       think there should be a memo.  I don't know how

        10       many people knew about Albany Savings.  I don't

        11       know what the Key Bank is doing.  I don't know

        12       how we explain to these people that you can work

        13       and lose ten percent interest over a period of

        14       time because now you got to pay for your

        15       paycheck to be gotten because you pledged it.  I

        16       don't know what sense that makes, but at least

        17       if something's being done, Senator Bruno, so

        18       let's take that out of politics and you have my

        19       congratulations.  But let's not congratulate

        20       ourselves too much because, as the deputy leader

        21       on this side pointed out, we are breaking our

        22       arm patting ourselves on the back by trying to

        23       find a solution to a problem that we caused.











                                                             
5281

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         2       Waldon, why do you rise?

         3                      SENATOR WALDON:  I would like to

         4       know if the good Senator from Queens County,

         5       Senator Gold, would yield to a question.

         6                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         7       Gold, do you yield to Senator Waldon.

         8                      SENATOR GOLD:  Yes, sir.

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        10       yields.

        11                      SENATOR WALDON:  Senator, I'm not

        12       sure that I heard you correctly but I thought

        13       that I heard you say some -- let me rephrase

        14       that.  Are you familiar in the real estate law

        15       with the phrase "constructive eviction"?

        16                      SENATOR GOLD:  Yes, sir.

        17                      SENATOR WALDON:  Are you -- if I

        18       may continue, Mr. President.  May I continue?

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        20       Waldon, pardon an interruption for just a minute

        21       but Senator Stafford, as I understand -- excuse

        22       me.  Go ahead.  Senator Gold, do you continue to

        23       yield?











                                                             
5282

         1                      SENATOR GOLD:  Yes.

         2                      SENATOR WALDON:  Are you also

         3       familiar, Senator Gold, with the phrase, and I

         4       may not be accurate because I've never practiced

         5       labor law, "constructive firing"?

         6                      SENATOR GOLD:  Yes.  I've heard

         7       about these phrases, by the way, at my offices

         8       at Herzfeld & Rubin, at 40 Wall Street, New

         9       York, New York, (212) 344-5500.

        10                      VOICE: $300 an hour.

        11                      SENATOR GOLD:  Don't lower my

        12       rates, I'll take care of it.

        13                      SENATOR WALDON:  Under the

        14       penumbral zone of constructive firing, could you

        15       characterize what's happening to certain

        16       employees of the Senate now who are, in fact,

        17       working, as our good Senator and leader, Senator

        18       Bruno said, some seven days a week, some 14, 16,

        19       18 hours a day, might that be characterized as

        20       constructive firing?

        21                      SENATOR GOLD:  Senator, before I

        22       answer that, why don't you give me your analysis

        23       of it, because you will phrase it better than











                                                             
5283

         1       I.  I'm interested in hearing your view on that

         2       subject.

         3                      SENATOR WALDON:  Thank you very

         4       much, if I may continue, very much.

         5                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         6       Gold, you continue to yield?

         7                      SENATOR GOLD:  Oh, yes, yes.

         8                      SENATOR WALDON:  Senator Gold, I

         9       believe that, when people come to work and work

        10       diligently, honestly, deliver all of the

        11       services demanded upon them and from them by

        12       their superior, supervisor and the institution

        13       that they work for and they are denied pay, they

        14       have, in effect, been constructively fired.

        15                      I also believe in this instance

        16       that those who are constructively fired being

        17       that this baby, the constructive firing, is the

        18       issue of the legislative process through the

        19       executive branch, that they have a right for

        20       redress from the state, not from Albany Savings

        21       Bank, not from Key savings bank, not from Joe,

        22       the shylock around the corner, and therefore,

        23       they should in my opinion be allowed to go to











                                                             
5284

         1       the unemployment agency and file and, in fact, I

         2       would like to lay out on the air that, if each

         3       of us were to create a fiction for our employees

         4       and fire them, then one week from today they

         5       could qualify or thereabouts, qualify for

         6       unemployment, they could receive as a benefit

         7       one week later one half of their weekly wages up

         8       to $300 a week.  They wouldn't have to worry

         9       about paying interest; they wouldn't have to

        10       worry about filling out paperwork for a loan.

        11       It would be the concern of the state to ensure

        12       that they had enough money to exist at least for

        13       26 weeks until this process is over, and I hope

        14       that within 26 weeks that we will be able to

        15       have a budget.

        16                      Now, if one of my employees were

        17       to come to me after I make the statement on this

        18       floor and say, "Senator Waldon, I heard what you

        19       said.  Are you a man of your word?" I would have

        20       to bite the bullet.  I'm not saying that, as an

        21       institution, is what we should do, but I'm

        22       suggesting that that is a course of action that

        23       we might assume.











                                                             
5285

         1                      In any event, circumstances see

         2       it as constructive firing, what's happening.  I

         3       also see if as involuntary servitude.  I would

         4       hope, as you have said, as the good Senator

         5       Paterson has said, as I believe in the hearts of

         6       people like the great Senator from Staten

         7       Island, John Marchi, our good Senator from

         8       Rensselaer, our leader, Senator Bruno, Senator

         9       Volker, all the guys who are and ladies who I

        10       believe in their heart recognize that this is

        11       wrong, this is visceral, that this is vicious,

        12       it is abusive, and it is an abuse of power and

        13       authority, that they would agree that we have

        14       constructively fired our employees.  They have a

        15       right to unemployment, and maybe we ought to

        16       facilitate that process.

        17                      I thank you for yielding, Senator

        18       Gold.  I appreciate your indulgence and, Mr.

        19       President, I certainly appreciate your

        20       indulgence.  Thank you.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The Chair

        22       recognizes Senator Leichter.

        23                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Mr. President,











                                                             
5286

         1       if Senator Marcellino would be good enough to

         2       yield, and I appreciate he was out getting some

         3       much needed rest and recreation.  I said -

         4       asked him to come back in because I wanted to

         5       ask him a question.  He's had to listen to a lot

         6       of other debate since then and thank you,

         7       Senator, for your patience.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         9       Leichter, the Chair would remind you, as I have

        10       earlier members, that the proponent of this bill

        11       is Senator Stafford.  It has traditionally not

        12       been the experience nor the practice in this

        13       house for a person when they're recognized on

        14       the floor to pick out selectively or non

        15       selectively members on the other side of the

        16       aisle to answer questions.  So while I do not

        17       want to deny Mr. -- Senator Marcellino from

        18       responding, acknowledging an inquisition from

        19       you, I would just point out to you that it is

        20       totally out of the practice of this house.

        21                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Senator, I

        22       just -- I'm sorry, Mr. President.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Excuse











                                                             
5287

         1       me, Senator Leichter.

         2                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Sure.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         4       Paterson, why do you rise?

         5                      SENATOR PATERSON: Mr. President,

         6       if Senator Leichter would suffer an interruption

         7       for a second?  We've been on this point for a

         8       couple of occasions today, and I just want to

         9       get this cleared up.

        10                      Out of practice and out of

        11       order.  This may not be the way we've usually

        12       done it but, you know, we come here on time

        13       now.  We have Senator Bruno in charge.  We're

        14       doing much better than we used to be, and what

        15       I'm saying is that, and in all seriousness, I

        16       don't understand that we can not ask another

        17       member who has some opinion on the subject that

        18       we're talking about to yield for a question.

        19                      I don't see anything in the

        20       Senate rules -- I've been looking at them since

        21       you raised this a little earlier -- that

        22       actually prohibits that.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Well, the











                                                             
5288

         1       position -- I should say the Chair is not in a

         2       position and has not ruled on this, Senator

         3       Paterson.  It just has been the practice of this

         4       house, and the Chair has been reminded of that

         5       on a number of occasions that this is out of the

         6       ordinary.

         7                      Now, there are several instances

         8       just for instance, there are several instances,

         9       Senator, that Senator Marcellino could rise and

        10       ask Senator Kruger to yield.  Well, Senator

        11       Kruger doesn't happen to be in the chamber at

        12       this moment.  Now, that has not been the

        13       practice of members of this house to try to

        14       embarrass other members, and that is part of the

        15       position of this particular Chair is to make

        16       sure that members are acting accordingly, and I

        17       think responsibly and certainly politely and

        18       graciously, so while I raise the point of this

        19       and just try to bring it to your attention, I am

        20       not precluding Senator Marcellino -- that's his

        21       option as to whether or not he wishes to yield

        22       to a question or not, so I'll ask him at this

        23       point, Senator Marcellino, do you yield to











                                                             
5289

         1       Senator Leichter?

         2                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  I yield.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

         4       Senator yields.

         5                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Thank you.

         6       Mr. President, just as a preface, let me say

         7       I've been in this house many years, even longer

         8       than you have, and I believe that we've had this

         9       practice where somebody may wish to ask a

        10       question of a member who has stood up and made a

        11       statement on the floor or asked somebody who, in

        12       fact, is responding to a question asked by

        13       another member.

        14                      So, Senator, it -- it may well be

        15       that -- I know you worked hard earlier passing

        16       two very significant bills and that your views

        17       may be affected by the work that you did earlier

        18       today, but I submit to you that you're -- you're

        19       wrong.  In any event, I thank Senator Marcellino

        20       for yielding and the reason I asked him to yield

        21       is because I was out of the floor temporarily.

        22       I came back in; there was a heated debate be

        23       tween him and Senator Dollinger and there were











                                                             
5290

         1       comments made that, frankly, perplexed me and

         2       that I wanted to get some clarification on.

         3                      Both Senator Marcellino and

         4       Senator Dollinger were talking about guilty

         5       people, and I wanted to know in this Capitol,

         6       are there people that are guilty, Senator?

         7                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  With all due

         8       respect, Senator, it was not I who used the term

         9       "guilty people," and I never take personally

        10       anything that is brought, and if someone argues

        11       with fervor their point of view, I do not take

        12       it personally nor did I take Senator Dollinger's

        13       fervent belief in his point of view personally.

        14       I don't think he was directing it at me in a

        15       personal way.

        16                      I do believe that everyone in

        17       this -- everyone should be paid, I would agree

        18       with that.  I mean we all would agree with that,

        19       and I think it would be the desire of every

        20       Senator in this chamber to do that.  Unfortun

        21       ately we're not in a position to do that, and I

        22       would suggest again that the reason for that is

        23       that we don't have a budget and we don't have a











                                                             
5291

         1       budget from the other chamber and, if we had a

         2       budget from the other chamber, we wouldn't be

         3       engaged in this exercise for the last couple of

         4       hours which, frankly, in my opinion has been a

         5       waste of time.  We could be doing far more

         6       productive things such as passing a budget and

         7       we're not.  We're debating for what purpose, I

         8       don't know, but we're debating.

         9                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Mr. President.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        11       Leichter.

        12                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  If Senator

        13       Marcellino will yield.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        15       Marcellino, do you now continue to yield to

        16       another question from Senator Leichter?

        17                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Sure I do.

        18                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Senator, thank

        19       you.

        20                      I think you're beginning to put

        21       this in a better perspective for me, in a better

        22       position, and as to whether there are guilty

        23       people here or not, and I think you're right it











                                                             
5292

         1       was Senator Dollinger who was using that

         2       phrase.  But is it your -- is it your position

         3       that it's the obligation of the Assembly to pass

         4       the Senate version of the budget and that unless

         5       that be done, that nobody in this Capitol,

         6       referring now to legislative employees and the

         7       corporal guard in the executive chamber should

         8       be paid?

         9                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Senator, I

        10       believe the process is that both houses could

        11       pass -- if they passed the same budget that

        12       would be ideal, but if they passed their version

        13       budgets, Senator Bruno has said and we're ready

        14       to go with conference committees and make it

        15       work, we could put together our differences as

        16       we did in the 65-mile-an-hour bill.  Both houses

        17       came together, conferenced, a bill was put

        18       together that was agreed upon in conference and

        19       passed by this chamber.

        20                      We could do the same thing with

        21       budget bills.  They don't have to agree with

        22       everything we do.  You do not have to agree with

        23       everything I believe in and vice versa











                                                             
5293

         1       obviously.  If the Assembly would put something

         2       on the table then we could get together and put

         3       our differences together and come to something

         4       positive, and then my hard working staff that is

         5       probably listening to this comment right now as

         6       well as all of your hard working staffs could be

         7       paid as well as us, which would make my wife

         8       very happy.

         9                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Senator

        10       Marcellino, again through the Chair.

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        12       Leichter, are you asking Senator Marcellino to

        13       yield?

        14                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Yes, I

        15       yield; yes, I will.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        17       yields.

        18                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Is it your

        19       position that if the Assembly passed a budget,

        20       and they have passed budgets bills, they may

        21       take the position that the Senate hasn't passed

        22       a comprehensive budget, but I assume that the

        23       Senate has -- let's assume that the Assembly has











                                                             
5294

         1       or if the Assembly passes a budget, and I know

         2       they've passed budget bills, at that point, even

         3       though there are differences, under your view,

         4       should everybody be entitled to be paid?

         5                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Once there

         6       is a budget passed by the state and by this -

         7       by both chambers and signed off by the Governor,

         8       then we have a budget and it's my understanding

         9       right now that the Assembly has not passed a

        10       comprehensive budget, not passed complete bills,

        11       so we really can't negotiate anything, can we,

        12       because you can't negotiate a part which could

        13       be bigger than the whole.

        14                      So I think we have a problem and

        15       it can be resolved best if we could just get a

        16       complete budget from the other chamber and put

        17       our conference committees to work and then

        18       everybody could get satisfaction.

        19                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Senator

        20       Marcellino, if you continue to yield.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        22       Marcellino, do you continue to yield?

        23                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  I will











                                                             
5295

         1       continued to yield as long as the Senator has

         2       questions.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         4       continues to yield.

         5                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Senator

         6       Marcellino, I'm having trouble with your

         7       answers.

         8                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  I'm having

         9       trouble with your questions, sir.

        10                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  I understand

        11       you are, and I can understand why.  But,

        12       Senator, if the Assembly passes a budgets,

        13       comprehensive budget -- this is hypothetical -

        14       and the Senators pass a comprehensive budget -

        15       again this is also hypothetical -- the two

        16       budgets do not conform, there are disagreements

        17       between them and then they go into negotiation

        18       through conference committees, are they entitled

        19       to be paid at that point; or is it your view

        20       that the people only are entitled to be paid

        21       when there is a budget that's signed by the

        22       Governor?

        23                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Senator,











                                                             
5296

         1       I'll say it again, we would do a disservice to

         2       every member of the tax-paying public, and that

         3       includes our employees, if we did not pass a

         4       proper legal budget.  I think we would have

         5       better served everyone in this state had such a

         6       budget been passed by April 1st.  Then we would

         7       not be here.  There would be no exercise that

         8       we're going through.  We would not be hearing

         9       the same question asked six different times in

        10       hopes that we would get the same non-answer,

        11       you're not going to get.

        12                      I do believe that everyone should

        13       be paid when we have a budget passed, signed in

        14       legal law, lawful budget, which requires an

        15       agreement of both houses, signed by the

        16       Governor.

        17                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  And not -

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        19       Leichter, you asking the Senator to continue to

        20       yield?

        21                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Yes.

        22                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        23       Marcellino, you continue to yield?











                                                             
5297

         1                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  I continue

         2       to yield.

         3                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  And, Senator,

         4       until such a budget is passed, people are not

         5       entitled to be paid?

         6                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Senator,

         7       that's a determination that the Governor has

         8       made, and we are here trying to get a budget

         9       passed.

        10                      SENATOR LEICHTER: Well -

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        12       Leichter, you asking Senator Marcellino to

        13       continue to yield?

        14                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Yes.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        16       Marcellino, do you continue to yield?

        17                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Yes.

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        19       yields.

        20                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Senator, there

        21       is a bill on the floor.  You and I, as cogs in

        22       this whole operation, are required to vote on

        23       it.  The Governor has the power of signing or











                                                             
5298

         1       vetoing, so it isn't just a matter of the

         2       Governor is to decide. You and I have to decide,

         3       and my question to you is, based on what you've

         4       said, that when a budget is signed, people are

         5       entitled to be paid, the other side of the coin,

         6       if that's your view, that until that budget is

         7       passed, people are not entitled to be paid.

         8                      Now, that's what I'm trying to

         9       get you to clarify for me.

        10                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  Senator, I

        11       think I've answered that question -- it's the

        12       same question -- on numerous occasions.  I think

        13       the court -- the stenographer could read it

        14       back, but I think I've given you an answer to

        15       that question, I truly do.

        16                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  And the answer

        17       is that they're not entitled to be paid; is that

        18       your answer?

        19                      SENATOR MARCELLINO:  No, my

        20       answer is what I have stated at least five times

        21       already.

        22                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  O.K. I thank

        23       my good friend for his, I won't say clarifica











                                                             
5299

         1       tion, but for the way he dealt with the -- with

         2       the matter.  Just very briefly, Mr. President,

         3       because I addressed myself on this before.

         4                      I have trouble when people talk

         5       about guilty and not guilty, and I appreciate

         6       and understand the point that Senator Dollinger

         7       who used the term "guilty" was trying to make.

         8       He was trying to say that certainly the

         9       responsibility that there is not a budget does

        10       not lie with staff people.  In fact, I think all

        11       of us will recognize, and will have to admit the

        12       staff people work extremely hard on both sides

        13       of the aisle and on both ends of the Capitol.

        14       They're working harder even than the

        15       legislators.  I think the legislators are

        16       working hard.

        17                      My point is, and which has

        18       troubled me throughout the idea that legislators

        19       who are here who are working, because they

        20       disagree among themselves or they disagree with

        21       the Governor, that they're not entitled to be

        22       paid.  Now, of course, it makes if even worse to

        23       say that those people who don't vote on the











                                                             
5300

         1       budget, that is the staff who we acknowledge are

         2       working very hard, are not entitled to be paid,

         3       entitled to be paid because you don't agree with

         4       the Governor, or you people aren't entitled -

         5       "you" being the Senate Majority -- aren't

         6       entitled to be paid because you don't agree with

         7       the Assembly Majority or the Assembly Majority

         8       isn't entitled to be paid because they don't

         9       agree with you.

        10                      What sort of a concept are we

        11       putting into our democratic system? It's

        12       appalling.  It's shameful, and it becomes really

        13       particularly disturbing and distressing when

        14       secretaries, staff members, particularly those

        15       who are not paid very much and who are really

        16       dependent on this paycheck to meet the basic

        17       human needs of putting bread on the table,

        18       keeping shelter, are not being paid.

        19                      It's just not the way to

        20       proceed.  It's just wrong.  I understand this is

        21       the position of the Governor.  I think he's

        22       pandering.  He's showboating.  We've established

        23       that he got that bad idea from the previous











                                                             
5301

         1       Governor who, at least as I pointed out, was

         2       smart enough actually never to implement it, but

         3       it's -- it's the sort of cheapening of

         4       democracy, of the simple solutions that may sell

         5       well with the public initially, like term

         6       limits, don't pay legislators unless they come

         7       up with a budget.

         8                      I'm sure, if I went to your

         9       district, Senator, and there's some aspects of

        10       this budget that I'm sure your constituents

        11       don't like, maybe the fact that there's going to

        12       be a higher tuition at SUNY and what?  Are we

        13       going to base whether you get paid or not or

        14       whether anybody else gets paid on whether those

        15       people are satisfied with that particular

        16       provision?

        17                      Doesn't make sense.  It's -- we

        18       shouldn't be doing this because we're hurting

        19       the -- the most important thing we have.  More

        20       important than a budget, is a Constitution which

        21       is a governmental process which is a democratic

        22       system, and never before in any state that I

        23       know of and certainly not nationally has the











                                                             
5302

         1       compensation of legislators and their staff ever

         2       been based on whether they perform in a way that

         3       the Governor likes.  That's terrible.

         4                      Just -- just look at the propo

         5       sition for a moment, so, Senator Marcellino, and

         6       I understand you're not the one who used that,

         7       what I find offensive term of "guilty".  No

         8       guilty people here.  There's a basic disagree

         9       ment, some very deep philosophical disagreement

        10       that people are entitled to work out without

        11       being told, Unless you work it out right now and

        12       do it the way that I want, you're not going to

        13       get paid, and I'm not going to pay your staff.

        14                      Not the way to do it.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The Chair

        16       recognizes Senator Abate.

        17                      SENATOR ABATE:  I was not going

        18       to speak, but I was thinking today about the

        19       result of this decision, and rightfully so.

        20       We've spent the last four weeks talking about

        21       the devastating impact this decision will have

        22       on our staffs, hard working staffs that have

        23       little to do with when the budget gets passed,











                                                             
5303

         1       what's going to be in the budget or really any

         2       of the details surrounding that budget, and I

         3       think all of us agree if we put the rhetoric

         4       aside, the politics aside, that these innocent

         5       hard working staff should be paid and we should

         6       go about the business of ensuring a budget is

         7       resolved.

         8                      But there's another issue that's

         9       very important here that I think we're all miss

        10       ing, is the long-term impact of this decision

        11       and how this decision will irreparably harm the

        12       institution called the state Legislature because

        13       I know I, for one, will have to hire staff in

        14       the near future.  I have staff that will be

        15       leaving me that will only make short-term

        16       commitments, and I have to now be in the

        17       business in this spring to ask people, the best

        18       and the brightest people, to interview and want

        19       to work for the Legislature.

        20                      What am I going to say to the

        21       best and the brightest? How am I going to

        22       attracted these individuals to come to work with

        23       the Legislature when they know that we're not a











                                                             
5304

         1       Legislature of our word, when we can't say to

         2       them, If you work an honest day, you'll get paid

         3       for that honest day of work?  How are we going

         4       to get these individuals around the state, the

         5       people who graduate from our universities, who

         6       are good, to say, Well, come on, you want to be

         7       public servants, you want to be altruistic, it's

         8       O.K., work for the Legislature.

         9                      I can not now, given this recent

        10       history, say to these individuals, Don't worry

        11       about it, next year this happens you'll get

        12       paid.  I can't say that.  If we pass this budget

        13       language, again saying that this will be a

        14       recurring incident that these hard working

        15       staffs may not get paid not only next week but

        16       maybe not next year, how are we going to hire

        17       these exceptional individuals?

        18                      I think we're arrogant if we

        19       think we can exist with mediocre staff.  We are

        20       as good as our staff and, if we cannot hire the

        21       best and the brightest, we're not just hurting

        22       the individuals today we can't pay, we're

        23       hurting the institution, this great institution











                                                             
5305

         1       called the state Senate.

         2                      Let's reflect.  We will pay the

         3       price in the long run if we don't reverse this

         4       decision.

         5                      Thank you.

         6                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         7       will read the last section.

         8                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 6.  This

         9       act shall take effect immediately.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        11       roll.

        12                      (The Secretary called the roll. )

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Announce

        14       the results.

        15                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 59.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        17       is passed.

        18                      Chair recognizes Senator Bruno.

        19                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President,

        20       can we now call up Calendar Number 609.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        22       will read Calendar Number 609.

        23                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number











                                                             
5306

         1       609, Budget Bill, Senate Print 4476, an act

         2       making appropriation for the support of

         3       government.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         5       will read the last section.

         6                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 4.  This

         7       act shall take effect immediately.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         9       roll.

        10                      (The Secretary called the roll. )

        11                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 59.

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        13       is passed.

        14                      THE SECRETARY:  Senator Bruno.

        15                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President,

        16       can we now call up Calendar Number 610.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        18       will read Calendar Number 610.

        19                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        20       610, Budget Bill, Senate Print 4477, an act to

        21       provide for payments to municipalities and

        22       providers of medical services.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary











                                                             
5307

         1       will read the last section.

         2                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 3.  This

         3       act shall take effect immediately.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         5       roll.

         6                      (The Secretary called the roll. )

         7                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 59.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

         9       is passed.

        10                      THE SECRETARY:  Senator Bruno.

        11                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President,

        12       can we now take up Calendar Number 611.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        14       will read Calendar Number 611.

        15                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        16       611, Budget Bill, Senate Print 4478, an act to

        17       provide for payments to vendors under the Women,

        18       Infants and Children's program.

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        20       will read the last section.

        21                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 3.  This

        22       act shall take effect immediately.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the











                                                             
5308

         1       roll.

         2                      (The Secretary called the roll. )

         3                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 59.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

         5       is passed.

         6                      Chair recognizes Senator Bruno.

         7                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Could you

         8       recognize Senator Stafford, please.

         9                      SENATOR STAFFORD:  Thank you.

        10       Thank you, Senator Bruno.

        11                      Mr. President, I would announce

        12       that the Finance Committee meeting scheduled for

        13       tomorrow at 11:00 will now be called from the

        14       floor to take place in Room 332.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senate

        16       Finance Committee scheduled for tomorrow morning

        17       at 11:00 o'clock will be called off the floor

        18       tomorrow.

        19                      Chair recognizes Senator Bruno.

        20                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President,

        21       are there any housekeeping items at the desk

        22       that should be handled at this time?

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  There's











                                                             
5309

         1       no housekeeping at the desk, Senator Bruno.

         2                      SENATOR BRUNO:  That being the

         3       case, Mr. President, there being no further

         4       business to come before the Senate, I move that

         5       we stand adjourned until tomorrow, May 2nd, at

         6       11:00 a.m.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Without

         8       objection, Senate stands adjourned until

         9       tomorrow, May 2nd, at 11:00 a.m.

        10                      (Whereupon, at 7:00 p.m., the

        11       Senate adjourned.)

        12

        13

        14

        15