Regular Session - May 2, 1995

                                                                 
5310

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         8                  ALBANY, NEW YORK

         9                    May 2, 1995

        10                     11:04 a.m.

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        13                  REGULAR SESSION

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        15

        16

        17       SENATOR JOHN R. KUHL, JR., Acting President

        18       STEPHEN F. SLOAN, Secretary

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        23











                                                             
5311

         1                      P R O C E E D I N G S

         2                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senate

         3       will come to order.  Find your places.

         4                      Ask everybody in the chamber to

         5       rise with me and say the Pledge of Allegiance to

         6       the Flag.

         7                      (Whereupon, the Senate and those

         8       present joined in the Pledge of Allegiance to

         9       the Flag.)

        10                      In the absence of clergy, may we

        11       bow our heads in a moment of silence.

        12                      (Whereupon, there was a moment of

        13       silence.)

        14                      Reading of the Journal.

        15                      THE SECRETARY:  In Senate,

        16       Monday, May 1.  The Senate met pursuant to

        17       adjournment.  Senator Kuhl in the chair.  Prayer

        18       by the Rabbi Butman.  The Journal of Sunday,

        19       April 30, was read and approved.  On motion,

        20       Senate adjourned.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Hearing

        22       no objection, the Journal stands approved as

        23       read.











                                                             
5312

         1                      Presentation of petitions.

         2                      Messages from the Assembly.

         3                      Messages from the Governor.

         4                      Reports of standing committees.

         5                      Reports of select committees.

         6                      Communications and reports from

         7       state officers.

         8                      Motions and resolutions.

         9                      Chair recognizes Senator Farley.

        10                      SENATOR FARLEY:  Thank you, Mr.

        11       President.  On behalf of Senator Velella, please

        12       remove the sponsor star from Calendar 222.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  At the

        14       request of the sponsor, the star will be removed

        15       on Calendar Number 222.

        16                      Senator Bruno.

        17                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President.

        18       Can we at this time adopt the Resolution

        19       Calendar?

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        21       question is on the Resolution Calendar.

        22                      All those in favor of adopting

        23       it, signify by saying aye.











                                                             
5313

         1                      (Response of "Aye.")

         2                      Opposed, nay.

         3                      The Resolution Calendar is

         4       adopted.

         5                      The Chair recognizes Senator

         6       Bruno.

         7                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President.

         8       We're offering up a resolution.  It's at the

         9       desk.  Move that it be read in its entirety and

        10       move its immediate adoption.

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        12       will read the privileged resolution at the desk,

        13       by Senator Bruno, in its entirety.

        14                      THE SECRETARY:  Legislative

        15       Resolution, by Senator Bruno.  Legislative

        16       Resolution condemning the ruthless bombing of

        17       Oklahoma City Federal Building and the tragic

        18       death and injury of innocent citizens, and

        19       calling for the prompt and certain prosecution

        20       of justice.

        21                      Whereas, America has been shocked

        22       and repulsed by a senseless assault upon life

        23       and property in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; an











                                                             
5314

         1       incomprehensible and cowardly attack within the

         2       country's heartland which has defiled the very

         3       ideals and values upon which our society and

         4       nation was founded.

         5                      With the blast of a massive bomb,

         6       terrorists rained death and destruction upon

         7       hundreds of defenseless children, employees and

         8       visitors, within the Alfred P. Murrah Federal

         9       Building on the morning of Wednesday, April 19,

        10       1995.

        11                      This cruel and despicable act has

        12       brought tragedy and anguish to countless

        13       families, unleashed a national sense of

        14       injustice and brought forth a great outpouring

        15       of compassion from concerned citizens across

        16       this great state and nation.

        17                      Among those bringing aid and

        18       comfort to the grateful citizens of Oklahoma

        19       City were the highly skilled and dedicated

        20       members of the EMS and law enforcement teams

        21       from the State of New York.

        22                      The passing days have revealed

        23       the enormity of this tragedy and its impact upon











                                                             
5315

         1       not only the people of Oklahoma City but an

         2       entire nation; through the mirror of media,

         3       America has watched the anguish of families torn

         4       by missing, dead, and injured members; the

         5       far-reaching destruction of buildings and

         6       businesses; and a new disturbing presence of

         7       fear within a people whose faith in public

         8       safety has been so violently shaken.

         9                      While a weary yet determined

        10       cadre of emergency personnel continued their

        11       skillful and courageous mission of mercy, a

        12       prayerful nation joined hands and hearts in

        13       response to the declaration of a National Day of

        14       Mourning on Sunday, April 23, 1995; a day

        15       dedicated not only to mourning but a day for

        16       extending comfort, hope, and strength to others,

        17       and a day of rededication to the values which

        18       have given strength to, and so justly

        19       personified, the character of America.

        20                      The full measure of law

        21       enforcement has been firmly dedicated to the

        22       application of swift, certain and severe

        23       justice, and now the task of hopeful citizens











                                                             
5316

         1       and its leadership to put anger aside, to seek

         2       the harmony of tolerance and fellowship and to

         3       insure the preservation of the rights of all

         4       citizens in a society dedicated to good will and

         5       good citizenship; now, therefore, be it

         6                      Resolved, That this Legislative

         7       Body declare this... terrorist bombing of the

         8       Oklahoma City Federal Building and the tragic

         9       loss of life and injury to its victims; adding

        10       its grateful praise for the distinguished work

        11       of the EMS and the law enforcement teams from

        12       New York State as well as the heroic efforts of

        13       all who responded to help; calling for the swift

        14       application of justice upon all perpetrators;

        15       and extending the deepest condolences and

        16       heartfelt prayers of the citizens of the State

        17       of New York to the brave people of Oklahoma

        18       City, Oklahoma; and be it further

        19                      Resolved, that copies of this

        20       resolution, suitably engrossed, be transmitted

        21       to President Bill Clinton, Attorney General

        22       Janet Reno, Oklahoma Governor Frank Keating, and

        23       Governor George E. Pataki and the members of the











                                                             
5317

         1       New York State Congressional Delegation.

         2                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The Chair

         3       recognizes Senator Bruno on the resolution.

         4                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Thank you, Mr.

         5       President.  On the resolution.

         6                      Mr. President.  What happened in

         7       Oklahoma City is like the worst nightmare that

         8       anyone could ever imagine, and it is still hard

         9       for us all here in this state and all over the

        10       country to comprehend the pain, the suffering,

        11       that's been created.  We can think about it and

        12       we can talk about it, but it's almost impossible

        13       to just fully appreciate what has happened to

        14       those families -- 150 people dead.  15 babies.

        15       You think about that happening as someone's

        16       malicious act, it's kind of hard to comprehend.

        17                      But it's fitting that we

        18       recognize for these moments that tragedy.  It's

        19       fitting, Mr. President, that we think about the

        20       victims, their lives which have been shortened

        21       in this tragic way, but we also think about

        22       families, their friends, all of the survivors

        23       that mourn; and that we remember these people in











                                                             
5318

         1       our thoughts and in our prayers; and that we

         2       pray that time will truly heal those wounds that

         3       are so open now for the people that were close

         4       and for the people all over the country, all

         5       over the world, that can't help but focus and

         6       think about the pain and suffering that's there,

         7       and it goes on and on and on.

         8                      So we pray for the victims.  We

         9       pray for the families, and we pray for their

        10       friends, and we recognize them in this way on

        11       this floor as they will be recognized and

        12       remembered all over this great country of ours;

        13       and, hopefully, by focusing attention on this,

        14       we might in some way inhibit any of the

        15       tragedies that might occur in the future,

        16       causing people to just think about what they're

        17       doing to innocent people.

        18                      Mr. President.  I would at this

        19       time suggest that we open up this resolution and

        20       its sponsorship to any of the members that are

        21       in the chamber today.

        22                      Thank you, Mr. President.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator











                                                             
5319

         1       Bruno, I see that there are several members that

         2       would like to be on it.  Why don't we take the

         3       position that we put all the members, because of

         4       the delicateness of this resolution, on the

         5       resolution except for those who would signify to

         6       the desk later that they don't wish to be on the

         7       resolution.

         8                      The chair recognizes Senator

         9       Paterson on the resolution.

        10                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Mr.

        11       President.  I think it is a tremendous gesture

        12       that we are making today in the Senate by

        13       pausing in our deliberations to recognize such a

        14       horrible tragedy in this country.

        15                      Last Wednesday, which was the one

        16       week anniversary, we opened our session an hour

        17       earlier so that at 10:02 a.m. eastern time we

        18       were able to comply with the President's wish

        19       that at 9:02 central time which was the one week

        20       anniversary of that horrible disaster that we

        21       paused in a moment of silence.  I thought that

        22       was a wonderfully sensitive gesture on the part

        23       of our Majority Leader, Senator Bruno.











                                                             
5320

         1                      There have been a few very

         2       unfortunate incidents that have occurred,

         3       personally to some of our members and also in

         4       the world, that we have recognized this year,

         5       and I am very grateful for that.

         6                      You have to wonder about the

         7       personality or the mind-set that feels

         8       comfortable being the catalyst for such a

         9       horrible, terrible disaster.  You have to really

        10       dismiss any ideological certainty that is being

        11       advanced by such an act.  One wonders what kind

        12       of government these individuals, terrorists

        13       around the world, whether they be in the Middle

        14       East, whether they be right here in the United

        15       States, whether it be at the World Trade Center

        16       or from whatever source it's coming, what kind

        17       of government are they suggesting that we live

        18       in where those who are trying to change the

        19       government destroy lives, destroy children,

        20       destroy the hopes and dreams of a whole

        21       community, a whole city and put an everlasting

        22       blemish on our country's history.

        23                      It is really one of the saddest











                                                             
5321

         1       state of affairs that we could ever be

         2       addressing in this chamber, and yet as public

         3       servants we have to address it.  These are

         4       issues that are actually happening in our

         5       society now.  With all of our advanced

         6       technology, with all of our increased humanity,

         7       we are still fighting the inability of human

         8       beings to recognize each other's right to live

         9       on this planet.

        10                      And, certainly, we should never

        11       in any way compare the disagreements that we

        12       have in this chamber with any kind of

        13       endorsement of these types of acts because the

        14       philosophy that the individuals may be spouting

        15       as they commit these acts has nothing to do with

        16       the acts themselves.  They are just convenient

        17       excuses and avenues to violence, because that's

        18       all it really is.  Violence that is manifested

        19       in the conduct that is so loathsome and

        20       despicable that we just notice is really coming

        21       from a sick and twisted mind or a group of sick

        22       and twisted minds.

        23                      So I am very happy that we would











                                                             
5322

         1       have this resolution today.  I hope that the

         2       families and the survivors who were injured in

         3       that disaster will somehow try to take something

         4       from what we're offering today.  We are really

         5       offering in our own small way, in our own human

         6       way, the gesture that we care.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         8       Dollinger on the resolution.

         9                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Mr.

        10       President, just briefly.

        11                      I want to commend Senator Bruno

        12       for taking the leadership on this issue and

        13       sending a message to the people of Oklahoma that

        14       we in New York, who had our own experience with

        15       terrorism, understand what the devastation is

        16       that's wreaked on the families by these

        17       villainous acts.

        18                      I have only one suggestion.  I'm

        19       not sure it needs to be put on the resolution,

        20       but I would recommend that we send a copy of

        21       this resolution not only to those who are listed

        22       on the resolution but to the families of the

        23       victims, as well, so that they will have an











                                                             
5323

         1       expression from us that we in New York recognize

         2       that we are a nation of families.  We share

         3       their family's grief.  We share their family's

         4       disappointment and  distress, and that we will

         5       send a clear message to them that we in the New

         6       York family do not tolerate violence in any

         7       form.

         8                      I just recommend that we send it.

         9       I'm sure we can get a list of families that lost

        10       someone and, perhaps, send if to the parent or

        11       the spouse so that they will have a memorial

        12       from us of the importance of the American family

        13       and our tradition against violence.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        15       question is on the resolution.  All those in

        16       favor signify by saying aye.

        17                      (Response of "Aye.")

        18                      Opposed, nay.

        19                      The resolution is unanimously

        20       adopted.

        21                      Senator Bruno.

        22                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President.

        23       Can we return to reports of standing committees,











                                                             
5324

         1       and I believe there is a report from the Finance

         2       Committee at the desk.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  There is

         4       a report of a nomination at the desk, Senator

         5       Bruno.  I will ask the Secretary to read.

         6                      THE SECRETARY:  Senator Stafford

         7       from the Committee on Finance offers up the

         8       following nomination:  Member of the New York

         9       State Racing and Wagering Board, Jerry Bilinski,

        10       DVM, of North Chatham.

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Chair

        12       recognizes Senator Bruno on the nomination.

        13                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President, on

        14       the nomination.  I am very pleased to be able to

        15       stand in support of this nominee.  I have known

        16       Dr. Jerry Bilinski for a lot of years, as I have

        17       known his wife Darlene that joins him here in

        18       the chamber today.

        19                      I know him to be a true

        20       professional in his field of veterinary

        21       medicine.  I know him to be a business person

        22       who has had one of the more successful

        23       veterinary clinics in the state.  I know him as











                                                             
5325

         1       a horse person, raising horses, brood mares,

         2       standing stallions, one of the most outstanding

         3       stallions in the state.

         4                      So it is very refreshing to have

         5       someone take on a position of responsibility

         6       that is as important to the people of this state

         7       as this one is, and it's especially worth noting

         8       that Dr. Bilinski is extremely successful in his

         9       business world and in his professional world and

        10       has a lot of things that he could be doing with

        11       his time if he so chooses.  He is choosing to do

        12       this public work on behalf of the great majority

        13       of the people of this state.  I want to commend

        14       him for that.

        15                      I commend his wife, who has

        16       supported him in all of his activities, and just

        17       want to urge the support of all of my colleagues

        18       in the chamber because we have a person in Dr.

        19       Bilinski that will do all of the good things

        20       that need to be done for an industry that needs

        21       a lot of attention, a lot of help, a lot of

        22       sophistication, a lot of knowledge, a lot of

        23       enthusiasm, a lot of energy, and Dr. Bilinski











                                                             
5326

         1       possesses all of those qualities and attributes.

         2                      So I am pleased to move his

         3       nomination, Mr. President.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Chair

         5       recognizes Senator Nozzolio on the confirmation.

         6                      SENATOR NOZZOLIO:  Thank you, Mr.

         7       President.

         8                      Mr. President.  My colleagues.  I

         9       rise to echo the comments of my Majority Leader

        10       in support of this nomination.  It's an

        11       extremely important position and the challenges

        12       ahead are great and significant.  I haven't in

        13       or near my Senatorial District Fortune 500

        14       companies like Kodak and Xerox, but the largest

        15       private sector employer in my district is the

        16       Finger Lakes Racetrack.  It's an important

        17       component not only to the employment directly

        18       but also the very important aspect of tourism in

        19       our Finger Lakes Region.  I'm very pleased in my

        20       conversations with Dr. Bilinski that he

        21       recognizes the importance of this economic

        22       entity and its important contribution to the

        23       Finger Lakes economy.











                                                             
5327

         1                      The discussions -- I'm also

         2       pleased that the nominee, Dr. Bilinski, is

         3       committed to working with us here in the

         4       Legislature to do more, to do better, on behalf

         5       of those horse interests and racing interests in

         6       our state.

         7                      Mr. President, I support this

         8       nomination and urge my colleagues to do

         9       likewise.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Chair

        11       recognizes Senator Farley on the confirmation.

        12                      SENATOR FARLEY:  Thank you, Mr.

        13       President.  I rise to support this nomination.

        14       Racing is one of the most important industries

        15       in this state.  Very important to Senator Bruno

        16       and myself that we share with Saratoga County,

        17       and I know of Senator Bruno's love of horses and

        18       his recommendation of the good doctor is

        19       significant because, of course, horses do play a

        20       large part of the racing industry.

        21                      And I am pleased to support this

        22       nomination.  I think, of course, the doctor is

        23       eminently qualified and will serve us well, and











                                                             
5328

         1       I applaud the Governor on this outstanding

         2       appointment.

         3                      I vote aye.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

         5       question is on the nomination of Dr. Jerry

         6       Bilinski of North Chatham to the position as a

         7       member of New York State Racing and Wagering

         8       Board.

         9                      All those in favor of the

        10       nomination, signify by saying aye.

        11                      (Response of "Aye.")

        12                      Opposed nay.

        13                      (There was no response.)

        14                      The nominee is confirmed.

        15                      We are very pleased to be joined

        16       by Dr. Jerry Bilinski.  He's in the gallery with

        17       us, together with his wife, Darlene.

        18                      Dr. Bilinski, congratulations and

        19       good luck.

        20                      (Applause.)

        21                      Senator Bruno, that brings us to

        22       the calendar.

        23                      SENATOR BRUNO:  Mr. President.











                                                             
5329

         1       Can we at this time take up the noncontroversial

         2       calendar.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         4       will read the noncontroversial calendar.

         5                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

         6       97, by Senator Goodman, Senate Print 926A, an

         7       act to amend the Tax Law, in relation to

         8       additional tax on receipts from the sale of

         9       parking services rendered in certain cities.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        11       will read the last section.

        12                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 4.  This

        13       act shall take effect immediately.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        15       roll.

        16                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        17                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        19       is passed.

        20                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        21       103, by Member of the Assembly Tokasz, Assembly

        22       Print 2444, an act to amend the Education Law,

        23       in relation to the practice of optometry.











                                                             
5330

         1                      SENATOR PATERSON:  Lay it aside.

         2                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Lay the

         3       bill aside.

         4                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

         5       155, by Member of the Assembly Tonko, Assembly

         6       Print 2331, an act to amend the Civil Service

         7       Law, in relation to notifying candidates.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         9       will read the last section.

        10                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 3.  This

        11       act shall take effect on the first day of

        12       January.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        14       roll.

        15                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        16                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        18       is passed.

        19                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        20       204, by Senator Saland, Senate Print 2598, an

        21       act to amend the Family Court Act, in relation

        22       to extensions of child placement and child

        23       protective proceedings.











                                                             
5331

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         2       will read the last section.

         3                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

         4       act shall take effect on the 90th day.

         5                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         6       roll.

         7                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

         8                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        10       is passed.

        11                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        12       206, by Member of the Assembly Pillitiere,

        13       Assembly Print 917, an act to amend the

        14       Navigation Law, in relation to vessel lighting

        15       and the operation of personal water craft.

        16                      SENATOR DeFRANCISCO:  Would you

        17       please lay that aside for the day.

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Lay the

        19       bill aside.

        20                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        21       275, by Member of the Assembly Lopez, Assembly

        22       Bill 5097A, an act to amend the Private Housing

        23       Finance Law, in relation to housing loans.











                                                             
5332

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         2       will read the last section.

         3                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

         4       act shall take effect immediately.

         5                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         6       roll.

         7                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

         8                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        10       is passed.

        11                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        12       303, by Senator Levy, Senate Print 364, an act

        13       to amend the Vehicle and Traffic Law, in

        14       relation to imposing an additional fine,

        15       imprisonment for DWI offenses.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        17       will read the last section.

        18                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

        19       act shall take effect first day of November.

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        21       roll.

        22                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        23                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.











                                                             
5333

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Announce

         2       the results when tabulated.

         3                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 41.  Nays

         4       1.  Senator Kuhl recorded in the negative.

         5                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

         6       is passed.

         7                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

         8       320, by Senator Saland, Senate Print 2118, an

         9       act to amend the Domestic Relations Law, in

        10       relation to orders for child custody and

        11       support.

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        13       will read the last section.

        14                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

        15       act shall take effect in 120 days.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        17       roll.

        18                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        19                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        21       is passed.

        22                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        23       358, by Senator Trunzo, Senate Print 3655, an











                                                             
5334

         1       act to amend the Retirement and Social Security

         2       Law, in relation to providing that vested

         3       members shall not lose vested status.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         5       will read the last section.

         6                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 3.  This

         7       act shall take effect immediately.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         9       roll.

        10                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        11                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        13       is passed.

        14                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        15       367, by Senator Skelos, Senate Print 520, an act

        16       to amend the Education Law, in relation to

        17       notification to parents of an elementary school

        18       pupil's absence from school.

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        20       will read the last section.

        21                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 3.  This

        22       act shall take effect on the first day of

        23       September.











                                                             
5335

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         2       roll.

         3                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

         4                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.

         5                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

         6       is passed.

         7                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

         8       380, by Member of the Assembly Luster, Assembly

         9       Print 1541, an act to amend the Criminal

        10       Procedure Law, in relation to authorizing the

        11       presence of a counselor.

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        13       will read the last section.

        14                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

        15       act shall take effect immediately.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        17       roll.

        18                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        19                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        21       is passed.

        22                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        23       382, Member of the Assembly Gromack, Assembly











                                                             
5336

         1       Print 3039, an act to amend the Criminal

         2       Procedure Law, in relation to conferring peace

         3       officer status.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         5       will read the last section.

         6                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

         7       act shall take effect immediately.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         9       roll.

        10                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        11                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        13       is passed.

        14                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        15       395, by Senator Trunzo, Senate Print 3983, an

        16       act to amend the Civil Service Law, in relation

        17       to the adjournment of certain arbitration

        18       proceedings.

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        20       will read the last section.

        21                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

        22       act shall take effect immediately.

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the











                                                             
5337

         1       roll.

         2                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

         3                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

         5       is passed.

         6                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

         7       396, by Senator Trunzo, Senate Print 3984, an

         8       act to amend the Retirement and Social Security

         9       Law, in relation to providing ordinary death

        10       benefit coverage.

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        12       will read the last section.

        13                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 11.  This

        14       act shall take effect immediately.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        16       roll.

        17                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        18                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        20       is passed.

        21                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        22       417, by Member of the Assembly Gottfried,

        23       Assembly Print 3826A, an act to amend the Public











                                                             
5338

         1       Health Law and the Insurance Law in relation to

         2       radiation therapy.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         4       will read the last section.

         5                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 10.  This

         6       act shall take effect on the 30th day.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         8       roll.

         9                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        10                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        12       is passed.

        13                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        14       418, by Member of the Assembly Gottfried,

        15       Assembly Bill 5759, an act to amend the Public

        16       Health Law, in relation to prohibition of

        17       financial arrangements.

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        19       will read the last section.

        20                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

        21       act shall take effect immediately.

        22                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        23       roll.











                                                             
5339

         1                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

         2                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

         4       is passed.

         5                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

         6       425, by Senator Saland, Senate Print 2113, an

         7       act to amend the Family Court Act and the

         8       Criminal Procedure Law, in relation to

         9       authorizing the court to permit a petitioner.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        11       will read the last section.

        12                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 8.  This

        13       act shall take effect on the 90th day.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        15       roll.

        16                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        17                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 42.

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        19       is passed.

        20                      Senator Skelos, that completes

        21       the noncontroversial calendar.

        22                      SENATOR SKELOS:  Yes, Mr.

        23       President.  Is there any housekeeping at the











                                                             
5340

         1       desk at this time before we go to the

         2       controversial calendar?

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  There is

         4       none at the desk reported by The Secretary.

         5                      SENATOR SKELOS:  If we could

         6       proceed then with the controversial calendar.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         8       will call the controversial calendar.

         9                      THE SECRETARY:  On page 9,

        10       Calendar Number 103, by Member of the Assembly

        11       Tokasz, Assembly Print 2444, an act to amend the

        12       Education Law, in relation to the practice of

        13       optometry.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        15       Skelos, an explanation.

        16                      SENATOR SKELOS:  May we stand at

        17       ease for a moment.  I believe Senator Volker is

        18       in the Finance Committee meeting, and we'll get

        19       him in.

        20                      I know that a couple of members

        21       would like to vote at this time.  If we could

        22       call the roll for purposes of Senator Trunzo

        23       voting.











                                                             
5341

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         2       will read the last section on Calendar Number

         3       103.

         4                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 6.  This

         5       act shall take effect on the 120th day.

         6                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         7       roll.

         8                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        10       Trunzo, how do you vote?

        11                      SENATOR TRUNZO:  Yes.

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        13       Trunzo will be recorded in the affirmative.

        14                      Secretary will withdraw the roll

        15       call.

        16                      SENATOR SKELOS:  May we just

        17       stand at ease for a moment.

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  We will

        19       stand at ease momentarily, awaiting Senator

        20       Volker.

        21                      (The Senate was at ease.)

        22                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        23       Senate will come to order.











                                                             
5342

         1                      Chair recognizes Senator Skelos.

         2                      SENATOR SKELOS:  I believe you

         3       have another report from the Finance Committee.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  We do.

         5       We have called up Calendar Number 103, Senator

         6       Skelos, so why don't we lay that aside

         7       temporarily.  We'll return to reports of

         8       standing committees.  We have a report of the

         9       Finance Committee.  I will ask the Secretary to

        10       read.

        11                      THE SECRETARY:  Senator Stafford

        12       from the Committee on Finance reports the

        13       following bill:  Senate Print 4579, Budget Bill,

        14       an act to provide for payments to certain

        15       municipalities under the Municipal Assistance

        16       Program and making an appropriation therefor.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Without

        18       objection, the bill is reported to third

        19       reading.

        20                      Senator Skelos, do you wish to

        21       take this up at this time?

        22                      SENATOR SKELOS:  Mr. President.

        23       Is there a message of necessity at the desk?











                                                             
5343

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Yes.  I

         2       will ask the Secretary to read the bill, and

         3       then we will have a substitution, and then we

         4       will take the message.

         5                      Secretary will read.

         6                      THE SECRETARY:  Senator Stafford

         7       moves to discharge from the Committee on Finance

         8       Assembly Bill Number 7485 and substitute it for

         9       the identical Senate Bill 4579.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        11       will -- substitution is ordered.

        12                      Senator Skelos.

        13                      SENATOR SKELOS:  Yes, is there a

        14       message of necessity at the desk?

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  There is

        16       a message of necessity on the Assembly bill,

        17       Senator Skelos, at the desk.

        18                      SENATOR SKELOS:  Move to accept.

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        20       motion is to accept the message of necessity.

        21       All those in favor, signify by saying aye.

        22                      (Response of "Aye.")

        23                      Opposed, nay.











                                                             
5344

         1                      (There was no response.)

         2                      The message is accepted.

         3                      Secretary will read the last

         4       section.

         5                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 2.  This

         6       act shall take effect immediately.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

         8       roll.

         9                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        10                      THE SECRETARY:  Ayes 47.

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

        12       is passed.

        13                      Chair recognizes Senator Skelos.

        14                      SENATOR SKELOS:  There will be an

        15       immediate meeting of the Tourism Committee in

        16       Room 332 of the Capitol.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  There

        18       will be an immediate meeting of the Tourism

        19       Committee in the Majority Conference Room, Room

        20       332.

        21                      SENATOR SKELOS:  And at this

        22       time, Mr. President, if we can take up Calendar

        23       Number 103, Senate 1186.











                                                             
5345

         1                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         2       will read Calendar Number 103.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Chair

         4       recognizes Senator Saland.

         5                      SENATOR SALAND:  Thank you, Mr.

         6       President.  I was out of the chamber at a

         7       Finance meeting, and would request unanimous

         8       consent to join you, Mr. President, in the

         9       negative on Calendar 303.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Without

        11       objection, Senator Saland will be recorded in

        12       the negative on Calendar Number 303.

        13                      SENATOR SALAND:  Thank you, Mr.

        14       President.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        16       will read Calendar Number 103.

        17                      THE SECRETARY:  Calendar Number

        18       103, by Member of the Assembly Tokasz, Assembly

        19       Print Number 2444, an act to amend the Education

        20       Law, in relation to the practice of optometry.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        22       Volker, an explanation of the bill was asked for

        23       when it was brought up the last time by Senator











                                                             
5346

         1       Dollinger.

         2                      Chair recognizes Senator Volker

         3       for an explanation.

         4                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Mr. President.

         5       First of all, let me say and I think this

         6       certainly is a very important bill.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         8       Volker, excuse the interruption.

         9                      Ladies and gentlemen, may we have

        10       the members please take their chairs and take

        11       the conversations out of the chamber.  It's

        12       extremely noisy in here.  We won't proceed until

        13       it quiets down.

        14                      Senator Volker.

        15                      SENATOR VOLKER:  First of all, I

        16       might say, I think that is important bill; and,

        17       in a sense, I want to apologize to my colleagues

        18       and at the same time thank my good friend

        19       Senator Ken LaValle for the hard work that he

        20       did on this bill and also for the fact that,

        21       very honestly, this bill should have been signed

        22       into law last year and would not even be here.

        23                      This bill passed the Senate by a











                                                             
5347

         1       vote of 49 to 11 last year.  It was not a real

         2       controversial bill.  It was agreed to by

         3       virtually everybody involved.

         4                      But like so many other areas,

         5       especially areas where there is turf involved,

         6       one of the parties involved who had agreed to

         7       it, some of the members of that organization

         8       started backing around and saying, "We don't

         9       know if this was such a good idea," and some

        10       very powerful members of that organization then

        11       got to the medical society and said, "You know,

        12       if you let this happen, why other groups will be

        13       coming in and wanting to impinge on us," and so

        14       forth and so on.  The next thing you know, the

        15       medical society that had been very quiet all of

        16       a sudden got involved.

        17                      So what has happened here is that

        18       we have a situation where you might be

        19       interested to know there are 48 states in the

        20       Union -- 48 -- that allow for the kind of

        21       statutes that we presently have, that allow, in

        22       other words, some form of drug use for eyes in

        23       the -- that we do in this state already.  There











                                                             
5348

         1       are 41 states in the Union that provide some

         2       form of therapeutic drug treatment contrary to

         3       what some of the nonsense that has been -- that

         4       has been distributed around.

         5                      In fact, interesting statistic

         6       that I found out was that two of the three

         7       examinations that are done in this state are

         8       done by optometrists and not by

         9       ophthalmologists, which I think may give you an

        10       idea of one reason why some ophthalmologists are

        11       concerned here.

        12                      Let me just, if I might, read

        13       you -- and there's a reason why I'm doing this.

        14       I am going to read you a little statement of how

        15       we came about here, partly because I think it is

        16       important to this issue and also because I think

        17       there is just so much misunderstanding about

        18       what has happened.  So I'm going to give you

        19       just a brief history of what's before us.

        20                      An almost identical bill passed

        21       this house last year.  The chair of the Assembly

        22       Higher Education Committee, Ed Sullivan, asked

        23       for a few technical amendments which were











                                                             
5349

         1       included in the chapter amendment.  That chapter

         2       amendment failed to get a message of necessity,

         3       and those of you that were here then obviously

         4       remember there were some problems at the end of

         5       last session with messages of necessity.

         6                      Those chapter amendments have

         7       been included in this bill; and except for the

         8       effective date, the bill is the identical to the

         9       marriage resulting from the original piece of

        10       legislation that was passed and the chapter

        11       amendments' technical amendments.

        12                      The chairs of the Higher

        13       Education Committees, Senator Ken LaValle and

        14       his counterpart in the Assembly, had previously

        15       asked the Education Department to conduct an

        16       analysis of the issues surrounding optometric

        17       use of therapeutic drugs.  The Department's

        18       report, which was issued in June of 1993, became

        19       the framework for almost a year's effort in

        20       developing a bill which reflected public need,

        21       the Education Department's proposals, and the

        22       position of optometry and ophthalmology and the

        23       chairs of the legislative committees.











                                                             
5350

         1                      The bill currently before us has

         2       the support of the Education Department.  The

         3       Health Department -- that is, the new Health

         4       Department -- has taken no position.  Optometry

         5       is strongly supportive and the representatives

         6       of ophthalmology had indicated they had signed

         7       off on the legislation.  In fact, they were part

         8       of the discussions that went on for a long

         9       period of time.

        10                      The medical society has begun to

        11       voice objections to the bill asking for a

        12       collaborative agreement.  The only physicians

        13       with whom the optometrists could possibly have a

        14       collaborative agreement would be the

        15       ophthalmologists, and they have agreed to this

        16       legislation in the past.  While there may be

        17       individual optometrists and ophthalmologists who

        18       are unhappy with the negotiations, the bill

        19       does, in fact, reflect the final position of

        20       both of those organizations.

        21                      I am convinced that the medical

        22       society is fighting a battle on nurse

        23       practitioners and nurse anesthetists and others











                                                             
5351

         1       who are looking to expand their scope of

         2       practice to include areas heretofore the

         3       exclusive purview of physicians.  So other than

         4       the medical society as a whole, the other

         5       components including that group of medical

         6       practitioners most directly affected have

         7       actively participated and have been instrumental

         8       in developing this proposal and had no objection

         9       to this legislation.

        10                      The bill redefines optometry by

        11       permitting those optometrists who have the

        12       requisite clinical training to use certain

        13       specified drugs.  The drug utilization is

        14       divided into two phases.  In the first phase,

        15       topical medication is used for relatively common

        16       routine diseases such as inflammation of the

        17       eye.  Before an optometrist may participate in

        18       Phase I, he or she must have acquired a minimum

        19       of 300 hours of clinical training.

        20       Ophthalmologists are actively participating in

        21       this review process as they are in an evaluation

        22       committee which will assist in determining if

        23       optometrists who apply for certification have











                                                             
5352

         1       the necessary clinical experience.

         2                      There are particular procedures

         3       to be followed in the event that steroids or

         4       antiviral medications are dispensed or

         5       prescribed.  The language and protocols for

         6       these medications were developed in consultation

         7       with the Education Department, members of the

         8       New York State Medical Board, and the

         9       ophthalmological society's representatives.  All

        10       parties concurred with the approach in this

        11       bill.

        12                      During the first 12 months of

        13       this Phase I utilization, all optometrists

        14       prescribing drugs must advise a review committee

        15       of the illness treated, the medication

        16       provided -- prescribed and the outcome.

        17       Ophthalmologists are actively engaged in this

        18       component as they are in the committee which

        19       will write the initial report on the experience

        20       of optometrists prescribing medication.

        21                      In Phase II, optometrists are

        22       permitted to use certain glaucoma medications;

        23       however, glaucoma patients must be co-managed











                                                             
5353

         1       with an ophthalmologist during the first three

         2       years but not for fewer than 75 patients.  The

         3       issue raised by the medical society on

         4       collaborative agreements was resolved by

         5       optometry, ophthalmology, and the chairs of the

         6       committees by requiring this co-management

         7       relationship between ophthalmologists and

         8       optometrists.

         9                      Optometrists must have an

        10       additional 100 hours of clinical training solely

        11       in glaucoma management prior to being authorized

        12       to use Phase II drugs.  Optometrists must have a

        13       notification in their office advising patients

        14       of the condition in which they are practicing.

        15       They will be held to the same standards to which

        16       physicians in the community are held.  They must

        17       participate in conditioning education programs.

        18                      Similar legislation has been

        19       enacted in 41 other states.  New York is late to

        20       the authorization although the SUNY College of

        21       Optometry has been one of the premier clinical

        22       programs in the country.  The Education

        23       Department has submitted a memorandum in support











                                                             
5354

         1       while the new Commissioner of Education has

         2       taken no position -- Commissioner of Health.

         3       I'm sorry.  The Health Department in prior years

         4       has endorsed this legislation stating, "The

         5       authorization of optometrists to use drugs will

         6       encourage and facilitate greater access to

         7       health care services; may also reduce or limit

         8       the increase in costs of vision care services

         9       provided by publicly financed health care

        10       programs."

        11                      This bill is an evolutionary step

        12       in the development of scope of practice for

        13       ancillary health care providers.  It has been

        14       carefully reviewed, negotiated by the chairs of

        15       the Senate and Assembly Higher Education

        16       Committees.

        17                      I want to especially thank

        18       Senator LaValle for not only all the work that

        19       he did but also because -- those of you who may

        20       remember that a major reason why the bill was

        21       late in last session is that it occurred after I

        22       had had some major surgery, and I had

        23       anticipated coming back before the end of the











                                                             
5355

         1       session.  Unfortunately, that didn't work out,

         2       and I was not able to come back by the end of

         3       the session; and as a result, Senator LaValle

         4       moved the bill late in the session and did a

         5       Herculean job; and if wasn't for some of the

         6       things that occurred, really, outside the -

         7       outside of our control, the bill would have,

         8       presumably, been signed into law and we would

         9       not have this bill before us today.  So I just

        10       wanted to make that clear.

        11                      And I will be glad to try to

        12       answer any questions anybody might have.

        13                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Mr.

        14       President.  If Senator Volker will yield to a

        15       couple of questions?

        16                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Sure.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        18       Volker, do you yield to a question from Senator

        19       Dollinger?

        20                      The Senator yields.

        21                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  First of all,

        22       Senator, I appreciate your effort with this

        23       bill.  I know this has been a long time in











                                                             
5356

         1       working through.  I'd just like to go through

         2       and make sure I understand a couple components

         3       of it.

         4                      First of all, with respect to

         5       glaucoma, which is an issue that, at least to my

         6       recollection, was not at least clearly

         7       understood by me last year when we did the bill,

         8       and I know that the medical society, the

         9       ophthalmological society have come forward with

        10       information that suggests that glaucoma is a

        11       slightly different animal in this arranged

        12       pattern of diseases that affect the eye and,

        13       frankly, that there are different treatments.

        14                      Just for the record, how many

        15       states in the United States now permit

        16       optometrists to treat glaucoma?  Do you know how

        17       many?  You have used the number of 41.  I

        18       believe that applies to general therapeutic

        19       drugs.  My question is, what about the issue of

        20       glaucoma?

        21                      SENATOR VOLKER:  I think

        22       general -- I think that's true, and I think that

        23       there are a great number of those that do,











                                                             
5357

         1       although I don't know if we have an exact

         2       number.  There are 30 -- 30 states, according to

         3       the information I have, allow some form of

         4       treatment of glaucoma.  Not all, of course, in

         5       the same vein allow it.  Some allow it in

         6       collaboration with ophthalmologists; some allow

         7       it separately, but all of 30 states allow

         8       treatment of glaucoma.

         9                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Again,

        10       through you, Mr. President.

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        12       Dollinger is asking Senator Volker to yield.

        13       Senator Volker, do you yield?

        14                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Certainly.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        16       yields.

        17                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Senator, are

        18       you familiar with the characteristics of

        19       glaucoma and why the ophthalmological society is

        20       concerned about having optometrists, even with

        21       the additional training, treat glaucoma and its

        22       effects?

        23                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Yes, I think I











                                                             
5358

         1       am, and I think -- keep in mind that the

         2       treatment of glaucoma is in the second phase

         3       here and we have set up a system whereby it

         4       would be done in conjunction with

         5       ophthalmologists as a co-management type of

         6       operation.  You are aware of that, I assume.

         7                      And the reason for that is to

         8       allay some of the concerns that some of the

         9       ophthalmologists had; and, remember, that this

        10       bill was the result of a long and tortuous

        11       process that did involve both ophthalmologists,

        12       optometrists and so forth, as well as the

        13       legislative people, and that that's where this

        14       agreement came from.

        15                      I think what has happened is

        16       that -- and let's face it.  I think some of this

        17       is obviously turf, not that there aren't people

        18       that are concerned, but I think what has

        19       happened here is that some people on both sides,

        20       the ophthalmologists and the optometrists -- the

        21       optometrists think this didn't go far enough;

        22       the ophthalmologists think maybe this went too

        23       far.  It is, I think, one of the classic cases











                                                             
5359

         1       of people not involved directly in the process

         2       who are saying, "Well, maybe we shouldn't have

         3       done this," but their basic -- both groups,

         4       agreed to this.

         5                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Again,

         6       through you, Mr. President, if Senator Volker

         7       will yield.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         9       Volker, do you continue to yield?

        10                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Sure.

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        12       Senator continues to yield.

        13                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  The issue of

        14       the co-management, as you describe it, Senator,

        15       with respect to glaucoma, raises a troubling

        16       question of liability and malpractice; and that

        17       is, how do you apportion, how do you deal with

        18       the malpractice issue that flows from

        19       co-management versus what is currently the

        20       singular management by a physician for

        21       glaucoma?

        22                      SENATOR VOLKER:  I think the way

        23       you would deal with it were if the proper











                                                             
5360

         1       procedures are followed and if the training and

         2       so forth is -

         3                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Mr.

         4       President.  I am kind of having a problem

         5       hearing.

         6                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  So am I,

         7       Senator Dollinger, and you raise a good point.

         8       Why don't we see if we can get the members to

         9       take their conversations out of the chamber, see

        10       if we can get the sergeant-at-arms to the close

        11       the doors so we don't have noise coming in.

        12                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Thank you,

        13       Mr. President.

        14                      SENATOR VOLKER:  I think,

        15       Senator, that what I was about to say was that

        16       as long as you use the standard of care that is

        17       normally used by any physician -- in fact, right

        18       in the bill on page 2, line 34, where it talks

        19       about standard of care, it says, "An optometrist

        20       authorized to use pharmaceutical agents for use

        21       in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of

        22       ocular disease shall be held to the same

        23       standard of care and diagnosis, use of agent and











                                                             
5361

         1       treatment, as that degree of skill and

         2       proficiency commonly exercised by the physician

         3       in the same community."

         4                      So what you would have is a

         5       situation where that optometrist would be held

         6       to the same standard; and as long as the -- or

         7       as long as he complied -- he or she complied

         8       with the rules as set forth in this bill and

         9       practiced in the normal -- with the normal care,

        10       that would comply with those kinds of -- those

        11       kinds of issues.

        12                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Again,

        13       through you, Mr. President, if Senator Volker

        14       will yield.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        16       Volker, do you continue to yield?

        17                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Yes.

        18                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  In these

        19       co-management situations between optometrists

        20       and ophthalmologists, does the bill specify -

        21       and I apologize for perhaps not being able to

        22       cite chapter and verse here, but does the bill

        23       specify who is the primary care provider or who











                                                             
5362

         1       is the primary manager of the care to be

         2       provided?

         3                      I'm simply -- and, again, through

         4       you, Mr. President, I'm simply trying to decide

         5       who, by law, are we apportioning the major

         6       responsibility for treatment so that in the

         7       event of a malpractice action we have some -

         8       are we in any way tinkering in this law with

         9       that, the apportionment of liability

        10       responsibility?

        11                      SENATOR VOLKER:  We're not

        12       tinkering.  I think what we're doing here is

        13       that the -- what we're doing -- we have a

        14       section, by the way, that deals with

        15       consultation, and that's on page 3, Section 6,

        16       and it talks about how the consultation is set

        17       up, and so forth, and I think what we would be

        18       doing was, as long as there was compliance with

        19       the rules, I think the question would be -- if

        20       there was some sort of malpractice, I guess the

        21       question would be, if it was on behalf,

        22       obviously, of the optometrist, it didn't comply

        23       with the agreement, he or she, quite clearly,











                                                             
5363

         1       would probably be the one primarily responsible;

         2       where, I suppose, if the ophthalmologist didn't

         3       act -- or didn't act in compliance, then there

         4       could be some question as far as the

         5       ophthalmology but primarily the optometrists

         6       would take the heavy risk as long as he or she

         7       would comply with the consulting but didn't

         8       properly do it, then that person would, under

         9       the rules of -- common rules of evidence and so

        10       forth, I suppose, would be primarily

        11       responsible.

        12                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Again,

        13       through you, Mr. President, if Senator Volker

        14       will continue to yield.

        15                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        16       Volker, do you continue to yield?

        17                      The Senator continues to yield.

        18                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Does this

        19       bill, in any way, deal with the issue of a claim

        20       against an optometrist and the coverage through

        21       the excess medical liability coverage that we

        22       now have in place for physicians?  At least it's

        23       my understanding it's for physicians.  In a











                                                             
5364

         1       claim against an optometrist, would the victim

         2       of malpractice have access to the medical

         3       liability umbrella that we now put in place for

         4       physicians?

         5                      SENATOR VOLKER:  I think the

         6       answer to that is, probably no, because they are

         7       not a physician and, therefore, they wouldn't

         8       technically be -- that wouldn't be applicable to

         9       them.

        10                      Of course, they have their own

        11       coverages and the coverages of optometry now, as

        12       I understand it, is not as extensive because

        13       they don't do the kind of invasive type of thing

        14       that a medical physician would do.  Keep in mind

        15       that despite the fact that we are expanding the

        16       practice of optometry here, we are not expanding

        17       it to anywhere near what an ophthalmologist

        18       could or would do.  We are not, for instance,

        19       doing the kind of invasive type of thing that an

        20       ophthalmologist does now.  This is very

        21       limited.

        22                      I have been told that there are

        23       some states in the Union, by the way, that go











                                                             
5365

         1       considerably beyond what we are proposing to do

         2       here in allowing optometrists to practice.

         3                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Just, again,

         4       through you, Mr. President.

         5                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         6       Volker, do you continue to yield?

         7                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Sure.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         9       continues to yield.

        10                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Is my

        11       understanding correct, that if there were a

        12       claim brought against an optometrist who was a

        13       co-manager under the system that we have, and it

        14       was determined that the optometrist was liable

        15       for loss of sight, which is -- as I think

        16       everybody recognizes, is a significant

        17       compensable injury, that the victim would not

        18       have access to the excess coverage that we now

        19       have available for physicians, and that the

        20       purpose of that pool is to both shield the risk

        21       from individual physicians and to pool the

        22       insurance so that we have funds available for

        23       those kinds of judgments?











                                                             
5366

         1                      Is my understanding that the

         2       optometrists would not have access to that and

         3       they would only be relying on the primary

         4       coverage?

         5                      SENATOR VOLKER:  I think that's

         6       true.  But, of course, remember that it is

         7       excess to start with and that the medical -- a

         8       physician has his own primary coverage to start

         9       with, that the excess coverage is in additional

        10       to their regular coverage, so that the

        11       optometrist clearly would have his or her own

        12       coverage; and, presumably, one of the things

        13       that will happen here -- as the scope of risk

        14       increases, they will probably have to have

        15       increasing coverage, it is true.  But, again, I

        16       say not to the same extent as a physician would

        17       because an optometrist would not be allowed to

        18       do the kind of invasive treatment and so forth

        19       that an ophthalmologist would.

        20                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Again,

        21       through you, Mr. President.  One thing that this

        22       bill does do, however, is it increases the role

        23       of the optometrist as a diagnostician, and that











                                                             
5367

         1       is in the sense of his ability to diagnose and

         2       to treat ailments that can progressively lead

         3       from one form of disease rapidly to another, at

         4       least as I understand the physiology of the eye.

         5                      SENATOR VOLKER:  It doesn't

         6       really increase it that much.  They're doing it

         7       right now.  What happens now is, if an

         8       optometrist looks at somebody's eye and makes a

         9       determination that that person, for instance,

        10       has glaucoma, or whatever, he refers him to an

        11       ophthalmologist; and, in fact, what would happen

        12       here is now -- and this is at the request, in

        13       fact, of the ophthalmological people.  You have

        14       the consultation that goes on here; and

        15       presumably, in severe cases, you would still

        16       have to reference to an ophthalmologist because

        17       there are many things that an optometrist still

        18       will not be able to do, and one of the things

        19       that this bill will do, by the way, is do

        20       something -- and I think it may be extremely

        21       important in the medical field in this area; and

        22       that is, develop a much better relationship -

        23       although the relationship has been much better











                                                             
5368

         1       than I think people realize, between

         2       optometrists and ophthalmologists.

         3                      For instance, I don't believe I

         4       have ever been to an ophthalmologist.  I think

         5       my entire history has been to optometrists,

         6       which I think most of us don't realize because,

         7       fortunately, I don't believe I have ever had any

         8       disease or anything.  I just had examinations

         9       and so forth, because most of the examinations

        10       that are done in this state, as I say, are done

        11       by optometrists themselves; and it's only when

        12       there is an indication of some disease or

        13       something of that nature that ophthalmologists

        14       come into play.

        15                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Again,

        16       through you, Mr. President.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        18       Volker, do you continue to yield?

        19                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Sure.

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        21       yields.

        22                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  That really

        23       highlights my concern is that under this bill











                                                             
5369

         1       the optometrist becomes not only the first stop

         2       in detection, which as, I agree with you, under

         3       the current practice optometry may be, but it

         4       also becomes the first stop in the treatment

         5       process because they will have treatment

         6       abilities for certain types of diseases, which

         7       if untreated or improperly treated could lead to

         8       more severe consequences.

         9                      That's my concern in this bill,

        10       is the effect of creating this first level of

        11       treatment for optometry, especially when -- at

        12       least from what I understand about the diseases

        13       of the eyes is that they are often progressive

        14       in nature.  What starts out as X Y Z ends up

        15       moving, if improperly treated, to something else

        16       with relative rapidity.

        17                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Yes, it was

        18       pointed out to me that the -- that the treatment

        19       is limited to three basic types of drugs, beta

        20       blockers, alpha agonists and direct acting

        21       chlorogenic agents.  The reason for that is -

        22       and that was one of the things that the

        23       ophthalmologists wanted was to keep the











                                                             
5370

         1       treatment -- whatever treatment was going to be

         2       made by the optometrists would be in a very

         3       limited vein, so that anything after that would

         4       clearly go and would be referred to the

         5       ophthalmologists; and, remember, that these

         6       would be done in consultation with the

         7       ophthalmologists to start with, initially, and

         8       that you have all sorts of training that ensues,

         9       and so forth, to increase the ability of these

        10       people to deal with these kinds of things.

        11                      But I think the answer is, I

        12       think you should understand this, that nothing

        13       in this bill is going to give optometrists

        14       unfettered ability to make decisions as far as

        15       treatment to any massive extent.  That still is

        16       going to be in the hands of ophthalmologists

        17       even after this bill passes, consultation or

        18       not.  The prime responsibilities for disease

        19       control and for treatment is still going to be

        20       in the hands of ophthalmologists.

        21                      I believe Senator DiCarlo -

        22                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        23       Dollinger, please excuse the interruption.











                                                             
5371

         1                      Chair recognizes the Acting

         2       Majority Leader, Senator DiCarlo.

         3                      SENATOR DiCARLO:  Thank you, Mr.

         4       President.  There will be an immediate meeting

         5       of the Environmental Conservation Committee in

         6       Room 123, and any members on that committee who

         7       wish to vote now, please let us know.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  There

         9       will be an immediate meeting of the

        10       Environmental Conservation Committee in Room

        11       123, immediate meeting.

        12                      Chair recognizes Senator Tully.

        13       Do you wish to vote?

        14                      SENATOR TULLY:  Yes, Mr.

        15       President.

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        17       will read the last section.

        18                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 6.  This

        19       act shall take effect on the 120th day.

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        21       roll.

        22                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        23                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator











                                                             
5372

         1       Tully, how do you vote?

         2                      SENATOR TULLY:  No.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         4       Tully in the negative.

         5                      Senator Farley, how do you vote?

         6                      SENATOR FARLEY:  No.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         8       Farley in the negative.

         9                      Senator Leichter, how do you

        10       vote?

        11                      SENATOR LEICHTER:  Yes.

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        13       Leichter in the affirmative.

        14                      Senator Stachowski, how do you

        15       vote?

        16                      SENATOR STACHOWSKI:  Yes.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        18       Stachowski in the affirmative.

        19                      Senator Sears, how do you vote?

        20                      SENATOR SEARS:  Yes.

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        22       Sears in the affirmative.

        23                      Senator Hoblock, how do you











                                                             
5373

         1       vote?

         2                      SENATOR HOBLOCK:  No.

         3                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         4       Hoblock in the negative.

         5                      Senator Goodman, how do you

         6       vote?

         7                      SENATOR GOODMAN:  No.

         8                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         9       Goodman in the negative.

        10                      Senator DeFrancisco, how do you

        11       vote?

        12                      SENATOR DeFRANCISCO:  Negative.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        14       DeFrancisco in the negative.

        15                      Senator Oppenheimer, how do you

        16       vote?

        17                      SENATOR OPPENHEIMER:  No.

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        19       Oppenheimer in the negative.

        20                      Any other committee members on

        21       that wishing to vote?

        22                      (There was no response.)

        23                      Roll call is withdrawn.  Debate











                                                             
5374

         1       is resumed.

         2                      Chair recognizes Senator

         3       Dollinger.

         4                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Again, with

         5       Senator Volker's continuing indulgence, just one

         6       last line of questions.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         8       Volker, do you continue to yield?

         9                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Sure.

        10                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        11       yields.

        12                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Senator, as I

        13       understand it, the effect of this bill will be

        14       to create, in essence, four categories of

        15       optometrists:  Those who are bound by current

        16       law, who have the options available under

        17       current law; those who are diagnostic

        18       optometrists who have some access to drugs and

        19       drug therapy; therapeutic optometrists who will

        20       deal with a more expanded scope; and then those

        21       that have the glaucoma powers.  This bill

        22       establishes a series of additional training for

        23       those who participate or qualify for those











                                                             
5375

         1       additional responsibilities.

         2                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Additional hours

         3       eventually.

         4                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  Additional

         5       hours of training.

         6                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Right.

         7                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  My question

         8       is, what procedure is set up under this bill to

         9       notify the consumer of the varying levels of

        10       expertise that will now be available for these

        11       various optometrists?

        12                      SENATOR VOLKER:  First of all,

        13       there is in the bill when the optometrist is

        14       initially enabled to practice, and so forth,

        15       under the new rules, there is a -- in the bill,

        16       it speaks of posting on the wall a notice that

        17       tells exactly what the scope of the optometrist

        18       is; and, for instance, when the optometrist is

        19       in the second phase and dealing with the co

        20       management or consultation with the

        21       ophthalmologist, that that notice must be placed

        22       for anyone to see to make sure that there is an

        23       understanding by anyone that is treated by that











                                                             
5376

         1       person as to exactly what the scope of that

         2       optometrist is; and the idea of that is to make

         3       it clear as to exactly how this person -- what

         4       this person's scope is; and then at the end of

         5       the process, there is also a notice where the

         6       optometrist will be able then to notify his

         7       clients that he has been certified -- he or she

         8       has been certified to exactly what their scope

         9       of authority is, and so forth.

        10                      So there is an attempt in the

        11       bill -- and by the way, there is -- there is a

        12       continuing process that goes on, a committee

        13       that is set up as a continuing education

        14       process, not only to review what is occurring as

        15       time goes on, also there is a course of a

        16       committee set up for certification and things of

        17       that nature with two optometrists and two

        18       ophthalmologists on it and a third person that

        19       is set up for a review committee, person

        20       appointed by the SUNY Chancellor through the

        21       Education Department, to certify people.  But

        22       all that is going to be noticed to the public,

        23       and the optometrist has to clearly notify his











                                                             
5377

         1       patients as to what his authority is.

         2                      Just one more thing, Senator

         3       LaValle noted to me that on page 4, Section 8,

         4       on the notice to the patient, it lists a

         5       detailed area which the medical society

         6       requested, a series of language options that the

         7       medical society requested to make it very clear

         8       as to what the scope and authority of an

         9       optometrist is, and that's Section 8, from lines

        10       3 through line 24.

        11                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  On the bill,

        12       Mr. President.

        13                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        14       Dollinger on the bill.

        15                      SENATOR DOLLINGER:  I thank

        16       Senator Volker for continuing my enlightenment

        17       through this process.  I think I have been

        18       talked to by just about every ophthalmologist in

        19       Rochester and by every optometrist in Rochester

        20       about this bill and what it means.

        21                      But I think, as my questions to

        22       Senator Volker indicate, I am concerned about a

        23       number of things in this bill.  One is the issue











                                                             
5378

         1       of liability and access to liability insurance.

         2                      I know that one of the reasons

         3       why -- at least it's my understanding -

         4       optometry is a less expensive form of diagnosis

         5       and treatment for some illnesses of the eye is

         6       because, frankly, they are not carrying the

         7       liability exposure that physicians carry.

         8                      In addition, I'm fearful that if

         9       there were claims against optometrists under

        10       this bill, that they wouldn't have access to the

        11       medical liability coverage that we now provide

        12       for physicians as excess coverage in the event

        13       that there's significant judgments.

        14                      I note that that system is in

        15       place as a way to shield physicians from

        16       significant increases in their malpractice

        17       policy, but I would like to think that consumers

        18       who are perhaps unfortunately victimized, if

        19       they would be -- by malpractice by optometrists,

        20       would have access to the same availability of

        21       funds.

        22                      I think optometry may also find

        23       that once it gets in the business of providing











                                                             
5379

         1       these kinds of treatments that its malpractice

         2       premiums significantly expands and the cost

         3       savings that optometry might have experienced

         4       will no longer be present because they will have

         5       to pick up large increases in malpractice

         6       insurance.

         7                      In addition, Senator Volker

         8       pointed out at one point in response to my

         9       question that the person who continues to bear

        10       primary responsibility is the ophthalmologist,

        11       and my concern is that the ophthalmologists will

        12       only bear responsibility in instances in which

        13       the optometrist may have already begun

        14       treatment; and if there are conflicts between

        15       the ophthalmologist and the optometrist about

        16       the course of treatment or professional

        17       judgments made by the ophthalmologist that the

        18       treatment was inappropriate, we may have a very

        19       serious apportionment problem in the liability

        20       of malpractice claims brought by those who are

        21       victimized, and I think, as we all know, the

        22       danger in optometry and in ophthalmology is you

        23       are dealing with sight.  It's, frankly,











                                                             
5380

         1       something that, if you were to lose your sight,

         2       I am fearful of significant judgments.

         3                      The final question that I am

         4       concerned about is the classes of optometry and

         5       how that system is going to work.  I understand

         6       that there has been a lot of effort put into

         7       it.  For myself, in dealing with scope of

         8       practice issues, I agree, they are the most

         9       difficult ones possible, because I am not an

        10       ophthalmologist.  I'm not a physician.  I don't

        11       have really any good information that I have in

        12       my own personal experience about how to treat

        13       eye disease, about how to treat problems whether

        14       they be minor or major problems.

        15                      I do know that the physiology of

        16       the eye is such that untreated or improperly

        17       treated problems in the eye can cause very, very

        18       significant consequences, and I sometimes

        19       wonder, when we are called on to make these

        20       scope of practice determinations.  I don't know

        21       that there is a right answer.  I appreciate

        22       those who have been working to try to get to

        23       that right answer or whatever it may be.











                                                             
5381

         1                      But at least on this one I'm

         2       convinced that the training that an

         3       ophthalmologist gets gives them a particular

         4       expertise that in dealing with eye treatments we

         5       ought to continue to respect.

         6                      I know that 12 states agree with

         7       New York and prohibit any of the uses that are

         8       contained in this bill.  I think still there is

         9       value in that.  I think that as technology

        10       expands, as we get further down the road, we

        11       might be in a position three years, five years

        12       from now, where we would look at this issue

        13       again.

        14                      But at least at this stage, based

        15       on the liability problems, the apportionment

        16       problems, the prime responsibilities still rest

        17       with an ophthalmologist.  He is going to be held

        18       liable for the primary care and the treating,

        19       and yet he may run into problems in dealing with

        20       the optometrist and the treatment in the course

        21       of the treatment.

        22                      I still think that the thing to

        23       do in this particular case is to say that we











                                                             
5382

         1       will continue to allow ophthalmologists to

         2       provide the care and treatment for the eyes that

         3       they have been trained to do.

         4                      So under those circumstances, I

         5       will be voting in the negative.

         6                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Chair

         7       recognizes Senator LaValle.

         8                      SENATOR LAVALLE:  Thank you, Mr.

         9       President.

        10                      As Senator Volker indicated, this

        11       house last year passed this bill I would say

        12       overwhelmingly, and the bill for really

        13       technical reasons at the end of the legislative

        14       session got caught up in a little administrative

        15       detail like a message of necessity, or else this

        16       bill would have been on the Governor's desk and

        17       the final result, I don't know what would have

        18       happened.  I presume that the Governor would

        19       have signed the bill.

        20                      I would first like to start by

        21       thanking as I did last year the Committee on

        22       Higher Education that has been really terrific

        23       on matters of scope of practice issues.  Many











                                                             
5383

         1       cases, there's a willingness to duck these

         2       issues because they are very complex and they

         3       deal with, very honestly, economics, many times

         4       shifting dollars from one profession to another,

         5       and so the committee last year developed a very

         6       innovative procedure in bringing to Albany and

         7       putting at the table those individuals who are

         8       out in the marketplace dealing with patients,

         9       and that is optometrists and ophthalmologists,

        10       and it goes to Senator Dollinger's point that we

        11       many times -- most times -- do not have the

        12       expertise to deal with these matters, and so we

        13       really were facilitators at the table to resolve

        14       problems between the two professions, but in

        15       every instance, we honored the expertise that

        16       was brought to that table by the professions.

        17                      After a very, very long and

        18       arduous set of negotiations, both the

        19       optometrists and the ophthalmologists agreed

        20       that this was in the best interest of their

        21       projections.  As Senator Volker said and as we

        22       all know, practically, associations and groups

        23       can support a bill but there will always be











                                                             
5384

         1       individuals who will have a disparate view on

         2       that bill and that certainly was the case last

         3       year and I think that is what has really driven

         4       some of the debate this year.

         5                      Senator Dollinger, in listening

         6       to the exchange that you and Senator Volker had,

         7       I would simply say this.  There are many things

         8       that Senator Volker read into the record on the

         9       patient notice.  That language was put in very

        10       specifically at the request of the medical

        11       society, and there were other provisions,

        12       whether it be standard of care or a very, very

        13       restrictive and lockstep procedure on how you

        14       get to treat a patient with glaucoma; and even

        15       there, the field is narrowed to a set of drugs.

        16                      And so as we know, you can't have

        17       both a sword and a shield at the same time in

        18       terms of language.  You can't say I want this

        19       and then hide behind it and say, well, there is

        20       possible litigation when you developed specific

        21       standards of care, developed the educational

        22       standards, the clinical standards, the

        23       continuing education standards.  All this was











                                                             
5385

         1       done in a give-and-take process.

         2                      This bill is not only the most

         3       innovative in the country, but it is also very,

         4       very restrictive.  Part of the problem in this

         5       debate is not the bill.  It is the innovative

         6       points that have been developed; and as Senator

         7       Volker said, the real issue here is not the

         8       issue between the ophthalmologists and the

         9       optometrists but it is for future issues and

        10       future debates and scope of practice.  That's

        11       what this debate in 1995 is all about.

        12                      We could not have listened to

        13       people who negotiated a bill in '94 and then

        14       listened in '95 and hear different things?  Were

        15       we deaf to these things that were being said?

        16       Were we blind to what was being negotiated?  The

        17       answer is "not."  Nor were the members who voted

        18       for this bill.  This bill did not change in the

        19       period from 1994 to 1995.

        20                      There are provisions here as

        21       Senator Volker issued that establish a review

        22       process to say we have to go slow in our

        23       deliberations here because we are moving in a











                                                             
5386

         1       very innovative way, even though we have

         2       established a lockstep procedure in moving from

         3       the use of Phase I drugs to Phase II drugs to

         4       the kind of training and the number of patients

         5       that you have to see in a clinical way of no

         6       less than 75 patients -- the written

         7       consultation.

         8                      I would say to you, Senator, that

         9       we all respect your legal skills, but I would

        10       say that, you know, in terms of the consultation

        11       agreement, doesn't that contractual agreement

        12       establish some sort of duty of care for the

        13       parties?  We have locked in the standard of

        14       care, the level that we expect each person to

        15       perform in that relationship, and so there will

        16       always be issues to be argued in the courts for

        17       those people who feel they've been harmed, but I

        18       think that's outside of what this bill is all

        19       about.

        20                      This bill is a scope of practice

        21       bill.  This bill is not a malpractice bill.

        22       This bill deals with trying to provide some very

        23       innovative things in broadening the level of











                                                             
5387

         1       care for our patients.

         2                      I remember last year Senator

         3       Markowitz brought to the floor, as he does, in a

         4       very spirited way, what does this mean for his

         5       constituents?  This means that for his

         6       constituents there will be more opportunities to

         7       diagnose eye problems, and it provides a very

         8       specific lockstep procedure on how that patient

         9       can get the best care should there be a

        10       complicated situation.

        11                      This body, this Legislature, put

        12       into law the fact that optometrists could use

        13       topical drugs for diagnostic purposes.  We

        14       debated that very, very arduously, but it has

        15       worked over these many, many years, and so we

        16       say now we're ready for an additional step.

        17                      The work that Senator Volker has

        18       done on this bill is exemplary.  I think that

        19       the people who had confidence in this bill, in

        20       this language, in 1994 should have the same

        21       level of confidence.  Nothing has changed.  The

        22       words have not changed.  The negotiations that

        23       took place between the experts, the optometrists











                                                             
5388

         1       and the ophthalmologists are the same

         2       negotiations and the same words in this bill.

         3                      So I would hope that the people

         4       who supported this bill in 1994 will stay the

         5       course because you were right in '94 and I think

         6       you will be right in 1995.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         8       Kruger.

         9                      SENATOR KRUGER:  Yes, will

        10       Senator Volker yield to a question?

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        12       Volker, do you yield to a question?

        13                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Sure.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        15       yields.

        16                      SENATOR KRUGER:  Senator Volker,

        17       it's a well-documented fact that both the

        18       therapeutic as well the diagnostic drugs that

        19       are used by the optometrists can and could have

        20       an acute adverse effect on the patient.  What

        21       mechanism has been built in to deal with

        22       problems like tachycardia, possible asthmatic

        23       attack, mental status changes, that are











                                                             
5389

         1       associated with the use of some of these drugs?

         2                      SENATOR VOLKER:  What method is

         3       -- well, first of all, remember, that the

         4       second phase of the bill, which I think is -

         5       and there really isn't good documentation as to

         6       extreme problems in the initial phase, the

         7       optical phase -- and, by the way, there is a

         8       nationwide experience on this that has shown

         9       that there have been comparatively few problems

        10       resulting from this type of limited, extremely

        11       limited treatment.

        12                      But in the therapeutic side,

        13       which is the second side, one reason why the

        14       decision was made to use the collaborative -

        15       the collaborative association with an

        16       ophthalmologist -- let me also point out to you,

        17       Senator, that the training of an optometrist is

        18       very extensive.  I think that it should be

        19       understood that those that graduate from the

        20       school of optometry have four years of post

        21       graduate training and have treatment or have

        22       education in how to deal with some of the very

        23       problems that in fact you are talking about,











                                                             
5390

         1       very, very similar to what medical people have

         2       to deal with; and so should there be any

         3       untoward problems that they are advised -- that

         4       they are advised, and they do learn about the

         5       possibility of how to deal with that stuff on an

         6       initial basis.

         7                      Clearly, they would then be

         8       referred to a primary physician if there were

         9       any such problems; and as they point out within

        10       the bill, there is language in the bill that

        11       talks about the need to refer those people

        12       within five days, obviously, to an

        13       ophthalmologist; and keep in mind that during

        14       the period of the therapeutic treatment, you

        15       have these limited -- the consultation and the

        16       limited observation and so forth.

        17                      In addition to that, as part of

        18       this bill, we have the continued training

        19       occurring which will deal with -- continually

        20       deal with some of those issues as the

        21       optometrist gets into these issues which, you

        22       know, could result in a potential for more

        23       serious situations.











                                                             
5391

         1                      I just want to while -- and in

         2       response to you, because I think it's

         3       important.  I received a letter in September of

         4       1992 from the vice-president of the Great

         5       American Insurance Company, and he said, "For

         6       years, we have monitored the experience in

         7       therapeutic states versus nontherapeutic

         8       states.  Our data indicates that there are not

         9       significant differences in the number and

        10       severity of claims between therapeutic and non

        11       therapeutic states."

        12                      The reason I mentioned that is

        13       there have been states that have had therapeutic

        14       treatment for many, many, many years; and, of

        15       course, Senator, as you may be aware, our first

        16       bill that passed this house and became law,

        17       sponsored by Senator Kehoe that dealt with the

        18       use of diagnostic drugs, was in 1983, and it has

        19       been, you know, on the books of New York since

        20       then, and the experience as far as anyone knows

        21       and even the ophthalmologists admit has been

        22       very, very good, and we have not had, to the

        23       knowledge of virtually anyone, any severe











                                                             
5392

         1       problems.

         2                      We have had some certain

         3       ophthalmologists who have come up with some

         4       stories about problems with optometrists much of

         5       which seems to be turf fighting more than

         6       anything else, and that I think is part of the

         7       problem here, so I think the answer to your

         8       question is that there are a lot of -- not only

         9       built into this bill but I think built in the

        10       body of law already, what must be done should

        11       anything of untoward nature happen.

        12                      SENATOR KRUGER:  Again through

        13       Mr. President.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        15       Volker, do you continue to yield?

        16                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Sure.

        17                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        18       yields.

        19                      SENATOR KRUGER:  Senator Volker,

        20       on a hypothetical level, a patient comes into an

        21       optometrist.  The optometrist wants to perform

        22       certain diagnostic procedures using these drugs

        23       that we're talking about today.  That











                                                             
5393

         1       individual, that patient, has an adverse

         2       reaction to any of those drugs.  If that same

         3       patient was in the office of an ophthalmologist,

         4       that ophthalmologist would obviously have life

         5       saving drugs.  He would also be able to

         6       counteract some of the effects of the drugs that

         7       were being used.  He would also be able to

         8       resuscitate a patient if need be.  Where on the

         9       other side of the coin, an optometrist's scope

        10       of practice is very limited.  His ability to use

        11       any resuscitation or any other drugs is

        12       nonexistent.  What would happen in that kind of

        13       a circumstance?

        14                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Senator, I can't

        15       think of an indication.  We have not heard of

        16       any such situation where an optometrist because

        17       of the -- because of his observation, has been

        18       in that kind of a situation, and I think the

        19       ophthalmologists would probably be in a very

        20       similar situation to what an optometrist would

        21       be; and that is, would probably be consulting -

        22       if he got an adverse reaction, would probably be

        23       consulting a hospital or whatever to take that











                                                             
5394

         1       person there and to provide further treatment.

         2                      I think what you are saying to me

         3       is if somebody has an adverse reaction, would he

         4       be able to get further medical treatment, and

         5       the answer is the ophthalmologist might not be

         6       able to give him that further medical treatment

         7       immediately either and would have to consult a

         8       hospital or whatever to take that person because

         9       he would not be able to deal necessarily with

        10       every emergency.

        11                      The optometrist, I think, is

        12       educated to then refer that person or get

        13       immediate help for that person just, I think, as

        14       an ophthalmologist would.  I don't think the

        15       ophthalmologists necessarily would be able to

        16       deal with the absolute emergency any more than

        17       an optometrist would.

        18                      SENATOR KRUGER:  On the bill, Mr.

        19       President.

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        21       Kruger on the bill.

        22                      SENATOR KRUGER:  Mr. President.

        23       Everyone seems to be raising the issues that











                                                             
5395

         1       have been discussed many, many times concerning

         2       this particular piece of legislation.  If we

         3       look at the current status of it, the Medical

         4       Society of the State of New York is opposed to

         5       this bill that is in front of us today.

         6                      Secondly, when we want to raise

         7       issue with the question of standard of care, an

         8       individual, a consumer, a patient, that is

         9       coming to an optometrist is coming to an

        10       optometrist, theoretically, for a cursory eye

        11       examination and perhaps being fitted for

        12       glasses.

        13                      We do now approach the question

        14       of glaucoma with mass screening tests, which is

        15       basically nothing more than a puff of air to

        16       determine whether or not there is a measurable

        17       difference and, consequently, the person would

        18       be referred to an ophthalmologist for further

        19       examination and treatment.

        20                      There is a question now, not the

        21       question of turf, but the question of what is

        22       appropriate care for a patient to get when

        23       they're visiting that particular physician.  We











                                                             
5396

         1       wouldn't go to a podiatrist if we had a broken

         2       leg.  The same way is we shouldn't go to an

         3       optometrist if there is an eye problem.  An eye

         4       disease should be treated by a doctor, a doctor

         5       that has premed, a doctor that has gone to

         6       medical school, a doctor that has a fellowship

         7       in ophthalmology, and a doctor that hopefully is

         8       board certified in ophthalmology.

         9                      Today, we have an opportunity to

        10       raise issue with, when we talk about managed

        11       care, the direction that health care will take

        12       in the future, because what we're doing is we're

        13       opening up a door; and we're opening up a door

        14       to what I call paramedicine, whether it's a

        15       paralegal that is going to take more and more

        16       workload off of an attorney or whether it's

        17       another health care professional that is going

        18       to take an additional workload and additional

        19       patient care away from the person that is most

        20       trained to handled that particular medical

        21       problem, in this case, a licensed physician, an

        22       ophthalmologist.

        23                      I think this is a bad bill.  It











                                                             
5397

         1       is a bad bill for a lot of reasons; but, most

         2       importantly, I think it's a bad bill because

         3       we're not addressing one issue and one issue

         4       only, the question of quality of care and scope

         5       of care; and I think that the Medical Society of

         6       the State of New York has made a very persuasive

         7       argument that the question should be revisited

         8       and we should not in any way support this

         9       legislation today.

        10                      Thank you.

        11                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The

        12       Secretary will read the last section.

        13                      Excuse me.  Senator Volker.

        14                      SENATOR VOLKER:  Mr. President.

        15       Let me just finish up by saying very quickly -

        16                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        17       Volker to close.

        18                      SENATOR VOLKER:  I understand the

        19       concern and I think Senator LaValle, I think,

        20       put it much better than I would really be able

        21       to have been able to put it; and that is, that

        22       this is an historic bill, although historic as

        23       it may be, it is not as if this is something











                                                             
5398

         1       altogether new; and when you start talking about

         2       treatment of eyes or examinations, it's

         3       something that has been done in this state since

         4       1983.

         5                      And I think that -- I guess in

         6       response to Senator Kruger, let me tell you,

         7       Senator, the education that is done today of

         8       optometrists is altogether different from what

         9       was done some years ago.  An optometrist in the

        10       college of optometry, particularly in this

        11       state, which is considered one of the 12 major

        12       optometry colleges in the country, gets

        13       basically the same kind of training that an

        14       ophthalmologist gets.  Maybe not on the same

        15       detail, but on the other hand the scope of

        16       authority that is given even by this bill is

        17       much, much more limited.

        18                      The experience in states that

        19       have had even broader bills than this one has

        20       been that the kind of problems that you are

        21       describing just have not occurred or have

        22       occurred in extremely limited fashion.  The

        23       truth is that what this bill will do is to











                                                             
5399

         1       expand the ability of people in many areas of

         2       this state to get further and, in many cases,

         3       better treatment not because the optometrists

         4       can necessarily give totally better treatment

         5       than the ophthalmologists but the

         6       ophthalmologist is not available.  Certainly

         7       will cause the cost of health care in this area

         8       to decrease because a lot of the treatment that

         9       is being done by ophthalmologists, I think many

        10       who are familiar with the field would agree, is

        11       not necessarily necessary.

        12                      Let me just quote to you, and I

        13       hesitate to do this, because ophthalmologists

        14       get upset when this is done, but it's a fact of

        15       what happened last year.  The president of the

        16       ophthalmological society said after this bill

        17       was agreed to and he had said grudgingly because

        18       of turf problems and so forth that he was

        19       reluctant, but he admitted that this bill was

        20       the most innovative and restrictive bill in the

        21       country; and despite the fact that he knew some

        22       of his members had problems, he had to admit

        23       that this bill was a move in the right











                                                             
5400

         1       direction, depending I guess on your perspective

         2       and especially I think because of something, as

         3       I said, you should understand, that two out of

         4       three examinations that are made in this state

         5       of eyes are made by optometrists anyway, and we

         6       have to move to deal with those kind of issues,

         7       otherwise we may in the long run be creating

         8       greater problems for ourselves.

         9                      Let me just read to you -- a note

        10       was handed to me here.  I was just about to read

        11       to you something which -- a statement from the

        12       Health Department.  Now, this Health Department

        13       under the present governor has not yet taken a

        14       position, but the Health Department under the

        15       past Commissioner, Axelrod, stated, "This

        16       legislation will encourage and facilitate

        17       greater access to health care of services while

        18       insuring the quality of services provided by

        19       health care providers.  We believe this

        20       legislation will promote better access to vision

        21       care services in New York State, including among

        22       segments of our population which have been

        23       historically underserved and in underserved











                                                             
5401

         1       geographic areas.  This legislation may also

         2       reduce or limit increase in the cost of vision

         3       care services provided by publicly financed

         4       health care programs for eye care for the

         5       beneficiaries of such programs."

         6                      I can give you some other

         7       statements, but I think that speaks for itself.

         8       I would not, in fact, sponsor or support

         9       legislation like this unless I truly believed

        10       that this legislation is in the best interest of

        11       the consumers of this state and of the health

        12       care of the people of this state.

        13                      Thank you.

        14                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

        15       will read the last section.

        16                      THE SECRETARY:  Section 6.  This

        17       act shall take effect on the 120th day.

        18                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Call the

        19       roll.

        20                      (The Secretary called the roll.)

        21                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Those in

        22       the negative please raise their hands.

        23                      The chair recognizes Senator











                                                             
5402

         1       Hoffmann to explain her vote.

         2                      SENATOR HOFFMANN:  Thank you, Mr.

         3       President.

         4                      I listened with great interest to

         5       what Senator Volker said and, as always, it is a

         6       very thoughtful and well-researched issue as he

         7       presented it, but I have in my hands a copy of a

         8       letter from the chairman of the Department of

         9       Ophthalmology at the State University of New

        10       York Health Science Center in Syracuse in which

        11       he restates his position and that of the

        12       department in opposition to this bill, and I

        13       will just recap one brief element of this letter

        14       in which he states -- this is Dr. John A. Hepner

        15        -- states that allowing nonphysicians to

        16       practice medicine seriously compromises the

        17       quality of medical eye care in New York State

        18       and unnecessarily poses a potential significant

        19       threat to public safety.

        20                      I did listen to the list of drugs

        21       that would be allowed to be prescribed by non

        22       physicians under this measure, if passed, and it

        23       causes me great concern, and I will, therefore,











                                                             
5403

         1       respect the wishes of Dr. Hepner and the

         2       Department of Ophthalmology, once again, and I

         3       will cast my vote in the negative.

         4                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

         5       Hoffmann in the negative.

         6                      Senator Jones to explain her

         7       vote.

         8                      SENATOR JONES:  Yes.  I would

         9       just like to explain that Senator LaValle said

        10       something about somebody being blind and deaf.

        11       I am willing to admit that I was last year.  I

        12       was of the opinion that it was agreed upon, and

        13       yet that's not the information I am getting this

        14       year.  My concerns, and I've listened to both

        15       sides of this debate -- but my concerns continue

        16       to be -- Senator Dollinger asked about how I

        17       would know as a consumer when I go to the

        18       optometrist whether or not they were Phase I or

        19       Phase II.  I guess I am uncomfortable that a

        20       sign on the wall is going to be enough.

        21                      I'm also concerned that no one

        22       brought up today the issue of HMOs.  I guess I

        23       feel as we're clearly headed more and more to











                                                             
5404

         1       that system, I guess the referral process in

         2       here is a concern to me.  We would now have a

         3       nonphysician in charge of this referral; and,

         4       currently, you go to your family doctor that is

         5       a doctor, and he is the one who says you need a

         6       specialist.  I'm concerned how this would play

         7       out under an HMO system.

         8                      I did contact the current

         9       Commissioner of Health because, again, I admit

        10       I'm not a medical person, and I don't have that

        11       kind of expertise, so I did put it in writing to

        12       the Commissioner of Health and ask for her

        13       opinion on this particular bill; and as you

        14       indicated, she has not, obviously, come up with

        15       a position yet.

        16                      So with the information that I

        17       have this year, I definitely do not feel

        18       comfortable supporting this bill, so I'm going

        19       to be voting in the negative.

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Senator

        21       Jones in the negative.

        22                      Announce the results.

        23                      THE SECRETARY:  Those recorded in











                                                             
5405

         1       the negative on Calendar Number 103 are Senators

         2       Babbush, Cook, DeFrancisco, Dollinger, Farley,

         3       Goodman, Hoblock, Hoffmann, Jones, Kruger, Levy,

         4       Marcellino, Maziarz, Nozzolio, Oppenheimer,

         5       Padavan, Present, Saland, Skelos, Stafford and

         6       Senator Tully.  Ayes 37.  Nays 21.

         7                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  The bill

         8       is passed.

         9                      Chair recognizes Senator Skelos.

        10                      SENATOR SKELOS:  Yes, Mr.

        11       President.  There will be an immediate meeting

        12       of the Crime Victims Committee in Room 332

        13       followed by a Transportation Committee meeting

        14       in Room 332; and a reminder that the Education

        15       Committee will meet at 1:00 o'clock in Room

        16       124.  Energy Committee will meet 1:00 o'clock in

        17       Room 307 of the LOB.

        18                      Mr. President.  Could you

        19       recognize Senator Montgomery.

        20                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  For those

        21       listening, there will be an immediate meeting of

        22       the Crime and Corrections in Room 332 to be

        23       immediately followed by the Transportation











                                                             
5406

         1       Committee in the same room, 332.  There will be

         2       an Energy Committee meeting at 1:00 o'clock in

         3       Room 307 of the Legislative Office Building, and

         4       there will be an Education Committee meeting in

         5       Room 124 of the Capitol.

         6                      Chair recognizes Senator

         7       Paterson.

         8                      Excuse me.  Senator Montgomery.

         9                      SENATOR MONTGOMERY:  Thank you.

        10       Mr. President, I would like unanimous consent to

        11       be recorded in the negative on Calendar 367.

        12                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Without

        13       objection, Senator Montgomery will be recorded

        14       in the negative on Calendar Number 367.

        15                      Senator Johnson.

        16                      SENATOR JOHNSON:  Without

        17       objection, I ask to cast my vote in the negative

        18       on Calendar Number 303.

        19                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Without

        20       objection, Senator Johnson will be recorded in

        21       the negative on Calendar Number 303.

        22                      Senator Skelos.

        23                      SENATOR SKELOS:  Mr. President.











                                                             
5407

         1       Is there any other housekeeping at the desk?

         2                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Secretary

         3       informs me that all the housekeeping has been

         4       taken care of, Senator Skelos.

         5                      SENATOR SKELOS:  Therefore, there

         6       being no further business, I move we adjourn

         7       until Wednesday, May 3, 1995, at 10:00 a.m.

         8       sharp.

         9                      ACTING PRESIDENT KUHL:  Without

        10       objection, the Senate stands adjourned until

        11       tomorrow, Wednesday, May 3, at 10:00 -- I

        12       repeat, 10:00 a.m.

        13                      (Whereupon, at 12:40 p.m., Senate

        14       adjourned.)

        15

        16

        17

        18

        19