Regular Session - April 28, 2026

                                                                   3769

 1                NEW YORK STATE SENATE

 2                          

 3                          

 4               THE STENOGRAPHIC RECORD

 5                          

 6                          

 7                          

 8                          

 9                  ALBANY, NEW YORK

10                   April 28, 2026

11                      3:25 p.m.

12                          

13                          

14                   REGULAR SESSION

15  

16  

17  

18  SENATOR JAMAAL T. BAILEY, Acting President

19  ALEJANDRA N. PAULINO, ESQ., Secretary

20  

21  

22  

23  

24  

25  


                                                               3770

 1                P R O C E E D I N G S

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 3    Senate will come to order.  

 4                 I ask everyone present to please 

 5    rise and recite the Pledge of Allegiance.

 6                 (Whereupon, the assemblage recited 

 7    the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.) 

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   In the 

 9    absence of clergy, let us bow our heads in a 

10    moment of silent reflection or prayer.

11                 (Whereupon, the assemblage respected 

12    a moment of silence.)

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Reading 

14    of the Journal.

15                 THE SECRETARY:   In Senate, Monday, 

16    April 27, 2026, the Senate met pursuant to 

17    adjournment.  The Journal of Friday, April 24, 

18    2026, was read and approved.  On motion, the 

19    Senate adjourned.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Without 

21    objection, the Journal stands approved as read.

22                 Presentation of petitions.

23                 Messages from the Assembly.

24                 The Secretary will read.

25                 THE SECRETARY:   Senator Krueger 


                                                               3771

 1    moves to discharge, from the Committee on Codes, 

 2    Assembly Bill Number 2239 and substitute it for 

 3    the identical Senate Bill 2273, Third Reading 

 4    Calendar 797.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   So 

 6    ordered.

 7                 Messages from the Governor.

 8                 Reports of standing committees.

 9                 Reports of select committees.

10                 Communications and reports from 

11    state officers.

12                 Motions and resolutions.

13                 Senator Gianaris.

14                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Good afternoon, 

15    Mr. President.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Good 

17    afternoon.

18                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   On behalf of 

19    Senator Sanders, I wish to call up Senate Print 

20    Number 3180, recalled from the Assembly, which is 

21    now at the desk.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

23    Secretary will read.

24                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

25    490, Senate Print 3180, by Senator Sanders, an 


                                                               3772

 1    act to amend the Elder Law.

 2                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Move to 

 3    reconsider the vote by which the bill was passed.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 5    Secretary will call the roll on reconsideration.

 6                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 7                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 52.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

 9    is restored to its place on the Third Reading 

10    Calendar.

11                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I offer the 

12    following amendments.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

14    amendments are received.

15                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Amendments are 

16    also offered to the following Third Reading 

17    Calendar bills:

18                 By Senator Rivera, page 20, 

19    Calendar 590, Senate Print 614A; 

20                 By Senator Brisport, page 27, 

21    Calendar 727, Senate Print 8204. 

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

23    amendments are received on those bills, and they 

24    will retain their place on the Third Reading 

25    Calendar.


                                                               3773

 1                 Senator Gianaris.

 2                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I now move to 

 3    adopt the Resolution Calendar, with the exception 

 4    of Resolutions 1845, 1847, 1934, 1961, and 1981.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   All those 

 6    in favor of adopting the Resolution Calendar, 

 7    with the exception of Resolutions 1845, 1847, 

 8    1934, 1961, and 1981, please signify by saying 

 9    aye.

10                 (Response of "Aye.")

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Opposed, 

12    nay.

13                 (No response.)

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

15    Resolution Calendar is adopted.

16                 Senator Gianaris.  

17                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Please call on 

18    Senator Mayer for an introduction.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

20    Mayer for an introduction.  

21                 SENATOR MAYER:   Thank you, 

22    Mr. President.  

23                 I rise today to proudly introduce a 

24    terrific group of students from my district who 

25    came to Albany as part of the Voices Unfiltered 


                                                               3774

 1    policy program at the YWCA of White Plains and 

 2    Central Westchester.  

 3                 These students, if you saw their 

 4    work, if you came between the LOB and where 

 5    security is, you would see they shared their 

 6    research, their very substantive policy 

 7    proposals, and their advocacy campaigns with 

 8    legislators and staff.  

 9                 Hopefully you have had the 

10    opportunity to see their work today, but their 

11    projects tackle critical issues, including the 

12    number of unhoused students, housing 

13    affordability, and support for our immigrant 

14    neighbors.  

15                 I continue to be impressed by their 

16    creativity, their thoughtfulness, and their deep 

17    commitment to addressing the challenges facing 

18    all of our communities.

19                 Programs like this are so important 

20    because they empower young people to engage 

21    directly in the policymaking process and make 

22    their voices and opinions heard.  New York's 

23    youth bring powerful voices and unique 

24    perspectives, and we honor them today.  

25                 Adam Munoz, Aiden Munoz, 


                                                               3775

 1    Austin Munoz, Benjamin Elkin, Ina Borja, 

 2    Morgan Bowman, Oliver Chow, Caileigh Coffey, 

 3    Juliet Anderson Rosen, Marabel Cedeno and 

 4    Svara Gawde -- along with their chaperone, 

 5    Lesley Mazzotta -- are here today in the gallery.  

 6    And I would ask that you extend them all the 

 7    privileges of the house, welcome them to Albany, 

 8    and thank them for their work, being civic 

 9    participants at this young age.

10                 Thank you, Mr. President.  

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Thank 

12    you, Senator Mayer.  

13                 To these incredible young people 

14    making their mark on the world at an early age, 

15    we welcome you to our State Capitol.  We extend 

16    to you all of the privileges and courtesies of 

17    this house.  

18                 Please rise and be recognized, and 

19    keep on doing what you're doing.

20                 (Standing ovation.)

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

22    Gianaris.

23                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President, 

24    let's take up Resolution 1847, by Senator Cleare, 

25    read that resolution's title, and call on 


                                                               3776

 1    Senator Cleare.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 3    Secretary will read.  

 4                 THE SECRETARY:   Resolution 1847, by 

 5    Senator Cleare, commemorating the 

 6    66th Anniversary of Senegalese Independence on 

 7    April 4, 2026.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

 9    Cleare on the resolution.

10                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Thank you, 

11    Mr. President.  

12                 First, I want to say {in Wolof}.  

13    That means "Welcome to Albany."

14                 Today represents a very-first-of- 

15    its-kind occurrence:  Senegalese Day in Albany, 

16    paying tribute to our beloved Senegalese 

17    community, in Senate District 30 and statewide.  

18                 It is a day to honor our great 

19    friends on the floor and in the gallery.  

20                 Today marks the first annual 

21    Senegalese Day in Albany, celebrating the 

22    66th anniversary of Senegalese independence.  

23    Senegalese independence is very unique and 

24    notable because it was achieved through 

25    negotiation, and not bloodshed, in 1960.  


                                                               3777

 1                 New York is famously known as the 

 2    melting pot of all cultures, and it is important 

 3    that we recognize and honor them.  In the 

 4    mid-1980s and late 1970s, individuals and 

 5    families from many West African countries 

 6    migrated to the United States, settling in my 

 7    district, including the great people of Senegal, 

 8    known as the Land of Teranga, meaning welcome.

 9                 Located in Central Harlem, on 

10    West 116th Street, is a vibrant neighborhood 

11    founded on family, tradition, and cultural 

12    preservation, made up of residents and business 

13    owners who originated from Senegal, West Africa.  

14                 This area quickly became a main 

15    shopping and local social hub for residents of 

16    their community.  

17                 Today the Senegalese bring the same 

18    spirit of welcome from their homeland to our 

19    communities and our beloved hair braiders, 

20    restaurateurs, beauty supply shop owners, fabric 

21    merchants, car service business owners.  So many 

22    of their businesses are women-led and 

23    women-owned.  For example, the Malcolm Shabazz 

24    Marketplace is packed with a large variety of 

25    vendors selling goods ranging from traditional 


                                                               3778

 1    African goods to hair braiding boutiques.  

 2                 Truth be told, when our friends from 

 3    Senegal moved in, the neighborhood was in a 

 4    vulnerable position.  Buildings were abandoned.  

 5    Drugs were epidemic.  And city disinvestment was 

 6    rampant.  

 7                 Following in the spirit of the 

 8    proverb "Spilled water is better than a broken 

 9    jar," the Senegalese made the community their 

10    own.  They provided car service uptown in an era 

11    when taxis did not travel north of Central Park.  

12    They endured many struggles, but stayed and 

13    worked hard to build our beautiful community.  

14                 They brought with them their faith, 

15    both Muslim and Christian, and work to better our 

16    neighborhoods today through groups like the 

17    Senegalese Islamic orders such as MICA, the 

18    Murid Islamic Community in America, and the 

19    Harlem Islamic Cultural Center, which is a 

20    spiritual home to many of the Tidjani order, the 

21    Layene.  

22                 In addition to the day-to-day 

23    enrichment they bring, twice in this decade they 

24    had the opportunity to celebrate in the streets 

25    when the Senegalese National Soccer Team won the 


                                                               3779

 1    African Cup of Nations Tournament in both 2022 

 2    and, yes, again in 2026.  

 3                 For over 40 years, the Senegalese 

 4    have offered a taste of home for immigrants 

 5    adjusting to their new life in the States, 

 6    bringing in new shops, restaurants, bakeries, and 

 7    have greatly contributed to the cultural and 

 8    economic structure of New York.  

 9                 Commemorating the past, present and 

10    future of the Senegalese community will continue 

11    to strengthen the fabric of New York's cultural 

12    identity.

13                 Today we are joined by 

14    His Excellency Mr. Demba Camara, Consul General 

15    of Senegal, and Mr. Mamadou Lamine Mbow, 

16    president of the Senegalese Association of 

17    America, as well as friends, leaders, colleagues 

18    and staff from these organizations.  

19                 Also joining us is Ms. Astatou 

20    Andow, leader of the Women's Community, Women's 

21    Senegalese Community; Mr. Elhadji Sow, 

22    Casamance Association; Mr. Mamadou Drame, former 

23    president of the Senegalese Association; and so 

24    many others are here with me today.

25                 I ask that we extend to them a great 


                                                               3780

 1    sense of Teranga from the chambers.

 2                 Thank you.  

 3                 (Applause from the gallery.)

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   To the 

 5    Consul General, the president of the Senegalese 

 6    Association, and to our guests from the mighty 

 7    nation of Senegal, we celebrate your independence 

 8    and we welcome you to the Senate.  

 9                 I extend to you all of the 

10    privileges and courtesies of this house.  

11                 Please rise and be recognized.

12                 (Standing ovation.)

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

14    question is on the resolution.  

15                 All those in favor signify by saying 

16    aye.

17                 (Response of "Aye.")

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Opposed, 

19    nay.

20                 (No response.)

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

22    resolution is adopted.  

23                 Senator Gianaris.

24                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President, 

25    let's move on to Resolution 1981, by 


                                                               3781

 1    Senator Sanders.  Read its title and call on 

 2    Senator Sanders, please.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 4    Secretary will read.

 5                 THE SECRETARY:   Resolution 1981, by 

 6    Senator Sanders, memorializing Governor Kathy 

 7    Hochul to proclaim April 28, 2026, as MWBE 

 8    Advocacy Day in the State of New York.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

10    Sanders on the resolution.  

11                 SENATOR SANDERS:   Thank you, 

12    Mr. President.

13                 A pillar of the American dream is 

14    the pillar of equality of opportunity, equality 

15    of opportunity.  Basically that means that, as we 

16    understand it, a person who works hard, plays by 

17    the rules, and invests their time and treasure 

18    has the same opportunity to make it big in 

19    America, to get to the American dream.

20                 Sadly, this is really more dream 

21    than reality -- not even in New York State.  

22                 One example of this is that more 

23    than 54 percent of New York State is composed of 

24    women and people of color.  Of the $160 billion 

25    or more budget that New York State has, the state 


                                                               3782

 1    share of MWBE has been $3 billion.  Now, I'm not 

 2    the world's greatest mathematician, but that does 

 3    not sound like 54 percent or anywhere close to 

 4    it.

 5                 Yet this meager amount even troubles 

 6    some.  We have an ill wind coming out of D.C. 

 7    that says that this is too much, that this is not 

 8    fair and somehow this threatens something -- they 

 9    never really say what.

10                 But we in the Empire State have 

11    taken a different position.  We say that we are 

12    going to stand for all, that we're going to fight 

13    and make sure there's equality of opportunity, 

14    that everyone gets a fair chance at competing 

15    here.  

16                 We in the Empire State are not going 

17    to let these ill winds, this foul-smelling wind, 

18    determine what we're going to do here.  And I 

19    want to take a moment to praise the Governor and 

20    to praise this body for standing firm on this.  

21                 Now, MWBE Day is a day where we get 

22    to speak and read that this is part of New York, 

23    that everybody here is part of the great culture 

24    that we call New York.  And we have some of the 

25    greatest heroes of MWBE here today.  


                                                               3783

 1                 We have -- and I will only read a 

 2    couple of names, because if I go further we will 

 3    be here for quite a while.

 4                 I would not do right if I didn't 

 5    speak of Jason Clark and Dr. Tammy Pate and 

 6    Carla Hernandez and Michael Garner and of course 

 7    the New York Women's Chamber of Commerce and 

 8    others.

 9                 Mr. President, I would like for us 

10    to give these great guests and this great day the 

11    benefit of this great chamber and to reward them 

12    for their great efforts.

13                 I thank you, and I thank this great 

14    chamber for allowing this day to happen.

15                 Thank you, sir.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

17    you, Senator Sanders.  

18                 To our guests, I welcome you on 

19    behalf of the Senate.  We extend to you the 

20    privileges and courtesies of this house.  

21                 Please rise and be recognized.

22                 (Standing ovation.)

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

24    question is on the resolution.  All those in 

25    favor please signify by saying aye.


                                                               3784

 1                 (Response of "Aye.")

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Opposed, 

 3    nay.

 4                 (No response.)

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 6    resolution is adopted.

 7                 Senator Gianaris.

 8                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Next up, 

 9    Mr. President, is Resolution 1845, by 

10    Senator Bailey.  Please read that resolution's 

11    title and call on Senator Cleare first to speak 

12    on that resolution.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

14    Secretary will read.

15                 THE SECRETARY:   Resolution 1845, by 

16    Senator Bailey, celebrating the 100th Anniversary 

17    of the birth of John Coltrane, renowned artistic 

18    trailblazer and innovative New York jazz 

19    musician.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

21    Cleare on the resolution.

22                 SENATOR CLEARE:   Thank you, 

23    Mr. President.

24                 John Coltrane is a beloved figure 

25    whose singularly unique jazz virtuosity built 


                                                               3785

 1    upon Harlem Renaissance legends and influenced 

 2    the entire world.  

 3                 Many of Coltrane's earliest 

 4    performances were uptown at the Apollo Theater.  

 5    One of Coltrane's final performances was at the 

 6    christening of the African Cultural Center in 

 7    Harlem, where he dedicated the song "Tunji" to  

 8    Babatunde Olatunji.  In between, he was simply 

 9    beloved all over the world.  

10                 His masterwork, A Love Supreme, was 

11    described as a musical prayer in four 

12    movements -- Acknowledgement, Resolution, 

13    Pursuance, and Psalm -- which combined to form 

14    thanks to God for a spiritual awakening.  

15                 For the past five years in my 

16    district we have extended and enriched the 

17    Coltrane legacy in Harlem with an annual tribute 

18    each September called the John Coltrane Jazz 

19    Appreciation Day Festival.  Performers have 

20    included legends such as Dr. John "Satchmo" 

21    Mannan, trombonist Craig Harris, 

22    Patience Higgins, Antonio Hart, Bill Saxton, 

23    Camille Thurman, and the Darrell Green Quartet. 

24                 The John Coltrane Jazz Appreciation 

25    Day Festival is a treasured event that draws a 


                                                               3786

 1    capacity crowd of nearly 2,000 people.  And we 

 2    hope that this year, on the 100th birthday of 

 3    John Coltrane, in the heart of the 

 4    Harlem Renaissance Cultural District, we will 

 5    continue to pay proper tribute to the greatest of 

 6    all time, John Coltrane.  

 7                 I want to thank Senator Jamaal 

 8    Bailey for bringing this important resolution 

 9    today.  

10                 This is more than just about art and 

11    entertainment; it is about preservation.  And in 

12    a period in time where much of our culture is 

13    threatened with erasure, it is important that we 

14    pay tribute and lift up our great artists like 

15    John Coltrane.  

16                 The music of Coltrane represents so 

17    much of not only the Black experience in America, 

18    but also the human experience of struggle and 

19    triumph.

20                 Mr. President, thank you, and I 

21    proudly vote aye.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

23    you, Senator Cleare.  

24                 Senator Gounardes on the resolution.

25                 SENATOR GOUNARDES:   Thank you, 


                                                               3787

 1    Mr. President.

 2                 I love jazz, Mr. President.  Before 

 3    I got elected, when I had free time in my life, I 

 4    used to go to Senator Cleare's district, to 

 5    Bill's Place, Friday nights, right, go listen to 

 6    some amazing jazz.  

 7                 But among my favorites was 

 8    John Coltrane.  And everyone talks about A Love 

 9    Supreme.  To me, it's the live version recorded 

10    in 1965 in Paris.  That 48 minutes, that 

11    spiritual journey which is a joyous cacophony of 

12    sound and music and energy.  

13                 And it all starts with that slow, 

14    haunting humming.  And he just starts bringing it 

15    in, you know {singing}, "A love supreme, a love 

16    supreme" -- nothing is better.  Nothing is 

17    better.  And whenever -- whenever I'm feeling 

18    that I need some spiritual rejuvenation, I put 

19    that on, because that just fills me up.  

20                 And it's because of the power that 

21    he has, the way he harnessed the power of music 

22    to heal people who may or may not know that they 

23    were broken, or that they were hurting, or that 

24    they needed some kind of healing, is unmatched by 

25    any musician I think that has ever lived on this 


                                                               3788

 1    planet.  

 2                 And so I'm really thankful that we 

 3    get to take a moment from our deliberations today 

 4    to pay tribute to Mr. John Coltrane on the 

 5    100th anniversary of his birth.  

 6                 I want to thank Senator Bailey for 

 7    reminding us of just how important that is.

 8                 I vote aye.  Thank you.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

10    you, Senator.

11                 Senator Webb on the resolution.

12                 SENATOR WEBB:   Thank you, 

13    Mr. President.  

14                 I too want to extend my appreciation 

15    to Senator Cleare and Senator Bailey and of 

16    course our Majority Leader for supporting this 

17    important resolution.  

18                 You know, John Coltrane, as we've 

19    shared so far and as a lot of us know, he was an 

20    incredible pioneer.  And his shaping of music -- 

21    not just jazz, but music overall -- is something 

22    that we most certainly still recognize.  And it's 

23    important that this resolution is happening today 

24    as part of commemorating his 100th birthday.  

25                 He has not only inspired generations 


                                                               3789

 1    of musicians to pursue their dreams, he is also 

 2    noted as one of the most influential and prolific 

 3    artists in the history of jazz and music.  

 4                 It is also important to note that 

 5    his inspiration to artists pushed them to move 

 6    past what is comfortable or what is safe and to 

 7    reach for something that is true.

 8                 John Coltrane also served his 

 9    country.  He enlisted in the Navy to fight in 

10    World War II, though it was obvious that his true 

11    calling was music.  And while stationed in 

12    Hawaii, he played clarinet in the Navy band 

13    The Melody Masters, though due to segregation he 

14    was only a guest performer and could not be 

15    considered a permanent member.

16                 He came of age at a time of 

17    pervasive racism and bigotry, yet he dedicated 

18    his life to spreading a love supreme and being 

19    the force which is truly for good.

20                 He collaborated with trailblazing 

21    artists like Miles Davis and Thelonious Monk.  

22    And 

23                 We all know that music is one of 

24    those things that brings us all together 

25    regardless of cultural identity.  I shared the 


                                                               3790

 1    story about my family; my parents in particular 

 2    were vast collectors of albums.  They were known 

 3    in my neighborhood as our neighborhood music 

 4    store.  And most certainly amongst the many 

 5    albums that they collected, John Coltrane's music 

 6    was most certainly prominently featured in that 

 7    collection.  

 8                 Next month the Black Legislative 

 9    Task Force is coordinating a celebration to 

10    commemorate Black Music History Month, and of 

11    course we will be recognizing John Coltrane and 

12    other icons who have shaped and continue to shape 

13    our culture through music and more.

14                 John Coltrane's music continues that 

15    connection.  His music lives on in concert halls, 

16    on sidewalks, and in jazz clubs around at world.  

17    His music lives on in each and every one of us 

18    when we pursue our true calling, and when we find 

19    our own song or theme music and refuse to let it 

20    go unplayed.  

21                 I am proud to be voting in favor of 

22    this resolution, and I encourage my colleagues 

23    most certainly in honoring the extraordinary life 

24    and enduring legacy of Mr. John Coltrane.

25                 Thank you, Mr. President.  I proudly 


                                                               3791

 1    vote aye.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

 3    you, Senator Webb.

 4                 Senator Martinez on the resolution.

 5                 SENATOR MARTINEZ:   Thank you, 

 6    Mr. President.  

 7                 I rise today because his wonderful 

 8    house sits in my district.  And while we're 

 9    celebrating this milestone, as mentioned before, 

10    let's not forget the preservation for future 

11    individuals to listen to such great music.  

12                 And A Love Supreme, the fact that it 

13    was created in Dix Hills, on Long Island, is one 

14    of the proudest moments that I can possibly say 

15    that I have right now.  

16                 Because when I found out that 

17    Senator Bailey was presenting the 100th -- our 

18    districts are so big, and there's so much history 

19    in them, and even though jazz is all over the 

20    state and the city, in Queens and in Bronx and so 

21    forth -- but he's on Long Island.  Right?  So I 

22    just needed to stand up for that.  

23                 And I just want to say to the 

24    family, thank you for uniting so many people 

25    through music, through culture.  And please know 


                                                               3792

 1    that you will remain in our hearts forever.

 2                 Thank you.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

 4    you, Senator Martinez.

 5                 Senator Sanders on the resolution.

 6                 SENATOR SANDERS:   It is true that 

 7    John Coltrane was an amazing spirit, a force of 

 8    nature that chose to harness itself through the 

 9    question of jazz.  It is true that Harlem 

10    certainly played a major role with him.  And you 

11    pointed out your part of Long Island.  

12                 But it is also true that when 

13    John Coltrane went home, he went to Queens. 

14                 (Laughter.)

15                 SENATOR SANDERS:   His home was in 

16    Queens.  His home was in St. Albans, as a matter 

17    of fact.  That perhaps this is the soil that gave 

18    him the supreme love that we all are speaking of.  

19    Perhaps this is where he was able to bring it 

20    together.  

21                 And I invite all of you to discover 

22    what John Coltrane discovered, that there's 

23    something godly about Queens and that we all 

24    should go there.

25                 Jazz is noted by many different 


                                                               3793

 1    things.  Improvisation is one of the most 

 2    important things to jazz.  And a good jazz 

 3    concert, you never hear the music the same way 

 4    twice.  Unlike other music.  You never are 

 5    hearing the music the same way twice.  You're 

 6    always going to hear it slightly different or 

 7    sometimes radically different, depending on your 

 8    album, depending on what the feel of the day is.

 9                 John Coltrane took jazz and took it 

10    to just a whole 'nother level that we frankly 

11    have yet to figure out where it is.  People have 

12    branched off -- many people have branched off 

13    from him and have gone in so many different ways.  

14    The Mahavishnu Orchestra quickly comes to mind.  

15    And others just gone all over the place with 

16    jazz.  

17                 So I invite everyone to find two 

18    different things.  First, of course, to find 

19    yourself in jazz.  John Coltrane is a great way 

20    to start.  But jazz is so wide, it has room for 

21    everyone.

22                 And another place that has room for 

23    everyone is of course Queens.  So find yourself 

24    in Queens also, because you'll fit in well with 

25    John Coltrane.


                                                               3794

 1                 Thank you very much.  I vote yes.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

 3    you, Senator Sanders.  

 4                 Senator Bailey to share his love 

 5    supreme, and to close.

 6                 SENATOR BAILEY:   Thank you, 

 7    Mr. President.

 8                 I'd like to thank Leader 

 9    Stewart-Cousins, Senator Martinez for being so 

10    gracious, Senator Cleare for sharing her views 

11    from Harlem, and Senator Gounardes and 

12    Senator Webb and Senator Sanders.  

13                 We talk about the soil that was 

14    rooted, but we're going to talk about the soil 

15    that John Coltrane came from.  He was born in 

16    Hamlet, North Country, raised in High Point, 

17    which is my state.  This one's for 

18    North Carolina -- come on and raise up.  

19                 And North Carolina raised up one of 

20    the true legends in music -- not just jazz music, 

21    Mr. President, in music.  In 40 years this man 

22    had created an art form that, as Senator Sanders 

23    indicated, has never been replicated.  

24                 The precision or imprecision in 

25    which he's able to play -- I'll get to hip-hop in 


                                                               3795

 1    a second, because there is a fusion.  But Rakim 

 2    noted, he borrowed his delivery when he heard 

 3    John Coltrane play two notes at the same time.  

 4    So he pushed the boundaries of music, not just 

 5    jazz music.  

 6                 And he did a lot of great things.  

 7    He said, You know what, Sound of Music, but I'm 

 8    going to make it soulful, with his 

 9    re-interpolation of "My Favorite Things."  

10                 "Giant Steps," one of my favorite 

11    songs, the frenetic energy.  And I would imagine 

12    you'd never hear that song played twice, just the 

13    frenetic energy.  Not so mellow, but mellow at 

14    the same time.  

15                 "Mr. P.C."  "A Love Supreme," of 

16    course.  But, Mr. President, my favorite Coltrane 

17    song was "Alabama."  Relatively short in 

18    comparison to the rest of his magnum opuses.  But 

19    it plays like the soundtrack to Black Americans 

20    because it was, in fact, part of the soundtrack 

21    to Black America.  

22                 It was inspired by the 16th Street 

23    Baptist Church bombing.  And he actually, without 

24    words, Mr. President, took the same rhythm of 

25    Dr. King's eulogy and played the sax in that 


                                                               3796

 1    form.  That's not genius, that's beyond genius, 

 2    Mr. President.  

 3                 You know, I learned a lot about jazz 

 4    music from my dad.  And in preparing for this 

 5    resolution, I listened to a lot of Coltrane over 

 6    again.  And, you know, growing up you don't know 

 7    the names of the songs, but you know you've heard 

 8    them quite a few times.  So I have to make sure I 

 9    give due notes to my dad.  

10                 And now, speaking of him, he talked 

11    about growing up in Carolina.  That was the first 

12    tenor man that he saw that inspired him.  And he 

13    listened to Blue Train, which was his favorite 

14    song.  So what my dad says is the seminal song of 

15    jazz music, Blue Train.  

16                 WBGO and Jazz Mobile and all of the 

17    places that we've heard jazz growing up, so 

18    important to our culture.  

19                 Hip-hop and jazz, Mr. President, in 

20    my opinion are the greatest American art forms.  

21    You can argue with me if you wish; I don't think 

22    you'll be successful.

23                 "Amen" was sampled by Lords of the 

24    Underground's "Chief Rocka."  "Functional," with 

25    Thelonious Monk, was sampled in Method Man.  


                                                               3797

 1                 As I mentioned, Rakim, one of the 

 2    greatest MCs of all time, was a saxophone player 

 3    in his youth, and he patterned his rhymes -- his 

 4    flow, one of the most legendary flows in hip-hop 

 5    history, after the way that Coltrane played the 

 6    saxophone.  

 7                 Mr. President, there's so much that 

 8    we can learn.  As Senator Gounardes said earlier, 

 9    if you have not listened to Coltrane, I would 

10    implore you -- I'd wonder what you're doing, but 

11    secondly, I'd implore you to listen.  You can go 

12    on whatever streaming service of your choice.  

13    I'm not going to advertise for them.  But I want 

14    you to go on there and pick any Coltrane song, 

15    and you will be satisfied.  

16                 I just want to make sure we 

17    recognize the guests that we have who continue to 

18    help bring jazz music at a major level:  

19    Mr. Charles Wadelington, from Universal Records, 

20    and Ken Druker, the senior vice president of jazz 

21    development at the Verve Label Group, the 

22    preeminent jazz label of our time.  

23                 And recognize -- even though that 

24    his family was supposed to be here, I'm going to 

25    recognize them for all that they do to continue 


                                                               3798

 1    the legacy:  Ravi Coltrane, Michelle Coltrane, 

 2    and Oran Coltrane, his children; his late wife, 

 3    Alice Coltrane, and his late son, John Jr.  

 4                 And I want to leave us with a quote 

 5    from John Coltrane in 1966.  He said:  "I know 

 6    that there are bad forces, forces that bring 

 7    suffering to others and misery to the world.  I 

 8    want to be the opposite force.  I want to be the 

 9    force which is truly for good."  

10                 He was truly for good, 

11    Mr. President.  May his legacy live on.  And on 

12    his 100th birthday, we celebrate one of the 

13    greatest to ever pick up a sax, Mr. John 

14    Coltrane.  

15                 I vote aye on the resolution, 

16    Mr. President.  

17                 And please recognize our guests.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

19    you, Senator Bailey.  

20                 To our guests, I welcome you on 

21    behalf of the Senate.  We extend to you the 

22    privileges and courtesies of this house.  

23                 Please rise and be recognized.  

24                 (Standing ovation.)

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 


                                                               3799

 1    question is on the resolution.  

 2                 All those in favor please signify by 

 3    saying aye.

 4                 (Response of "Aye.")

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Opposed, 

 6    nay.  

 7                 (No response.)

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 9    resolution is adopted.

10                 Senator Gianaris.

11                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Please call on 

12    Senator Harckham for an introduction.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

14    Harckham for an introduction.  

15                 SENATOR HARCKHAM:   Thank you very 

16    much, Mr. President.  

17                 You know, it is said that we can't 

18    know where we're going unless we know where we've 

19    been.  And so we need to understand the stories 

20    of our past to inform the vision of our future.  

21                 And so I'm proud today that we have 

22    folks from my district today from the Sing Sing 

23    Prison Museum, telling fascinating stories of the 

24    folks who, in the 200-year history of that 

25    correctional facility, the folks who served 


                                                               3800

 1    there, the folks who worked there, the folks who 

 2    built the facility, and the complex interaction 

 3    with the community of Ossining and the 

 4    surrounding community and the proximity to 

 5    New York City.

 6                 I want to thank them for their 

 7    really stimulating, important conversations about 

 8    our correction system as it stands today, where 

 9    we need to go, conversations around reform.  And 

10    just being a catalyst for these important 

11    conversations that we as a society need to have.

12                 In the wake of the 200th 

13    anniversary, they'll open the visiting center 

14    later this year in the Village of Ossining, and 

15    continue the difficult work of trying to preserve 

16    the original cell block.  

17                 Imagine trying to create an active 

18    museum within an active correctional facility -- 

19    and the challenges and the roadblocks they 

20    continue to meet, but yet they remain undaunted 

21    while they try to continue to tell these 

22    important stories.

23                 So Mr. Chair, from the Sing Sing 

24    Prison Museum we have Minerva Coffie, 

25    Amy Hufnagel, and from the board, retired 


                                                               3801

 1    Sing Sing correctional officer Lieutenant 

 2    John Gilman.  

 3                 If you would, please, sir, welcome 

 4    them to the chamber and extend to them the 

 5    courtesies and privileges of the house.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Thank 

 7    you, Senator Harckham.  

 8                 To our guests from the Sing Sing 

 9    Museum, we thank you for coming up here and 

10    continuing to impart knowledge upon us.  

11                 We welcome you on behalf of the 

12    Senate.  We extend to you all the privileges and 

13    courtesies of this house.  

14                 Please rise and be recognized.

15                 (Standing ovation.)

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

17    Gianaris.

18                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Now let's take 

19    up Resolution 1934, by Senator Serrano, read its 

20    title and call on Senator Serrano, please.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

22    Secretary will read.

23                 THE SECRETARY:   Resolution 1934, by 

24    Senator Serrano, recognizing May 2, 2026, as 

25    I Love My Park Day in the State of New York.


                                                               3802

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

 2    Serrano on the resolution.

 3                 SENATOR SERRANO:   Thank you, 

 4    Mr. President, for hearing me on this resolution.  

 5                 I would like to thank the Senate and 

 6    my colleagues for adopting this important 

 7    resolution today recognizing Saturday, May 2, 

 8    2026, as I Love My Park Day in the State of 

 9    New York.

10                 I Love My Park Day is a day where 

11    everyone can become a steward of their own parks 

12    and open spaces.  There is always a tremendous 

13    amount of sponsorship and volunteers for this 

14    vital cleanup.  

15                 We should treasure our parks and 

16    historic sites every day.  New York has the best 

17    parks system in the nation.  New York's public 

18    lands and parks are vital resources that shape 

19    communities, support wildlife habitats, and 

20    benefit both physical and mental health.  The 

21    safeguarding of these spaces is paramount, as 

22    they provide opportunities for everyone to 

23    explore, play, wonder, unwind, learn and find 

24    inspiration.  

25                 My colleagues have heard me speak on 


                                                               3803

 1    both the economic and mental health benefits that 

 2    access to open spaces offers, as well as the 

 3    lifelong lessons that environmental stewardship, 

 4    learning to swim, and exposure to the natural 

 5    world around us provide for people of all walks 

 6    of life.

 7                 I would like to thank our parks 

 8    friends groups, the office of parks, recreation 

 9    and historic preservation, DEC, and the parks 

10    advocates who continue to be fantastic stewards 

11    of our state parks and historic sites.  

12                 Thank you, Mr. President, for 

13    hearing me on this resolution, and I thank my 

14    colleagues for supporting this today.

15                 Thank you.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Thank 

17    you, Senator Serrano.

18                 The question is on the resolution.

19                 All those in favor please signify by 

20    saying aye.

21                 (Response of "Aye.")

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Opposed, 

23    nay.

24                 (No response.)

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 


                                                               3804

 1    resolution is adopted.

 2                 Senator Gianaris.

 3                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   And now it's 

 4    time for Resolution 1961, by Senator Martinez.  

 5    Please read that resolution's title and call on 

 6    Senator Martinez.  

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 8    Secretary will read.

 9                 THE SECRETARY:   Resolution 1961, 

10    by Senator Martinez, memorializing Governor 

11    Kathy Hochul to proclaim April 28, 2026, as 

12    Animal Advocacy Day in the State of New York.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

14    Martinez on the resolution.  

15                 SENATOR MARTINEZ:   Thank you, 

16    Mr. President.  

17                 I rise today on this fun day that we 

18    have here in our State Capitol, and that's 

19    Animal Advocacy Day.  

20                 I also want to thank 

21    Senator Hinchey, our chair of Ag & Markets, for 

22    continuing this tradition that has been happening 

23    here in the state Capitol for 15 years.  

24                 And it serves as a tradition to 

25    provide our state's animal ambassadors an 


                                                               3805

 1    opportunity to meet with one another and with 

 2    their elected officials for policies to protect 

 3    these creatures.  

 4                 This year I am proud to sponsor this 

 5    resolution, joining a bipartisan legacy of 

 6    respect and support for those who literally do 

 7    not have a voice.  

 8                 Today many of us had the opportunity 

 9    to meet with the people, the organizations who 

10    are speaking on their behalf.  They came asking 

11    that we act on bills pending before us here in 

12    Albany to protect the animals both domesticated, 

13    wild, those on land, air and sea, which 

14    complement our time here on earth.  

15                 Bills such as 197, Tucker's Law, 

16    would allow greater judicial discretion and order 

17    consecutive and concurring sentences when an 

18    individual is convicted of multiple counts of 

19    aggravated cruelty.

20                 Bill Number 252, which would prevent 

21    wild and exotic animals from being imported, sold 

22    and owned.  No animals should be removed from 

23    their native habitat for the purpose of profit.  

24                 And for those who visited the Well, 

25    I'm sure you saw an octopus around.  You didn't 


                                                               3806

 1    get one?  Well, every elected should have 

 2    received one of these.  All right, talk to me.  

 3                 But this bill, what it would do, it 

 4    would prohibit the importation and the 

 5    environmentally damaging octopus farming.  

 6                 Now, it is not time for us to roll 

 7    over on these important issues that we protect 

 8    animals within our state from being abused, 

 9    killed, as a result of willful negligence and 

10    literally just deliberate viciousness against our 

11    animals.  

12                 I thank the leader, my colleagues, 

13    all the advocates that were here today for really 

14    showing us that animals tend to be a part of our 

15    family sometimes.  

16                 And in honor today, too, of the 

17    package that we are about to pass, we also must 

18    recognize that some of these animals are also 

19    family, and many of our women and men who are 

20    victims of domestic violence sometimes do not 

21    leave their environment because they do not have 

22    a place to go with their animal.

23                 So aside from being Animal Advocacy 

24    Day and supporting victims of domestic violence, 

25    I urge my colleagues to vote yes on this 


                                                               3807

 1    resolution.  

 2                 And thank you for the day.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Thank 

 4    you, Senator Martinez.

 5                 The question is on the resolution.  

 6    All those in favor please signify by saying aye.

 7                 (Response of "Aye.")

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Opposed, 

 9    nay.

10                 (No response.)

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

12    resolution is adopted.  

13                 Senator Gianaris.

14                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Okay, let's take 

15    up previously adopted Resolution 1827, by 

16    Senator Webb, read its title and call on 

17    Senator Webb, please.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

19    Secretary will read.

20                 THE SECRETARY:   Resolution 1827, by 

21    Senator Webb, memorializing Governor Kathy Hochul 

22    to proclaim March 2026 as Neuromyelitis Optica 

23    Spectrum Disorder Awareness Month in the State of 

24    New York.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 


                                                               3808

 1    Webb on the resolution.

 2                 SENATOR WEBB:   Thank you, 

 3    Mr. President.

 4                 I rise to of course thank our 

 5    Majority Leader for supporting this important 

 6    resolution to proclaim March 2026 as 

 7    Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Awareness 

 8    Month in the State of New York.

 9                 This condition, also known as NMOSD, 

10    is a very rare autoimmune disease of the central 

11    nervous system that attacks the optic nerve, 

12    spinal cord, and in some cases the brain stem.  

13                 NMOSD is often misdiagnosed, and 

14    every delay in diagnosis can carry significant 

15    and devastating consequences.  A single relapse 

16    could mean permanent loss of vision, mobility, 

17    and independence.  

18                 I think today of a young man named 

19    Ni, who's a constituent from my district who is 

20    navigating right now this diagnosis with 

21    remarkable resilience.  

22                 Imagine being a young person 

23    pursuing your education and building your future 

24    when suddenly your body begins to turn against 

25    you.  Your vision changes.  Your strength fades, 


                                                               3809

 1    and your search for answers is inconclusive.  

 2                 That is the reality for those living 

 3    with NMOSD.  Like so many others, Ni's journey 

 4    has been filled with uncertainty, setbacks, and 

 5    challenges that no person should have to face, 

 6    but he continues to push forward, holding on to 

 7    hope and showing strength in the face of a 

 8    disease that can change lives in an instant.  

 9                 In 2022, there were about 

10    22,000 individuals living with NMOSD in the 

11    United States.  Studies show that up to 

12    90 percent of those diagnosed are women, and that 

13    NMOSD is more prevalent among those of African or 

14    East Asian descent.  

15                 We must continue to invest in 

16    research and make space in our healthcare system 

17    for rare diseases that often go unseen.

18                 We also have to ensure that patients 

19    have access to timely, accurate diagnoses, 

20    specialized care, and treatments that can prevent 

21    further harm.  

22                 This resolution recognizes 

23    individuals like Ni and the families who walk in 

24    this path alongside their loved ones.  Ni, we 

25    recognize your strength and, to all those who are 


                                                               3810

 1    impacted by this condition, your resilience and 

 2    your courage.  

 3                 And we commit ourselves to ensuring 

 4    that no one facing this disease or any other 

 5    underrepresented health condition feels 

 6    invisible, because rare should never mean 

 7    forgotten.  

 8                 Thank you to Senate Majority Leader 

 9    Andrea Stewart-Cousins for her support.  I am 

10    very proud to be voting in favor of this 

11    resolution, and I hope my colleagues will join me 

12    in voting aye and recognizing this month.

13                 Thank you, Mr. President.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Thank 

15    you, Senator Webb.

16                 The resolution was adopted on 

17    March 31st.

18                 Senator Gianaris.

19                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   And lastly, but 

20    not least, previously adopted Resolution 1399, by 

21    Senator Persaud.  Read that resolution's title 

22    and recognize Senator Persaud, please.  

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

24    Secretary will read.

25                 THE SECRETARY:   Resolution 1399, by 


                                                               3811

 1    Senator Persaud, memorializing Governor Kathy 

 2    Hochul to proclaim April 29, 2026, as Denim Day 

 3    in the State of New York.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

 5    Persaud on the resolution.

 6                 SENATOR PERSAUD:   Thank you, 

 7    Mr. President.  

 8                 Today I rise to speak on Denim Day, 

 9    as I usually do.

10                 As you know, we stand today in 

11    solidarity with survivors of sexual violence and 

12    reaffirm a simple but powerful truth:  No one 

13    ever asked to be harmed, and no one should ever 

14    be blamed for experiencing this harm.

15                 April is considered Sexual Assault 

16    Awareness Month.  But we should not have to speak 

17    about sexual assault awareness, because it's 

18    something that should never happen.  

19                 Denim Day originated in response in 

20    1998, because of an Italian court's decision.  It 

21    overturned a rape conviction, and the reason for 

22    them overturning the rape conviction was because 

23    the person who was raped was wearing tight denim.  

24    And so the judges, in their infinite wisdom, 

25    implied that because the person was wearing these 


                                                               3812

 1    tight denims, that she had had to help the person 

 2    who violated her.  And they threw out that 

 3    conviction, and the person walked free.

 4                 The young woman was devastated, as 

 5    anyone should be, because she was violated.  

 6                 So in response to that decision, 

 7    women in the Italian Parliament, the next day 

 8    they all wore jeans in solidarity with the 

 9    victim.  

10                 Today, across the world, we wear 

11    jeans.  And it will be tomorrow, so anyone who 

12    wants to wear jeans tomorrow -- not in the 

13    chamber, but anyone who wants to wear jeans 

14    tomorrow, take your picture to show solidarity 

15    with sexual assault victims.  

16                 April 29th is the day we wear jeans 

17    to show that we will not tolerate sexual assault, 

18    sexual violence.  It is unacceptable.

19                 Sexual violence is not an abstract 

20    issue in our communities.  Survivors are our 

21    neighbors, they're our relatives, they're our 

22    friends, they're our coworkers, they are people 

23    that we see on a daily basis.  And many of them 

24    are afraid to speak about the violation that's 

25    occurred to them.


                                                               3813

 1                 It also affects people from every 

 2    background.  Sexual assault, sexual violence does 

 3    not discriminate.  And so again, we ask that we 

 4    stand in solidarity with sexual assault victims.

 5                 But we have to take action.  As a 

 6    state, we have a responsibility to ensure that 

 7    survivors have access to services, 

 8    trauma-informed care, and meaningful pathways to 

 9    justice.

10                 We must also continue to strengthen 

11    partnerships with our community-based 

12    organizations and invest in our prevention 

13    efforts.  Prevention starts early.  Let's have 

14    those early conversations.  Your voice matters.

15                 Please, if you hear of someone who 

16    has suffered a sexual assault, don't turn your 

17    back on that person.  Have the courage to speak 

18    up on their behalf.

19                 To every survivor, we want them to 

20    know, their voice matters.  We respect them.  We 

21    support them.  And we will do everything in our 

22    power to ensure that it never happens to another 

23    person.

24                 On Denim Day, again, I encourage you 

25    to do more than just wear your denim, but to 


                                                               3814

 1    speak up -- speak up, speak out, be supportive.

 2                 Again, I want to thank Leader 

 3    Stewart-Cousins and all of you in this chamber, 

 4    all of you, my colleagues, who continue to 

 5    support this resolution every year that we bring 

 6    it to the floor.  Because sexual assault, sexual 

 7    violence, should not be tolerated, and we should 

 8    not hide from the realities of what's occurring.

 9                 So again, I thank you all for your 

10    support, and I vote aye.

11                 Thank you, Mr. President.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Thank 

13    you, Senator Persaud.

14                 Senator Webb on the resolution.

15                 SENATOR WEBB:   Thank you, 

16    Mr. President.

17                 I want to thank Senator Persaud for 

18    continuing to lift up this important conversation 

19    around Denim Day.

20                 I'll just add that it is one of the 

21    longest-running sexual violence prevention and 

22    education campaigns in history, and is most 

23    certainly a testament to how far we've come and 

24    the work that has already been done in this 

25    space.  


                                                               3815

 1                 But it also underscores even more 

 2    how much further we have to go with respect to 

 3    preventing sexual assault:  81 percent of women 

 4    report experiencing sexual harassment in their 

 5    lifetime, and that statistic is painfully 

 6    disturbing and unacceptable.

 7                 Awareness campaigns like Denim Day 

 8    allow every person to stand together in 

 9    solidarity with victims of all genders.  It 

10    creates the time and space for victims and 

11    advocates to feel supported, heard and, most 

12    importantly, recognized for their truth.  

13                 No one should be blamed for their 

14    sexual assault because of what they were wearing, 

15    no article of clothing can ever bear 

16    responsibility for the violent actions of another 

17    person.

18                 Mr. President, I'll be voting in 

19    favor of this resolution, and I encourage my 

20    colleagues to do the same.

21                 Thank you.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Thank 

23    you, Senator Webb.

24                 The resolution was previously 

25    adopted on January 21st.


                                                               3816

 1                 Senator Gianaris.

 2                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President, 

 3    the sponsors of today's resolutions would like to 

 4    open them for cosponsorship.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   All the 

 6    resolutions are open for cosponsorship.  Should 

 7    you choose not to be a cosponsor, please notify 

 8    the desk.

 9                 Senator Gianaris.

10                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I have a motion 

11    here by Senator Mayer.  On page 25, I offer the 

12    following amendments to Calendar Number 707, 

13    Senate Print 9517, and ask that said bill retain 

14    its place on the Third Reading Calendar.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

16    amendments are received, and the bill will retain 

17    its place on the Third Reading Calendar.

18                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Please take up 

19    the calendar.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

21    Secretary will read.

22                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

23    199, Senate Print 54A, by Senator Fernandez, an 

24    act to amend the Penal Law.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 


                                                               3817

 1    last section.

 2                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

 3    act shall take effect immediately.  

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

 5    roll.

 6                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

 8    Fernandez to explain her vote.

 9                 SENATOR FERNANDEZ:   Thank you, 

10    Mr. President.

11                 Following off the last resolution, 

12    Denim Day, I proudly wore my denim suit today.

13                 But the message is relevant to this 

14    bill.  What you wear is not an invitation for 

15    assault or attack or rape.  And what you choose 

16    to consume, should you get intoxicated, is not an 

17    invitation to assault, attack or rape.

18                 I rise today in support of this 

19    legislation.  I thank my colleagues for advancing 

20    a bill that brings our laws closer to reality.  

21    Gaps in the law are leaving survivors without 

22    clear protection, allowing the focus to drift 

23    away from the actions of those who caused the 

24    harm and towards the circumstances surrounding 

25    the survivor.  


                                                               3818

 1                 This bill addresses that gap, and by 

 2    making clear that a person who is intoxicated to 

 3    the point where they cannot remember, is 

 4    incapable of consent, regardless of how the 

 5    condition occurred.  It affirms a simple 

 6    standard:  Consent cannot exist where capacity 

 7    does not.

 8                 I thank this body for passing this 

 9    bill once again, and I look forward to seeing its 

10    full passage so that survivors of rape, when they 

11    are intoxicated, however way they got 

12    intoxicated, can get justice.

13                 Thank you.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

15    Fernandez to be recorded in the affirmative.

16                 Announce the results.

17                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 58.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

19    is passed.

20                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

21    287, Senate Print 156A, by Senator Salazar, an 

22    act to amend the Executive Law.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 

24    last section.  

25                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 3.  This 


                                                               3819

 1    act shall take effect immediately.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

 3    roll.

 4                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

 6    the results.

 7                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 58.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

 9    is passed.

10                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

11    386, Senate Print 871, by Senator Bailey, an act 

12    to amend the Public Housing Law.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 

14    last section.

15                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

16    act shall take effect immediately.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

18    roll.

19                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

21    the results.

22                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 58.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

24    is passed.

25                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 


                                                               3820

 1    427, Senate Print 8628, by Senator Salazar, an 

 2    act to amend the Executive Law.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 

 4    last section.  

 5                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 3.  This 

 6    act shall take effect immediately.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

 8    roll.

 9                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

11    the results.

12                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 58.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

14    is passed.

15                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

16    469, Senate Print 6750, by Senator Webb, an act 

17    to amend the Retirement and Social Security Law.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 

19    last section.

20                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 8.  This 

21    act shall take effect on the 180th day after it 

22    shall have become a law.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

24    roll.

25                 (The Secretary called the roll.)


                                                               3821

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

 2    the results.

 3                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 58.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

 5    is passed.

 6                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 7    546, Senate Print 4584A, by Senator Salazar, an 

 8    act to amend the Executive Law.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 

10    last section.

11                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 6.  This 

12    act shall take effect on the 120th day after it 

13    shall have become a law.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

15    roll.

16                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

18    the results.

19                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 58.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

21    is passed.

22                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

23    549, Senate Print 6814, by Senator Bailey, an act 

24    to amend the Executive Law.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 


                                                               3822

 1    last section.

 2                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 5.  This 

 3    act shall take effect on the 90th day after it 

 4    shall have become a law.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

 6    roll.

 7                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

 9    the results.

10                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 58.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

12    is passed.

13                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

14    711, Senate Print 7612, by Senator Martinez, an 

15    act to amend the Social Services Law.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 

17    last section.

18                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 3.  This 

19    act shall take effect on the 120th day after it 

20    shall have become a law.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

22    roll.

23                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

25    the results.


                                                               3823

 1                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 58.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

 3    is passed.

 4                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 5    712, Senate Print 8045, by Senator Bynoe, an act 

 6    to amend the Executive Law.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 

 8    last section.

 9                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

10    act shall take effect on the 90th day after it 

11    shall have become a law.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

13    roll.

14                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

16    the results.

17                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 58.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

19    is passed.  

20                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

21    730, Senate Print 8877, by Senator Gianaris, an 

22    act to amend the Labor Law.

23                 SENATOR LANZA:   Lay it aside.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

25    is laid aside, and the perfect game is over.  


                                                               3824

 1                 (Laughter.)

 2                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 3    737, Senate Print 9311, by Senator Persaud, an 

 4    act directing the Department of Environmental 

 5    Conservation to conduct a study of ecological 

 6    restoration needs of Jamaica Bay.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 

 8    last section.

 9                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

10    act shall take effect immediately.  

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

12    roll.

13                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

15    the results.

16                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 58.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

18    is passed.

19                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

20    756, Senate Print 17, by Senator Skoufis, an act 

21    to amend the General Municipal Law.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 

23    last section.

24                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

25    act shall take effect immediately.  


                                                               3825

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

 2    roll.

 3                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

 5    the results.

 6                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 58.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

 8    is passed.

 9                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

10    777, Senate Print 5516A, by Senator Hinchey, an 

11    act to amend the Railroad Law.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 

13    last section.

14                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

15    act shall take effect on the 30th day after it 

16    shall have become a law.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

18    roll.

19                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

21    the results.

22                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

23    Calendar 777, voting in the negative:  

24    Senator Walczyk.

25                 Ayes, 57.  Nays, 1.


                                                               3826

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

 2    is passed.

 3                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 4    789, Senate Print 441A, by Senator Myrie, an act 

 5    to amend the Election Law.

 6                 SENATOR LANZA:   Lay it aside.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Lay it 

 8    aside.

 9                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

10    797, Assembly Print Number 2239, by 

11    Assemblymember Braunstein, an act to amend the 

12    Penal Law.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 

14    last section.

15                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

16    act shall take effect on the first of November.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

18    roll.  

19                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

21    the results.

22                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

23    Calendar 797, voting in the negative:  

24    Senator Brisport.  

25                 Ayes, 57.  Nays, 1.


                                                               3827

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

 2    is passed.

 3                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 4    806, Senate Print 3356A, by Senator Rivera, an 

 5    act to amend the Public Health Law.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 

 7    last section.

 8                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 4.  This 

 9    act shall take effect immediately.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

11    roll.

12                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

14    the results.

15                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

16    Calendar 806, voting in the negative are 

17    Senators Ashby, Borrello, Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick, 

18    Chan, Griffo, Helming, Lanza, Martins, Mattera, 

19    Murray, O'Mara, Ortt, Palumbo, Rhoads, Rolison, 

20    Tedisco, Walczyk, Weber and Weik.

21                 Ayes, 39.  Nays, 19.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

23    is passed.

24                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

25    816, Senate Print 8234A, by Senator Jackson, an 


                                                               3828

 1    act to amend the Education Law.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 

 3    last section.

 4                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

 5    act shall take effect immediately.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

 7    roll.

 8                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

10    the results.

11                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 58.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

13    is passed.

14                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

15    820, Senate Print 2416, by Senator Parker, an act 

16    to amend the Public Service Law.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Read the 

18    last section.

19                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 6.  This 

20    act shall take effect immediately.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

22    roll.

23                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

25    the results.


                                                               3829

 1                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 58.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

 3    is passed.

 4                 Senator Gianaris, that completes the 

 5    reading of today's calendar.

 6                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Let's go to the 

 7    controversial calendar, please.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 9    Secretary will ring the bell.

10                 The Secretary will read.

11                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

12    730, Senate Print 8877, by Senator Gianaris, an 

13    act to amend the Labor Law.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

15    Borrello, why do you rise?

16                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

17    would the sponsor yield for a question, please.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

19    sponsor yield? 

20                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yeah.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

22    sponsor yields.  

23                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Through you, 

24    Mr. President.  

25                 So I read this bill with some 


                                                               3830

 1    curiosity.  I'm trying to figure out what 

 2    exactly -- what problem it's trying to solve.  

 3    Could you just kind of explain to me what the 

 4    genesis -- you know, what brought this bill 

 5    about?  

 6                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Sure.  There is 

 7    a phenomenon called "ghost jobs."  And if you're 

 8    not familiar with it, I encourage you to do some 

 9    research.  It is one where a job is posted but 

10    the posting company has no real intention of 

11    filling the jobs.  

12                 And so people who are out of work, 

13    who are trying to plan their lives, who are 

14    seeking employment, will apply for these jobs 

15    when there is no real job that is pending to be 

16    filled.  

17                 And the companies do this in order 

18    to gather data on applicants, in order to create 

19    the impression of growth of their company when 

20    they're not really trying to hire.  There are 

21    various reasons why this is a thing that occurs.  

22                 But it is definitely a phenomenon 

23    that is growing and that we would solve for by 

24    requiring some very simple disclosures.

25                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 


                                                               3831

 1    will the sponsor continue to yield? 

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

 3    sponsor yield? 

 4                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mm-hmm.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 6    sponsor yields.  

 7                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   That's pretty 

 8    interesting.  So we're going to really try to 

 9    delve into the intent of someone that was 

10    intentionally trying to deceive someone.  

11                 As someone who's hired a lot of 

12    people over the years, you know, sometimes jobs 

13    don't get filled because the right person doesn't 

14    step forward, or you want to just make sure that 

15    you're always available to have a good person 

16    come forward.  

17                 So how are we going to determine the 

18    bad actors from people that just simply want to 

19    make sure that they are, you know, engaging in 

20    every opportunity to hire a good person?  

21                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   The bill is very 

22    simple.  It says if the job is for an immediate 

23    opening that is intended to be filled within 

24    90 days, that it certainly should say so.  This 

25    job is for -- I think the disclosure says, "This 


                                                               3832

 1    posting is for a current vacancy, the employer 

 2    intends to fill this position by such-and-such a 

 3    date."

 4                 If there's a job that they know will 

 5    be filled beyond a 90-day period, it will require 

 6    a disclosure saying that:  "This posting is for a 

 7    current vacancy; the employer intends to fill 

 8    this position for a date after such-and-such."

 9                 And if in fact it's just an 

10    open-ended job posting, which I think is the 

11    example you're referring to, it would require 

12    something to say "This posting is not for a 

13    current vacancy, but the employer is seeking 

14    resumes to review in the future when jobs do 

15    become available."

16                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

17    will the sponsor continue to yield?

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

19    sponsor yield?

20                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

22    sponsor yields.

23                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Well, but aren't 

24    you -- by giving a certain fill-by date within 

25    90 days, you're insinuating there has to be some 


                                                               3833

 1    kind of a guarantee.  So you have to be 

 2    guaranteed that you're going to actually fill a 

 3    position that you're looking for?  Sometimes you 

 4    just don't find the right person or at the -- you 

 5    know, at an affordable, you know, salary.  

 6                 How are we going to determine that 

 7    this is a guarantee?  

 8                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   There's no 

 9    guarantee required in this legislation.  In fact, 

10    it specifically says the employer intends for the 

11    position to be filled in 90 days or less.

12                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

13    will the sponsor continue to yield?

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

15    sponsor yield?

16                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

18    sponsor yields.  

19                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   So who's going 

20    to determine the intent, whether or not it was, 

21    you know, actually genuine or not?  

22                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   The Department 

23    of Labor would have enforcement powers.  If they 

24    believe that someone was violating this statute, 

25    then they could bring action.


                                                               3834

 1                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

 2    will the sponsor continue to yield? 

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

 4    sponsor yield?

 5                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 7    sponsor yields.  

 8                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   You know, I was 

 9    looking at the fines.  This is pretty excessive.  

10    A $2500 fine, and then that will double?  Even if 

11    it's remedied within 30 days, that fine still 

12    applies, and then it doubles to 5,000 after that?  

13    Doesn't it seem excessive and harsh for a job 

14    posting?

15                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I mean, I 

16    don't -- "no" is the short answer.  

17                 And if Senator Borrello thinks a 

18    company can't in 30 days have a posting taken 

19    down, then I don't really know what to tell him.  

20    It seems pretty reasonable that if you give 

21    someone a month's notice to take down a posting, 

22    they should be able to do it.

23                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

24    will the sponsor continue to yield? 

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 


                                                               3835

 1    sponsor yield?

 2                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 4    sponsor yields.  

 5                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   But doesn't your 

 6    bill say that even if they do take it down, 

 7    they're still subject to a $2500 fine?  If it's 

 8    beyond 30 days, then $5,000?  

 9                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes, you are 

10    asking about the increase in fines as the months 

11    roll on.  

12                 So yes, there would be an initial 

13    $2500 fine for a violation.  

14                 If the posts are taken down with a 

15    month of that notice, then that would be the end 

16    of it.

17                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

18    will the sponsor continue to yield?

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

20    sponsor yield?

21                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

23    sponsor yields.

24                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   One of my peeves 

25    with a lot of the bills here is they don't 


                                                               3836

 1    distinguish between full-time equivalents, FTEs, 

 2    and people.  

 3                 You know, this says a hundred people 

 4    or a hundred employees.  So I know you're trying 

 5    to set a threshold that you have to be a business 

 6    that employs a hundred people or more.  But, you 

 7    know, there's a lot of companies out there, you 

 8    know, like myself that are part-time seasonal 

 9    businesses.  

10                 Does this contemplate FTEs or just 

11    the number of people?  

12                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Just employees, 

13    which is the standard definition we use to 

14    delineate what's a small business versus a large 

15    business.

16                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

17    will the sponsor continue to yield?

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Does the 

19    sponsor yield?

20                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

22    sponsor yields.  

23                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   So does this 

24    apply to just like a minimum-wage job?  A 

25    part-time, you know, minimum-wage job, this would 


                                                               3837

 1    still apply?  There's no threshold where we're -- 

 2    you know, you're going after a professional 

 3    person that's making a six-figure salary?  

 4                 What's the determining factor here 

 5    as to what would be considered, you know, a 

 6    violation worthy of a punishment of $2500?

 7                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   There's no 

 8    salary threshold in this, in the legislation.  It 

 9    would apply across the board.  In fact, people 

10    that are applying for minimum-wage jobs would 

11    perhaps be more in need of protection than people 

12    who would be seeking higher-paying jobs.

13                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

14    will the sponsor continue to yield?

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

16    sponsor yield?

17                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

19    sponsor yields.

20                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Through you, 

21    Mr. President.  So you're going to allow -- 

22    you're basically going to task the Department of 

23    Labor -- this could be very I think 

24    labor-intensive, no pun intended, for the 

25    Department of Labor, because you're allowing 


                                                               3838

 1    really any aggrieved person to report this, and 

 2    an investigation has to be, you know, commenced 

 3    after that.  

 4                 I mean, so you see a job posting for 

 5    a job that maybe you weren't even going to apply 

 6    for, and now we're going to create an 

 7    investigation by the Department of Labor?  Is 

 8    that what this bill would do?

 9                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I don't believe 

10    it would require an investigation if the 

11    department's incapable of conducting one.  

12                 But it authorizes them to conduct 

13    investigations.

14                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

15    will the sponsor continue to yield?

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

17    sponsor yield?

18                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

20    sponsor yields.

21                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   You're an 

22    attorney, I'm not.  But doesn't this bill kind of 

23    create some legal ambiguity around what an 

24    employer intends to do?  

25                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Uh, no.


                                                               3839

 1                 (Laughter.)

 2                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

 3    will the sponsor continue to yield?

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

 5    sponsor yield?

 6                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 8    sponsor yields.  

 9                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Why?

10                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Every law we 

11    pass requires an intentional -- well, not every 

12    one, but predominantly the laws we pass require 

13    an intentional violation.  I am a lawyer.  It's 

14    called mens rea, right, in the legal jargon, 

15    because we don't want to punish people when they 

16    do things that they don't intend to do.  Right?  

17                 And so that is so much of the 

18    statutes of our state and every state, and the 

19    nation, and the world, require an intent to 

20    commit the crime.  And so that is -- or not 

21    crime, a violation in this case.  

22                 That is just a part of 

23    jurisprudence.  So I understand you're not a 

24    lawyer, but you've probably got some surrounding 

25    you you can ask.


                                                               3840

 1                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   A few.

 2                 Mr. President, will the sponsor 

 3    continue to yield?

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

 5    sponsor yield?

 6                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   No.  Uh, yes, 

 7    I'm sorry.  

 8                 (Laughter.)

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

10    sponsor does indeed yield.  

11                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   It's not that 

12    late.

13                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   We're almost 

14    there, Borrello, but not yet.

15                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Through you, 

16    Mr. President.  

17                 So I know you say we don't want 

18    to -- you know, if somebody did something 

19    unintentionally, that we don't want to punish 

20    them for it.  But again, I'm not a legal expert 

21    here, but what is to stop -- who is determining 

22    whether or not it was intentionally done or not?  

23                 You know, I just think that's an 

24    ambiguity in itself.  You could have, you know, 

25    someone that -- you know, whatever, the job 


                                                               3841

 1    posting company or the publication that they use 

 2    left it up longer, or maybe they're using a 

 3    company that hires people for them, a head 

 4    hunter.  Who's liable, then, if that was the 

 5    case -- 

 6                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   The --

 7                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   -- the company 

 8    or the company hired?  

 9                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Sorry to 

10    interrupt.  

11                 That's a determination for the  

12    enforcing authority whose decision could be 

13    challenged in court if the aggrieved party sees 

14    fit to do so.  

15                 I would point out to 

16    Senator Borrello the intent requirement is 

17    intended to protect someone who might be accused 

18    of violating the law.  So if he wants to remove 

19    that to make it cleaner, he could put in a bill 

20    to amend this further.  But I think the people 

21    you are trying to protect would be further hurt 

22    by that.

23                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

24    will the sponsor continue to yield?

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 


                                                               3842

 1    sponsor yield?

 2                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 4    sponsor yields.  

 5                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   I think this 

 6    is my -- I guess this is my last question here.

 7                 Has there been an outcry about 

 8    ghost jobs?  Where have we heard this -- you 

 9    know, this is the first time I'm hearing about 

10    this.  I'm an employer, I'm a member of the NFIB, 

11    the New York State Restaurant Association.  I'd 

12    never even heard of ghost jobs before I saw this 

13    bill.  

14                 So is there a real outcry?  Are we 

15    really looking -- is this a problem that's really 

16    out there to be solved?

17                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

18                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   That long 

19    question, I only get one word for a response?  

20                 All right.  Mr. President, on the 

21    bill.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

23    Borrello on the bill.  

24                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   You know, this 

25    bill does what a lot of other bills that we've 


                                                               3843

 1    passed in this chamber do, and that is create a 

 2    private right of action.  

 3                 So I'm not much concerned, quite 

 4    frankly, about someone who is truly, you know -- 

 5    I guess duped, if you will, that they thought the 

 6    job was open, they applied for the job and they 

 7    never heard.  

 8                 But I am worried about, once again, 

 9    creating an opportunity for someone to create a 

10    class-action lawsuit and getting a lot of small 

11    companies in particular, because 100 FTEs 

12    wouldn't necessarily mean 100 full-time 

13    employees, it might mean 10 or 20 employees.  

14                 You know, it might mean somebody, 

15    quite frankly, that, you know, doesn't 

16    necessarily have a huge business but has a lot of 

17    labor, like a restaurant.  I can speak from 

18    personal -- I guess personal experience there.  

19                 But what we're really doing here is 

20    we're in search of a solution for a problem that 

21    really doesn't exist, in my opinion.  And at a 

22    very, very hefty fine.  

23                 This is going to create what I would 

24    consider to be a bounty hunter situation, where 

25    we're going to have attorneys out there combing 


                                                               3844

 1    through all the job postings, whether it be on 

 2    social media or in a newspaper or some kind of a 

 3    job site, and then we're going to start creating 

 4    lawsuits and, you know, issues like that that 

 5    make it harder and harder and more expensive to 

 6    do business here.

 7                 This is why New York State is 

 8    consistently at the bottom of every list when it 

 9    comes to businesses, as a friendly place to do 

10    business.  We rank 41st out of 50 states in the 

11    country for starting a new business, 41st for the 

12    great Empire State.  We make it harder and harder 

13    for people to be able to just have a business, be 

14    profitable, employ people, and have a -- make a 

15    living for themselves and the people and the 

16    families that they support in their business.

17                 And this is just another step in 

18    that direction, unfortunately.  I just don't see 

19    this as something -- a problem that is worthy of 

20    such a hefty, severe fine -- $2500, $5,000 for 

21    posting a job for a little too long?  That seems 

22    excessive to me.  

23                 As a small business owner, I can 

24    tell you -- as a member of the NFIB, who also has 

25    big problems with this, I can tell you this is 


                                                               3845

 1    already a difficult place to do business.  Let's 

 2    not make it even more difficult with such a heavy 

 3    burden like this bill.

 4                 So I'll be voting no.  Thank you.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Thank 

 6    you, Senator Borrello.  

 7                 Senator Murray, why do you rise?

 8                 SENATOR MURRAY:   Through you, 

 9    Mr. President, would the sponsor yield for a 

10    couple of questions?

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

12    sponsor yield?

13                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I do, yes.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

15    sponsor yields.  

16                 SENATOR MURRAY:   Thank you.  

17    Through you, Mr. President.  

18                 Just for clarification, I'm trying 

19    to get ahold of the time frames on -- so when it 

20    says that they must be clear about whether it's 

21    to be filled before 90 days or after 90 days, 

22    would that be solved easily by them simply saying 

23    "immediate openings"?

24                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I'm not sure I 

25    understand the question, Senator.


                                                               3846

 1                 SENATOR MURRAY:   So when the -- I'm 

 2    sorry, through you, Mr. President -- 

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

 4    Murray, please rephrase the question.

 5                 SENATOR MURRAY:   Sure.  

 6                 So in the -- you're placing an ad, 

 7    you have some openings, and you start your ad 

 8    with "immediate openings."  Would that cover the 

 9    time frame?

10                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   No, there's a 

11    very exact text that's in the legislation that 

12    they would have to use.

13                 SENATOR MURRAY:   Mr. President, 

14    will the sponsor continue to yield? 

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

16    sponsor yield?

17                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

19    sponsor yields.

20                 SENATOR MURRAY:   Thank you.  

21                 Through you, Mr. President.  I also 

22    just wanted to cover the fines, where it says a 

23    violation for each print publication or digital 

24    platform.  

25                 Many times you'll have a print 


                                                               3847

 1    publication that also offers the digital platform 

 2    as one.  So when you purchase the ad, it will go 

 3    in the print, also on the website or on the 

 4    digital platform.  

 5                 Would that count -- if there's a 

 6    violation, would it count as one or two?  

 7                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I'm sorry, I was 

 8    talking with staff.  Can you repeat that one more 

 9    time?

10                 SENATOR MURRAY:   Sure.  Through 

11    you, Mr. President --

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   By all 

13    means, Senator Murray.

14                 SENATOR MURRAY:   So many times when 

15    you place a help wanted ad, there is a print 

16    publication as well as a digital platform.  And 

17    you get it as one.  You purchase one ad, it goes 

18    on both.  

19                 For the violation purposes, if you 

20    were to be found in violation and you had it on 

21    both, is that one violation or two?  

22                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   That would be 

23    two.

24                 SENATOR MURRAY:   That would be two 

25    separate.  


                                                               3848

 1                 Thank you, Mr. President.  On the 

 2    bill.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

 4    Murray on the bill.

 5                 SENATOR MURRAY:   Thank you, 

 6    Senator Gianaris.  

 7                 The problem is real.  I was in this 

 8    business, I owned an employment newspaper and 

 9    website.  The problem is real, in that -- and it 

10    is very, very frustrating.  Some companies will 

11    place ads that either aren't real or for a ghost 

12    position.  Sometimes they'll place ads to gather 

13    information, to gather data that later they sell.

14                 I'm not saying this is right to do 

15    this.  I'm just wondering if the punishment may 

16    far exceed what's happening.  

17                 The problem is, as I said, 

18    frustrating.  That's about as far as it goes.  

19    It's not illegal.  It's not -- it's not putting 

20    anybody in jeopardy or anything.  It's just 

21    frustrating.  You see an ad, you send a resume 

22    in, you didn't hear anything back.  Two months go 

23    by, you still see the ad.  Well, what happened?  

24    Why didn't they get back to me?  So yes, it is 

25    frustrating.  


                                                               3849

 1                 Is it worth punishing people who are 

 2    employing people?  I'll give you an example.  

 3    You've got a company that gets a big contract, 

 4    they're a manufacturer.  They've got multiple 

 5    positions that they're hiring for, and they put 

 6    that ad in there that they have these multiple 

 7    positions.  

 8                 Well, they may fill some of them.  

 9    They may want to do it within 90 days.  They just 

10    can't.  Or maybe they're just going through the 

11    resumes very, very carefully and they want to get 

12    more.

13                 I'll give you another example.  Some 

14    publications, when it comes to employment, some 

15    are biweekly publications, some are monthly 

16    publications.  If you place an ad in a monthly 

17    print publication, once that ad is placed, you 

18    can't magically pull it out.  

19                 So if in fact it's found that the 

20    position was filled but the deadline passed, 

21    you're still running that ad for a full other 

22    month.  You didn't do anything wrong, you just 

23    missed the deadline because it was a monthly 

24    publication.  

25                 So 30 days really isn't very 


                                                               3850

 1    realistic.  But I'll tell you what, $2500 is very 

 2    realistic to the pockets of people -- of 

 3    companies that are trying to employ New Yorkers.

 4                 So I do think we should continue to 

 5    look at the problem, at the situation, and I 

 6    appreciate that that's what's being done.  But I 

 7    think the punishment here far, far outpaces the 

 8    so-called problem here.

 9                 So I'll be voting no.  Thank you.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Thank 

11    you, Senator Murray.

12                 Senator Tedisco, why do you rise?

13                 SENATOR TEDISCO:   Yeah, will the 

14    Met fan -- I mean Senator Gianaris rise?

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   As a 

16    Met fan, Senator Gianaris, do you yield?  

17                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I am both of 

18    those things, yes.

19                 SENATOR TEDISCO:   My condolences.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

21    Senator yields.  

22                 SENATOR TEDISCO:   The definition of 

23    employer here, is it for part-time or full-time 

24    employment, or both?  

25                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Both.


                                                               3851

 1                 SENATOR TEDISCO:   And if I was -- 

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

 3    Tedisco, are you on the bill or are you asking 

 4    the sponsor to yield?  

 5                 SENATOR TEDISCO:   You want to yield 

 6    again?  

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

 8    sponsor yield?

 9                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

11    sponsor yields.

12                 SENATOR TEDISCO:   And if I was just 

13    a citizen and I want somebody to mow my lawn and 

14    I put an advertisement in the paper, or come to 

15    my farm and clean up the horses and do some 

16    things around the farm -- not hiring them 

17    full-time, but maybe a one-time thing, would they 

18    have to stipulate anything about that?

19                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Only if you're 

20    hiring more than a hundred people.

21                 SENATOR TEDISCO:   A hundred people?

22                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

23                 SENATOR TEDISCO:   Yeah.  And --

24                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   It's a pretty 

25    big operation at that point.


                                                               3852

 1                 SENATOR TEDISCO:   Yeah, would the 

 2    gentleman yield again?

 3                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   It's a big lawn, 

 4    Senator Tedisco.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

 6    sponsor yield?

 7                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   You know, in the 

 8    city we don't have lawns that need 100 people to 

 9    mow them.  Maybe in Saratoga you do.

10                 Yes, I yield.  

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

12    sponsor yields.

13                 SENATOR TEDISCO:   So one of the 

14    things that upsets our constituents to the extent 

15    that -- they think we treat ourselves differently 

16    than we treat them sometimes.  Like, they have 

17    deadlines and when they have to get something 

18    done, they get it done on a deadline.  

19                 We have budgets.  When we've got to 

20    get it done in the last five years, we haven't 

21    got it done, we're late now.  

22                 I'm wondering, the State of New 

23    York, in all our divisions, and all of us in this 

24    room, when we put out advertisements to hire 

25    people, these stipulations would relate to us and 


                                                               3853

 1    the State of New York also, right?  Although 

 2    we're not a business, we shouldn't treat 

 3    ourselves any differently than the employees we 

 4    want to hire.  

 5                 So all the stipulations in this bill 

 6    relate to like the director of some organization 

 7    here, or a staffing need that we put out 

 8    advertisements, and they'd have the same 

 9    stipulations?  And you or I, if we wanted to hire 

10    a staff person and we put an advertisement out 

11    there, we'd have the same stipulations as the 

12    businesses would?  Does that bill cover that?  

13                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   No.

14                 SENATOR TEDISCO:   Okay, thank you.

15                 This is another illustration --

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

17    Tedisco, are you on the bill?

18                 SENATOR TEDISCO:   Yup.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

20    Tedisco on the bill.

21                 SENATOR TEDISCO:   -- another 

22    illustration of how we treat others in our state, 

23    which has forced them to walk out of the state 

24    and vote with their feet.  

25                 I mean, I can't express it enough.  


                                                               3854

 1    You know, you're going to treat businesses like 

 2    this, but then you're going to treat the 

 3    employees that we hire in the state and have the 

 4    opportunity to put these advertisements in 

 5    there -- and you know what?  I have my 

 6    constituents call me, and they say they go for 

 7    interviews, and the same thing you're talking 

 8    about that businesses might do, they're ghosting 

 9    and doing to some of my constituents in my 

10    district.  

11                 So why would you treat yourselves 

12    differently, or the State of New York 

13    differently, when you hire people?  You are 

14    employers, you're also elected officials, you're 

15    also representatives.  

16                 You're telling businesses:  You'd 

17    better not make any mistakes, you've got a 

18    certain number of days to get this done, you'd 

19    better be truthful, but you're treating the 

20    constituents, all the state people who we hire 

21    here, potentially, a little bit differently.  

22                 We can ghost them -- you can ghost 

23    them when you become their employer, with the 

24    employees, but the businesses in the state, 

25    they've got to have specific guidelines and 


                                                               3855

 1    mandates.  And these specific guidelines and 

 2    mandates are the reason why people are voting 

 3    with their feet.

 4                 And remember what the situation is.  

 5    You're projected to lose two or three in the next 

 6    counting procedure, census.  And every 

 7    two minutes and 24 seconds, somebody leaves the 

 8    State of New York, because of this.

 9                 You're an employer, everybody who 

10    hires somebody in our state agencies are 

11    employers.  You want to treat businesses like 

12    this, give them guidelines, give them more 

13    mandates, and they're going to pack up and walk 

14    out.  

15                 And then the Governor last year, who 

16    says I don't care if millionaires leave the State 

17    of New York, what do I care if they don't like -- 

18    but then last week she was on her knees, please 

19    come back, we need your dollars.  

20                 Why do they need the dollars and 

21    their money?  Because of spending that takes 

22    place, because of the taxes in New York State, 

23    because of energy policies that are ridiculous.  

24    And she's pointed them out with a memo from her 

25    own office.  And that's part of why we're here 


                                                               3856

 1    today with a late budget, the fifth year in a 

 2    row.  We couldn't do the number-one thing that's 

 3    probably most important by our constitution:  A 

 4    good, balanced, on-time budget to keep people in 

 5    New York State and attract them to come here.

 6                 And again, I'll tell you, it's not 

 7    to South Carolina or Florida or Texas.  Things 

 8    like this bill, what you're doing to businesses 

 9    and jobs in New York State -- it's Connecticut, 

10    it's Pennsylvania, it's New Jersey.  They're 

11    leaving the state in droves.  

12                 Stop this.  Please, treat yourselves 

13    in the State of New York like you're treating 

14    your constituents, or do better for them like 

15    you're doing better for yourself.

16                 Thank you, Mr. President.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Thank 

18    you, Senator Tedisco.

19                 Are there any other Senators wishing 

20    to be heard?

21                 Seeing and hearing none, debate is 

22    closed.

23                 The Secretary will ring the bell.

24                 Senator Gianaris.

25                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   We've agreed to 


                                                               3857

 1    restore this bill to the noncontroversial 

 2    calendar.  

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   On 

 4    consent, the bill is restored to the 

 5    noncontroversial calendar.

 6                 Read the last section.

 7                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

 8    act shall take effect immediately.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

10    roll.

11                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

13    Gianaris to explain his vote.

14                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Thank you, 

15    Mr. President.  

16                 As an initial matter, I'm fascinated 

17    by how Senator Tedisco is hiring a hundred 

18    lawn-mowers when he hasn't got a paycheck in a 

19    month.  But I can ask him that offline.  

20                 And I appreciate that 

21    Senator Borrello doesn't have a great knowledge 

22    of the legal system in our state.  But there is 

23    no private right of action in this bill.  A 

24    private right of action is when an individual is 

25    empowered to bring suit him or herself against a 


                                                               3858

 1    violation.  

 2                 This would have to go through the 

 3    Department of Labor, so there is not in fact a 

 4    private right of action provided for in this 

 5    bill.

 6                 Also, I appreciate that his own 

 7    colleagues contradicted him about whether this is 

 8    a real problem or not.  Senator Borrello pointed 

 9    out that he didn't think this was something he's 

10    ever heard of.  

11                 Senator Murray, who I appreciate his 

12    recognition of the problem being a real one that 

13    a lot of people who are frustrated deal with 

14    it -- it may seem like it's just a frustration 

15    and nothing more, but if you're unemployed and 

16    looking for a job, I guarantee you that if you 

17    have to wait around for a job that doesn't exist, 

18    it's more than just a frustration.

19                 And let's talk about the burdens on 

20    businesses.  Let's be serious.  We're talking 

21    about a sentence in a job posting.  It either 

22    says the job is open right now, we hope to fill 

23    it within three months, the job's going to be 

24    open after three months and we'll fill it then, 

25    or we're not sure when the job is going to be 


                                                               3859

 1    open, but we're collecting resumes.  

 2                 That's all this bill says, one of 

 3    those three things, when you post a job, just say 

 4    that.  I don't think it's a tremendous burden on 

 5    a business that employs over a hundred people to 

 6    add one sentence to a job posting.  

 7                 I vote yes, Mr. President.  

 8                 Thank you.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

10    Gianaris to be recorded in the affirmative.

11                 Senator Murray to explain his vote.

12                 SENATOR MURRAY:   Thank you, 

13    Mr. President.  

14                 I appreciate what the sponsor is 

15    saying there, but it's more than just a sentence.  

16    Because if you put that sentence in and don't 

17    fill it within that time frame, then it's a 

18    violation -- that can cost you $2500, $5,000 

19    because you're trying to hire someone?  

20                 I don't think we want to punish 

21    employers.  So for that reason I'm voting no.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

23    Murray to be recorded in the negative.

24                 Announce the results.

25                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 


                                                               3860

 1    Calendar 730, voting in the negative are 

 2    Senators Ashby, Borrello, Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick, 

 3    Chan, Gallivan, Griffo, Helming, Mattera, Murray, 

 4    O'Mara, Ortt, Palumbo, Rhoads, Rolison, Tedisco, 

 5    Walczyk, Weber and Weik.  Also Senator Martins.

 6                 Ayes, 39.  Nays, 19.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

 8    is passed.

 9                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

10    789, Senate Print 441A, by Senator Myrie, an act 

11    to amend the Election Law.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

13    Walczyk, why do you rise?

14                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Mr. President, I 

15    hope the sponsor would yield.  

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

17    sponsor yield?

18                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

20    sponsor yields.  

21                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Through you, 

22    Mr. President.  

23                 So the John R. Lewis Voting 

24    Rights Act provides for assistance for language 

25    minority groups currently.  That's under 


                                                               3861

 1    Section 17-208 of Election Law.

 2                 What does this bill change?

 3                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Through you, 

 4    Mr. President.  It adds two groups to the 

 5    language minority and protected class, language 

 6    minority groups, to the language assistance 

 7    requirement.  

 8                 Those two groups are the Haitian 

 9    Creole and Middle Eastern and North African, 

10    which has been recognized by the federal 

11    government as its own separate category worthy of 

12    recognition.

13                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Would the sponsor 

14    continue to yield?

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

16    sponsor yield?

17                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

19    sponsor yields.

20                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Through you, 

21    Mr. President.  

22                 So adding Haitian Creole as well as 

23    Middle East and North African, as you were 

24    pointing out, has been newly defined.  

25                 And currently in the John R. Lewis 


                                                               3862

 1    Voting Rights Act, if there's greater than 

 2    2 percent of those groups or greater than 

 3    4,000 individuals in a political subdivision, 

 4    they would qualify for the language assistance 

 5    from boards of elections.  

 6                 What languages in these new 

 7    additions -- obviously Haitian Creole, as you've 

 8    named it.  What languages would boards of 

 9    elections have to be prepared to provide all of 

10    that material for if this bill becomes law?

11                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Through you, 

12    Mr. President.  In the instance of Middle 

13    Eastern/North African or MEAN, as it is 

14    affectionately called, we have in this bill not 

15    specified all of the languages, as it is not on 

16    the federal level exhausted in the explanation of 

17    where those countries of origin or languages may 

18    be.

19                 However, if you look at where the 

20    State of New York is on the top languages that 

21    are spoken, Arabic happens to be one of those top 

22    languages.  

23                 And if we approximate the 

24    information already provided by OGS on its 

25    Language Diversity Dashboard, I would just note 


                                                               3863

 1    that the state already provides language access 

 2    in 50 state agencies for these top languages, of 

 3    which Arabic is one.  We would add some counties 

 4    to this language assistance requirement.

 5                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   And through you, 

 6    Mr. President, would the sponsor continue to 

 7    yield?

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

 9    sponsor yield?

10                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

12    sponsor yields.

13                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   So of the 

14    additional languages that we might be adding 

15    here, what's the trigger?  Is it on the language 

16    proficiency and the actual language that people 

17    are speaking?  Or is it based on the census 

18    number, you know, based on Statistical Policy 

19    Directive 15?  Which you point to in your bill, 

20    and that's the change that you articulated here 

21    on the floor that's adding the new check block in 

22    the census for Middle Eastern and North African.  

23                 Will it be any of the -- will it be 

24    a language trigger within those nations that have 

25    been described by the federal government?  Or 


                                                               3864

 1    will it be the number of people that have checked 

 2    that block within a census tract and then a 

 3    political subdivision?  What's the trigger?  

 4                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Through you, 

 5    Mr. President.  This is not wholly tied to the 

 6    census numbers.  It refers to the census by way 

 7    of the American Community Survey, as ACS defines 

 8    language minorities and limited English 

 9    proficient.  That is the language that is used in 

10    the statute, and that would be how we would 

11    categorize.

12                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   And would the 

13    sponsor continue to yield?  

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

15    sponsor yield?

16                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

18    sponsor yields.  

19                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Through you, 

20    Mr. President.  Yeah, the question is still the 

21    same.  

22                 So if in the American Community 

23    Survey that's scheduled to go out in 2027, if 

24    they've surveyed the political subdivisions of 

25    the State of New York and have found 2 percent or 


                                                               3865

 1    4,000, which are the thresholds in the John R. 

 2    Lewis Voting Rights Act, if they've found those 

 3    thresholds to exceed the 2 percent or the 4,000, 

 4    does that mean they'll be providing for all of 

 5    the languages of all of those countries that are 

 6    of Middle Eastern and North African descent?  Or 

 7    is there a particular language or will it be 

 8    language-based to find that 2 percent or that 

 9    4,000?

10                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Through you, 

11    Mr. President.  I think I understand the question 

12    now, and I think it is a determination that would 

13    have to be made by the boards of elections.  

14                 The requirement of providing 

15    materials, et cetera, that would make it easier 

16    for eligible voters to access the ballot I think 

17    could be determined by the Board of Elections' 

18    own experience with limited English proficient 

19    voters and speakers.  

20                 And I think we have some of that 

21    information by way of what the state already 

22    collects through its language access requirement 

23    for all of the other state agencies.  

24                 So it could be the case that there 

25    would be more than one language under the MEAN 


                                                               3866

 1    requirement, should this become law, but that 

 2    would be a determination made by the local board.

 3                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Briefly on the 

 4    bill, Mr. President.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

 6    Walczyk on the bill.

 7                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   So the countries 

 8    that have been listed in Statistical Policy 

 9    Directive 15, which the sponsor refers to here 

10    and has an impact on the bill that's before us, 

11    those countries are Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, 

12    Morocco, Iran, Israel, Palestine, Iraq, 

13    Kurdish -- which is not a nation -- and others.  

14                 But of those, many languages 

15    spoken -- French, Arabic, Armenian, Kurdish, 

16    Aramaic, Coptic, Berber, Spanish, Farsi, Luri, 

17    Asuri, Balochi, Hebrew, Russian, Yiddish, 

18    Ladino -- the list goes on.  So I think, if I 

19    would ask the sponsor to yield -- 

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

21    sponsor again yield?

22                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

24    sponsor yields.

25                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   I think for 


                                                               3867

 1    purposes -- through you, Mr. President, for 

 2    purposes of providing your intent to the Board of 

 3    Elections, if we're going to allow the Board of 

 4    Elections to determine whether it's the number of 

 5    people that are from this region that the federal 

 6    government is now going to count and account for 

 7    and provide data for, would you provide some 

 8    intent as to whether it's to meet the threshold 

 9    for those languages within that region or whether 

10    it's that region at large?  

11                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.  Through you, 

12    Mr. President.  In both cases, whether it is a 

13    language minority group or a language by way of 

14    limited English proficiency, both of those make 

15    reference to language and what is spoken.  

16                 And it is our intent that if you are 

17    a limited English proficient speaker, if you 

18    speak another language but are eligible to vote, 

19    and you hit certain thresholds, that you would 

20    have the materials provided by the Board of 

21    Elections to help you.

22                 So if that happens to be other 

23    languages that grow, as the Haitian Creole 

24    speaker population has grown, as the 

25    Arabic-speaking population has grown, and 


                                                               3868

 1    certainly as other language speakers will be 

 2    growing in our electorate, it is our intent to 

 3    provide as much access as they are eligible for.

 4                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   And, 

 5    Mr. President, will the sponsor continue to 

 6    yield?

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

 8    sponsor yield?

 9                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

11    sponsor yields.

12                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   So then now that 

13    we have this new region -- through you, 

14    Mr. President.  So now that we have this new 

15    region that we'll be considering under the 

16    John R. Lewis Voting Rights Act, and providing 

17    those services, why not just, with such a 

18    plethora of languages, why not open it up to all 

19    languages of the globe, with the same thresholds 

20    that you've proposed?

21                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Through you, 

22    Mr. President, I welcome my good colleague from 

23    the other side of the aisle, should he be so 

24    moved to open up language access for as many 

25    New York voters as possible, to introduce 


                                                               3869

 1    legislation to that effect.

 2                 This is not meant to be a limiting 

 3    principle, but to recognize growing population 

 4    and language speakers in this state.  And it is 

 5    not meant or intended to be an exhaustive or 

 6    final list.  It is a a list that recognizes the 

 7    current growing patterns in our state.

 8                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Mr. President, 

 9    would the sponsor continue to yield.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

11    sponsor yield?

12                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

14    sponsor yields.  

15                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   It is inclusive 

16    for some, but not for all.  And my question is 

17    why.

18                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Through you, 

19    Mr. President, this bill addresses two growing 

20    language-speaking populations.  I am happy to 

21    hear that you support a New York for All and, 

22    again, would welcome you to introduce legislation 

23    to that effect that would open up access to more 

24    languages more specifically.

25                 This is not a limiting bill.  This 


                                                               3870

 1    would not prevent us from expanding this list.  

 2    But if you look at the languages that are spoken 

 3    in this state, the languages that we already are 

 4    required to provide language access for outside 

 5    of ballot access, these are two languages that 

 6    are growing.  And that's why we are trying to 

 7    provide more access.

 8                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Mr. President, 

 9    would the sponsor continue to yield.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

11    sponsor yield?

12                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

14    sponsor yields.

15                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Why countries of 

16    origin and heritage rather than judging the 

17    English proficiency of a region?

18                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Through you, 

19    Mr. President.  We are matching what the federal 

20    definition of MEAN is.

21                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Mr. President, 

22    would the sponsor continue to yield?  

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

24    sponsor yield?

25                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.


                                                               3871

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 2    sponsor yields.  

 3                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Through you, 

 4    Mr. President.  Only citizens have the right to 

 5    vote in New York State.  There is an English 

 6    proficiency portion of a naturalization process.  

 7                 Does New York City already provide 

 8    assistance for Haitian Creole and for Arabic?

 9                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Through you, 

10    Mr. President, yes.

11                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Mr. President, 

12    would the sponsor continue to yield.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

14    sponsor yield?

15                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

17    sponsor yields.

18                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Are there 

19    populations outside of New York City that you 

20    anticipate that this will impact?

21                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Through you, 

22    Mr. President, there may be.  It depends on what 

23    the demographic changes that may occur in the 

24    future.  

25                 But if you reference the OGS 


                                                               3872

 1    Language Diversity Dashboard and look at both of 

 2    these groups, whether it's Haitian Creole or 

 3    Arabic, for instance, you would see that in 

 4    Kings County, Queens County, Rockland County and 

 5    Nassau County, they potentially might have a 

 6    Haitian Creole-speaking population that would be 

 7    triggered.  For Arabic, the two -- or the three, 

 8    rather, would be Kings, Queens and potentially 

 9    Erie County that might be included.

10                 But I don't want to say that with 

11    any finality.  This would be up to the local 

12    boards of elections to determine.  

13                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Mr. President, 

14    would the sponsor continue to yield.  

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

16    sponsor yield?

17                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

19    sponsor yields.

20                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   You continue to 

21    say Haitian Creole and Arabic.  But earlier in 

22    debate we talked about the threshold meeting any 

23    of the other languages in various nations that 

24    are included in this new way to account for 

25    people's heritage.


                                                               3873

 1                 Is -- why not outline Arabic 

 2    specifically, if that's your intent?  

 3                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Through you, 

 4    Mr. President.  I was using Arabic to be 

 5    illustrative in response to your question.  

 6                 As I have stated previously, the 

 7    definition here, and referenced in the bill, 

 8    refers to the federal definition, because for a 

 9    long time MEAN was not its own category and MEAN 

10    was looped in with categorizing yourself as white 

11    for purposes of data collection.  

12                 Because this was a recent change on 

13    the federal level, we thought it important for us 

14    to incorporate that for language access purposes 

15    in this bill.

16                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Mr. President, 

17    would the sponsor continue to yield?  

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

19    sponsor yield?

20                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

22    sponsor yields.  

23                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   You mentioned 

24    some additional jurisdictions outside of New York 

25    City.  


                                                               3874

 1                 Has a fiscal analysis been done for 

 2    how much this would cost those municipalities to 

 3    implement?

 4                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Through you, 

 5    Mr. President.  There has not been a fiscal 

 6    analysis done.  We believe that the 

 7    responsibilities placed on the boards of 

 8    elections would be able to be resourced.  

 9                 And as I have for the entirety of my 

10    career here in the Senate, I continue to advocate 

11    for more money for our local boards of elections.

12                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   And, 

13    Mr. President, would the sponsor continue to 

14    yield?  

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

16    sponsor yield?

17                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

19    sponsor yields.

20                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Through you, 

21    Mr. President.  

22                 So I think in your last response 

23    you've answered this next question.  But can we 

24    anticipate that that will be on the local 

25    property taxpayers' funding for their local board 


                                                               3875

 1    of elections to meet these new requirements?

 2                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Through you, 

 3    Mr. President, we cannot anticipate that.

 4                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Mr. President, 

 5    will the sponsor continue to yield?

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

 7    sponsor yield?

 8                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

10    sponsor yields.  

11                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Through you, 

12    Mr. President.  Is there a separate pot of money 

13    that we can anticipate as available for boards of 

14    elections to meet the new compliance here?

15                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Through you, 

16    Mr. President.  We continue to advocate for more 

17    resources for our local boards.  I think this 

18    majority, by way of budgets of years past, have 

19    increased the funding going to our local boards 

20    of elections.  

21                 We make changes to the Election Law 

22    every single year, in some years more than 

23    others, and our boards of elections have done 

24    their best to keep up with those changes and to 

25    try to comport with the law.  And we don't 


                                                               3876

 1    anticipate that this would be any different.  

 2                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Mr. President, 

 3    would the sponsor continue to yield?  

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

 5    sponsor yield? 

 6                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Yes.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 8    sponsor yields.  

 9                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   So the federal 

10    government will implement the new Statistical 

11    Policy Directive 15 in their 2027 Community 

12    Survey.  But this bill goes into effect a year 

13    after it becomes law.  

14                 How can boards of elections comply 

15    with data that hasn't yet been created by the 

16    federal government?

17                 SENATOR MYRIE:   Through you, 

18    Mr. President.  The requirement from the federal 

19    government in the Policy Order SP 15 is a request 

20    for agencies to inform them on how they plan to 

21    comply.

22                 It is not a -- it does not require 

23    them to wait a year until they implement, but 

24    simply to by the year's end inform them how they 

25    have either implemented or plan to implement.


                                                               3877

 1                 So I don't think that SP 15 serves 

 2    as a barrier to our local boards of elections 

 3    determining what languages may fulfill this bill.

 4                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Thank you, 

 5    Mr. President.  On the bill.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

 7    Walczyk on the bill.

 8                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   I appreciate your 

 9    answers.

10                 To become a naturalized citizen, you 

11    do have to pass an English proficiency test.  

12    This bill picks some languages to assist 

13    non-proficient-in-English citizens with 

14    assistance, but it ignores others.  

15                 Rather than providing select groups 

16    to help vote based on their first language, we 

17    should be making elections free and fair for 

18    everybody.  

19                 We also shouldn't be burdening local 

20    government with additional unfunded mandates.  

21                 We also shouldn't be constantly 

22    changing the rules of our elections to curry 

23    favor with singular groups, to elevate one 

24    political party over the other to a political 

25    end.


                                                               3878

 1                 I therefore will be voting no and 

 2    encourage my colleagues to do the same.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Thank 

 4    you, Senator Walczyk.

 5                 Are there any other Senators wishing 

 6    to be heard?

 7                 Seeing and hearing none, debate is 

 8    closed.

 9                 The Secretary will ring the bell.

10                 Senator Gianaris.

11                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President, 

12    we have agreed to restore this bill to the 

13    noncontroversial calendar.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   On 

15    consent, it has been agreed that this bill will 

16    be restored to the noncontroversial calendar.

17                 Read the last section.

18                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

19    act shall take effect one year after it shall 

20    have become a law.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

22    roll.

23                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Announce 

25    the results.  


                                                               3879

 1                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

 2    Calendar 789, voting in the negative are 

 3    Senators Borrello, Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick, Chan, 

 4    Gallivan, Griffo, Helming, Lanza, Martins, 

 5    Mattera, Murray, O'Mara, Ortt, Rhoads, Walczyk 

 6    and Weik.

 7                 Ayes, 43.  Nays, 15.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The bill 

 9    is passed.

10                 Senator Gianaris, that completes the 

11    reading of today's controversial calendar.

12                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Is there any 

13    further business at the desk?

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   There is 

15    no further business at the desk.

16                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I move to 

17    adjourn until tomorrow, Wednesday, April 29th, at 

18    11:00 a.m.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   On 

20    motion, the Senate stands adjourned until 

21    Wednesday, April 29th, at 11:00 a.m. 

22                 Let's go, Knicks!

23                 (Whereupon, the Senate adjourned at 

24    5:01 p.m.) 

25