S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
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2812
2009-2010 Regular Sessions
I N A S S E M B L Y
January 21, 2009
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Introduced by M. of A. SCHIMMINGER, GABRYSZAK -- Multi-Sponsored by --
M. of A. ABBATE, FIELDS, TOWNS -- read once and referred to the
Committee on Codes
AN ACT to amend the penal law and the criminal procedure law, in
relation to a killing that is preceded by and is the product of a
pattern of domestic violence and sentencing procedures for murder in
the first degree
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Subparagraph (xiii) of paragraph (a) of subdivision 1 of
section 125.27 of the penal law, as added by chapter 300 of the laws of
2001, is amended and a new subparagraph (xiv) is added to read as
follows:
(xiii) the victim was killed in furtherance of an act of terrorism, as
defined in paragraph (b) of subdivision one of section 490.05 of this
chapter; [and] OR
(XIV) THE KILLING IS PRECEDED BY, AND IS THE PRODUCT OF, A PATTERN OF
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE. AS USED IN THIS SUBPARAGRAPH, "DOMESTIC VIOLENCE"
MEANS ABUSE COMMITTED AGAINST AN ADULT OR A MINOR WHO IS A SPOUSE,
FORMER SPOUSE, COHABITANT, FORMER COHABITANT, OR PERSON WITH WHOM THE
SUSPECT HAS A CHILD OR IS HAVING OR HAS HAD A DATING OR ENGAGEMENT
RELATIONSHIP. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH, "COHABITANT" MEANS TWO
UNRELATED ADULT PERSONS LIVING TOGETHER FOR A SUBSTANTIAL PERIOD OF
TIME, RESULTING IN SOME PERMANENCY OF RELATIONSHIP. FACTORS THAT MAY
DETERMINE WHETHER PERSONS ARE COHABITATING INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED
TO, (1) SEXUAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE PARTIES WHILE SHARING THE SAME
LIVING QUARTERS, (2) SHARING OF INCOME OR EXPENSES, (3) JOINT USE OR
OWNERSHIP OF PROPERTY, (4) WHETHER OR NOT THE PARTIES HOLD THEMSELVES
OUT AS HUSBAND AND WIFE, (5) THE CONTINUITY OF THE RELATIONSHIP, AND (6)
THE LENGTH OF THE RELATIONSHIP; "ABUSE" MEANS INTENTIONALLY OR RECKLESS-
LY CAUSING OR ATTEMPTING TO CAUSE BODILY INJURY, OR PLACING ANOTHER
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD03800-01-9
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PERSON IN REASONABLE APPREHENSION OF IMMINENT SERIOUS BODILY INJURY TO
HIMSELF OR HERSELF, OR ANOTHER; AND "PATTERN" MEANS AT LEAST THREE PRIOR
INCIDENTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE. (IT SHALL NOT BE NECESSARY THAT THE
DEFENDANT HAVE BEEN CHARGED OR CONVICTED OF SUCH INCIDENTS); A VIOLATION
OF A PROTECTIVE ORDER, RETRAINING ORDER, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ORDER OR
SIMILAR INJUNCTION ISSUED BY A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION SHALL
CONSTITUTE AN INCIDENT OF "DOMESTIC VIOLENCE"; AND
S 2. Subdivision 1 of section 400.27 of the criminal procedure law, as
added by chapter 1 of the laws of 1995, is amended to read as follows:
1. Upon [the] conviction of a defendant for the offense of murder in
the first degree as defined by section 125.27 of the penal law, the
court shall promptly conduct a separate sentencing proceeding to deter-
mine whether the defendant shall be sentenced to death or to life impri-
sonment without parole pursuant to subdivision five of section 70.00 of
the penal law, OR TO A SENTENCE OF IMPRISONMENT FOR THE CLASS A-I FELONY
OF MURDER IN THE FIRST DEGREE OTHER THAN A SENTENCE OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT
WITHOUT PAROLE. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to preclude the
people at any time from determining that the death penalty shall not be
sought in a particular case, in which case the separate sentencing
proceeding shall not be conducted and the court may sentence such
defendant to life imprisonment without parole or to a sentence of impri-
sonment for the class A-I felony of murder in the first degree other
than a sentence of life imprisonment without parole.
S 3. Subdivision 10 of section 400.27 of the criminal procedure law,
as added by chapter 1 of the laws of 1995, is amended to read as
follows:
10. (A) At the conclusion of all the evidence, the people and the
defendant may present argument in summation for or against the sentence
sought by the people. The people may deliver the first summation and the
defendant may then deliver the last summation. Thereafter, the court
shall deliver a charge to the jury on any matters appropriate in the
circumstances. In its charge, the court must instruct the jury that with
respect to each count of murder in the first degree the jury should
consider whether or not a sentence of death should be imposed and wheth-
er or not a sentence of life imprisonment without parole should be
imposed[,] and [that the jury must be unanimous with respect to either
sentence. The court must also instruct the jury that in the event the
jury fails to reach unanimous agreement with respect to the sentence,
the court will sentence the defendant to a term of imprisonment with a
minimum term of between twenty and twenty-five years and a maximum term
of life. Following the court's charge, the jury shall retire to consider
the sentence to be imposed. Unless inconsistent with the provisions of
this section, the provisions of sections 310.10, 310.20 and 310.30 shall
govern the deliberations of the jury] WHETHER OR NOT A SENTENCE TO A
TERM OF IMPRISONMENT WITH A MINIMUM TERM OF BETWEEN TWENTY AND
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS, TO BE DETERMINED BY THE COURT, AND A MAXIMUM TERM OF
LIFE IMPRISONMENT SHOULD BE IMPOSED.
(B) THE COURT MUST INSTRUCT THE JURY THAT THE JURY MUST BE UNANIMOUS
WITH RESPECT TO THE SENTENCE TO BE IMPOSED. THE COURT MUST ALSO INSTRUCT
THE JURY THAT IN THE EVENT THAT THE JURY FAILS TO REACH UNANIMOUS AGREE-
MENT WITH RESPECT TO THE SENTENCE, THE COURT WILL SENTENCE THE DEFENDANT
TO A TERM OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT WITHOUT PAROLE.
(C) FOLLOWING THE COURT'S CHARGE, THE JURY SHALL RETIRE TO CONSIDER
THE SENTENCE TO BE IMPOSED. UNLESS INCONSISTENT WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
THIS SECTION, THE PROVISIONS OF SECTIONS 310.10, 310.20 AND 310.30 OF
THIS CHAPTER SHALL GOVERN THE DELIBERATIONS OF THE JURY.
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S 4. Subdivision 11 of section 400.27 of the criminal procedure law,
as added by chapter 1 of the laws of 1995, is amended to read as
follows:
11. (a) The jury may not direct imposition of a sentence of death
unless it unanimously finds beyond a reasonable doubt that the aggravat-
ing factor or factors substantially outweigh the mitigating factor or
factors established, if any, and unanimously determines that the penalty
of death should be imposed. Any member or members of the jury who find a
mitigating factor to have been proven by the defendant by a preponder-
ance of the evidence may consider such factor established regardless of
the number of jurors who concur that the factor has been established.
(b) If the jury directs imposition of [either] a sentence of death
[or], A SENTENCE OF life imprisonment without parole, OR A SENTENCE TO A
TERM OF IMPRISONMENT WITH A MINIMUM TERM OF BETWEEN TWENTY AND
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS, TO BE DETERMINED BY THE COURT, AND A MAXIMUM TERM OF
LIFE IMPRISONMENT, it shall specify on the record those mitigating and
aggravating factors considered and those mitigating factors established
by the defendant, if any.
(c) With respect to a count or concurrent counts of murder in the
first degree, the court may direct the jury to cease deliberation with
respect to the sentence or sentences to be imposed if the jury has
deliberated for an extensive period of time without reaching unanimous
agreement on the sentence or sentences to be imposed and the court is
satisfied that any such agreement is unlikely within a reasonable time.
The provisions of this paragraph shall apply with respect to consecutive
counts of murder in the first degree. In the event the jury is unable to
reach unanimous agreement, the court must sentence the defendant in
accordance with [subdivisions one through three] SUBDIVISION FIVE of
section 70.00 of the penal law with respect to any count or counts of
murder in the first degree upon which the jury failed to reach unanimous
agreement as to the sentence to be imposed.
(d) If the jury unanimously determines that a sentence of death should
be imposed, the court must thereupon impose a sentence of death. There-
after, however, the court may, upon written motion of the defendant, set
aside the sentence of death upon any of the grounds set forth in section
330.30 OF THIS PART. The procedures set forth in sections 330.40 and
330.50 OF THIS PART, as applied to separate sentencing proceedings under
this section, shall govern the motion and the court upon granting the
motion shall, except as may otherwise be required by subdivision one of
section 330.50 OF THIS PART, direct a new sentencing proceeding pursuant
to this section. Upon granting the motion upon any of the grounds set
forth in section 330.30 OF THIS PART and setting aside the sentence, the
court must afford the people a reasonable period of time, which shall
not be less than ten days, to determine whether to take an appeal from
the order setting aside the sentence of death. The taking of an appeal
by the people stays the effectiveness of that portion of the court's
order that directs a new sentencing proceeding.
(e) If the jury unanimously determines that a sentence of life impri-
sonment without parole should be imposed the court must thereupon impose
a sentence of life imprisonment without parole.
(E-1) IF THE JURY UNANIMOUSLY DETERMINES THAT A SENTENCE TO A TERM OF
IMPRISONMENT WITH A MINIMUM TERM OF BETWEEN TWENTY AND TWENTY-FIVE
YEARS, TO BE DETERMINED BY THE COURT, AND A MAXIMUM TERM OF LIFE IMPRI-
SONMENT SHOULD BE IMPOSED, THE COURT MUST THEREUPON IMPOSE SUCH
SENTENCE.
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(f) Where a sentence has been unanimously determined by the jury it
must be recorded on the minutes and read to the jury, and the jurors
must be collectively asked whether such is their sentence. Even though
no juror makes any declaration in the negative, the jury must, if either
party makes such an application, be polled and each juror separately
asked whether the sentence announced by the foreman is in all respects
his or her sentence. If, upon either the collective or the separate
inquiry, any juror answers in the negative, the court must refuse to
accept the sentence and must direct the jury to resume its deliberation.
If no disagreement is expressed, the jury must be discharged from the
case.
S 5. Severability. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivision,
section or part of this act shall be adjudged by any court of competent
jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgement shall not affect, impair, or
invalidate the remainder thereof, but shall be confined in its operation
to the clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivision, section or part thereof
directly involved in the controversy in which such judgement shall have
been rendered. It is hereby declared to be the intent of the legislature
that this act would have been enacted even if such invalid provisions
had not been included therewith.
S 6. This act shall take effect immediately, and shall apply to crimes
committed prior to, on, or after the effective date of this act.