A. 6021 2
S 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-a OR ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B of this chapter, or
to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection
regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of
section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, such tribu-
nal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be consti-
tuted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
S 3. Section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter
715 of the laws of 1972 and as amended by chapter 379 of the laws of
1992, is amended to read as follows:
S 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, OR TO
ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B OF THIS CHAPTER, or to adjudicate the liability
of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in
and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, such tribunal and the rules and
regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial
conformance with the following sections.
S 4. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by chapter 379 of the laws of 1992, is amended to read as
follows:
1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau
and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-a OR OF SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED ELEVEN-B of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of
owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
en of this chapter in accordance with such section eleven hundred
eleven-a OR ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B, and shall adjudicate the liability
of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in
and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty. Such tribunal, except in a city
with a population of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction
of abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes of this article, a
parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation
providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehi-
cle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean
A. 6021 3
and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official
possessing authority as such a commissioner.
S 5. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau
and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
parking violation AND, WHERE AUTHORIZED BY LOCAL LAW ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B OF THIS CHAPTER,
SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION
(D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SUCH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B. For the purposes of this article,
a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation
providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehi-
cle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean
and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official
possessing authority as such a commissioner.
S 6. Subdivision 10 of section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by chapter 379 of the laws of 1992, is amended to read as
follows:
10. To adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
sion (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-a OR ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B of this
chapter, if authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a)
of such section eleven hundred eleven-a;
S 7. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a
new subdivision 10 to read as follows:
10. TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI-
SION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B OF THIS CHAPTER, IF AUTHORIZED BY
LOCAL LAW ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF SUCH SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED ELEVEN-B.
S 8. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
traffic law, as amended by chapter 379 of the laws of 1992, is amended
to read as follows:
f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article,
but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a OR ELEVEN
HUNDRED ELEVEN-B of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a
notice of liability issued pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred
eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty.
S 9. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
traffic law, as added by chapter 180 of the laws of 1980, is amended to
read as follows:
f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article BUT
SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO
AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B OF THIS CHAP-
TER.
S 10. Section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding
a new subdivision 5 to read as follows:
5. APPLICABILITY; LIABILITY OF OWNERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEV-
EN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B OF THIS CHAPTER. THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH B OF
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SUBDIVISION TWO AND SUBDIVISION THREE OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE
APPLICABLE TO DETERMINATIONS OF OWNER LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B OF THIS CHAPTER FOR THE FAILURE OF AN
OPERATOR TO COMPLY WITH SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN
OF THIS CHAPTER.
S 11. Subdivision 1 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by chapter 379 of the laws of 1992, is amended to read as
follows:
1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a OR ELEVEN HUNDRED
ELEVEN-B of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such allegation, or a
person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or
sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, the bureau shall
advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the
director may direct of the date on which he must appear to answer the
charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing
shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to
advise the person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on
the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be
deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be
entered thereon.
S 12. Subdivision 1 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A
VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS
CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person
personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct
of the date on which he must appear to answer the charge at a hearing.
The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by
the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so plead-
ing OR CONTESTING that failure to appear on the date designated, or on
any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liabil-
ity, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
S 13. Subdivision 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law,
as amended by chapter 379 of the laws of 1992, is amended to read as
follows:
1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a OR ELEVEN HUNDRED
ELEVEN-B of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance
with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author-
ities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter
seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, is
being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the
merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall
not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
of the hearing.
S 14. Subdivision 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law,
as added by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, is amended to read as
follows:
A. 6021 5
1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been
entered, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B OF THIS CHAPTER IS
BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the
merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall
not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
of the hearing.
S 15. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law, as amended by chapter 379 of the laws of 1992, are
amended to read as follows:
a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-a OR ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B of this chapter or an allegation of
liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
hundred fifty shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with
rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
hearing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-a OR ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B of this chapter is contested or of a
hearing at which liability in accordance with section two thousand nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty is contested. Recording devices may be
used for the making of the record.
S 16. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, are
amended to read as follows:
a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
ELEVEN-B OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in
accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR OF A
HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
ELEVEN-B OF THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED. Recording devices may be used
for the making of the record.
S 17. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by chapter 379 of the laws of 1992, are amended to read
as follows:
1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
mines that the charges have been sustained he OR SHE may examine either
the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities
incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a OR ELEVEN
HUNDRED ELEVEN-B of this chapter or the record of liabilities incurred
in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty
of the person charged, as applicable prior to rendering a final determi-
nation. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be
entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau together
with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-a OR ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B of this
A. 6021 6
chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance
with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author-
ities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter
seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or
fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned
date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a
hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation
of the bureau, such failure to plead or contest, appear or comply shall
be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be
grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount
provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the
expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and
before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall
pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or
owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
(1) of the violation charged, or liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-a OR ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B of this chapter
alleged or liability in accordance with section two thousand nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty alleged, (2) of the impending default
judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of
the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of
civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of civil
judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be
avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a OR ELEVEN HUNDRED
ELEVEN-B of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in
accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
fifty, as appropriate, or making an appearance within thirty days of the
sending of such notice. Pleas entered and allegations contested within
that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not
subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default
judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof
in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of
New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where
required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two
years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea or
contesting an allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine
or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the
hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the
charges, sustaining them, he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or
fine than those upon which the person was originally charged.
S 18. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, subdivision 1 as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972 and
subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
to read as follows:
1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
mines that the charges have been sustained he OR SHE may examine EITHER
the prior parking violations record OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES
INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B OF THIS
CHAPTER of the person charged, AS APPLICABLE prior to rendering a final
determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges
A. 6021 7
shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau
together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to appear
on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after
a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as
prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such
failure to plead, CONTEST, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering
and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and
regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable
provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged,
OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B OF THIS
CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such
judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the
bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any
other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state
of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea OR
CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED ELEVEN-B OF THIS CHAPTER, AS APPROPRIATE, or making an appear-
ance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND
ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in the manner
prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who
are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time
prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a
person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for
any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them, he OR SHE
shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
was originally charged.
S 19. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and
traffic law, as amended by chapter 496 of the laws of 1990, subparagraph
(i) as designated and subparagraph (ii) as added by chapter 373 of the
laws of 1994, is amended to read as follows:
a. (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal
thereof there is a certification from a court, parking violations
bureau, traffic and parking violations agency or administrative tribunal
of appropriate jurisdiction or administrative tribunal of appropriate
jurisdiction that the registrant or his OR HER representative failed to
appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to
comply with the rules and regulations of an administrative tribunal
following entry of a final decision in response to a total of three or
more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within an eigh-
teen month period, charging either that (i) such motor vehicle was
parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for
hire by the registrant or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a
motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation
of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule
A. 6021 8
or regulation made by a local authority or (ii) the registrant was
liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a OR ELEVEN
HUNDRED ELEVEN-B of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, the commissioner or his
OR HER agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until
the applicant provides proof from the court, traffic and parking
violations agency or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are
pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an
administrative tribunal that he OR SHE has complied with the rules and
regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where
an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may,
in his OR HER discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to
any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or
renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name
of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such regis-
trant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and
where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such
registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes
of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as
the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative
tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations
following entry of a final decision.
(ii) For purposes of this paragraph, the term "motor vehicle operated
for hire" shall mean and include a taxicab, livery, coach, limousine or
tow truck.
S 20. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and
traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 339 and 592 of the laws
of 1987, is amended to read as follows:
a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there is a certification from a court or administrative tribunal of
appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or his OR HER represen-
tative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to A
TOTAL OF three or more summonses or other process IN THE AGGREGATE,
issued within an eighteen month period, charging EITHER that (I) such
motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehi-
cle was operated for hire by the registrant or his OR HER agent without
being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local
authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority OR (II)
THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
ELEVEN-B OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his OR HER
agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the
applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
ein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made
or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he OR SHE has complied
with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a
final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
the commissioner may, in his OR HER discretion, deny a registration or
renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may
deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle
registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has
determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes
of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
A. 6021 9
believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of
defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only
remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the
case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with
the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
S 21. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
1111-b to read as follows:
S 1111-B. OWNER LIABILITY FOR FAILURE OF OPERATOR TO COMPLY WITH
TRAFFIC-CONTROL INDICATIONS; CITY OF BUFFALO IN THE COUNTY OF ERIE. (A)
NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, THE MUNICIPALITY OF THE CITY
OF BUFFALO IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED AND EMPOWERED TO ADOPT AND AMEND A LOCAL
LAW OR ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING A PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON
THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH
TRAFFIC-CONTROL INDICATIONS IN SUCH MUNICIPALITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION. SUCH PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER SUCH MUNICIPALITY
TO INSTALL AND OPERATE TRAFFIC-CONTROL SIGNAL PHOTO-MONITORING DEVICES
AT INTERSECTIONS AND HIGHWAY-RAILROAD CROSSINGS WITHIN SUCH MUNICI-
PALITY.
(B) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION:
1. THE TERM "MUNICIPALITY" SHALL MEAN THE CITY OF BUFFALO LOCATED
WITHIN THE COUNTY OF ERIE; AND
2. THE TERM "PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU" OR "BUREAU" SHALL MEAN THE
PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OF THE CITY OF BUFFALO LOCATED WITHIN THE
COUNTY OF ERIE.
(C) IN THE MUNICIPALITY WHICH HAS ADOPTED A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE
PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE
SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH
VEHICLE WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE OWNER, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
ELEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFORMATION
OBTAINED FROM A TRAFFIC-CONTROL SIGNAL VIOLATION-MONITORING SYSTEM;
PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENAL-
TY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE
HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE.
(D) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, "OWNER" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING
PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS CHAPTER. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION,
"TRAFFIC-CONTROL SIGNAL VIOLATION-MONITORING SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A VEHI-
CLE SENSOR INSTALLED TO WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A TRAFFIC-CONTROL
SIGNAL WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE
MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE
AT THE TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE.
(E) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A TECHNICIAN EMPLOYED BY
THE MUNICIPALITY IN WHICH THE CHARGED VIOLATION OCCURRED, OR A FACSIMILE
THEREOF, BASED UPON INSPECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDE-
OTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY A TRAFFIC-CONTROL SIGNAL
VIOLATION-MONITORING SYSTEM, SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS
CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER
RECORDED IMAGES EVIDENCING SUCH A VIOLATION SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR
INSPECTION IN ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY FOR SUCH
VIOLATION PURSUANT TO A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION.
(F) AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO A LOCAL LAW OR ORDI-
NANCE ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE LIABLE FOR MONETARY
A. 6021 10
PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND PENALTIES TO BE
PROMULGATED BY THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU. THE LIABILITY OF THE
OWNER PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT EXCEED FIFTY DOLLARS FOR EACH
VIOLATION; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT SUCH LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE MAY
PROVIDE FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT IN EXCESS OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS
FOR EACH VIOLATION FOR THE FAILURE TO RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY
WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD. ANY MONETARY PENALTIES RECEIVED DUE
TO THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF TRAFFIC-CONTROL SIGNAL PHOTO-MONI-
TORING DEVICES IN THE MUNICIPALITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THIS SECTION SHALL
BE DEPOSITED TO THE CREDIT OF AND RECEIVED BY SUCH MUNICIPALITY AFTER
THE PAYMENT OF ANY ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS.
(G) AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR
AND SHALL NOT BE MADE PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE PERSON UPON
WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT BE USED FOR INSURANCE
PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
(H) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
(D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED. A MANUAL
OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSI-
NESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN.
2. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
(D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION, THE REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VEHICLE INVOLVED IN SUCH
VIOLATION, THE LOCATION WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK PLACE, THE DATE AND
TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION AND THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE CAMERA WHICH
RECORDED THE VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR NUMBER.
3. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE
PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST
THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO
CONTAIN A WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSONS CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO CONTEST
IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF LIABIL-
ITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE MUNICI-
PALITY OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY THE MUNICIPALITY TO PREPARE
AND MAIL SUCH NOTIFICATION OF VIOLATION.
(I) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS SECTION
SHALL BE BY THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
(J) 1. IF AN OWNER RECEIVES A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE WAS REPORTED TO THE
POLICE DEPARTMENT AS HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO
AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT THE
VEHICLE HAD BEEN REPORTED TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE
VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD NOT BEEN RECOVERED BY SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES
OF ASSERTING THE DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION IT SHALL BE SUFFI-
CIENT THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN VEHICLE
BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
2. IF AN OWNER RECEIVES A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION
PERTAINING TO AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
(D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE, IT SHALL BE A
VALID DEFENSE TO SUCH ALLEGATION THAT THE OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE AT THE
TIME OF SUCH ALLEGED VIOLATION WAS COMPELLED TO YIELD RIGHT-OF-WAY TO AN
AUTHORIZED EMERGENCY VEHICLE ENGAGED IN AN EMERGENCY OPERATION, AS
A. 6021 11
DEFINED IN SECTIONS ONE HUNDRED ONE AND ONE HUNDRED FOURTEEN-B, RESPEC-
TIVELY, OF THIS CHAPTER. THE DEFENSE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS PARAGRAPH MAY
BE ASSERTED BY THE OWNER IF PRIOR TO THE TIME TO PLEAD OR APPEAR WITH
RESPECT TO SUCH VIOLATION, THE OWNER SENDS TO THE PARKING VIOLATIONS
BUREAU BY CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, A WRITTEN NOTIFICA-
TION THAT HE OR SHE INTENDS TO ASSERT SUCH DEFENSE. AFTER RECEIPT OF
SUCH NOTIFICATION, THE MUNICIPALITY SHALL REVIEW THE PHOTOGRAPHS, MICRO-
PHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES AT ISSUE IN THE CASE,
AND SHALL ADVISE THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU WHETHER OR NOT THE NOTICE
OF LIABILITY SHOULD BE WITHDRAWN. IF THE MUNICIPALITY FINDS THAT THE
NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHOULD BE WITHDRAWN, THE CASE SHALL BE DISMISSED. IF
THE CASE IS NOT DISMISSED, THE OWNER SHALL BE NOTIFIED OF SUCH DETERMI-
NATION AND SHALL BE GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY FOR A HEARING, AT WHICH THE
MUNICIPALITY SHALL MAKE AVAILABLE THE PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,
VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES AT ISSUE IN THE CASE.
(K) AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF LIABIL-
ITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (H) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE
LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
ELEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE, PROVIDED THAT:
1. PRIOR TO THE VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH THE BUREAU IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION TWO HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF
THIS CHAPTER; AND
2. WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OF
THE DATE AND TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMATION
CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS TO THE
BUREAU THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHICLE IDENTI-
FIED IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER
WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL, LEASE OR
OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY THE BUREAU
PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS THAT MAY BE PROMULGATED FOR SUCH PURPOSE.
(I) FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH PARAGRAPH TWO OF THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL
RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED IN THIS SECTION.
(II) WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBDIVI-
SION, THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE
DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION,
SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION
(H) OF THIS SECTION.
(L) IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WAS NOT
THE OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME OF THE VIOLATION, THE OWNER MAY
MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST THE OPERATOR.
(M) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY
OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE.
S 22. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2 of part DD of chapter 56 of the laws of 2008, is
amended to read as follows:
1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter or a
traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule
or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other than a traffic
infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by
pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
A. 6021 12
eleven-a OR ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B of this chapter, there shall be
levied a crime victim assistance fee and a mandatory surcharge, in addi-
tion to any sentence required or permitted by law, in accordance with
the following schedule:
(a) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for a traffic infraction pursuant to
article nine of this chapter, there shall be levied a crime victim
assistance fee in the amount of five dollars and a mandatory surcharge,
in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount
of twenty-five dollars.
(b) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for a misdemeanor or felony pursuant
to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, there shall be
levied, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, a
crime victim assistance fee in the amount of twenty-five dollars and a
mandatory surcharge in accordance with the following schedule:
(i) a person convicted of a felony shall pay a mandatory surcharge of
three hundred dollars;
(ii) a person convicted of a misdemeanor shall pay a mandatory
surcharge of one hundred seventy-five dollars.
(c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter
other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this
chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,
ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other
than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or
violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-a OR ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B of this chapter or other
than an infraction pursuant to article nine of this chapter or other
than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll
collection regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred
eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied a crime victim
assistance fee in the amount of five dollars and a mandatory surcharge,
in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount
of fifty-five dollars.
S 23. Subdivision 1 of section 371 of the general municipal law, as
amended by chapter 496 of the laws of 1990, is amended to read as
follows:
1. A traffic violations bureau so established may be authorized to
dispose of violations of traffic laws, ordinances, rules and regulations
when such offenses shall not constitute the traffic infraction known as
speeding or a misdemeanor or felony, and, if authorized by local law or
ordinance, to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of
subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of the vehicle and
traffic law in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a OR ELEVEN
HUNDRED ELEVEN-B of such law.
S 24. Section 371 of the general municipal law, as amended by chapter
802 of the laws of 1949, is amended to read as follows:
S 371. Jurisdiction and procedure. A traffic violations bureau so
established may be authorized to dispose of violations of traffic laws,
ordinances, rules and regulations when such offenses shall not consti-
tute the traffic infraction known as speeding or a misdemeanor or felo-
A. 6021 13
ny, AND, IF AUTHORIZED BY LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE, TO ADJUDICATE THE
LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B OF SUCH LAW, by permitting a person charged with
an offense within the limitations herein stated, to answer, within a
specified time, at the traffic violations bureau, either in person or by
written power of attorney in such form as may be prescribed in the ordi-
nance creating the bureau, by paying a prescribed fine and, in writing,
waiving a hearing in court, pleading guilty to the charge OR ADMITTING
LIABILITY AS AN OWNER FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, AS THE CASE MAY
BE, and authorizing the person in charge of the bureau to make such a
plea OR ADMISSION and pay such a fine in court. Acceptance of the
prescribed fine and power of attorney by the bureau shall be deemed
complete satisfaction for the violation OR OF THE LIABILITY, and the
violator OR OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW shall be given a
receipt which so states. If a person charged with a traffic violation
does not answer as hereinbefore prescribed, within a designated time,
the bureau shall cause a complaint to be entered against him OR HER
forthwith and a warrant to be issued for his OR HER arrest and appear-
ance before the court. Any person who shall have been, within the
preceding twelve months, guilty of a number of parking violations in
excess of such maximum number as may be designated by the court, or of
three or more violations other than parking violations, shall not be
permitted to appear and answer to a subsequent violation at the traffic
violations bureau, but must appear in court at a time specified by the
bureau. Such traffic violations bureau shall not be authorized to
deprive a person of his OR HER right to counsel or to prevent him OR HER
from exercising his OR HER right to appear in court to answer to,
explain, or defend any charge of a violation of any traffic law, ordi-
nance, rule or regulation.
S 25. Subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law is
amended by adding a new paragraph (k) to read as follows:
(K) ARE PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
IMAGES PREPARED UNDER AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-B OF
THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
S 26. The purchase or lease of equipment for a program established
pursuant to section 1111-b of the vehicle and traffic law shall be
subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law.
S 27. This act shall take effect immediately; provided, however that:
(a) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section one of this act shall be subject to the
expiration and reversion of such subdivision pursuant to section 406 of
chapter 166 of the laws of 1991, as amended, when upon such date the
provisions of section two of this act shall take effect;
(b) the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section two of this act shall be subject to the expiration and rever-
sion of such section pursuant to section 17 of chapter 746 of the laws
of 1988, as amended, when upon such date the provisions of section three
of this act shall take effect;
(c) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section four of this act shall be subject to the
expiration and reversion of such subdivision pursuant to section 17 of
chapter 746 of the laws of 1988, as amended, when upon such date the
provisions of section five of this act shall take effect;
A. 6021 14
(d) the amendments to subdivision 10 of section 237 of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section six of this act shall be subject to the
repeal of such subdivision pursuant to section 17 of chapter 746 of the
laws of 1988, as amended, when upon such date the provisions of section
seven of this act shall take effect;
(e) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section eight of this act shall be
subject to the expiration and reversion of such paragraph pursuant to
section 17 of chapter 746 of the laws of 1988, as amended, when upon
such date the provisions of section nine of this act shall take effect;
(f) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 240 of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section eleven of this act shall be subject to the
expiration and reversion of such subdivision pursuant to section 17 of
chapter 746 of the laws of 1988, as amended, when upon such date the
provisions of section twelve of this act shall take effect;
(g) the amendments to subdivision 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section thirteen of this act shall be subject to
the expiration and reversion of such subdivision pursuant to section 17
of chapter 746 of the laws of 1988, as amended, when upon such date the
provisions of section fourteen of this act shall take effect;
(h) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section fifteen of this act
shall be subject to the expiration and reversion of such paragraphs
pursuant to section 17 of chapter 746 of the laws of 1988, as amended,
when upon such date the provisions of section sixteen of this act shall
take effect;
(i) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law made by section seventeen of this act shall be
subject to the expiration and reversion of such subdivisions pursuant to
section 17 of chapter 746 of the laws of 1988, as amended, when upon
such date the provisions of section eighteen of this act shall take
effect;
(j) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section nineteen of this act shall
be subject to the expiration and reversion of such paragraph pursuant to
section 17 of chapter 746 of the laws of 1988, as amended, when upon
such date the provisions of section twenty of this act shall take
effect;
(k) the amendments made to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law made by section twenty-two of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire
therewith; and
(l) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 371 of the general
municipal law made by section twenty-three of this act shall be subject
to the expiration and reversion of such subdivision pursuant to section
17 of chapter 746 of the laws of 1988, as amended, when upon such date
the provisions of section twenty-four of this act shall take effect.