S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________
10708--A
I N A S S E M B L Y
June 15, 2012
___________
Introduced by COMMITTEE ON RULES -- (at request of M. of A. Lentol) --
read once and referred to the Committee on Codes -- committee
discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted
to said committee
AN ACT to establish youth courts and authorize criminal and family
courts to transfer the dispositional phase of proceedings to youth
courts and to amend the criminal procedure law and the family court
act, in relation thereto
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. There is hereby established a youth court diversion
program:
1. Legislative findings. Young people sometimes make bad decisions
that can lead to contact with the justice system, and those youth who
become involved in the justice system are at greater risk for future,
more serious involvement as adults. The legislature finds that diversion
programs can help youth make better decisions, reduce their future
contacts with the criminal justice system and encourage positive devel-
opment. The legislature further finds that youth courts, which have a
long history as a diversion alternative in the State of New York, are a
valuable resource for the courts, law enforcement and probation depart-
ments, and schools. Youth courts use positive peer pressure to hold
young people accountable for their actions, providing them with the
opportunity to redress any harm they have caused while supporting their
positive engagement with the community. The legislature further finds
that youth courts provide young people with meaningful civic education
about the justice system.
2. Definitions. As used in this section:
(a) "Youth court" means a tribunal of young people who have been
trained to conduct dispositional hearings for youth alleged to have
committed certain offenses and to determine and assign constructive
sanctions designed to restore the community, reduce recidivism, and
serve as an alternative to further formal processes. Models include, but
are not limited to, a tribunal presided over by an adult judge or a
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD16273-03-2
A. 10708--A 2
youth judge, or a peer tribunal. Sanctions may be determined by either a
peer jury or peer tribunal.
(b) "Sanction" means the acts a referred youth is to perform to
redress any harm caused by his or her conduct and other constructive
exercises meant to provide insight into the consequences of his or her
behavior and to help him or her make better decisions in the future.
Sanctions may include, but are not limited to, performance of community
service, participation on a youth court jury, attendance at youth court-
approved education workshops, curfew limitations, essay writing, letters
of apology, restitution and behavior modification classes. Inability to
pay restitution shall not be a factor in determining whether youth court
is an appropriate diversion in any given proceeding, action or referral.
(c) "Youth" means:
(i) an individual under the age of 19 at the time of the alleged
offense who is referred to youth court from family or criminal court,
probation or police; or
(ii) an individual under the age of 21 who is currently enrolled in
school and is referred in a school disciplinary proceeding by the school
administration for a school-related offense.
(d) "Consent" means the agreement of the youth to waive further
proceedings in court or school and to referral of the dispositional
phase of the waived proceeding to a youth court program. Consent also
means the agreement of the youth to cooperate with the youth court
program and to complete the assessed sanction.
(e) "Organizing entity" means the school, non-profit organization, or
governmental unit or agency including a municipal corporation that
undertakes establishment of a youth court program.
3. Case referral. (a) Youth courts may accept referrals of proceedings
from appropriate sources, which may include, but are not limited to,
schools, probation, police, presentment agency or prosecutor, involving
a youth whose alleged offense or offenses violates a state law, munici-
pal law or ordinance or school policy.
(b)(i) Where a proceeding has been commenced in criminal court,
violation and misdemeanor offenses as defined by article 10 of the penal
law may be referred to a youth court program at the discretion of the
presiding court with the consent of the district attorney.
(ii) Where a proceeding has been commenced in family court, misdemea-
nors may be referred to a youth court program at the discretion of the
presiding court.
(c) A youth must consent to the referral of the dispositional phase of
the proceeding to a youth court program.
(d) Each youth court program retains the right to decline any refer-
rals received based upon criteria established in its by-laws or proce-
dure manual.
4. Failure to complete sanctions. The failure of a youth who has
previously consented to referral to a youth court program to cooperate
or complete the assigned sanction or sanctions will result in notice of
the failure being provided to the referring body, which may take such
action as it determines appropriate or as provided by law; provided,
however, that the youth may not receive a harsher sanction, disposition
or sentence from the referring body than he or she would have received
but for the referral to youth court.
5. Completion of sanctions. Upon the youth's completion of the
assigned sanction or sanctions, all court, police and probation records
pertaining to the offense which resulted in the referral shall be sealed
A. 10708--A 3
automatically, notwithstanding any law dealing generally with the pres-
ervation and destruction of public records.
6. Liability. The organizing entity, the youth court, its board and
staff, youth court volunteers, and youth referred to the youth court
program shall be immune from any claims that may arise as a result of
activities related to youth court.
7. Confidentiality. All records from proceedings of a youth court
program shall be confidential, except as necessary to provide informa-
tion or notice to the referring body. Such records shall remain property
of the youth court and may not be used in any subsequent family or crim-
inal court or school hearings.
8. Application. This section shall apply to all youth courts estab-
lished in New York State, whether preexisting or established subsequent
to the enactment of this section.
S 2. Subdivision 3 of section 160.50 of the criminal procedure law is
amended by adding a new paragraph (m) to read as follows:
(M) AN ORDER DISMISSING AN ACTION PURSUANT TO SECTION 217.30 OF THIS
PART WAS ENTERED.
S 3. Subdivision 6 of section 170.55 of the criminal procedure law, as
added by chapter 134 of the laws of 1982 and as renumbered by chapter 39
of the laws of 1988, is amended to read as follows:
6. The court may as a condition of an adjournment in contemplation of
dismissal order, require the defendant to perform services for a public
or not-for-profit corporation, association, institution or agency.
WHERE A CASE IS REFERRED TO A YOUTH COURT FOR DETERMINATION OF SANCTION
AS A CONDITION OF AN ADJOURNMENT IN CONTEMPLATION OF DISMISSAL ORDER,
THE SANCTION MAY INCLUDE THE REQUIREMENT THAT THE DEFENDANT PERFORM
SERVICES FOR A GOVERNMENTAL UNIT OR AGENCY INCLUDING A MUNICIPAL CORPO-
RATION, PUBLIC OR NOT-FOR-PROFIT CORPORATION, ASSOCIATION, INSTITUTION
OR AGENCY. Such condition may only be imposed where the defendant has
consented to the amount and conditions of such service. The court may
not impose such conditions in excess of the length of the adjournment.
S 4. The criminal procedure law is amended by adding a new article 217
to read as follows:
ARTICLE 217
YOUTH COURT DIVERSION PROGRAM
SECTION 217.10 JURISDICTION OF YOUTH COURT.
217.20 RESTORATION OF PROCEEDING TO PRESIDING COURT.
217.30 DISMISSAL OF ACTION.
S 217.10 JURISDICTION OF YOUTH COURT.
IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH AN ESTABLISHED YOUTH COURT ACCEPTS REFER-
RALS FROM SCHOOLS, LAW ENFORCEMENT, PROBATION AND/OR A COURT REGARDING
AN ELIGIBLE DEFENDANT, WHEN A PROCEEDING HAS BEEN COMMENCED IN SUCH
COURT, AT ANY TIME BEFORE FINAL DISPOSITION OF A PROCEEDING, THE COURT
MAY REFER THE PROCEEDING TO THE YOUTH COURT PROGRAM UNDER THE FOLLOWING
CONDITIONS:
1. VIOLATIONS AND MISDEMEANOR OFFENSES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TEN OF
THE PENAL LAW MAY BE REFERRED TO AN ESTABLISHED YOUTH COURT PROGRAM AT
THE DISCRETION OF THE PRESIDING COURT AND WITH THE CONSENT OF THE
DISTRICT ATTORNEY.
2. THE YOUTH MUST CONSENT TO THE REFERRAL OF THE PROCEEDING TO A YOUTH
COURT PROGRAM.
3. THE COURT SHALL ISSUE AN ORDER ADJOURNING THE PROCEEDING IN CONTEM-
PLATION OF DISMISSAL FOR NOT MORE THAN SIX MONTHS FOR PURPOSES OF REFER-
RAL TO AN ESTABLISHED YOUTH COURT PROGRAM.
S 217.20 RESTORATION OF PROCEEDING TO PRESIDING COURT.
A. 10708--A 4
UPON FAILURE OF A YOUTH TO COOPERATE WITH THE YOUTH COURT PROGRAM OR
TO COMPLETE THE ASSIGNED SANCTION OR SANCTIONS WITHIN SIX MONTHS OF THE
COURT ORDER ADJOURNING THE PROCEEDING IN CONTEMPLATION OF DISMISSAL, THE
COURT MAY RESTORE THE PROCEEDING TO THE CALENDAR UPON A DETERMINATION
THAT DISMISSAL OF THE ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT WOULD NOT BE IN THE FURTHER-
ANCE OF JUSTICE; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT THE YOUTH MAY NOT RECEIVE A
HARSHER SENTENCE THAN HE OR SHE WOULD HAVE RECEIVED BUT FOR THE REFERRAL
TO YOUTH COURT.
S 217.30 DISMISSAL OF ACTION.
IF THE PROCEEDING HAS NOT BEEN RESTORED TO THE CALENDAR WITHIN SIX
MONTHS PURSUANT TO SECTION 217.20 OF THIS ARTICLE, THE ACCUSATORY
INSTRUMENT SHALL BE DISMISSED BY THE COURT IN FURTHERANCE OF JUSTICE AT
THE EXPIRATION OF THE SIX MONTH PERIOD. UPON DISMISSAL OF THE ACTION,
THE ARREST AND PROSECUTION SHALL BE DEEMED A NULLITY AND THE DEFENDANT
SHALL BE RESTORED TO THE STATUS HE OR SHE OCCUPIED BEFORE HIS OR HER
ARREST AND PROSECUTION. ALL PAPERS AND RECORDS RELATING TO THE PROCEED-
ING THAT HAS BEEN DISMISSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE SUBJECT TO
THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 160.50 OF THIS PART.
S 5. Subdivision 2 of section 315.3 of the family court act, as
amended by chapter 880 of the laws of 1985, is amended to read as
follows:
2. Rules of court shall define the permissible terms and conditions
which may be included in an order that the proceeding be adjourned in
contemplation of dismissal; such permissible terms and conditions may
include supervision by the probation service, a requirement that the
respondent cooperate with a mental health, social services or other
appropriate community facility or agency to which the respondent may be
referred, A REFERRAL TO A YOUTH COURT DIVERSION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO
SECTION 316.1 OF THIS PART and a requirement that the respondent comply
with such other reasonable conditions as the court shall determine to be
necessary or appropriate to ameliorate the conduct which gave rise to
the filing of the petition or to prevent placement with the commissioner
of social services or the [division for youth] OFFICE OF CHILDREN AND
FAMILY SERVICES.
S 6. The family court act is amended by adding a new section 316.1 to
read as follows:
S 316.1. YOUTH COURT DIVERSION PROGRAM. 1. IN ANY JURISDICTION IN
WHICH AN ESTABLISHED YOUTH COURT ACCEPTS REFERRALS FROM SCHOOLS, LAW
ENFORCEMENT, PROBATION AND/OR A COURT REGARDING A RESPONDENT UNDER THE
AGE OF SIXTEEN, WHEN A PROCEEDING HAS BEEN COMMENCED IN SUCH COURT, AT
ANY TIME BEFORE A FINDING IS ENTERED UNDER SECTION 352.1 OF THIS ARTI-
CLE, THE COURT MAY REFER THE PROCEEDING TO THE YOUTH COURT PROGRAM UNDER
THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:
(A) ALL MISDEMEANOR OFFENSES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TEN OF THE PENAL
LAW MAY BE REFERRED TO AN ESTABLISHED YOUTH COURT PROGRAM AT THE
DISCRETION OF THE PRESIDING COURT.
(B) THE YOUTH MUST CONSENT TO THE REFERRAL OF THE PROCEEDING TO A
YOUTH COURT PROGRAM; AND
(C) THE COURT SHALL ISSUE AN ORDER PURSUANT TO SECTION 315.3 OF THIS
PART, ADJOURNING THE PROCEEDING FOR A PERIOD NOT TO EXCEED SIX MONTHS IN
CONTEMPLATION OF DISMISSAL FOR PURPOSES OF REFERRAL TO AN ESTABLISHED
YOUTH COURT PROGRAM.
2. UPON FAILURE OF A YOUTH TO COOPERATE WITH THE YOUTH COURT PROGRAM
OR TO COMPLETE THE ASSIGNED SANCTION OR SANCTIONS WITHIN SIX MONTHS OF
THE COURT ORDER ADJOURNING THE PROCEEDING IN CONTEMPLATION OF DISMISSAL,
THE COURT MAY RESTORE THE PROCEEDING TO THE CALENDAR, UPON A DETERMI-
A. 10708--A 5
NATION THAT DISMISSAL OF THE PETITION WOULD NOT BE IN THE FURTHERANCE OF
JUSTICE; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT THE YOUTH MAY NOT RECEIVE A HARSHER
DISPOSITION THAN HE OR SHE WOULD HAVE RECEIVED BUT FOR THE REFERRAL TO
YOUTH COURT.
3. IF THE PROCEEDING HAS NOT BEEN RESTORED TO THE CALENDAR WITHIN SIX
MONTHS, THE PETITION SHALL, PURSUANT TO SECTION 315.3 OF THIS PART, BE
DISMISSED BY THE COURT IN FURTHERANCE OF JUSTICE AT THE EXPIRATION OF
THE SIX MONTH PERIOD.
S 7. This act shall take effect on the sixtieth day after it shall
have become a law.