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Assembly Actions -
Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE |
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|---|---|
| Jun 22, 2012 |
referred to environmental conservation |
| Jun 21, 2012 |
delivered to assembly passed senate ordered to third reading cal.1512 committee discharged and committed to rules |
| Jun 05, 2012 |
reported and committed to finance |
| Jan 09, 2012 |
print number 5228a |
| Jan 09, 2012 |
amend (t) and recommit to environmental conservation |
| Jan 04, 2012 |
referred to environmental conservation |
| May 17, 2011 |
reported and committed to finance |
| May 03, 2011 |
referred to environmental conservation |
Senate Bill S5228
2011-2012 Legislative Session
Relates to brownfield site cleanup; repealer
download bill text pdfSponsored By
(R, IP) Senate District
Archive: Last Bill Status - In Assembly Committee
- Introduced
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- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
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- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
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- Passed Assembly
- Passed Senate
- Delivered to Governor
- Signed By Governor
Actions
Votes
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Floor Vote: Jun 21, 2012
aye (41)- Adams
- Alesi
- Bonacic
- Carlucci
- DeFrancisco
- Diaz
- Farley
- Flanagan
- Fuschillo
- Gallivan
- Golden
- Griffo
- Grisanti
- Hannon
- Johnson
- Kennedy
- Klein
- Lanza
- Larkin
- Libous
- Little
- Marcellino
- Martins
- Maziarz
- McDonald
- Nozzolio
- O'Mara
- Oppenheimer
- Ranzenhofer
- Ritchie
- Robach
- Saland
- Sampson
- Savino
- Seward
- Skelos
- Smith
- Storobin
- Valesky
- Young
- Zeldin
nay (19)
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Jun 21, 2012 - Rules Committee Vote
S522814Aye2Nay8Aye with Reservations0Absent1Excused0AbstainedJun 5, 2012 - Environmental Conservation Committee Vote
S52287Aye6Nay1Aye with Reservations0Absent0Excused0Abstained-
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Environmental Conservation Committee Vote: Jun 5, 2012
aye wr (1)
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May 17, 2011 - Environmental Conservation Committee Vote
S52288Aye2Nay4Aye with Reservations0Absent0Excused0Abstained-
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Environmental Conservation Committee Vote: May 17, 2011
nay (2)aye wr (4)
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Bill Amendments
2011-S5228 - Details
- Current Committee:
- Assembly Environmental Conservation
- Law Section:
- Environmental Conservation Law
- Laws Affected:
- Amd §§27-1405, 27-1409, 27-1318, 27-1415, 27-1419 & 56-0503, add Art 71 §§71-4501 - 71-4531, En Con L; amd §119-b, Pub Serv L; amd 761, Gen Bus L; amd §§21, 22 & 23, rpld §21 sub (a) ¶ 3-a, sub¶ (D), Tax L; rpld Part H §31, Chap 1 of 2003
- Versions Introduced in 2013-2014 Legislative Session:
-
S1664
2011-S5228 - Sponsor Memo
BILL NUMBER:S5228
TITLE OF BILL:
An act
to amend the environmental conservation law, the public service law, the
general business law and the
tax law, in relation to brownfield site cleanup; to
repeal subparagraph (D) of paragraph 3-a of subdivision (a) of section
21 of the tax law relating thereto; and to repeal section 31 of part H
of chapter 1 of the laws of 2003 amending the tax law relating to
brownfield redevelopment tax credits, relating thereto
PURPOSE OF THE BILL
This bill would further strengthen the State's
Brownfield Cleanup Program (BCP), which is already one of the
nation's premier environmental cleanup and redevelopment programs.
Eligibility standards would be tightened by adding non-discretionary
economic conditions and greater predeterminations of probable
significant contamination. Many of the State's most contaminated and
hard-to-redevelop properties-including Class 2, Class 3, and Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) sites-would again be eligible
for entrance in the BCP if owned and controlled by true volunteers
that pledge to remediate and redevelop these sites to their highest
and best market-based use. Program oversight fees would be capped,
the State would adopt the environmental covenant standards that have
become the national norm for ongoing monitoring and restoration of
sites, and the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) would be granted greater information on and access to contaminated sites. The tax credits would be refocused on actual cleanups and market-driven developments, with greater targeting toward proposed manufacturing projects. The credit sunsets would be eliminated, making the tax credits congruent to the programmatic aspects of the program, and the county criteria-based Environmental Zones (EZs) would be reinstated with updates for all EZs to reestablish areas according to the new census. Adoption of these changes will provide greater predictability to DEC about what properties should get into the BCP, while alleviating the administrative burdens connected therein, and easing the process for applicants to enter and complete the program. This would greatly encourage the equally important overriding public purposes of protecting the public health by restoring contaminated real estate, and by creating quality employment for New Yorkers through redeveloping these sites to the nation's highest standards. SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS: Section 1 would amend section 27-1405 of the Environmental Conservation Law (ECL) to provide potential applicants, the DEC, and other public and private institutions with guidance on site eligibility. An eligible brownfield would be characterized as a site that reasonably demonstrates a strong suspicion of a significant level of contamination, which is a determination that would typically, though not exclusively, be determined through the completion of a phase I environmental report. A determination of eligibility would require a prima facie showing that redevelopment of the site would be greatly inhibited by actual or suspected contamination factors at or below the surface level. Evidence of non-discretionary market-based economic distress must also be demonstrated, to determine if a site merits entrance into the BCP and the as-of-light State financial support. An eligible site must be primarily abandoned currently or at any time prior to application, or characterized by any prior and current severe economic or functional underutilization of a site, which is evident where the property is used as a parking, storage, or hazardous or solid waste facility. If the site's primary use has been and is intended to be a manufacturing or other industrial facility, a credible market study must show that the building and equipment presently at the location must be functionally obsolescent on an internationally comparative basis for the site to be eligible. The section also would allow current active State Superfund and RCRA sites in the program if owned and controlled by hue volunteers who pledge to complete any necessary investigations and remediation. Volunteers would also assume all future costs related to such sites, and they or their successors would have to maintain all institutional and engineer controls as required by DEC. Section 2 of this bill would amend section 27-1409 of the ECL to limit the fees that DEC can impose on participants in smaller scale projects for administering the BCP. DEC and other concerned State entities can currently impose oversight and administrative fees related to costs connected to the BCP. There are no current limits on the extent of these fees related to the size of a potential project. This bill would cap these fees at no more than five percent of the site preparation costs related to ground, vapor, and groundwater cleanups as defined in section twenty-one of the tax law. In addition, such fees would be payable only upon the receipt of the certificate of completion for the project, or upon voluntary or other termination in the program. This section would also make clear that failure to pay due fees will result in revocation of such certificate and prohibit future participation in the program. Section 3 would enact a new Title 45 to Article 71 the ECL, which would supersede the existing Title 36 environmental easement program unique to New York and provide for the use of environmental covenants as adopted by over twenty other states where brownfields are also a significant public concern. These covenants present a uniform method for assuring that title holders and their predecessors and successors maintain responsibility for ongoing maintenance and controls at a site that has gone through the BCP. Adoption of the covenant model will provide assurance and confidence to out-of state lenders and other interested parties on the status and future disposition of sites, based on common experiences with the conditions in other states that have adopted the environmental covenant model legislation. Section 4 would amend section 27-1318 of the ECL to allow an owner or other responsible party to execute an environmental covenant in lieu of an environmental easement. Section 5 would amend section 27-1415 of the ECL to require the DEC to record in its database on brownfield sites a copy of any environmental covenant created under Title 45 of Article 71 of the ECL. Section 6 would amend section 27-1419 of the ECL to require that any site owner of a covered party must certify that an environmental covenant has been duly created and recorded and any affected municipality has been duly notified of the existence of the covenant. Section 7 would amend section 56-0503 of ECL to add to the requirement under current law that municipalities, to participate in the environmental restoration program, must place and be bound by environmental easements as deemed necessary by the DEC. Section 8 of the bill would amend section 119-b of the Public Service Law to require a one-call system on excavation work to provide the DEC with the information received and maintained by the system. Section 9 of the bill would amend section 761 of the General Business Law to require that notices of excavation also be relayed electronically to the DEC. Section 10 would amend section 21 of the Tax Law to treat taxpayers filing under Article 22 of the Tax Law (businesses treating income under the Personal Income Tax such as partnerships and Limited Liability Companies) the same as other business filers. Section 11 of the bill would further amend section 21 of the Tax Law to make a technical correction to the statute regarding caps. When the caps were placed on development credits in 2008, they guaranteed the taxpayer a positive basis for the calculation of the credit limitation, based on a product of the site preparation credit component and the groundwater remediation credit component, the outcome of which was independent of the taxpayer's choice to take an expense deduction of cleanup costs under section 198 of the Internal Revenue Code. Current law is dependent on this choice as it requires the taxpayer to choose between the federal expense deduction or the state cleanup credits. Each taxpayer's circumstance may vary on which is the most advantageous course to elect. Under the product cap limiting development credits, which is based on a multiple of depreciable cleanup costs, if the taxpayer chooses to expense the costs for a federal deduction, there is no cleanup cost basis to apply towards the development credit cap. With no basis for the product, the amount of development credits under this current scenario is zero. This bill would allow the taxpayer to compute the maximum allowable development credit regardless of the treatment of the expenses for federal purposes. In addition, this section increases the cap for sites redeveloped primarily as a qualified manufacturing site by .333 percent to provide a maximum inducement and State support for these globally coveted projects. Section 12 would repeal the two-percent credit increase for projects conforming to a Brownfield opportunity Area (BOA) agreement certified by the Department of State, to keep such agreements from overriding municipal home-rule wishes and interfering with market driven highest and best use standards. BOA's were never contemplated to override local zoning standards and planning desires. Section 13 would amend subdivision (b) of section 21 of the Tax Law to reinstate county criteria-based EZs and have all EZs updated to reflect the recently completed 2010 Census. Section 14 would make conforming EZ changes to section 22 of the Tax Law. Section 15 would triple the existing Environmental Remediation Insurance credit granted under section 23 of the Tax Law from a maximum of$30,000 per BCP site to $90,000. Section 16 would make the tax credits under the BCP permanent and would allow taxpayers who have not received a certificate of completion for a qualified site by March 31, 2015, to be eligible for tax credits under the program. This sunset date is especially pernicious since qualified sites take at least three and half years to get through the program, and many applicants asking for a site to be admitted to the BCP would likely be already ineligible for any State support through the program. Section 17 provides for a severability clause for the sections of the bill. Section 18 provides for an immediate effective date for the bill and would apply the new statutes only to all qualified sites accepted into the BCP on or after July 1, 2011. EXISTING LAW: The Brownfield Cleanup Program was enacted in 2003 to encourage and guide the redevelopment of the State's largest and/or most economically inhibiting contaminated properties not on the federal priority list. Title 14 of Article 27 of the ECL was adopted to define project eligibility and give statutory grounding for administration of the program. Three new sections of the tax law were adopted to provide significant incentives through the nation's first fully refundable large-scale business tax credits. These credits provide state support for a portion of cleanups and redevelopment with much greater support for projects in distressed neighborhoods, provide a full or partial State rebate for property taxes paid on redeveloped properties based on the location of the site and the number of jobs created, and give an incentive for the carrying of environmental remediation insurance. In 2008, the redevelopment credits were capped to provide a sense of budgetary predictability. PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: This is a new bill. STATEMENT IN SUPPORT: The New York State Brownfield Cleanup Program has proved to be the nation's best designed and most successful remediation, smart-growth, sustainability, reclamation, and economic development tool. Budget concerns and programmatic anxieties have led to many proposals to amend the program, especially the redevelopment incentives, proposals that would make credits discretionary, and programs that would fundamentally interfere with the marketplace. These proposals threaten the BCP's success in attaining the nation's highest cleanup standards backed by market-driven and as-of-light incentives. These proposals would also lead us back toward the old status quo of permanently abandoned sites, sprawl, urban decay, poor cleanups and redevelopment, and in doing so would defeat the dream for true sustainability and the promise of creating livable communities. A review of all the relevant facts available to date illustrates the overwhelming triumphs of the current tax credit program, rather than its shortcomings. The State needs to concentrate on fixing the administrative and programmatic problems, instead of focusing on the tax credits that have been the true measure of success for the program so far, would further strengthen the BCP. A short recap demonstrates just how revolutionary Chapter 1 of the Laws of 2003 truly was and continues to be. While the State in the 1980's and 1990's did offer substantial grants to remediate sites-in many cases offering to pay nearly the entire cost of cleanups-New York was universally viewed as having one of the poorest cleanup and redevelopment records in the nation. By 1999, it had become clear to both houses of the State Legislature, the Executive, and the environmental and business communities, that New York's Superfund and other remediation programs were ineffective, underfunded, and poorly designed. New York State, despite likely having more major brownfields than any other state-and certainly more major urban and suburban areas adversely impacted by contaminated sites-also had the most dysfunctional programs. Despite laudatory goals and objectives, millions in capital funds and supporting statutes that sought protective cleanups and redevelopment, and while policies called for higher standards, shovel ready sites, and various ways to reclaim our urban cores and satisfy pressing demands for environmental justice, nearly every site remained unclaimed and toxic, cleanup agreements that were signed were inadequate, and capital grants and municipal awards were unproductive at best. The State should have learned by this point that programs that only reward cleanup efforts, or that attempt to centrally and rationally plan the type, location, and scope of future redevelopment do not work. Only making sites "shovel ready" has demonstrated time and time again to result in corrupted or incomplete cleanups that have always left sites de-industrialized, poorly reused, and often still hazardous. The BCP relies on a market-based approach. This mechanism will not unfairly prejudice one geographic sector of the State in preference of another, and tax incentives would be the most generous offered through any program in the State if not the nation. These properties need to employ the "highest and best use" test as determined by private sector specialists and risk takers. The program's remediation and redevelopment incentives have proven beyond doubt to be the most paradigm shattering. For the first time anywhere, a completely market-driven, fully refundable tax credit system was adopted that would get sites cleaned-up to the highest standards, get projects done at a level of quality and job creation happening nowhere else, and getting sites done that have sat idle for decades. The BCP has resulted in more private dollars being spent on cleanups and redevelopment than the rest of the nation combined. The BCP is not designed, and cannot reasonably be altered, to cover the multitude of very small sites throughout the State. The program was meant to cover the State's largest or most problematical properties that justified private redevelopment. However, the State should anticipate at least forty projects a year through the program, four times more than previously obtained. Also, no projects from Long Island, home to some of the State's worst environmental sites, have come completely through the program. The reforms in this bill would aid the reclamation and redevelopment of this crucial sector of the State. What is more, the BCP has proved to be a much better mechanism to getting sites cleaned up and redeveloped than the State Superfund and registry programs at a much lower cost to the taxpayers. These sites originally were allowed into the BCP for a very short window. It is time to open these sites in the BCP on a permanent basis. Since enactment of the BCP, the State so far has spent $365,118,000 on the superfund program-$220,118,000 on actual cleanup and $145 million on administrative costs. (Included within the $365 million is about $85 million that was rolled into old hazardous waste programs and paid for by current indebtedness.) Despite this large commitment of State resources, Superfund and RCRA sites still take decades to reclaim at merely industrial standards, are still bound up with years of litigation, and remain undeveloped once the agreed upon cleanup is completed. Comparatively, BCP site reclaims at the nation's highest and best cleanup standards are completed within an average of 3.2 years. It is therefore in the State's interest once more to allow superfund and other regulated sites that are owned and controlled by hue volunteers back into the BCP. In contrast, on the 92 sites that have gone through BCP and have been awarded Certificates of Completion through tax year 2010, $403 million in private funds have been spent on cleanups. This has cost state taxpayers under $40 million in "pay go" cleanup credits. Nearly $3 billion in private funds have been spent on redevelopment of these sites. State taxpayers have provided nearly $461 million in support for buildings and equipment on these projects that have resulted in thousands of good jobs throughout the State. These redeveloped sites have more than repaid the State's taxpayers investment with increased income, sales, and property taxes and elevated real estate values. In addition, the BCP has not favored one geographic area of the State over any other. Although New York City and Westchester projects on average have been larger in scope, actually more projects from Upstate have come through the program-hence, an equilibrium. The overriding problems in the program have come, not from the tax credits, but from issues of eligibility and the administration of the program. The original definition of a brownfield came from the Federal Environmental Protection Agency description that is extremely broad and was intended to aid states and localities in creating a site inventory, not to actually cleanup and redevelop identified sites. This definition had produced an impossible burden on DEC. These definitional problems have resulted in endless litigation, process delays, and a sense that the State cannot keep its commitments. This bill would provide DEC with a definition that will focus the program on sites that the market has determined are in great distress rather than eliminating the strengths of the program through giving government officials discretionary powers of the location, number, and types of cleanups and redevelopments. Except for globally hyper-competitive manufacturing projects, the program should remain neutral over the type of developments meriting support. The State cannot forget that the BCP is as much an economic development as an environmental program. The BCP should also not be used as an experiment for unproven sustainability and low-income housing programs. Furthermore, the bill would give private lenders more security about the programmatic requirements in the BCP and help assure that the State will keep its promises on incentives. Finally, it is absolutely essential that the sunsets in the current program be eliminated, as it is currently past the timeframe for a taxpayer to receive credits if these sunsets remain. FISCAL IMPLICATIONS: The bill is designed to be revenue neutral. Tighter eligibility standards would be offset by allowing State Superfund and RCRA sites into the program. Providing Personal Income Tax filers parity would be counterbalanced by removing incentives not driven by market criteria. Capping oversight fees on small projects would be more than made up by increased penalties for non-payment. The program would continue to expend approximately an estimated $400 million a year on around forty new projects per year throughout the State. EFFECTIVE DATE: This bill has an immediate effective date. However, the provisions of the bill would only apply to applications that have been accepted into the BCP on or after July 1, 2011.
2011-S5228 - Bill Text download pdf
S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________
5228
2011-2012 Regular Sessions
I N S E N A T E
May 3, 2011
___________
Introduced by Sen. GRISANTI -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
printed to be committed to the Committee on Environmental Conservation
AN ACT to amend the environmental conservation law, the public service
law, the general business law and the tax law, in relation to brown-
field site cleanup; to repeal subparagraph (D) of paragraph 3-a of
subdivision (a) of section 21 of the tax law relating thereto; and to
repeal section 31 of part H of chapter 1 of the laws of 2003 amending
the tax law relating to brownfield redevelopment tax credits, relating
thereto
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Subdivision 2 of section 27-1405 of the environmental
conservation law, as amended by section 2 of part A of chapter 577 of
the laws of 2004, is amended to read as follows:
2. (A) "Brownfield site" or "site" shall mean any real property, the
redevelopment or reuse of which [may be] IS complicated by the GROUND
SURFACE OR BELOW GROUND SURFACE LEVEL presence or [potential] SUSPECTED
presence of a contaminant REGARDLESS OF THE SOURCE OF SUCH CONTAMINANT.
A BROWNFIELD SITE IS CHARACTERIZED BY ANY OR ALL OF THE FOLLOWING:
(I) A CURRENT AND HISTORICAL LEGACY OF ABANDONMENT FROM PREVIOUS
INDUSTRIAL OR COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY.
(II) A CURRENT AND HISTORICAL LEGACY OF SEVERE ECONOMIC OR FUNCTIONAL
UNDERUTILIZATION INCLUDING USE OF SUCH SITE AS A HAZARDOUS WASTE OR
SOLID WASTE FACILITY.
(III) IN THE CASE OF A SITE CHARACTERIZED PRIMARILY BY INDUSTRIAL
ACTIVITY, FUNCTIONAL OBSOLESCENCE.
(B) Such term shall not include real property:
[(a)] (I) listed in the registry of inactive hazardous waste disposal
sites under section 27-1305 of this article at the time of application
to this program and given a classification as described in subparagraph
one or two of paragraph b of subdivision two of section 27-1305 of this
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD11103-03-1
S. 5228 2
article; provided, however except until July first, two thousand five,
real property listed in the registry of inactive hazardous waste
disposal sites under subparagraph two of paragraph b of subdivision two
of section 27-1305 of this article prior to the effective date of this
article, where such real property is owned by a volunteer shall not be
deemed ineligible to participate and further provided that the status of
any such site as listed in the registry shall not be altered prior to
the issuance of a certificate of completion pursuant to section 27-1419
of this title;
[(b)] (II) listed on the national priorities list established under
authority of 42 U.S.C. section 9605;
[(c)] (III) subject to an enforcement action under title seven or nine
of this article, [except] OR PERMITTED AS a treatment, storage or
disposal facility [subject to a permit]; provided, that nothing herein
contained shall be deemed otherwise to exclude from the scope of the
term "brownfield site" a hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal
facility having interim status according to regulations promulgated by
the commissioner;
[(d)] (IV) subject to an order for cleanup pursuant to article twelve
of the navigation law or pursuant to title ten of article seventeen of
this chapter except such property shall not be deemed ineligible if it
is subject to a stipulation agreement; or
[(e)] (V) subject to any other on-going state or federal environmental
enforcement action related to the contamination which is at or emanating
from the site subject to the present application.
(VI) PROVIDED HOWEVER FOR OTHERWISE INELIGIBLE SITES GIVEN A CLASSI-
FICATION AS DESCRIBED IN SUBPARAGRAPH TWO OR THREE OF PARAGRAPH B OF
SUBDIVISION TWO OF SECTION 27-1305 OF THIS ARTICLE, AND INELIGIBLE SITES
DESCRIBED IN SUBPARAGRAPH (III) OF THIS PARAGRAPH, A VOLUNTEER SHALL NOT
BE DEEMED INELIGIBLE TO PARTICIPATE IN REGARDS TO ANY SUCH INELIGIBLE
SITE IF SUCH VOLUNTEER INTENDS TO ACQUIRE AND REDEVELOP SUCH REAL PROP-
ERTY AND ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY, NOT FOR PAST COSTS INCURRED PRIOR TO THE
APPLICATION, BUT FOR ALL FUTURE COSTS TO COMPLETE ANY REMAINING INVESTI-
GATION AND REMEDIATION UPON ACQUISITION OF SUCH REAL PROPERTY, OR MAIN-
TAIN LONG TERM INSTITUTIONAL AND ENGINEERING CONTROLS OF THE SITE, AND
IMPLEMENT A REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT ON THE SITE, THE SITE CONFORMS TO THE
DEFINITION OF A BROWNFIELD SITE IN PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION,
AND ENTERS INTO A BROWNFIELD CLEANUP AGREEMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION 27-1409 OF THIS TITLE. ANY ON-GOING STATE ACTIONS AND/OR ORDERS
WILL NOT BE SUPERSEDED BY THE VOLUNTEER'S BROWNFIELD CLEANUP AGREEMENT,
BUT WILL REMAIN IN FULL FORCE AND EFFECT UNTIL SUCH TIME AS THE VOLUN-
TEER RECEIVES A CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION PURSUANT TO SECTION 27-1419 OF
THIS TITLE AND THEREAFTER TO THE EXTENT THE VOLUNTEER OR SUBSEQUENT
OWNER OR OPERATOR FAIL TO COMPLY WITH THE TERMS OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL
EASEMENT IF ONE HAD BEEN CREATED PURSUANT TO TITLE THIRTY-SIX OF ARTICLE
SEVENTY-ONE, OR AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT AS OF THIS CHAPTER PURSUANT TO
TITLE FORTY-FIVE OF ARTICLE SEVENTY-ONE OF THIS CHAPTER. IN THE EVENT
THE VOLUNTEER DOES NOT RECEIVE THE CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION OR SUCH
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION IS REVOKED FOR ANY REASON, ANY AND ALL STATE
ENFORCEMENTS ACTION IMMEDIATELY WILL RESUME AFTER TIMELY NOTICE TO ALL
PARTIES.
S 2. The opening paragraph of subdivision 2 of section 27-1409 of the
environmental conservation law is designated paragraph (a) and a new
paragraph (b) is added to read as follows:
(B) NOTWITHSTANDING ANY PROVISION OF LAW TO THE CONTRARY, ALL APPLI-
CANTS ACCEPTING PARTICIPATION IN THE BROWNFIELD CLEANUP PROGRAM SHALL
S. 5228 3
PAY ALL REASONABLE STATE COSTS, HOWEVER, SUCH STATE COSTS SHALL NOT
EXCEED FIVE PERCENT OF THE TOTAL SITE PREPARATION COSTS, AS DEFINED BY
PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVISION (B) OF SECTION TWENTY-ONE OF THE TAX LAW,
PAID OR INCURRED BY THE APPLICANT, AND THE TOTAL STATE COSTS OWED SHALL
BE PAYABLE UPON NINETY DAYS OF, (I) THE ISSUANCE OF THE CERTIFICATE OF
COMPLETION FOR THE PROJECT, OR, (II) UPON TERMINATION OF A PARTICIPANT'S
BROWNFIELD CLEANUP AGREEMENT BY THE DEPARTMENT FOR FAILURE TO SUBSTAN-
TIALLY COMPLY WITH SUCH AGREEMENT'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS, OR (III), THE
VOLUNTARY WITHDRAWAL OF THE APPLICANT. FAILURE TO REMIT DUE PAYMENTS TO
THE STATE SHALL RESULT IN THE REVOCATION OF SUCH CERTIFICATE OF
COMPLETION, AND WILL PROHIBIT ANY FUTURE PARTICIPATION OF AN APPLICANT
IN THE PROGRAM. PAYMENT OF STATE COSTS SHALL BE MADE TO THE HAZARDOUS
WASTE REMEDIAL FUND ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION NINETY-SEVEN-B OF
THE STATE FINANCE LAW.
S 3. Article 71 of the environmental conservation law is amended by
adding a new title 45 to read as follows:
TITLE 45
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS
SECTION 71-4501. SHORT TITLE.
71-4503. DECLARATION OF POLICY AND STATEMENT OF PURPOSE.
71-4505. DEFINITIONS.
71-4507. NATURE OF RIGHTS; SUBORDINATION OF INTERESTS.
71-4509. CONTENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT.
71-4511. VALIDITY; EFFECT ON OTHER INSTRUMENTS.
71-4513. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAND USE LAW.
71-4515. NOTICE.
71-4517. RECORDING.
71-4519. COORDINATION WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.
71-4521. DURATION.
71-4523. AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION BY CONSENT.
71-4525. ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT.
71-4527. UNIFORMITY OF APPLICATION AND CONSTRUCTION.
71-4529. REGULATIONS.
71-4531. SEVERABILITY.
S 71-4501. SHORT TITLE.
THIS TITLE SHALL BE KNOWN AND MAY BE CITED AS THE "UNIFORM ENVIRON-
MENTAL COVENANTS ACT".
S 71-4503. DECLARATION OF POLICY AND STATEMENT OF PURPOSE.
THE LEGISLATURE HEREBY FINDS AND DECLARES THAT CONTAMINATED SITE REME-
DIAL PROGRAMS ARE AN IMPORTANT AND NECESSARY COMPONENT OF THE STATE'S
POLICY OF RESTORING AND REVITALIZING REAL PROPERTY LOCATED THROUGHOUT
NEW YORK STATE. THE LEGISLATURE FURTHER FINDS THAT WHEN AN ENVIRONMENTAL
REMEDIATION PROJECT LEAVES RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION AT LEVELS THAT HAVE
BEEN DETERMINED TO BE SAFE FOR A SPECIFIC USE, BUT NOT ALL USES, OR
INCLUDES ENGINEERED STRUCTURES THAT MUST BE MAINTAINED OR PROTECTED
AGAINST DAMAGE TO BE EFFECTIVE, IT IS NECESSARY TO PROVIDE AN EFFECTIVE
AND ENFORCEABLE MEANS OF ENSURING THE PERFORMANCE OF MAINTENANCE, MONI-
TORING OR OPERATION REQUIREMENTS, AND OF ENSURING THE POTENTIAL
RESTRICTION OF FUTURE USES OF THE LAND, INCLUDING RESTRICTIONS ON DRILL-
ING FOR OR PUMPING GROUNDWATER, FOR AS LONG AS ANY RESIDUAL CONTAM-
INATION REMAINS HAZARDOUS. THE LEGISLATURE DECLARES, THEREFORE, THAT IT
IS IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST TO CREATE LAND USE CONTROLS IN THE FORM OF
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS BECAUSE SUCH ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS ARE NECES-
SARY FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT AND TO
ACHIEVE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR REMEDIATION ESTABLISHED AT CONTAMINATED
SITES. IT IS THE INTENT OF THE LEGISLATURE THAT THE PROVISIONS OF THIS
S. 5228 4
SECTION SHALL NOT BE CONSTRUED AS LIMITING OR OTHERWISE AFFECTING ANY
AUTHORITY CONFERRED UPON THE DEPARTMENT BY ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW.
S 71-4505. DEFINITIONS.
WHEN USED IN THIS TITLE:
1. "ACTIVITY AND USE LIMITATIONS" MEANS RESTRICTIONS OR OBLIGATIONS
CREATED UNDER THIS TITLE WITH RESPECT TO REAL PROPERTY.
2. "AFFECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT" MEANS EVERY MUNICIPALITY IN WHICH LAND
SUBJECT TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IS LOCATED.
3. "COMMON INTEREST COMMUNITY" MEANS A CONDOMINIUM, COOPERATIVE, OR
OTHER REAL PROPERTY ASSOCIATION OR ORGANIZATION WITH RESPECT TO WHICH A
PERSON, BY VIRTUE OF THE PERSON'S COMMON INTEREST, AS THAT TERM IS
DEFINED IN SECTION THREE HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE-E OF THE REAL PROPERTY LAW,
OR OWNERSHIP OF A UNIT, SHARE OR PARCEL OF REAL PROPERTY, IS OBLIGATED
TO PAY PROPERTY TAXES OR INSURANCE PREMIUMS, OR FOR MAINTENANCE, OR
IMPROVEMENT OF OTHER REAL PROPERTY DESCRIBED IN A RECORDED DECLARATION
OR COVENANT THAT CREATES THE COMMON INTEREST COMMUNITY.
4. "ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT" MEANS A SERVITUDE RUNNING WITH THE LAND
ARISING UNDER AN ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIAL PROGRAM THAT IMPOSES ACTIVITY
AND USE LIMITATIONS AS WELL AS MAINTENANCE, MONITORING OR OPERATION
REQUIREMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIAL PROGRAM.
5. "ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIAL PROGRAM" MEANS A REMEDIAL PROGRAM CONDUCTED
AT REAL PROPERTY:
(A) UNDER A FEDERAL OR STATE PROGRAM GOVERNING ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDI-
ATION OF REAL PROPERTY, INCLUDING REMEDIAL PROGRAMS PURSUANT TO TITLES
THIRTEEN AND FOURTEEN OF ARTICLE TWENTY-SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER, TITLE
FIVE OF ARTICLE FIFTY-SIX OF THIS CHAPTER AND ARTICLE TWELVE OF THE
NAVIGATION LAW;
(B) INCIDENT TO A DEPARTMENT-APPROVED CLOSURE OF A SOLID OR HAZARDOUS
WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT;
(C) UNDER A CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN PURSUANT TO TITLE NINE OF ARTICLE
TWENTY-SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER; OR
(D) UNDER OTHER DEPARTMENT REMEDIAL PROGRAMS.
6. "HOLDER" MEANS THE GRANTEE OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT AS SPECI-
FIED IN SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION 71-4507 OF THIS TITLE.
7. "PERSON" MEANS AN INDIVIDUAL, CORPORATION, BUSINESS TRUST, ESTATE,
TRUST, PARTNERSHIP, LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY, ASSOCIATION, JOINT
VENTURE, PUBLIC CORPORATION, GOVERNMENT, GOVERNMENTAL SUBDIVISION, AGEN-
CY, OR INSTRUMENTALITY, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL OR COMMERCIAL ENTITY.
8. "RECORD", USED AS A NOUN, MEANS INFORMATION THAT IS INSCRIBED ON A
TANGIBLE MEDIUM OR THAT IS STORED IN AN ELECTRONIC OR OTHER MEDIUM AND
IS RETRIEVABLE IN PERCEIVABLE FORM.
S 71-4507. NATURE OF RIGHTS; SUBORDINATION OF INTERESTS.
1. THE DEPARTMENT SHALL BE A HOLDER AND MAY IDENTIFY ONE OR MORE ADDI-
TIONAL HOLDERS OR BENEFICIARIES. THE INTEREST OF A HOLDER IS AN INTEREST
IN REAL PROPERTY.
2. A RIGHT OF THE DEPARTMENT OR OTHER INTENDED BENEFICIARY UNDER THIS
TITLE OR UNDER AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT, OTHER THAN A RIGHT AS A HOLD-
ER, IS NOT AN INTEREST IN REAL PROPERTY.
3. THE DEPARTMENT IS BOUND BY ANY OBLIGATION IT ASSUMES IN AN ENVIRON-
MENTAL COVENANT, BUT THE DEPARTMENT DOES NOT ASSUME OBLIGATIONS MERELY
BY SIGNING AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT. ANY OTHER PERSON THAT SIGNS AN
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IS BOUND BY THE OBLIGATIONS THE PERSON ASSUMES IN
THE COVENANT, BUT SIGNING THE COVENANT DOES NOT CHANGE OBLIGATIONS,
RIGHTS, OR PROTECTIONS GRANTED OR IMPOSED UNDER LAW OTHER THAN THIS
TITLE EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN THE COVENANT.
S. 5228 5
4. THE FOLLOWING RULES APPLY TO INTERESTS IN REAL PROPERTY IN EXIST-
ENCE AT THE TIME AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IS CREATED OR AMENDED:
(A) AN INTEREST THAT HAS PRIORITY UNDER OTHER LAW IS NOT AFFECTED BY
AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT UNLESS THE PERSON THAT OWNS THE INTEREST
SUBORDINATES THAT INTEREST TO THE COVENANT.
(B) THIS TITLE DOES NOT REQUIRE A PERSON THAT OWNS A PRIOR INTEREST TO
SUBORDINATE THAT INTEREST TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT OR TO AGREE TO BE
BOUND BY THE COVENANT.
(C) A SUBORDINATION AGREEMENT MAY BE CONTAINED IN AN ENVIRONMENTAL
COVENANT COVERING REAL PROPERTY OR IN A SEPARATE RECORD. IF THE ENVIRON-
MENTAL COVENANT COVERS COMMONLY OWNED PROPERTY IN A COMMON INTEREST
COMMUNITY, THE SUBORDINATE AGREEMENT OR RECORD MAY BE SIGNED BY ANY
PERSON AUTHORIZED BY LAW, A RECORDED INSTRUMENT, OR THE GOVERNING BOARD
OF THE OWNERS' ASSOCIATION TO BIND THE COMMON INTEREST COMMUNITY.
(D) AN AGREEMENT BY A PERSON TO SUBORDINATE A PRIOR INTEREST TO AN
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT AFFECTS THE PRIORITY OF THAT PERSON'S INTEREST
BUT DOES NOT BY ITSELF IMPOSE ANY AFFIRMATIVE OBLIGATION ON THE PERSON
WITH RESPECT TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT.
5. THE DEPARTMENT MAY REQUIRE THAT A SUBORDINATION AGREEMENT BE
OBTAINED AS A CONDITION OF ACCEPTING AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT TO
PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT.
S 71-4509. CONTENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT.
1. AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT MUST BE ON A FORM PRESCRIBED BY THE
DEPARTMENT AND:
(A) BE GRANTED BY THE TITLE OWNERS OF THE RELEVANT REAL ESTATE ONLY BY
AN INSTRUMENT THAT COMPLIES WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 5-703 OF
THE GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW AND IS SIGNED AND ACKNOWLEDGED IN THE MANNER
OF A DEED TO BE RECORDED;
(B) STATE THAT THE INSTRUMENT IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT EXECUTED
PURSUANT TO THIS TITLE;
(C) DESCRIBE THE PROPERTY ENCUMBERED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT BY
ADEQUATE LEGAL DESCRIPTION OR BY REFERENCE TO A RECORDED MAP SHOWING ITS
BOUNDARIES AND BEARING THE SEAL AND SIGNATURE OF A LICENSED LAND
SURVEYOR OR, IF THE COVENANT ENCUMBERS THE ENTIRE PROPERTY DESCRIBED IN
A DEED OF RECORD, THE COVENANT MAY INCORPORATE BY REFERENCE THE
DESCRIPTION IN SUCH DEED, OTHERWISE IT SHALL REFER TO THE LIBER AND PAGE
OF THE DEED OR DEEDS OF THE RECORD OWNER OR OWNERS OF THE REAL PROPERTY
BURDENED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT;
(D) DESCRIBE THE ACTIVITY AND USE LIMITATIONS ON THE REAL PROPERTY;
(E) INCLUDE ANY ENGINEERING CONTROLS AND/OR MAINTENANCE REQUIRED FOR
THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT OR PROVIDE A REFERENCE TO PUBLICLY AVAILABLE
DOCUMENTS CONTAINING SUCH INFORMATION;
(F) DESCRIBE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR NOTICE FOLLOWING TRANSFER OF A SPEC-
IFIED INTEREST IN, OR CONCERNING PROPOSED CHANGES IN USE OF, APPLICA-
TIONS FOR BUILDING PERMITS FOR, OR PROPOSALS FOR ANY SITE WORK AFFECTING
THE CONTAMINATION ON THE PROPERTY SUBJECT TO THE COVENANT;
(G) DESCRIBE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR PERIODIC REPORTING DESCRIBING
COMPLIANCE WITH THE COVENANT;
(H) DESCRIBE THE RIGHTS OF ACCESS TO THE PROPERTY GRANTED IN
CONNECTION WITH IMPLEMENTATION OR ENFORCEMENT OF THE COVENANT, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE RIGHT OF AGENTS, EMPLOYEES, OR OTHER REPRESEN-
TATIVES OF THE STATE TO ENTER AND INSPECT THE PROPERTY BURDENED BY AN
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IN A REASONABLE MANNER AND AT REASONABLE TIMES TO
ASSURE COMPLIANCE WITH THE RESTRICTION;
(I) IDENTIFY THE DEPARTMENT AS THE HOLDER AND, IF APPROPRIATE, THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OR OTHER APPROPRIATE PARTY AS AN ADDITIONAL HOLDER OR
S. 5228 6
INTENDED THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARY. IF THERE IS A HOLDER IN ADDITION TO
THE DEPARTMENT, THE DEPARTMENT MUST APPROVE THE HOLDER, AND THE HOLDER
MUST AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THE COVENANT;
(J) INCLUDE AN ACKNOWLEDGMENT BY THE DEPARTMENT OF ITS ACCEPTANCE OF
THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT;
(K) BE SIGNED BY EVERY HOLDER AND, UNLESS WAIVED BY THE DEPARTMENT,
EVERY OWNER OF THE FEE SIMPLE OF THE REAL PROPERTY SUBJECT TO THE COVEN-
ANT;
(L) IDENTIFY THE NAME AND LOCATION OF ANY ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD FOR
THE ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIAL PROGRAM REFLECTED IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVEN-
ANT;
(M) INCLUDE AN AGREEMENT TO INCORPORATE, EITHER IN FULL OR BY REFER-
ENCE, THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IN ANY LEASES, LICENSES, OR OTHER
INSTRUMENTS GRANTING A RIGHT TO USE THE PROPERTY THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY
SUCH COVENANT; AND
(N) THE DEPARTMENT MAY REQUIRE THAT INFORMATION DELINEATED IN PARA-
GRAPHS (D), (E), (F), (G) AND (H) OF THIS SUBDIVISION BE ENUMERATED IN A
SITE MANAGEMENT PLAN IN LIEU OF BEING SET FORTH IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL
COVENANT.
2. IN ADDITION TO THE INFORMATION REQUIRED BY SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS
SECTION, AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT MAY CONTAIN OTHER INFORMATION,
RESTRICTIONS, AND REQUIREMENTS AGREED TO BY THE PERSONS WHO SIGNED IT,
INCLUDING ANY:
(A) LIMITATION ON AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION OF THE COVENANT IN ADDITION
TO THOSE CONTAINED IN SECTIONS 71-4521 AND 71-4523 OF THIS TITLE; AND
(B) RIGHTS OF THE HOLDER IN ADDITION TO ITS RIGHT TO ENFORCE THE
COVENANT PURSUANT TO SECTION 71-4525 OF THIS TITLE.
3. IN ADDITION TO OTHER CONDITIONS FOR ITS APPROVAL OF AN ENVIRON-
MENTAL COVENANT, THE DEPARTMENT MAY REQUIRE THOSE PERSONS SPECIFIED BY
THE DEPARTMENT WHO HAVE INTERESTS IN THE REAL PROPERTY TO SIGN THE
COVENANT.
4. THE TITLE OWNERS SHALL FURNISH TO THE DEPARTMENT ABSTRACTS OF TITLE
AND OTHER DOCUMENTS SUFFICIENT TO ENABLE THE DEPARTMENT TO DETERMINE
THAT THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS SHALL BE AN EFFECTIVE AND ENFORCEABLE
MEANS OF ENSURING:
(A) THE PERFORMANCE OF MAINTENANCE, MONITORING AND OPERATING REQUIRE-
MENTS; AND
(B) ACTIVITIES AND USE LIMITATIONS.
5. UNTIL SUCH TIME AS THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IS EXTINGUISHED, THE
PROPERTY DEED AND ALL SUBSEQUENT INSTRUMENTS OF CONVEYANCE RELATING TO
THE SUBJECT PROPERTY SHALL STATE IN AT LEAST FIFTEEN-POINT BOLD-FACED
TYPE: "THIS PROPERTY IS SUBJECT TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT HELD BY
THE NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION PURSUANT TO
TITLE 45 OF ARTICLE 71 OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LAW." THE PROP-
ERTY DEED AND ALL SUBSEQUENT INSTRUMENTS OF CONVEYANCE RELATING TO THE
PROPERTY ENCUMBERED BY THE COVENANT SHALL REFERENCE, BY BOOK AND PAGE
NUMBER, THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT. SUCH DEED AND INSTRUMENT SHALL ALSO
SPECIFY THAT THE ELIGIBLE PROPERTY IS SUBJECT TO THE RESTRICTIONS
CONTAINED IN SUCH COVENANT. AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE PURPOSE OF CREATING,
CONVEYING, MODIFYING, OR TERMINATING AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT SHALL NOT
BE EFFECTIVE UNLESS RECORDED.
S 71-4511. VALIDITY; EFFECT ON OTHER INSTRUMENTS.
1. AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT THAT COMPLIES WITH THIS TITLE RUNS WITH
THE LAND.
2. AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT THAT IS OTHERWISE EFFECTIVE IS VALID AND
ENFORCEABLE EVEN IF:
S. 5228 7
(A) IT IS NOT APPURTENANT TO AN INTEREST IN REAL PROPERTY;
(B) IT IS NOT OF A CHARACTER THAT HAS BEEN RECOGNIZED TRADITIONALLY AT
COMMON LAW;
(C) IT IMPOSES A NEGATIVE BURDEN;
(D) IT IMPOSES AN AFFIRMATIVE OBLIGATION ON A PERSON HAVING AN INTER-
EST IN THE REAL PROPERTY OR ON THE HOLDER;
(E) THE BENEFIT OR BURDEN DOES NOT TOUCH OR CONCERN REAL PROPERTY; OR
(F) THERE IS NO PRIVITY OF ESTATE OR CONTRACT.
3. AN INSTRUMENT THAT CREATES RESTRICTIONS OR OBLIGATIONS WITH RESPECT
TO REAL PROPERTY THAT WOULD QUALIFY AS ACTIVITY AND USE LIMITATIONS
EXCEPT FOR THE FACT THAT THE INSTRUMENT WAS RECORDED BEFORE THE EFFEC-
TIVE DATE OF THIS TITLE IS NOT INVALID OR UNENFORCEABLE BECAUSE OF ANY
OF THE LIMITATIONS ON ENFORCEMENT OF INTERESTS DESCRIBED IN SUBDIVISION
TWO OR BECAUSE IT WAS IDENTIFIED AS AN EASEMENT, SERVITUDE, DEED
RESTRICTION, OR OTHER INTEREST. THIS TITLE DOES NOT APPLY IN ANY OTHER
RESPECT TO SUCH AN INSTRUMENT.
4. THIS TITLE DOES NOT INVALIDATE OR RENDER UNENFORCEABLE ANY INTER-
EST, WHETHER DESIGNATED AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT OR OTHER INTEREST,
THAT IS OTHERWISE ENFORCEABLE UNDER THE LAWS OF THIS STATE.
5. THIS TITLE SHALL NOT AFFECT ANY INTERESTS OR RIGHTS IN REAL PROPER-
TY WHICH ARE NOT ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS, AND SHALL NOT AFFECT THE
RIGHTS OF OWNERS TO CONVEY ANY INTERESTS IN REAL PROPERTY WHICH THEY
COULD NOW CREATE UNDER EXISTING LAW WITHOUT REFERENCE TO THE TERMS OF
THIS TITLE. NOTHING IN THIS TITLE SHALL DIMINISH THE POWERS GRANTED BY
ANY OTHER LAW TO ACQUIRE INTERESTS OR RIGHTS IN REAL PROPERTY BY
PURCHASE, GIFT, EMINENT DOMAIN, OR OTHERWISE AND TO USE THE SAME FOR
PUBLIC PURPOSES.
S 71-4513. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAND USE LAW.
THIS TITLE DOES NOT AUTHORIZE A USE OF REAL PROPERTY THAT IS OTHERWISE
PROHIBITED BY ZONING, BY LAW OTHER THAN THIS TITLE REGULATING USE OF
REAL PROPERTY, OR BY A RECORDED INSTRUMENT THAT HAS PRIORITY OVER THE
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT. AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT MAY PROHIBIT OR
RESTRICT USES OF REAL PROPERTY WHICH ARE AUTHORIZED BY ZONING OR BY LAW
OTHER THAN THIS TITLE.
S 71-4515. NOTICE.
1. A COPY OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT, AND ANY AMENDMENT OR TERMI-
NATION THEREOF, SHALL BE PROVIDED IN THE MANNER REQUIRED BY THE DEPART-
MENT TO:
(A) EACH PERSON THAT SIGNED THE COVENANT;
(B) EACH PERSON HOLDING A RECORDED INTEREST IN THE REAL PROPERTY
SUBJECT TO THE COVENANT;
(C) EACH PERSON IN POSSESSION OF THE REAL PROPERTY SUBJECT TO THE
COVENANT;
(D) EACH AFFECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT; AND
(E) ANY OTHER PERSON THE DEPARTMENT REQUIRES.
2. THE VALIDITY OF A COVENANT IS NOT AFFECTED BY FAILURE TO PROVIDE A
COPY OF THE COVENANT AS REQUIRED UNDER THIS SECTION.
3. THE DEPARTMENT SHALL INCLUDE A COPY OF EACH ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT
IN THE DATABASE CREATED PURSUANT TO SECTION 27-1415 OF THIS CHAPTER AND
MAKE SUCH DATABASE READILY SEARCHABLE.
S 71-4517. RECORDING.
1. AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT AND ANY AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION OF THE
COVENANT MUST BE RECORDED IN THE OFFICE OF THE RECORDING OFFICER IN THE
MANNER PRESCRIBED BY ARTICLE NINE OF THE REAL PROPERTY LAW IN EVERY
COUNTY IN WHICH ANY PORTION OF THE REAL PROPERTY SUBJECT TO THE COVENANT
S. 5228 8
IS LOCATED. FOR PURPOSES OF INDEXING, A HOLDER SHALL BE TREATED AS A
GRANTEE.
2. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION TWO OF SECTION 71-4521
OF THIS TITLE, AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IS SUBJECT TO THE LAWS OF THIS
STATE GOVERNING RECORDING AND PRIORITY OF INTERESTS IN REAL PROPERTY.
S 71-4519. COORDINATION WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.
WHENEVER AN AFFECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT RECEIVES AN APPLICATION FOR A
BUILDING PERMIT OR ANY OTHER APPLICATION AFFECTING LAND USE OR DEVELOP-
MENT OF LAND THAT IS SUBJECT TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT AND THAT MAY
RELATE TO OR IMPACT SUCH COVENANT, THE AFFECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT SHALL
NOTIFY THE DEPARTMENT AND REFER SUCH APPLICATION TO THE DEPARTMENT. THE
DEPARTMENT SHALL EVALUATE WHETHER THE APPLICATION IS CONSISTENT WITH THE
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT AND SHALL NOTIFY THE AFFECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF
ITS DETERMINATION IN A TIMELY FASHION, CONSIDERING THE TIME FRAME FOR
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT'S REVIEW OF THE APPLICATION. THE AFFECTED LOCAL
GOVERNMENT SHALL NOT APPROVE THE APPLICATION UNTIL IT RECEIVES APPROVAL
FROM THE DEPARTMENT.
S 71-4521. DURATION.
1. AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IS PERPETUAL UNLESS IT IS:
(A) BY ITS TERMS LIMITED TO A SPECIFIC DURATION OR TERMINATED BY THE
OCCURRENCE OF A SPECIFIC EVENT; OR
(B) EXTINGUISHED OR AMENDED BY A RELEASE OR AMENDMENT OF THE ENVIRON-
MENTAL COVENANT EXECUTED BY THE DEPARTMENT AND FILED WITH THE OFFICE OF
THE RECORDING OFFICER FOR THE COUNTY OR COUNTIES WHERE THE LAND IS SITU-
ATED IN THE MANNER PRESCRIBED BY ARTICLE NINE OF THE REAL PROPERTY LAW.
2. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS SECTION, AN
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT MAY NOT BE EXTINGUISHED, LIMITED, OR IMPAIRED
THROUGH FORECLOSURE OF A LIEN, ISSUANCE OF A TAX DEED, FORECLOSURE OF A
TAX LIEN, OR APPLICATION OF THE DOCTRINE OF ADVERSE POSSESSION,
PRESCRIPTION, EMINENT DOMAIN, ABANDONMENT, WAIVER, LACK OF ENFORCEMENT,
OR ACQUIESCENCE, OR A SIMILAR DOCTRINE.
S 71-4523. AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION BY CONSENT.
1. AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT MAY BE AMENDED OR TERMINATED BY CONSENT
ONLY IF THE AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION IS SIGNED IN THE MANNER PRESCRIBED
BY SECTION 71-4509 OF THIS TITLE BY:
(A) THE DEPARTMENT; AND
(B) UNLESS WAIVED BY THE DEPARTMENT, THE CURRENT OWNER OF THE FEE
SIMPLE OF THE REAL PROPERTY SUBJECT TO THE COVENANT.
2. IF AN INTEREST IN REAL PROPERTY IS SUBJECT TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL
COVENANT, THE INTEREST IS NOT AFFECTED BY AN AMENDMENT OF THE COVENANT
UNLESS THE CURRENT OWNER OF THE INTEREST CONSENTS TO THE AMENDMENT OR
HAS WAIVED IN A WRITING, SIGNED IN THE MANNER PRESCRIBED BY SECTION
71-4509 OF THIS TITLE, THE RIGHT TO CONSENT TO AMENDMENTS.
S 71-4525. ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT.
1. A CIVIL ACTION FOR INJUNCTIVE OR OTHER EQUITABLE RELIEF FOR
VIOLATION OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT MAY BE MAINTAINED BY:
(A) A PARTY TO THE COVENANT;
(B) THE DEPARTMENT;
(C) ANY AFFECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT;
(D) ANY PERSON TO WHOM THE COVENANT EXPRESSLY GRANTS POWER TO ENFORCE,
OR IS IDENTIFIED IN THE COVENANT AS AN INTENDED BENEFICIARY; OR
(E) A PERSON WHOSE INTEREST IN THE REAL PROPERTY OR WHOSE COLLATERAL
OR LIABILITY MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE ALLEGED VIOLATION OF THE COVENANT.
2. THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IS ENFORCEABLE AGAINST THE OWNER OF THE
BURDENED PROPERTY, ANY LESSEES, AND ANY PERSON USING THE LAND.
S. 5228 9
3. A PERSON IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR OR SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR ENVI-
RONMENTAL REMEDIATION SOLELY BECAUSE IT HAS THE RIGHT TO ENFORCE AN
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT.
4. ENFORCEMENT SHALL NOT BE DEFEATED BECAUSE OF ANY SUBSEQUENT ADVERSE
POSSESSION, LACHES, ESTOPPEL, OR WAIVER. NO GENERAL LAW OF THE STATE
WHICH OPERATES TO DEFEAT THE ENFORCEMENT OF ANY INTEREST IN REAL PROPER-
TY SHALL OPERATE TO DEFEAT THE ENFORCEMENT OF ANY ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT
UNLESS SUCH GENERAL LAW EXPRESSLY STATES THE INTENT TO DEFEAT THE
ENFORCEMENT OF SUCH COVENANT OR PROVIDES FOR THE EXERCISE OF THE POWER
OF EMINENT DOMAIN.
5. FOR ANY PERSON WHO INTENTIONALLY VIOLATES AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT
THE DEPARTMENT MAY REVOKE THE CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION PROVIDED BY
SECTION 27-1419 OF THIS CHAPTER AS TO THE RELEVANT REAL ESTATE.
S 71-4527. UNIFORMITY OF APPLICATION AND CONSTRUCTION.
IN APPLYING AND CONSTRUING THIS TITLE, CONSIDERATION MUST BE GIVEN TO
THE NEED TO PROMOTE UNIFORMITY OF THE LAW WITH RESPECT TO ITS SUBJECT
MATTER AMONG STATES THAT ENACT IT.
S 71-4529. REGULATIONS.
THE DEPARTMENT IS AUTHORIZED TO PROMULGATE RULES AND REGULATIONS
NECESSARY AND APPROPRIATE TO CARRY OUT THE PURPOSES OF THIS TITLE.
S 71-4531. SEVERABILITY.
THE PROVISIONS OF THIS TITLE SHALL BE SEVERABLE, AND IF ANY CLAUSE,
SENTENCE, PARAGRAPH, SUBDIVISION, OR PART OF THIS TITLE SHALL BE
ADJUDGED BY ANY COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION TO BE INVALID, SUCH
JUDGMENT SHALL NOT AFFECT, IMPAIR OR INVALIDATE THE REMAINDER THEREOF,
BUT SHALL BE CONFINED IN ITS OPERATION TO THE CLAUSE, SENTENCE, PARA-
GRAPH, SUBDIVISION, OR PART THEREOF DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN THE CONTROVERSY
IN WHICH SUCH JUDGMENT SHALL HAVE BEEN RENDERED; PROVIDED THAT IF AN
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT CREATED PURSUANT TO THIS TITLE IS DETERMINED BY
ANY COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION TO BE LAND OR WATER OR AN INTEREST
IN LAND OR WATER SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE FOURTEEN OF THE
CONSTITUTION, THEN THE AUTHORITY OF THE STATE TO HOLD OR ACQUIRE SUCH
COVENANT AND THE CONVEYANCE TO THE STATE OF SUCH COVENANT SHALL BE VOID
AB INITIO.
S 4. Subdivision (b) of section 27-1318 of the environmental conserva-
tion law, as amended by section 2 of part E of chapter 577 of the laws
of 2004, is amended to read as follows:
(b) Within sixty days of commencement of the remedial design, the
owner of an inactive hazardous waste disposal site, and/or any person
responsible for implementing a remedial program at such site, where
institutional or engineering controls are employed pursuant to this
title, shall execute an environmental easement pursuant to title thir-
ty-six of article seventy-one of this chapter OR AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVEN-
ANT PURSUANT TO TITLE FORTY-FIVE OF ARTICLE SEVENTY-ONE OF THIS CHAPTER.
S 5. Paragraph (d) of subdivision 7 of section 27-1415 of the environ-
mental conservation law, as added by section 1 of part A of chapter 1 of
the laws of 2003, is amended to read as follows:
(d) The commissioner shall create, update, and maintain a database
system for public information purposes and to monitor and track all
brownfield sites subject to this title. Data incorporated into such
system for each site for which information has been collected pursuant
to this title shall include, but shall not be limited to, a site summa-
ry, name of site owner, location, status of site remedial activity,
[and, if one has been created pursuant to title thirty-six of article
seventy-one of this chapter, a copy of the environmental easement,] and
a contact number to obtain additional information. THE DATABASE SHALL
S. 5228 10
ALSO INCLUDE FOR EACH SITE A COPY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL EASEMENT, IF ONE
HAS BEEN CREATED PURSUANT TO TITLE THIRTY-SIX OF ARTICLE SEVENTY-ONE OF
THIS CHAPTER, OR A COPY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT, IF ONE HAS BEEN
CREATED PURSUANT TO TITLE FORTY-FIVE OF ARTICLE SEVENTY-ONE OF THIS
CHAPTER. Sites shall be added to such system upon the execution of a
brownfield site cleanup agreement [pursuant to section 27-1409 of this
title]. If and when an environmental easement OR COVENANT is modified or
extinguished, the copy of the environmental easement OR COVENANT
contained in the database shall be updated accordingly. Such database
shall be in such a format that it can be readily searched by affected
local governments and the public for purposes including but not limited
to determining whether an environmental easement OR COVENANT has been
recorded for a site pursuant to title thirty-six OR FORTY-FIVE of arti-
cle seventy-one of this chapter. The database shall be available elec-
tronically. Information from this database shall be incorporated into
the geographic information system created and maintained by the depart-
ment pursuant to section 3-0315 of this chapter.
S 6. Paragraph (e) of subdivision 2 of section 27-1419 of the environ-
mental conservation law, as added by section 1 of part A of chapter 1 of
the laws of 2003, is amended to read as follows:
(e) a certification that any use restrictions, institutional controls,
engineering controls and/or any operation and maintenance requirements
applicable to the site are contained in an environmental easement
created and recorded pursuant to title thirty-six of article seventy-one
of this chapter OR AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT CREATED AND RECORDED PURSU-
ANT TO TITLE FORTY-FIVE OF SUCH ARTICLE and that any affected local
governments, as defined in title thirty-six of SUCH article [seventy-one
of this chapter] have been notified that such easement OR COVENANT has
been recorded;
S 7. Paragraph (g) of subdivision 2 of section 56-0503 of the environ-
mental conservation law, as amended by section 4 of part D of chapter 1
of the laws of 2003, is amended to read as follows:
(g) An agreement by the municipality that it shall put into place any
engineering and/or institutional controls (including environmental ease-
ments pursuant to title thirty-six of article seventy-one of this chap-
ter OR ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS PURSUANT TO TITLE FORTY-FIVE OF SUCH
ARTICLE) that the department may deem necessary to allow the contem-
plated use to proceed, that such engineering and/or institutional
controls shall be binding on such municipality, any successor in title,
and any lessees and that any successors in title and any lessees cannot
challenge state enforcement of such controls;
S 8. Subdivision 5 of section 119-b of the public service law, as
amended by chapter 445 of the laws of 1995, is amended to read as
follows:
5. Any person operating a one-call system in the state shall (A)
register with and obtain certification from the commission. The commis-
sion shall have the power to grant, amend, or revoke certificates of any
such system. Any one-call system engaged in business on or before the
effective date of this subdivision, after registration with the commis-
sion, shall be registered, certified and authorized to continue its
business operations; AND (B) PROVIDE THE COMMISSIONER OF THE DEPARTMENT
OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, AT NO COST, THE INFORMATION RECEIVED AND
MAINTAINED BY SUCH ONE-CALL SYSTEM IN AN ELECTRONIC FORMAT NO LESS
FREQUENTLY THAN ONE TIME PER WEEK.
S. 5228 11
S 9. Paragraph a of subdivision 2 of section 761 of the general busi-
ness law, as amended by chapter 445 of the laws of 1995, is amended to
read as follows:
a. Receive notices from excavators of proposed excavation and demoli-
tion activities and transmit the information contained in such notices
to every member that operates an underground facility in the area of the
proposed activities AS WELL AS ELECTRONICALLY TRANSMITTING THE INFORMA-
TION CONTAINED IN SUCH NOTICES TO THE COMMISSIONER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION;
S 10. Paragraph 5 of subdivision (a) of section 21 of the tax law, as
amended by section 1 of part H of chapter 577 of the laws of 2004, is
amended to read as follows:
(5) Applicable percentage. For purposes of paragraphs two, three and
four of this subdivision, the applicable percentage shall be twelve
percent [in the case of credits claimed under article nine, nine-A,
thirty-two or thirty-three of this chapter, and ten percent in the case
of credits claimed under article twenty-two of this chapter,] except
that where at least fifty percent of the area of the qualified site
relating to the credit provided for in this section is located in an
environmental zone as defined in paragraph six of subdivision (b) of
this section, the applicable percentage shall be increased by an addi-
tional eight percent. Provided, however, as afforded in section 27-1419
of the environmental conservation law, if the certificate of completion
indicates that the qualified site has been remediated to Track 1 as that
term is described in subdivision four of section 27-1415 of the environ-
mental conservation law, the applicable percentage set forth in the
first sentence of this paragraph shall be increased by an additional two
percent.
S 11. Subparagraph (A) of paragraph 3-a of subdivision (a) of section
21 of the tax law, as added by chapter 390 of the laws of 2008, is
amended to read as follows:
(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, the
tangible property credit component available for any qualified site
pursuant to paragraph three of this subdivision shall not exceed thir-
ty-five million dollars or three times THE SUM OF the costs included in
the calculation of the site preparation credit component and the on-site
groundwater remediation credit component under paragraphs two and four,
respectively, of this subdivision, AND THE COSTS THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN
INCLUDED IN THE CALCULATION OF SUCH COMPONENTS IF NOT TREATED AS AN
EXPENSE AND DEDUCTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 198 OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE
CODE, whichever is less; provided, however, that: (1) in the case of a
qualified site to be used primarily for manufacturing activities, the
tangible property credit component available for any qualified site
pursuant to paragraph three of this subdivision shall not exceed
[forty-five] ONE HUNDRED FIFTY million dollars or [six] TWENTY times THE
SUM OF the costs included in the calculation of the site preparation
credit component and the on-site groundwater remediation credit compo-
nent under paragraphs two and four, respectively, of this subdivision,
AND THE COSTS THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN INCLUDED IN THE CALCULATION OF SUCH
COMPONENTS IF NOT TREATED AS AN EXPENSE AND DEDUCTED PURSUANT TO SECTION
198 OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE, whichever is less; and (2) the
provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to any qualified site for
which the department of environmental conservation has issued a notice
to the taxpayer before June twenty-third, two thousand eight that its
request for participation has been accepted under subdivision six of
section 27-1407 of the environmental conservation law.
S. 5228 12
S 12. Subparagraph (D) of paragraph 3-a of subdivision (a) of section
21 of the tax law is REPEALED.
S 13. Paragraph 6 of subdivision (b) of section 21 of the tax law, as
amended by section 1 of part H of chapter 577 of the laws of 2004,
subparagraph (B) and the closing paragraph as amended by section 1 of
part G of chapter 62 of the laws of 2006, is amended to read as follows:
(6) Environmental zones (EN-Zones). An "environmental zone" shall mean
an area designated as such by the commissioner of economic development.
Such areas so designated are areas which are census tracts and block
numbering areas which, as of the [two thousand] MOST RECENT census,
satisfy either of the following criteria:
(A) areas that have both:
(i) a poverty rate of at least twenty percent for the year to which
the data relate; and
(ii) an unemployment rate of at least one and one-quarter times the
statewide unemployment rate for the year to which the data relate, or;
(B) areas that have a poverty rate of at least two times the poverty
rate for the county in which the areas are located for the year to which
the data relate [provided, however, that a qualified site shall only be
deemed to be located in an environmental zone under this subparagraph
(B) if such site was the subject of a brownfield site cleanup agreement
pursuant to section 27-1409 of the environmental conservation law that
was entered into prior to September first, two thousand ten].
Such designation shall be made and a list of all such environmental
zones shall be established by the commissioner of economic development
no later than December thirty-first, two thousand [four provided, howev-
er, that a qualified site shall only be deemed to be located in an envi-
ronmental zone under subparagraph (B) of this paragraph if such site was
the subject of a brownfield site cleanup agreement pursuant to section
27-1409 of the environmental conservation law that was entered into
prior to September first, two thousand ten] ELEVEN.
S 14. Paragraph 5 of subdivision (a) of section 22 of the tax law, as
amended by section 4 of part H of chapter 577 of the laws of 2004,
subparagraph (B) and the closing paragraph as amended by section 2 of
part G of chapter 62 of the laws of 2006, is amended to read as follows:
(5) Environmental zones (EN-Zones). An "environmental zone" shall mean
an area designated as such by the commissioner of economic development.
Such areas so designated are areas which are census tracts and block
numbering areas which, as of the [two thousand] MOST RECENT census,
satisfy either of the following criteria:
(A) areas that have both:
(i) a poverty rate of at least twenty percent for the year to which
the data relate;
(ii) an unemployment rate of at least one and one-quarter times the
statewide unemployment rate for the year to which the data relate, or;
(B) areas that have a poverty rate of at least two times the poverty
rate for the county in which the areas are located for the year to which
the data relate[, provided, however, that a qualified site shall only be
deemed to be located in an environmental zone under this subparagraph
(B) if such site was the subject of a brownfield site cleanup agreement
pursuant to section 27-1409 of the environmental conservation law that
was entered into prior to September first, two thousand ten].
Such designation shall be made and a list of all such environmental
zones shall be established by the commissioner of economic development
no later than December thirty-first, two thousand [four provided, howev-
er, that a qualified site shall only be deemed to be located in an envi-
S. 5228 13
ronmental zone under subparagraph (B) of this paragraph if such site was
the subject of a brownfield site cleanup agreement pursuant to section
27-1409 of the environmental conservation law that was entered into
prior to September first, two thousand ten] ELEVEN.
S 15. Subdivision (a) of section 23 of the tax law, as amended by
section 10 of part H of chapter 577 of the laws of 2004, is amended to
read as follows:
(a) Allowance of credit. General. A taxpayer subject to tax under
article nine, nine-A, twenty-two, thirty-two or thirty-three of this
chapter shall be allowed a credit against such tax, pursuant to the
provisions referenced in subdivision (e) of this section. The amount of
such credit shall be equal to the lesser of [thirty] NINETY thousand
dollars or fifty percent of the premiums paid on or after the date of
the brownfield site cleanup agreement executed by the taxpayer and the
department of environmental conservation pursuant to section 27-1409 of
the environmental conservation law by the taxpayer for environmental
remediation insurance issued with respect to a qualified site.
S 16. Section 31 of part H of chapter 1 of the laws of 2003 amending
the tax law relating to brownfield redevelopment tax credits, is
REPEALED.
S 17. Severability. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivision,
section or part of this act shall be adjudged by any court of competent
jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair or
invalidate the remainder thereof, but shall be confined in its operation
to the clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivision, section or part thereof
directly involved in the controversy in which such judgment shall have
been rendered. It is hereby declared to be the intent of the legislature
that this act would have been enacted even if such invalid provisions
had not been included herein.
S 18. This act shall take effect immediately and shall apply to a
qualified site for which the commissioner of environmental conservation
has issued a notice to the taxpayer or other applicant after July 1,
2011 that its request for participation has been accepted under subdivi-
sion six of section 27-1407 of the environmental conservation law.
2011-S5228A (ACTIVE) - Details
- Current Committee:
- Assembly Environmental Conservation
- Law Section:
- Environmental Conservation Law
- Laws Affected:
- Amd §§27-1405, 27-1409, 27-1318, 27-1415, 27-1419 & 56-0503, add Art 71 §§71-4501 - 71-4531, En Con L; amd §119-b, Pub Serv L; amd 761, Gen Bus L; amd §§21, 22 & 23, rpld §21 sub (a) ¶ 3-a, sub¶ (D), Tax L; rpld Part H §31, Chap 1 of 2003
- Versions Introduced in 2013-2014 Legislative Session:
-
S1664
2011-S5228A (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo
BILL NUMBER:S5228A
TITLE OF BILL:
An act
to amend the environmental conservation law, the public service law, the
general business law and the
tax law, in relation to brownfield site cleanup;
and to repeal section 31 of part H
of chapter 1 of the laws of 2003 amending the tax law relating to
brownfield redevelopment tax credits, relating thereto
PURPOSE OF THE BILL:
This bill would further strengthen the State's
Brownfield Cleanup Program (BCP), which is already one of the
nation's premier environmental cleanup and redevelopment programs.
Eligibility standards would be tightened by adding non-discretionary
economic conditions and greater predeterminations of probable
significant contamination. Many of the State's most contaminated and
hard-to-redevelop properties-including Class 2, Class 3, and Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) sites-would again be eligible
for entrance in the BCP if owned and controlled by true volunteers
that pledge to remediate and redevelop these sites to their highest
and best market-based use. Program oversight fees would be capped and
the State would adopt the environmental covenant standards that have
become the national norm for ongoing monitoring and restoration of
sites. The tax credits would be refocused on actual cleanups and
market-driven developments, with greater targeting toward proposed manufacturing projects. The credit sunsets would be eliminated, making the tax credits congruent to the programmatic aspects of the program, and the county criteria-based Environmental Zones (EZs) would be reinstated with updates for all EZs to reestablish areas according to the new census. Adoption of these changes will provide greater predictability to the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) about what properties should get into the BCP, while alleviating the administrative burdens connected therein, and easing the process for applicants to enter and complete the program. This would greatly encourage the equally important overriding public purposes of protecting the public health by restoring contaminated real estate, and by creating quality employment for New Yorkers through redeveloping these sites to the nation's highest standards. SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS: Section 1 would amend section 27-1405 of the Environmental Conservation Law (ECL) to provide potential applicants, the DEC, and other public and private institutions with guidance on site eligibility. An eligible brownfield would be characterized as a site that reasonably demonstrates a strong suspicion of a significant level of contamination, which is a determination that would typically, though not exclusively, be determined through the completion of a phase I environmental report. A determination of eligibility would require a prima facie showing that rede- velopment of the site would be greatly inhibited by actual or suspected contamination factors at or below the surface level. Evidence of non-discretionary market-based economic distress must also be demonstrated, to determine if a site merits entrance into the BCP and the as-of-light State financial support. An eligible site must be primarily abandoned currently or at any time prior to application, or characterized by any prior and current severe economic or functional underutilization of a site, which is evident where the property is used as a parking, storage, or hazardous or solid waste facility. If the site's primary use has been and is intended to be a manufacturing or other industrial facility, a credible market study must show that the building and equipment presently at the location must be functionally obsolescent on an internationally comparative basis for the site to be eligible. The section also would allow current active State Superfund and RCRA sites in the program if owned and controlled by hue volunteers who pledge to complete any necessary investigations and remediation. Volunteers would also assume all future costs related to such sites, and they or their successors would have to maintain all institutional and engineer controls as required by DEC. Section 2 of this bill would amend section 27-1409 of the ECL to limit the fees that DEC can impose on participants in smaller scale projects for administering the BCP. DEC and other concerned State entities can currently impose oversight and administrative fees related to costs connected to the BCP. There are no current limits on the extent of these fees related to the size of a potential project. This bill would cap these fees at no more than five percent of the site preparation costs related to ground, vapor, and groundwater cleanups as defined in section twenty-one of the tax law. In addition, such fees would be payable only upon the receipt of the certificate of completion for the project, or upon voluntary or other termination in the program. This section would also make clear that failure to pay due fees will result in revocation of such certificate and prohibit future participation in the program. Section 3 would enact a new Title 45 to Article 71 the ECL, which would supersede the existing Title 36 environmental easement program unique to New York and provide for the use of environmental covenants as adopted by over twenty other states where brownfields are also a significant public concern. These covenants present a uniform method for assuring that title holders and their predecessors and successors maintain responsibility for ongoing maintenance and controls at a site that has gone through the BCP. Adoption of the covenant model will provide assurance and confidence to out-of state lenders and other interested parties on the status and future disposition of sites, based on common experiences with the conditions in other states that have adopted the environmental covenant model legislation. Section 4 would amend section 27-1318 of the ECL to allow an owner or other responsible party to execute an environmental covenant in lieu of an environmental easement. Section 5 would amend section 27-1415 of the ECL to require the DEC to record in its database on brownfield sites a copy of any environmental covenant created under Title 45 of Article 71 of the ECL. Section 6 would amend section 27-1419 of the ECL to require that any site owner of a covered party must certify that an environmental coven- ant has been duly created and recorded and any affected municipality has been duly notified of the existence of the covenant. Section 7 would amend section 56-0503 of ECL to add to the requirement under current law that municipalities, to participate in the environmental restoration program, must place and be bound by environmental easements as deemed necessary by the DEC. Section 8 would amend section 21 of the Tax Law to treat taxpayers filing under Article 22 of the Tax Law (businesses treating income under the Personal Income Tax such as partnerships and Limited Liability Companies) the same as other business filers. Section 9 of the bill would further amend section 21 of the Tax Law to make a technical correction to the statute regarding caps. When the caps were placed on development credits in 2008, they guaranteed the taxpayer a positive basis for the calculation of the credit limitation, based on a product of the site preparation credit component and the groundwater remediation credit component, the outcome of which was independent of the taxpayer's choice to take an expense deduction of cleanup costs under section 198 of the Internal Revenue Code. Current law is dependent on this choice as it requires the taxpayer to choose between the federal expense deduction or the state cleanup credits. Each taxpayer's circumstance may vary on which is the most advantageous course to elect. Under the product cap limiting development credits, which is based on a multiple of depreciable cleanup costs, if the taxpayer chooses to expense the costs for a federal deduction, there is no cleanup cost basis to apply towards the development credit cap. With no basis for the product, the amount of development credits under this current scenario is zero. This bill would allow the taxpayer to compute the maximum allowable development credit regardless of the treatment of the expenses for federal purposes. In addition, this section increases the cap for sites redeveloped primarily as a qualified manufacturing site by .333 percent to provide a maximum inducement and State support for these globally coveted projects. Section 10 would amend subdivision (b) of section 21 of the Tax Law to reinstate county criteria-based EZs and have all EZs updated to reflect the recently completed 2010 Census. Section 11 would make conforming EZ changes to section 22 of the Tax Law. Section 12 would triple the existing Environmental Remediation Insurance credit granted under section 23 of the Tax Law from a maximum of $30,000 per BCP site to $90,000. Section 13 would make the tax credits under the BCP permanent and would allow taxpayers who have not received a certificate of completion for a qualified site by March 31, 2015, to be eligible for tax credits under the program. This sunset date is especially pernicious since qualified sites take at least three and half years to get through the program, and many applicants asking for a site to be admitted to the BCP would likely be already ineligible for any State support through the program. Section 14 provides for a severability clause for the sections of the bill. Section 15 provides for an immediate effective date for the bill and would apply the new statutes only to all qualified sites accepted into the BCP on or after July 1, 2012. EXISTING LAW: The Brownfield Cleanup Program was enacted in 2003 to encourage and guide the redevelopment of the State's largest and/or most economically inhibiting contaminated properties not on the federal priority list. Title 14 of Article 27 of the ECL was adopted to define project eligibility and give statutory grounding for administration of the program. Three new sections of the tax law were adopted to provide significant incentives through the nation's first fully refundable large-scale business tax credits. These credits provide state support for a portion of cleanups and redevelopment with much greater support for projects in distressed neighborhoods, provide a full or partial State rebate for property taxes paid on redeveloped properties based on the location of the site and the number of jobs created, and give an incentive for the carrying of environmental remediation insurance. In 2008, the redevelopment credits were capped to provide a sense of budgetary predictability. PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: This is a new bill. STATEMENT IN SUPPORT: The New York State Brownfield Cleanup Program has proved to be the nation's best designed and most successful remediation, smart-growth, sustainability, reclamation, and economic development tool. Budget concerns and programmatic anxieties have led to many proposals to amend the program, especially the redevelopment incentives, proposals that would make credits discretionary, and programs that would fundamentally interfere with the marketplace. These proposals threaten the BCP's success in attaining the nation's highest cleanup standards backed by market-driven and as-of-light incentives. These proposals would also lead us back toward the old status quo of permanently abandoned sites, sprawl, urban decay, poor cleanups and redevelopment, and in doing so would defeat the dream for true sustainability and the promise of creating livable communities. A review of all the relevant facts available to date illustrates the overwhelming triumphs of the current tax credit program, rather than its shortcomings. The State needs to concentrate on fixing the administrative and programmatic problems, instead of focusing on the tax credits that have been the true measure of success for the program so far, would further strengthen the BCP. A short recap demonstrates just how revolutionary Chapter 1 of the Laws of 2003 truly was and continues to be. While the State in the 1980's and 1990's did offer substantial grants to remediate sites-in many cases offering to pay nearly the entire cost of cleanups-New York was universally viewed as having one of the poorest cleanup and redevelopment records in the nation. By 1999, it had become clear to both houses of the State Legislature, the Executive, and the environmental and business communities, that New York's Superfund and other remediation programs were ineffective, underfunded, and poorly designed. New York State, despite likely having more major brownfields than any other state-and certainly more major urban and suburban areas adversely impacted by contaminated sites-also had the most dysfunctional programs. Despite laudatory goals and objectives, millions in capital funds and supporting statutes that sought protective cleanups and redevelopment, and while policies called for higher standards, shovel ready sites, and various ways to reclaim our urban cores and satisfy pressing demands for environmental justice, nearly every site remained unclaimed and toxic, cleanup agreements that were signed were inadequate, and capital grants and municipal awards were unproductive at best. The State should have learned by this point that programs that. only reward cleanup efforts, or that attempt to centrally and rationally plan the type, location, and Scope of future redevelopment do not work. Only making sites "shovel ready" has demonstrated time and time again to result in corrupted or incomplete cleanups that have always left sites de-industrialized, poorly reused, and often still hazardous. The BCP relies on a market-based approach. This mechanism will not unfairly prejudice one geographic sector of the State in preference of another, and tax incentives would be the most generous offered through any program in the State if not the nation. These properties need to employ the "highest and best use" test as determined by private sector specialists and risk takers. The program's remediation and redevelopment incentives have proven beyond doubt to be the most paradigm shattering. For the first time anywhere, a completely market-driven, fully refundable tax credit system was adopted that would get sites cleaned-up to the highest standards, get projects done at a level of quality and job creation happening nowhere else, and getting sites done that have sat idle for decades. The BCP has resulted in more private dollars being spent on cleanups and redevelopment than the rest of the nation combined. The BCP is not designed, and cannot reasonably be altered, to cover the multitude of very small sites throughout the State. The program was meant to cover the State's largest or most problematical properties that justified private redevelopment. However, the State should anticipate at least forty projects a year through the program, four times more than previously obtained. Also, no projects from Long Island, home .o some of the State's worst environmental sites, have come completely through the program. The reforms in this bill would aid the reclamation and redevelopment of this crucial sector of the State. What is more, the BCP has proved to be a much better mechanism to getting sites cleaned up and redeveloped than the State Superfund and registry programs at a much lower cost to the taxpayers. These sites originally were allowed into the BCP for a very short window. It is time to open these sites in the BCP on a permanent basis. Since enactment of the BCP, the State so far has spent $365,118,000 on the superfund program-$220,118,000 on actual cleanup and $145 million on administrative costs. (Included within the $365 million is about $85 million that was rolled into old hazardous waste programs and paid for by current indebtedness.) Despite this large commitment of State resources, Superfund and RCRA sites still take decades to reclaim at merely industrial standards, are still bound up with years of litigation, and remain undeveloped once the agreed upon cleanup is completed. Comparatively, BCP site reclaims at the nation's highest and best cleanup standards are completed within an average of 3.2 years. It is therefore in the State's interest once more to allow superfund and other regulated sites that are owned and controlled by hue volunteers back into the BCP. In contrast, on the 92 sites that have gone through BCP and have been awarded Certificates of Completion through tax year 2010, $403 million in private funds have been spent on cleanups. This has cost state taxpayers under $40 million in "pay go" cleanup credits. Nearly $3 billion in private funds have been spent on redevelopment of these sites. State taxpayers have provided nearly $461 million in support for buildings and equipment on these projects that have resulted in thousands of good jobs throughout the State. These redeveloped sites have more than repaid the State's taxpayers investment with increased income, sales, and property taxes and elevated real estate values. In addition, the BCP has not favored one geographic area of the State over any other. Although New York City and Westchester projects on average have been larger in scope, actually more projects from Upstate have come through the program-hence, an equilibrium. The overriding problems in the program have come, not from the tax credits, but from issues of eligibility and the administration of the program. The original definition of a brownfield came from the Federal Environmental Protection Agency description that is extremely broad and was intended to aid states and localities in creating a site inventory, not to actually cleanup and redevelop identified sites. This definition had produced an impossible burden on DEC. These definitional problems have resulted in endless litigation, process delays, and a sense that the State cannot keep its commitments. This bill would provide DEC with a definition that will focus the program on sites that the market has determined are in great distress rather than eliminating the strengths of the program through giving government officials discretionary powers of the location, number, and types of cleanups and redevelopments. Except for globally hyper-competitive manufacturing projects, the program should remain neutral over the type of developments meriting support. The State cannot forget that the BCP is as much an economic development as an environmental program. The BCP should also not be used as an experiment for unproven sustainability and low-income housing programs. Furthermore, the bill would give private lenders more security about the programmatic requirements in the BCP and help assure that the State will keep its promises on incentives. Finally, it is absolutely essential that the sunsets in the current program be eliminated, as it is currently past the timeframe for a taxpayer to receive credits if these sunsets remain. FISCAL IMPLICATIONS: The bill is designed to be revenue neutral. Tighter eligibility standards would be offset by allowing State Superfund and RCRA sites into the program. Providing Personal Income Tax filers parity would be counterbalanced by removing incentives not driven by market criteria. Capping oversight fees on small projects would be more than made up by increased penalties for non-payment. The program would continue to expend approximately an estimated $400 million a year on around forty new projects per year throughout the State. EFFECTIVE DATE: This bill has an immediate effective date. However, the provisions of the bill would only apply to applications that have been accepted into the BCP on or after July 1, 2012.
2011-S5228A (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf
S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________
5228--A
2011-2012 Regular Sessions
I N S E N A T E
May 3, 2011
___________
Introduced by Sen. GRISANTI -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
printed to be committed to the Committee on Environmental Conservation
-- recommitted to the Committee on Environmental Conservation in
accordance with Senate Rule 6, sec. 8 -- committee discharged, bill
amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted to said commit-
tee
AN ACT to amend the environmental conservation law, the public service
law, the general business law and the tax law, in relation to brown-
field site cleanup; and to repeal section 31 of part H of chapter 1 of
the laws of 2003 amending the tax law relating to brownfield redevel-
opment tax credits, relating thereto
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Subdivision 2 of section 27-1405 of the environmental
conservation law, as amended by section 2 of part A of chapter 577 of
the laws of 2004, is amended to read as follows:
2. (A) "Brownfield site" or "site" shall mean any real property, the
redevelopment or reuse of which [may be] IS complicated by the GROUND
SURFACE OR BELOW GROUND SURFACE LEVEL presence or [potential] SUSPECTED
presence of a contaminant REGARDLESS OF THE SOURCE OF SUCH CONTAMINANT.
A BROWNFIELD SITE IS CHARACTERIZED BY ANY OR ALL OF THE FOLLOWING:
(I) A CURRENT AND HISTORICAL LEGACY OF ABANDONMENT FROM PREVIOUS
INDUSTRIAL OR COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY.
(II) A CURRENT AND HISTORICAL LEGACY OF SEVERE ECONOMIC OR FUNCTIONAL
UNDERUTILIZATION INCLUDING USE OF SUCH SITE AS A HAZARDOUS WASTE OR
SOLID WASTE FACILITY.
(III) IN THE CASE OF A SITE CHARACTERIZED PRIMARILY BY INDUSTRIAL
ACTIVITY, FUNCTIONAL OBSOLESCENCE.
(B) Such term shall not include real property:
[(a)] (I) listed in the registry of inactive hazardous waste disposal
sites under section 27-1305 of this article at the time of application
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD11103-05-2
S. 5228--A 2
to this program and given a classification as described in subparagraph
one or two of paragraph b of subdivision two of section 27-1305 of this
article; provided, however except until July first, two thousand five,
real property listed in the registry of inactive hazardous waste
disposal sites under subparagraph two of paragraph b of subdivision two
of section 27-1305 of this article prior to the effective date of this
article, where such real property is owned by a volunteer shall not be
deemed ineligible to participate and further provided that the status of
any such site as listed in the registry shall not be altered prior to
the issuance of a certificate of completion pursuant to section 27-1419
of this title;
[(b)] (II) listed on the national priorities list established under
authority of 42 U.S.C. section 9605;
[(c)] (III) subject to an enforcement action under title seven or nine
of this article, [except] OR PERMITTED AS a treatment, storage or
disposal facility [subject to a permit]; provided, that nothing herein
contained shall be deemed otherwise to exclude from the scope of the
term "brownfield site" a hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal
facility having interim status according to regulations promulgated by
the commissioner;
[(d)] (IV) subject to an order for cleanup pursuant to article twelve
of the navigation law or pursuant to title ten of article seventeen of
this chapter except such property shall not be deemed ineligible if it
is subject to a stipulation agreement; or
[(e)] (V) subject to any other on-going state or federal environmental
enforcement action related to the contamination which is at or emanating
from the site subject to the present application.
(VI) PROVIDED HOWEVER FOR OTHERWISE INELIGIBLE SITES GIVEN A CLASSI-
FICATION AS DESCRIBED IN SUBPARAGRAPH TWO OR THREE OF PARAGRAPH B OF
SUBDIVISION TWO OF SECTION 27-1305 OF THIS ARTICLE, AND INELIGIBLE SITES
DESCRIBED IN SUBPARAGRAPH (III) OF THIS PARAGRAPH, A VOLUNTEER SHALL NOT
BE DEEMED INELIGIBLE TO PARTICIPATE IN REGARDS TO ANY SUCH INELIGIBLE
SITE IF SUCH VOLUNTEER INTENDS TO ACQUIRE AND REDEVELOP SUCH REAL PROP-
ERTY AND ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY, NOT FOR PAST COSTS INCURRED PRIOR TO THE
APPLICATION, BUT FOR ALL FUTURE COSTS TO COMPLETE ANY REMAINING INVESTI-
GATION AND REMEDIATION UPON ACQUISITION OF SUCH REAL PROPERTY, OR MAIN-
TAIN LONG TERM INSTITUTIONAL AND ENGINEERING CONTROLS OF THE SITE, AND
IMPLEMENT A REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT ON THE SITE, THE SITE CONFORMS TO THE
DEFINITION OF A BROWNFIELD SITE IN PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION,
AND ENTERS INTO A BROWNFIELD CLEANUP AGREEMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION 27-1409 OF THIS TITLE. ANY ON-GOING STATE ACTIONS AND/OR ORDERS
WILL NOT BE SUPERSEDED BY THE VOLUNTEER'S BROWNFIELD CLEANUP AGREEMENT,
BUT WILL REMAIN IN FULL FORCE AND EFFECT UNTIL SUCH TIME AS THE VOLUN-
TEER RECEIVES A CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION PURSUANT TO SECTION 27-1419 OF
THIS TITLE AND THEREAFTER TO THE EXTENT THE VOLUNTEER OR SUBSEQUENT
OWNER OR OPERATOR FAIL TO COMPLY WITH THE TERMS OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL
EASEMENT IF ONE HAD BEEN CREATED PURSUANT TO TITLE THIRTY-SIX OF ARTICLE
SEVENTY-ONE, OR AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT AS OF THIS CHAPTER PURSUANT TO
TITLE FORTY-FIVE OF ARTICLE SEVENTY-ONE OF THIS CHAPTER. IN THE EVENT
THE VOLUNTEER DOES NOT RECEIVE THE CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION OR SUCH
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION IS REVOKED FOR ANY REASON, ANY AND ALL STATE
ENFORCEMENTS ACTION IMMEDIATELY WILL RESUME AFTER TIMELY NOTICE TO ALL
PARTIES.
S 2. The opening paragraph of subdivision 2 of section 27-1409 of the
environmental conservation law is designated paragraph (a) and a new
paragraph (b) is added to read as follows:
S. 5228--A 3
(B) NOTWITHSTANDING ANY PROVISION OF LAW TO THE CONTRARY, ALL APPLI-
CANTS ACCEPTING PARTICIPATION IN THE BROWNFIELD CLEANUP PROGRAM SHALL
PAY ALL REASONABLE STATE COSTS, HOWEVER, SUCH STATE COSTS SHALL NOT
EXCEED FIVE PERCENT OF THE TOTAL SITE PREPARATION COSTS, AS DEFINED BY
PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVISION (B) OF SECTION TWENTY-ONE OF THE TAX LAW,
PAID OR INCURRED BY THE APPLICANT, AND THE TOTAL STATE COSTS OWED SHALL
BE PAYABLE UPON NINETY DAYS OF, (I) THE ISSUANCE OF THE CERTIFICATE OF
COMPLETION FOR THE PROJECT, OR, (II) UPON TERMINATION OF A PARTICIPANT'S
BROWNFIELD CLEANUP AGREEMENT BY THE DEPARTMENT FOR FAILURE TO SUBSTAN-
TIALLY COMPLY WITH SUCH AGREEMENT'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS, OR (III), THE
VOLUNTARY WITHDRAWAL OF THE APPLICANT. FAILURE TO REMIT DUE PAYMENTS TO
THE STATE SHALL RESULT IN THE REVOCATION OF SUCH CERTIFICATE OF
COMPLETION, AND WILL PROHIBIT ANY FUTURE PARTICIPATION OF AN APPLICANT
IN THE PROGRAM. PAYMENT OF STATE COSTS SHALL BE MADE TO THE HAZARDOUS
WASTE REMEDIAL FUND ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION NINETY-SEVEN-B OF
THE STATE FINANCE LAW.
S 3. Article 71 of the environmental conservation law is amended by
adding a new title 45 to read as follows:
TITLE 45
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS
SECTION 71-4501. SHORT TITLE.
71-4503. DECLARATION OF POLICY AND STATEMENT OF PURPOSE.
71-4505. DEFINITIONS.
71-4507. NATURE OF RIGHTS; SUBORDINATION OF INTERESTS.
71-4509. CONTENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT.
71-4511. VALIDITY; EFFECT ON OTHER INSTRUMENTS.
71-4513. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAND USE LAW.
71-4515. NOTICE.
71-4517. RECORDING.
71-4519. COORDINATION WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.
71-4521. DURATION.
71-4523. AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION BY CONSENT.
71-4525. ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT.
71-4527. UNIFORMITY OF APPLICATION AND CONSTRUCTION.
71-4529. REGULATIONS.
71-4531. SEVERABILITY.
S 71-4501. SHORT TITLE.
THIS TITLE SHALL BE KNOWN AND MAY BE CITED AS THE "UNIFORM ENVIRON-
MENTAL COVENANTS ACT".
S 71-4503. DECLARATION OF POLICY AND STATEMENT OF PURPOSE.
THE LEGISLATURE HEREBY FINDS AND DECLARES THAT CONTAMINATED SITE REME-
DIAL PROGRAMS ARE AN IMPORTANT AND NECESSARY COMPONENT OF THE STATE'S
POLICY OF RESTORING AND REVITALIZING REAL PROPERTY LOCATED THROUGHOUT
NEW YORK STATE. THE LEGISLATURE FURTHER FINDS THAT WHEN AN ENVIRONMENTAL
REMEDIATION PROJECT LEAVES RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION AT LEVELS THAT HAVE
BEEN DETERMINED TO BE SAFE FOR A SPECIFIC USE, BUT NOT ALL USES, OR
INCLUDES ENGINEERED STRUCTURES THAT MUST BE MAINTAINED OR PROTECTED
AGAINST DAMAGE TO BE EFFECTIVE, IT IS NECESSARY TO PROVIDE AN EFFECTIVE
AND ENFORCEABLE MEANS OF ENSURING THE PERFORMANCE OF MAINTENANCE, MONI-
TORING OR OPERATION REQUIREMENTS, AND OF ENSURING THE POTENTIAL
RESTRICTION OF FUTURE USES OF THE LAND, INCLUDING RESTRICTIONS ON DRILL-
ING FOR OR PUMPING GROUNDWATER, FOR AS LONG AS ANY RESIDUAL CONTAM-
INATION REMAINS HAZARDOUS. THE LEGISLATURE DECLARES, THEREFORE, THAT IT
IS IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST TO CREATE LAND USE CONTROLS IN THE FORM OF
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS BECAUSE SUCH ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS ARE NECES-
SARY FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT AND TO
S. 5228--A 4
ACHIEVE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR REMEDIATION ESTABLISHED AT CONTAMINATED
SITES. IT IS THE INTENT OF THE LEGISLATURE THAT THE PROVISIONS OF THIS
SECTION SHALL NOT BE CONSTRUED AS LIMITING OR OTHERWISE AFFECTING ANY
AUTHORITY CONFERRED UPON THE DEPARTMENT BY ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW.
S 71-4505. DEFINITIONS.
WHEN USED IN THIS TITLE:
1. "ACTIVITY AND USE LIMITATIONS" MEANS RESTRICTIONS OR OBLIGATIONS
CREATED UNDER THIS TITLE WITH RESPECT TO REAL PROPERTY.
2. "AFFECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT" MEANS EVERY MUNICIPALITY IN WHICH LAND
SUBJECT TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IS LOCATED.
3. "COMMON INTEREST COMMUNITY" MEANS A CONDOMINIUM, COOPERATIVE, OR
OTHER REAL PROPERTY ASSOCIATION OR ORGANIZATION WITH RESPECT TO WHICH A
PERSON, BY VIRTUE OF THE PERSON'S COMMON INTEREST, AS THAT TERM IS
DEFINED IN SECTION THREE HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE-E OF THE REAL PROPERTY LAW,
OR OWNERSHIP OF A UNIT, SHARE OR PARCEL OF REAL PROPERTY, IS OBLIGATED
TO PAY PROPERTY TAXES OR INSURANCE PREMIUMS, OR FOR MAINTENANCE, OR
IMPROVEMENT OF OTHER REAL PROPERTY DESCRIBED IN A RECORDED DECLARATION
OR COVENANT THAT CREATES THE COMMON INTEREST COMMUNITY.
4. "ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT" MEANS A SERVITUDE RUNNING WITH THE LAND
ARISING UNDER AN ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIAL PROGRAM THAT IMPOSES ACTIVITY
AND USE LIMITATIONS AS WELL AS MAINTENANCE, MONITORING OR OPERATION
REQUIREMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIAL PROGRAM.
5. "ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIAL PROGRAM" MEANS A REMEDIAL PROGRAM CONDUCTED
AT REAL PROPERTY:
(A) UNDER A FEDERAL OR STATE PROGRAM GOVERNING ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDI-
ATION OF REAL PROPERTY, INCLUDING REMEDIAL PROGRAMS PURSUANT TO TITLES
THIRTEEN AND FOURTEEN OF ARTICLE TWENTY-SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER, TITLE
FIVE OF ARTICLE FIFTY-SIX OF THIS CHAPTER AND ARTICLE TWELVE OF THE
NAVIGATION LAW;
(B) INCIDENT TO A DEPARTMENT-APPROVED CLOSURE OF A SOLID OR HAZARDOUS
WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT;
(C) UNDER A CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN PURSUANT TO TITLE NINE OF ARTICLE
TWENTY-SEVEN OF THIS CHAPTER; OR
(D) UNDER OTHER DEPARTMENT REMEDIAL PROGRAMS.
6. "HOLDER" MEANS THE GRANTEE OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT AS SPECI-
FIED IN SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION 71-4507 OF THIS TITLE.
7. "PERSON" MEANS AN INDIVIDUAL, CORPORATION, BUSINESS TRUST, ESTATE,
TRUST, PARTNERSHIP, LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY, ASSOCIATION, JOINT
VENTURE, PUBLIC CORPORATION, GOVERNMENT, GOVERNMENTAL SUBDIVISION, AGEN-
CY, OR INSTRUMENTALITY, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL OR COMMERCIAL ENTITY.
8. "RECORD", USED AS A NOUN, MEANS INFORMATION THAT IS INSCRIBED ON A
TANGIBLE MEDIUM OR THAT IS STORED IN AN ELECTRONIC OR OTHER MEDIUM AND
IS RETRIEVABLE IN PERCEIVABLE FORM.
S 71-4507. NATURE OF RIGHTS; SUBORDINATION OF INTERESTS.
1. THE DEPARTMENT SHALL BE A HOLDER AND MAY IDENTIFY ONE OR MORE ADDI-
TIONAL HOLDERS OR BENEFICIARIES. THE INTEREST OF A HOLDER IS AN INTEREST
IN REAL PROPERTY.
2. A RIGHT OF THE DEPARTMENT OR OTHER INTENDED BENEFICIARY UNDER THIS
TITLE OR UNDER AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT, OTHER THAN A RIGHT AS A HOLD-
ER, IS NOT AN INTEREST IN REAL PROPERTY.
3. THE DEPARTMENT IS BOUND BY ANY OBLIGATION IT ASSUMES IN AN ENVIRON-
MENTAL COVENANT, BUT THE DEPARTMENT DOES NOT ASSUME OBLIGATIONS MERELY
BY SIGNING AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT. ANY OTHER PERSON THAT SIGNS AN
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IS BOUND BY THE OBLIGATIONS THE PERSON ASSUMES IN
THE COVENANT, BUT SIGNING THE COVENANT DOES NOT CHANGE OBLIGATIONS,
S. 5228--A 5
RIGHTS, OR PROTECTIONS GRANTED OR IMPOSED UNDER LAW OTHER THAN THIS
TITLE EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN THE COVENANT.
4. THE FOLLOWING RULES APPLY TO INTERESTS IN REAL PROPERTY IN EXIST-
ENCE AT THE TIME AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IS CREATED OR AMENDED:
(A) AN INTEREST THAT HAS PRIORITY UNDER OTHER LAW IS NOT AFFECTED BY
AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT UNLESS THE PERSON THAT OWNS THE INTEREST
SUBORDINATES THAT INTEREST TO THE COVENANT.
(B) THIS TITLE DOES NOT REQUIRE A PERSON THAT OWNS A PRIOR INTEREST TO
SUBORDINATE THAT INTEREST TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT OR TO AGREE TO BE
BOUND BY THE COVENANT.
(C) A SUBORDINATION AGREEMENT MAY BE CONTAINED IN AN ENVIRONMENTAL
COVENANT COVERING REAL PROPERTY OR IN A SEPARATE RECORD. IF THE ENVIRON-
MENTAL COVENANT COVERS COMMONLY OWNED PROPERTY IN A COMMON INTEREST
COMMUNITY, THE SUBORDINATE AGREEMENT OR RECORD MAY BE SIGNED BY ANY
PERSON AUTHORIZED BY LAW, A RECORDED INSTRUMENT, OR THE GOVERNING BOARD
OF THE OWNERS' ASSOCIATION TO BIND THE COMMON INTEREST COMMUNITY.
(D) AN AGREEMENT BY A PERSON TO SUBORDINATE A PRIOR INTEREST TO AN
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT AFFECTS THE PRIORITY OF THAT PERSON'S INTEREST
BUT DOES NOT BY ITSELF IMPOSE ANY AFFIRMATIVE OBLIGATION ON THE PERSON
WITH RESPECT TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT.
5. THE DEPARTMENT MAY REQUIRE THAT A SUBORDINATION AGREEMENT BE
OBTAINED AS A CONDITION OF ACCEPTING AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT TO
PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT.
S 71-4509. CONTENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT.
1. AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT MUST BE ON A FORM PRESCRIBED BY THE
DEPARTMENT AND:
(A) BE GRANTED BY THE TITLE OWNERS OF THE RELEVANT REAL ESTATE ONLY BY
AN INSTRUMENT THAT COMPLIES WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 5-703 OF
THE GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW AND IS SIGNED AND ACKNOWLEDGED IN THE MANNER
OF A DEED TO BE RECORDED;
(B) STATE THAT THE INSTRUMENT IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT EXECUTED
PURSUANT TO THIS TITLE;
(C) DESCRIBE THE PROPERTY ENCUMBERED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT BY
ADEQUATE LEGAL DESCRIPTION OR BY REFERENCE TO A RECORDED MAP SHOWING ITS
BOUNDARIES AND BEARING THE SEAL AND SIGNATURE OF A LICENSED LAND
SURVEYOR OR, IF THE COVENANT ENCUMBERS THE ENTIRE PROPERTY DESCRIBED IN
A DEED OF RECORD, THE COVENANT MAY INCORPORATE BY REFERENCE THE
DESCRIPTION IN SUCH DEED, OTHERWISE IT SHALL REFER TO THE LIBER AND PAGE
OF THE DEED OR DEEDS OF THE RECORD OWNER OR OWNERS OF THE REAL PROPERTY
BURDENED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT;
(D) DESCRIBE THE ACTIVITY AND USE LIMITATIONS ON THE REAL PROPERTY;
(E) INCLUDE ANY ENGINEERING CONTROLS AND/OR MAINTENANCE REQUIRED FOR
THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT OR PROVIDE A REFERENCE TO PUBLICLY AVAILABLE
DOCUMENTS CONTAINING SUCH INFORMATION;
(F) DESCRIBE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR NOTICE FOLLOWING TRANSFER OF A SPEC-
IFIED INTEREST IN, OR CONCERNING PROPOSED CHANGES IN USE OF, APPLICA-
TIONS FOR BUILDING PERMITS FOR, OR PROPOSALS FOR ANY SITE WORK AFFECTING
THE CONTAMINATION ON THE PROPERTY SUBJECT TO THE COVENANT;
(G) DESCRIBE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR PERIODIC REPORTING DESCRIBING
COMPLIANCE WITH THE COVENANT;
(H) DESCRIBE THE RIGHTS OF ACCESS TO THE PROPERTY GRANTED IN
CONNECTION WITH IMPLEMENTATION OR ENFORCEMENT OF THE COVENANT, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE RIGHT OF AGENTS, EMPLOYEES, OR OTHER REPRESEN-
TATIVES OF THE STATE TO ENTER AND INSPECT THE PROPERTY BURDENED BY AN
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IN A REASONABLE MANNER AND AT REASONABLE TIMES TO
ASSURE COMPLIANCE WITH THE RESTRICTION;
S. 5228--A 6
(I) IDENTIFY THE DEPARTMENT AS THE HOLDER AND, IF APPROPRIATE, THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OR OTHER APPROPRIATE PARTY AS AN ADDITIONAL HOLDER OR
INTENDED THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARY. IF THERE IS A HOLDER IN ADDITION TO
THE DEPARTMENT, THE DEPARTMENT MUST APPROVE THE HOLDER, AND THE HOLDER
MUST AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THE COVENANT;
(J) INCLUDE AN ACKNOWLEDGMENT BY THE DEPARTMENT OF ITS ACCEPTANCE OF
THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT;
(K) BE SIGNED BY EVERY HOLDER AND, UNLESS WAIVED BY THE DEPARTMENT,
EVERY OWNER OF THE FEE SIMPLE OF THE REAL PROPERTY SUBJECT TO THE COVEN-
ANT;
(L) IDENTIFY THE NAME AND LOCATION OF ANY ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD FOR
THE ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIAL PROGRAM REFLECTED IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVEN-
ANT;
(M) INCLUDE AN AGREEMENT TO INCORPORATE, EITHER IN FULL OR BY REFER-
ENCE, THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IN ANY LEASES, LICENSES, OR OTHER
INSTRUMENTS GRANTING A RIGHT TO USE THE PROPERTY THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY
SUCH COVENANT; AND
(N) THE DEPARTMENT MAY REQUIRE THAT INFORMATION DELINEATED IN PARA-
GRAPHS (D), (E), (F), (G) AND (H) OF THIS SUBDIVISION BE ENUMERATED IN A
SITE MANAGEMENT PLAN IN LIEU OF BEING SET FORTH IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL
COVENANT.
2. IN ADDITION TO THE INFORMATION REQUIRED BY SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS
SECTION, AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT MAY CONTAIN OTHER INFORMATION,
RESTRICTIONS, AND REQUIREMENTS AGREED TO BY THE PERSONS WHO SIGNED IT,
INCLUDING ANY:
(A) LIMITATION ON AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION OF THE COVENANT IN ADDITION
TO THOSE CONTAINED IN SECTIONS 71-4521 AND 71-4523 OF THIS TITLE; AND
(B) RIGHTS OF THE HOLDER IN ADDITION TO ITS RIGHT TO ENFORCE THE
COVENANT PURSUANT TO SECTION 71-4525 OF THIS TITLE.
3. IN ADDITION TO OTHER CONDITIONS FOR ITS APPROVAL OF AN ENVIRON-
MENTAL COVENANT, THE DEPARTMENT MAY REQUIRE THOSE PERSONS SPECIFIED BY
THE DEPARTMENT WHO HAVE INTERESTS IN THE REAL PROPERTY TO SIGN THE
COVENANT.
4. THE TITLE OWNERS SHALL FURNISH TO THE DEPARTMENT ABSTRACTS OF TITLE
AND OTHER DOCUMENTS SUFFICIENT TO ENABLE THE DEPARTMENT TO DETERMINE
THAT THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS SHALL BE AN EFFECTIVE AND ENFORCEABLE
MEANS OF ENSURING:
(A) THE PERFORMANCE OF MAINTENANCE, MONITORING AND OPERATING REQUIRE-
MENTS; AND
(B) ACTIVITIES AND USE LIMITATIONS.
5. UNTIL SUCH TIME AS THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IS EXTINGUISHED, THE
PROPERTY DEED AND ALL SUBSEQUENT INSTRUMENTS OF CONVEYANCE RELATING TO
THE SUBJECT PROPERTY SHALL STATE IN AT LEAST FIFTEEN-POINT BOLD-FACED
TYPE: "THIS PROPERTY IS SUBJECT TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT HELD BY
THE NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION PURSUANT TO
TITLE 45 OF ARTICLE 71 OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LAW." THE PROP-
ERTY DEED AND ALL SUBSEQUENT INSTRUMENTS OF CONVEYANCE RELATING TO THE
PROPERTY ENCUMBERED BY THE COVENANT SHALL REFERENCE, BY BOOK AND PAGE
NUMBER, THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT. SUCH DEED AND INSTRUMENT SHALL ALSO
SPECIFY THAT THE ELIGIBLE PROPERTY IS SUBJECT TO THE RESTRICTIONS
CONTAINED IN SUCH COVENANT. AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE PURPOSE OF CREATING,
CONVEYING, MODIFYING, OR TERMINATING AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT SHALL NOT
BE EFFECTIVE UNLESS RECORDED.
S 71-4511. VALIDITY; EFFECT ON OTHER INSTRUMENTS.
1. AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT THAT COMPLIES WITH THIS TITLE RUNS WITH
THE LAND.
S. 5228--A 7
2. AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT THAT IS OTHERWISE EFFECTIVE IS VALID AND
ENFORCEABLE EVEN IF:
(A) IT IS NOT APPURTENANT TO AN INTEREST IN REAL PROPERTY;
(B) IT IS NOT OF A CHARACTER THAT HAS BEEN RECOGNIZED TRADITIONALLY AT
COMMON LAW;
(C) IT IMPOSES A NEGATIVE BURDEN;
(D) IT IMPOSES AN AFFIRMATIVE OBLIGATION ON A PERSON HAVING AN INTER-
EST IN THE REAL PROPERTY OR ON THE HOLDER;
(E) THE BENEFIT OR BURDEN DOES NOT TOUCH OR CONCERN REAL PROPERTY; OR
(F) THERE IS NO PRIVITY OF ESTATE OR CONTRACT.
3. AN INSTRUMENT THAT CREATES RESTRICTIONS OR OBLIGATIONS WITH RESPECT
TO REAL PROPERTY THAT WOULD QUALIFY AS ACTIVITY AND USE LIMITATIONS
EXCEPT FOR THE FACT THAT THE INSTRUMENT WAS RECORDED BEFORE THE EFFEC-
TIVE DATE OF THIS TITLE IS NOT INVALID OR UNENFORCEABLE BECAUSE OF ANY
OF THE LIMITATIONS ON ENFORCEMENT OF INTERESTS DESCRIBED IN SUBDIVISION
TWO OF THIS SECTION OR BECAUSE IT WAS IDENTIFIED AS AN EASEMENT, SERVI-
TUDE, DEED RESTRICTION, OR OTHER INTEREST. THIS TITLE DOES NOT APPLY IN
ANY OTHER RESPECT TO SUCH AN INSTRUMENT.
4. THIS TITLE DOES NOT INVALIDATE OR RENDER UNENFORCEABLE ANY INTER-
EST, WHETHER DESIGNATED AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT OR OTHER INTEREST,
THAT IS OTHERWISE ENFORCEABLE UNDER THE LAWS OF THIS STATE.
5. THIS TITLE SHALL NOT AFFECT ANY INTERESTS OR RIGHTS IN REAL PROPER-
TY WHICH ARE NOT ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS, AND SHALL NOT AFFECT THE
RIGHTS OF OWNERS TO CONVEY ANY INTERESTS IN REAL PROPERTY WHICH THEY
COULD NOW CREATE UNDER EXISTING LAW WITHOUT REFERENCE TO THE TERMS OF
THIS TITLE. NOTHING IN THIS TITLE SHALL DIMINISH THE POWERS GRANTED BY
ANY OTHER LAW TO ACQUIRE INTERESTS OR RIGHTS IN REAL PROPERTY BY
PURCHASE, GIFT, EMINENT DOMAIN, OR OTHERWISE AND TO USE THE SAME FOR
PUBLIC PURPOSES.
S 71-4513. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAND USE LAW.
THIS TITLE DOES NOT AUTHORIZE A USE OF REAL PROPERTY THAT IS OTHERWISE
PROHIBITED BY ZONING, BY LAW OTHER THAN THIS TITLE REGULATING USE OF
REAL PROPERTY, OR BY A RECORDED INSTRUMENT THAT HAS PRIORITY OVER THE
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT. AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT MAY PROHIBIT OR
RESTRICT USES OF REAL PROPERTY WHICH ARE AUTHORIZED BY ZONING OR BY LAW
OTHER THAN THIS TITLE.
S 71-4515. NOTICE.
1. A COPY OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT, AND ANY AMENDMENT OR TERMI-
NATION THEREOF, SHALL BE PROVIDED IN THE MANNER REQUIRED BY THE DEPART-
MENT TO:
(A) EACH PERSON THAT SIGNED THE COVENANT;
(B) EACH PERSON HOLDING A RECORDED INTEREST IN THE REAL PROPERTY
SUBJECT TO THE COVENANT;
(C) EACH PERSON IN POSSESSION OF THE REAL PROPERTY SUBJECT TO THE
COVENANT;
(D) EACH AFFECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT; AND
(E) ANY OTHER PERSON THE DEPARTMENT REQUIRES.
2. THE VALIDITY OF A COVENANT IS NOT AFFECTED BY FAILURE TO PROVIDE A
COPY OF THE COVENANT AS REQUIRED UNDER THIS SECTION.
3. THE DEPARTMENT SHALL INCLUDE A COPY OF EACH ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT
IN THE DATABASE CREATED PURSUANT TO SECTION 27-1415 OF THIS CHAPTER AND
MAKE SUCH DATABASE READILY SEARCHABLE.
S 71-4517. RECORDING.
1. AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT AND ANY AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION OF THE
COVENANT MUST BE RECORDED IN THE OFFICE OF THE RECORDING OFFICER IN THE
MANNER PRESCRIBED BY ARTICLE NINE OF THE REAL PROPERTY LAW IN EVERY
S. 5228--A 8
COUNTY IN WHICH ANY PORTION OF THE REAL PROPERTY SUBJECT TO THE COVENANT
IS LOCATED. FOR PURPOSES OF INDEXING, A HOLDER SHALL BE TREATED AS A
GRANTEE.
2. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION TWO OF SECTION 71-4521
OF THIS TITLE, AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IS SUBJECT TO THE LAWS OF THIS
STATE GOVERNING RECORDING AND PRIORITY OF INTERESTS IN REAL PROPERTY.
S 71-4519. COORDINATION WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.
WHENEVER AN AFFECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT RECEIVES AN APPLICATION FOR A
BUILDING PERMIT OR ANY OTHER APPLICATION AFFECTING LAND USE OR DEVELOP-
MENT OF LAND THAT IS SUBJECT TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT AND THAT MAY
RELATE TO OR IMPACT SUCH COVENANT, THE AFFECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT SHALL
NOTIFY THE DEPARTMENT AND REFER SUCH APPLICATION TO THE DEPARTMENT. THE
DEPARTMENT SHALL EVALUATE WHETHER THE APPLICATION IS CONSISTENT WITH THE
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT AND SHALL NOTIFY THE AFFECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF
ITS DETERMINATION IN A TIMELY FASHION, CONSIDERING THE TIME FRAME FOR
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT'S REVIEW OF THE APPLICATION. THE AFFECTED LOCAL
GOVERNMENT SHALL NOT APPROVE THE APPLICATION UNTIL IT RECEIVES APPROVAL
FROM THE DEPARTMENT.
S 71-4521. DURATION.
1. AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IS PERPETUAL UNLESS IT IS:
(A) BY ITS TERMS LIMITED TO A SPECIFIC DURATION OR TERMINATED BY THE
OCCURRENCE OF A SPECIFIC EVENT; OR
(B) EXTINGUISHED OR AMENDED BY A RELEASE OR AMENDMENT OF THE ENVIRON-
MENTAL COVENANT EXECUTED BY THE DEPARTMENT AND FILED WITH THE OFFICE OF
THE RECORDING OFFICER FOR THE COUNTY OR COUNTIES WHERE THE LAND IS SITU-
ATED IN THE MANNER PRESCRIBED BY ARTICLE NINE OF THE REAL PROPERTY LAW.
2. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS SECTION, AN
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT MAY NOT BE EXTINGUISHED, LIMITED, OR IMPAIRED
THROUGH FORECLOSURE OF A LIEN, ISSUANCE OF A TAX DEED, FORECLOSURE OF A
TAX LIEN, OR APPLICATION OF THE DOCTRINE OF ADVERSE POSSESSION,
PRESCRIPTION, EMINENT DOMAIN, ABANDONMENT, WAIVER, LACK OF ENFORCEMENT,
OR ACQUIESCENCE, OR A SIMILAR DOCTRINE.
S 71-4523. AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION BY CONSENT.
1. AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT MAY BE AMENDED OR TERMINATED BY CONSENT
ONLY IF THE AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION IS SIGNED IN THE MANNER PRESCRIBED
BY SECTION 71-4509 OF THIS TITLE BY:
(A) THE DEPARTMENT; AND
(B) UNLESS WAIVED BY THE DEPARTMENT, THE CURRENT OWNER OF THE FEE
SIMPLE OF THE REAL PROPERTY SUBJECT TO THE COVENANT.
2. IF AN INTEREST IN REAL PROPERTY IS SUBJECT TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL
COVENANT, THE INTEREST IS NOT AFFECTED BY AN AMENDMENT OF THE COVENANT
UNLESS THE CURRENT OWNER OF THE INTEREST CONSENTS TO THE AMENDMENT OR
HAS WAIVED IN A WRITING, SIGNED IN THE MANNER PRESCRIBED BY SECTION
71-4509 OF THIS TITLE, THE RIGHT TO CONSENT TO AMENDMENTS.
S 71-4525. ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT.
1. A CIVIL ACTION FOR INJUNCTIVE OR OTHER EQUITABLE RELIEF FOR
VIOLATION OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT MAY BE MAINTAINED BY:
(A) A PARTY TO THE COVENANT;
(B) THE DEPARTMENT;
(C) ANY AFFECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT;
(D) ANY PERSON TO WHOM THE COVENANT EXPRESSLY GRANTS POWER TO ENFORCE,
OR IS IDENTIFIED IN THE COVENANT AS AN INTENDED BENEFICIARY; OR
(E) A PERSON WHOSE INTEREST IN THE REAL PROPERTY OR WHOSE COLLATERAL
OR LIABILITY MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE ALLEGED VIOLATION OF THE COVENANT.
2. THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT IS ENFORCEABLE AGAINST THE OWNER OF THE
BURDENED PROPERTY, ANY LESSEES, AND ANY PERSON USING THE LAND.
S. 5228--A 9
3. A PERSON IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR OR SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR ENVI-
RONMENTAL REMEDIATION SOLELY BECAUSE IT HAS THE RIGHT TO ENFORCE AN
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT.
4. ENFORCEMENT SHALL NOT BE DEFEATED BECAUSE OF ANY SUBSEQUENT ADVERSE
POSSESSION, LACHES, ESTOPPEL, OR WAIVER. NO GENERAL LAW OF THE STATE
WHICH OPERATES TO DEFEAT THE ENFORCEMENT OF ANY INTEREST IN REAL PROPER-
TY SHALL OPERATE TO DEFEAT THE ENFORCEMENT OF ANY ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT
UNLESS SUCH GENERAL LAW EXPRESSLY STATES THE INTENT TO DEFEAT THE
ENFORCEMENT OF SUCH COVENANT OR PROVIDES FOR THE EXERCISE OF THE POWER
OF EMINENT DOMAIN.
5. FOR ANY PERSON WHO INTENTIONALLY VIOLATES AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT
THE DEPARTMENT MAY REVOKE THE CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION PROVIDED BY
SECTION 27-1419 OF THIS CHAPTER AS TO THE RELEVANT REAL ESTATE.
S 71-4527. UNIFORMITY OF APPLICATION AND CONSTRUCTION.
IN APPLYING AND CONSTRUING THIS TITLE, CONSIDERATION MUST BE GIVEN TO
THE NEED TO PROMOTE UNIFORMITY OF THE LAW WITH RESPECT TO ITS SUBJECT
MATTER AMONG STATES THAT ENACT IT.
S 71-4529. REGULATIONS.
THE DEPARTMENT IS AUTHORIZED TO PROMULGATE RULES AND REGULATIONS
NECESSARY AND APPROPRIATE TO CARRY OUT THE PURPOSES OF THIS TITLE.
S 71-4531. SEVERABILITY.
THE PROVISIONS OF THIS TITLE SHALL BE SEVERABLE, AND IF ANY CLAUSE,
SENTENCE, PARAGRAPH, SUBDIVISION, OR PART OF THIS TITLE SHALL BE
ADJUDGED BY ANY COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION TO BE INVALID, SUCH
JUDGMENT SHALL NOT AFFECT, IMPAIR OR INVALIDATE THE REMAINDER THEREOF,
BUT SHALL BE CONFINED IN ITS OPERATION TO THE CLAUSE, SENTENCE, PARA-
GRAPH, SUBDIVISION, OR PART THEREOF DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN THE CONTROVERSY
IN WHICH SUCH JUDGMENT SHALL HAVE BEEN RENDERED; PROVIDED THAT IF AN
ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT CREATED PURSUANT TO THIS TITLE IS DETERMINED BY
ANY COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION TO BE LAND OR WATER OR AN INTEREST
IN LAND OR WATER SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE FOURTEEN OF THE
CONSTITUTION, THEN THE AUTHORITY OF THE STATE TO HOLD OR ACQUIRE SUCH
COVENANT AND THE CONVEYANCE TO THE STATE OF SUCH COVENANT SHALL BE VOID
AB INITIO.
S 4. Subdivision (b) of section 27-1318 of the environmental conserva-
tion law, as amended by section 2 of part E of chapter 577 of the laws
of 2004, is amended to read as follows:
(b) Within sixty days of commencement of the remedial design, the
owner of an inactive hazardous waste disposal site, and/or any person
responsible for implementing a remedial program at such site, where
institutional or engineering controls are employed pursuant to this
title, shall execute an environmental easement pursuant to title thir-
ty-six of article seventy-one of this chapter OR AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVEN-
ANT PURSUANT TO TITLE FORTY-FIVE OF ARTICLE SEVENTY-ONE OF THIS CHAPTER.
S 5. Paragraph (d) of subdivision 7 of section 27-1415 of the environ-
mental conservation law, as added by section 1 of part A of chapter 1 of
the laws of 2003, is amended to read as follows:
(d) The commissioner shall create, update, and maintain a database
system for public information purposes and to monitor and track all
brownfield sites subject to this title. Data incorporated into such
system for each site for which information has been collected pursuant
to this title shall include, but shall not be limited to, a site summa-
ry, name of site owner, location, status of site remedial activity,
[and, if one has been created pursuant to title thirty-six of article
seventy-one of this chapter, a copy of the environmental easement,] and
a contact number to obtain additional information. THE DATABASE SHALL
S. 5228--A 10
ALSO INCLUDE FOR EACH SITE A COPY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL EASEMENT, IF ONE
HAS BEEN CREATED PURSUANT TO TITLE THIRTY-SIX OF ARTICLE SEVENTY-ONE OF
THIS CHAPTER, OR A COPY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT, IF ONE HAS BEEN
CREATED PURSUANT TO TITLE FORTY-FIVE OF ARTICLE SEVENTY-ONE OF THIS
CHAPTER. Sites shall be added to such system upon the execution of a
brownfield site cleanup agreement [pursuant to section 27-1409 of this
title]. If and when an environmental easement OR COVENANT is modified or
extinguished, the copy of the environmental easement OR COVENANT
contained in the database shall be updated accordingly. Such database
shall be in such a format that it can be readily searched by affected
local governments and the public for purposes including but not limited
to determining whether an environmental easement OR COVENANT has been
recorded for a site pursuant to title thirty-six OR FORTY-FIVE of arti-
cle seventy-one of this chapter. The database shall be available elec-
tronically. Information from this database shall be incorporated into
the geographic information system created and maintained by the depart-
ment pursuant to section 3-0315 of this chapter.
S 6. Paragraph (e) of subdivision 2 of section 27-1419 of the environ-
mental conservation law, as added by section 1 of part A of chapter 1 of
the laws of 2003, is amended to read as follows:
(e) a certification that any use restrictions, institutional controls,
engineering controls and/or any operation and maintenance requirements
applicable to the site are contained in an environmental easement
created and recorded pursuant to title thirty-six of article seventy-one
of this chapter OR AN ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT CREATED AND RECORDED PURSU-
ANT TO TITLE FORTY-FIVE OF SUCH ARTICLE and that any affected local
governments, as defined in title thirty-six of SUCH article [seventy-one
of this chapter] have been notified that such easement OR COVENANT has
been recorded;
S 7. Paragraph (g) of subdivision 2 of section 56-0503 of the environ-
mental conservation law, as amended by section 4 of part D of chapter 1
of the laws of 2003, is amended to read as follows:
(g) An agreement by the municipality that it shall put into place any
engineering and/or institutional controls (including environmental ease-
ments pursuant to title thirty-six of article seventy-one of this chap-
ter OR ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS PURSUANT TO TITLE FORTY-FIVE OF SUCH
ARTICLE) that the department may deem necessary to allow the contem-
plated use to proceed, that such engineering and/or institutional
controls shall be binding on such municipality, any successor in title,
and any lessees and that any successors in title and any lessees cannot
challenge state enforcement of such controls;
S 8. Paragraph 5 of subdivision (a) of section 21 of the tax law, as
amended by section 1 of part H of chapter 577 of the laws of 2004, is
amended to read as follows:
(5) Applicable percentage. For purposes of paragraphs two, three and
four of this subdivision, the applicable percentage shall be twelve
percent [in the case of credits claimed under article nine, nine-A,
thirty-two or thirty-three of this chapter, and ten percent in the case
of credits claimed under article twenty-two of this chapter,] except
that where at least fifty percent of the area of the qualified site
relating to the credit provided for in this section is located in an
environmental zone as defined in paragraph six of subdivision (b) of
this section, the applicable percentage shall be increased by an addi-
tional eight percent. Provided, however, as afforded in section 27-1419
of the environmental conservation law, if the certificate of completion
indicates that the qualified site has been remediated to Track 1 as that
S. 5228--A 11
term is described in subdivision four of section 27-1415 of the environ-
mental conservation law, the applicable percentage set forth in the
first sentence of this paragraph shall be increased by an additional two
percent.
S 9. Subparagraph (A) of paragraph 3-a of subdivision (a) of section
21 of the tax law, as added by chapter 390 of the laws of 2008, is
amended to read as follows:
(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, the
tangible property credit component available for any qualified site
pursuant to paragraph three of this subdivision shall not exceed thir-
ty-five million dollars or three times THE SUM OF the costs included in
the calculation of the site preparation credit component and the on-site
groundwater remediation credit component under paragraphs two and four,
respectively, of this subdivision, AND THE COSTS THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN
INCLUDED IN THE CALCULATION OF SUCH COMPONENTS IF NOT TREATED AS AN
EXPENSE AND DEDUCTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 198 OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE
CODE, whichever is less; provided, however, that: (1) in the case of a
qualified site to be used primarily for manufacturing activities, the
tangible property credit component available for any qualified site
pursuant to paragraph three of this subdivision shall not exceed
[forty-five] ONE HUNDRED FIFTY million dollars or [six] TWENTY times THE
SUM OF the costs included in the calculation of the site preparation
credit component and the on-site groundwater remediation credit compo-
nent under paragraphs two and four, respectively, of this subdivision,
AND THE COSTS THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN INCLUDED IN THE CALCULATION OF SUCH
COMPONENTS IF NOT TREATED AS AN EXPENSE AND DEDUCTED PURSUANT TO SECTION
198 OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE, whichever is less; and (2) the
provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to any qualified site for
which the department of environmental conservation has issued a notice
to the taxpayer before June twenty-third, two thousand eight that its
request for participation has been accepted under subdivision six of
section 27-1407 of the environmental conservation law.
S 10. Paragraph 6 of subdivision (b) of section 21 of the tax law, as
amended by section 1 of part H of chapter 577 of the laws of 2004,
subparagraph (B) and the closing paragraph as amended by section 1 of
part G of chapter 62 of the laws of 2006, is amended to read as follows:
(6) Environmental zones (EN-Zones). An "environmental zone" shall mean
an area designated as such by the commissioner of economic development.
Such areas so designated are areas which are census tracts and block
numbering areas which, as of the [two thousand] MOST RECENT census,
satisfy either of the following criteria:
(A) areas that have both:
(i) a poverty rate of at least twenty percent for the year to which
the data relate; and
(ii) an unemployment rate of at least one and one-quarter times the
statewide unemployment rate for the year to which the data relate, or;
(B) areas that have a poverty rate of at least two times the poverty
rate for the county in which the areas are located for the year to which
the data relate [provided, however, that a qualified site shall only be
deemed to be located in an environmental zone under this subparagraph
(B) if such site was the subject of a brownfield site cleanup agreement
pursuant to section 27-1409 of the environmental conservation law that
was entered into prior to September first, two thousand ten].
Such designation shall be made and a list of all such environmental
zones shall be established by the commissioner of economic development
no later than December thirty-first, two thousand [four provided, howev-
S. 5228--A 12
er, that a qualified site shall only be deemed to be located in an envi-
ronmental zone under subparagraph (B) of this paragraph if such site was
the subject of a brownfield site cleanup agreement pursuant to section
27-1409 of the environmental conservation law that was entered into
prior to September first, two thousand ten] TWELVE.
S 11. Paragraph 5 of subdivision (a) of section 22 of the tax law, as
amended by section 4 of part H of chapter 577 of the laws of 2004,
subparagraph (B) and the closing paragraph as amended by section 2 of
part G of chapter 62 of the laws of 2006, is amended to read as follows:
(5) Environmental zones (EN-Zones). An "environmental zone" shall mean
an area designated as such by the commissioner of economic development.
Such areas so designated are areas which are census tracts and block
numbering areas which, as of the [two thousand] MOST RECENT census,
satisfy either of the following criteria:
(A) areas that have both:
(i) a poverty rate of at least twenty percent for the year to which
the data relate;
(ii) an unemployment rate of at least one and one-quarter times the
statewide unemployment rate for the year to which the data relate, or;
(B) areas that have a poverty rate of at least two times the poverty
rate for the county in which the areas are located for the year to which
the data relate[, provided, however, that a qualified site shall only be
deemed to be located in an environmental zone under this subparagraph
(B) if such site was the subject of a brownfield site cleanup agreement
pursuant to section 27-1409 of the environmental conservation law that
was entered into prior to September first, two thousand ten].
Such designation shall be made and a list of all such environmental
zones shall be established by the commissioner of economic development
no later than December thirty-first, two thousand [four provided, howev-
er, that a qualified site shall only be deemed to be located in an envi-
ronmental zone under subparagraph (B) of this paragraph if such site was
the subject of a brownfield site cleanup agreement pursuant to section
27-1409 of the environmental conservation law that was entered into
prior to September first, two thousand ten] TWELVE.
S 12. Subdivision (a) of section 23 of the tax law, as amended by
section 10 of part H of chapter 577 of the laws of 2004, is amended to
read as follows:
(a) Allowance of credit. General. A taxpayer subject to tax under
article nine, nine-A, twenty-two, thirty-two or thirty-three of this
chapter shall be allowed a credit against such tax, pursuant to the
provisions referenced in subdivision (e) of this section. The amount of
such credit shall be equal to the lesser of [thirty] NINETY thousand
dollars or fifty percent of the premiums paid on or after the date of
the brownfield site cleanup agreement executed by the taxpayer and the
department of environmental conservation pursuant to section 27-1409 of
the environmental conservation law by the taxpayer for environmental
remediation insurance issued with respect to a qualified site.
S 13. Section 31 of part H of chapter 1 of the laws of 2003 amending
the tax law relating to brownfield redevelopment tax credits, is
REPEALED.
S 14. Severability. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivision,
section or part of this act shall be adjudged by any court of competent
jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair or
invalidate the remainder thereof, but shall be confined in its operation
to the clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivision, section or part thereof
directly involved in the controversy in which such judgment shall have
S. 5228--A 13
been rendered. It is hereby declared to be the intent of the legislature
that this act would have been enacted even if such invalid provisions
had not been included herein.
S 15. This act shall take effect immediately and shall apply to a
qualified site for which the commissioner of environmental conservation
has issued a notice to the taxpayer or other applicant after July 1,
2012 that its request for participation has been accepted under subdivi-
sion 6 of section 27-1407 of the environmental conservation law.
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