S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
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                                  4939

                       2013-2014 Regular Sessions

                          I N  A S S E M B L Y

                            February 13, 2013
                               ___________

Introduced by M. of A. BRENNAN, DINOWITZ, PERRY, JAFFEE, ORTIZ, BOYLAND,
  WEPRIN  --  Multi-Sponsored by -- M. of A. BRAUNSTEIN, CAHILL, COLTON,
  COOK, GABRYSZAK, GALEF, GOTTFRIED, HIKIND,  JACOBS,  LUPARDO,  MARKEY,
  MILLMAN, SCHIMEL, SWEENEY, TITONE, WRIGHT -- read once and referred to
  the Committee on Consumer Affairs and Protection

AN  ACT to amend the general business law, in relation to protecting the
  privacy of internet users

  THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

  Section  1.  Short  title. This act shall be known and may be cited as
the "New York state internet privacy law".
  S 2. Legislative intent. 1. The legislature finds that the internet is
becoming a major part of the personal and commercial lives of Americans.
The internet brings with it much good, such as increased personal  know-
ledge  and  communications,  and increased and more efficient commercial
opportunities.
  2. The privacy of personal information flowing over the internet is of
concern. Vast amounts of personal information about individual  internet
users are collected on the internet and sold or otherwise transferred to
third  parties.  Polls  consistently show that individual internet users
are highly troubled over their  lack  of  control  over  their  personal
information.  In  fact,  concern  over  personal  privacy  is one of the
biggest factors holding back even greater commercial development of  the
internet.
  3.  The right to privacy is a personal and fundamental right worthy of
protection through appropriate  legislation.    Industry  has  developed
several  self-policing  schemes,  but  none of them are enforceable in a
meaningful way.  Meaningful, enforceable internet  privacy  rules  would
protect  New  York  citizens  and  would foster the growth of electronic
commerce in New York.

 EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                      [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                           LBD08485-01-3

              

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  4. The legislature intends to establish strong privacy rules to  which
an  operator  of  a  website or online service may voluntarily choose to
submit.  The incentive for the operator to submit will be  that  it  may
publicize that it complies with the New York state internet privacy law.
Any  operator  who  does  so  advertise may be subject to an enforcement
action.
  S 3. Article 40 and sections 900 and 901 of the general business  law,
as renumbered by chapter 407 of the laws of 1973, are renumbered article
41  and  sections 1000 and 1001 and a new article 40 is added to read as
follows:
                                ARTICLE 40
                   NEW YORK STATE INTERNET PRIVACY LAW
SECTION 900. DEFINITIONS.
        901. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.
        902. DISCLOSURE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION.
        903. THIRD PARTIES.
        904. USER'S RIGHT TO INSPECT AND CORRECT INFORMATION.
        905. DURATION OF OPERATOR'S RESPONSIBILITY.
        906. ENFORCEMENT.
        907. SEPARABILITY CLAUSE.
  S 900. DEFINITIONS. AS USED IN THIS ARTICLE:
  1. THE TERM "INTERNET" MEANS COLLECTIVELY THE MYRIAD OF  COMPUTER  AND
TELECOMMUNICATIONS  FACILITIES,  INCLUDING EQUIPMENT AND OPERATING SOFT-
WARE, WHICH COMPRISE THE INTERCONNECTED WORLD-WIDE NETWORK  OF  NETWORKS
THAT  EMPLOY THE TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL, OR ANY
PREDECESSOR OR SUCCESSOR PROTOCOLS  TO  SUCH  PROTOCOL,  TO  COMMUNICATE
INFORMATION OF ALL KINDS BY WIRE OR RADIO.
  2. THE TERM "OPERATOR" MEANS ANY PERSON WHO OPERATES A WEBSITE LOCATED
ON  THE  INTERNET  OR  AN  ONLINE  SERVICE AND WHO COLLECTS OR MAINTAINS
PERSONAL INFORMATION FROM OR ABOUT THE USERS  OF  OR  VISITORS  TO  SUCH
WEBSITE  OR  ONLINE  SERVICE,  OR  ON  WHOSE  BEHALF SUCH INFORMATION IS
COLLECTED OR MAINTAINED, WHERE SUCH WEBSITE OR ONLINE SERVICE  IS  OPER-
ATED  FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES, INCLUDING ANY PERSON OFFERING PRODUCTS OR
SERVICES FOR SALE THROUGH THAT  WEBSITE  OR  ONLINE  SERVICE,  INVOLVING
COMMERCE.
  3. THE TERM "USER" MEANS A PERSON WHO USES AN ONLINE SERVICE OR VISITS
A WEBSITE.
  4.  THE  TERM  "PERSONAL  INFORMATION" MEANS INDIVIDUALLY IDENTIFIABLE
INFORMATION ABOUT AN INDIVIDUAL COLLECTED ONLINE, INCLUDING:
  (A) A FIRST AND LAST NAME;
  (B) A HOME OR OTHER PHYSICAL ADDRESS INCLUDING STREET NAME AND NAME OF
A CITY OR TOWN;
  (C) AN E-MAIL ADDRESS;
  (D) A TELEPHONE NUMBER;
  (E) A SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER;
  (F) ANY OTHER IDENTIFIER THAT PERMITS THE PHYSICAL OR ONLINE  CONTACT-
ING OF A SPECIFIC INDIVIDUAL; OR
  (G)  INFORMATION  CONCERNING A CHILD OR THE PARENTS OF THAT CHILD THAT
THE OPERATOR COLLECTS ONLINE FROM THE CHILD AND  COMBINES  WITH  ANOTHER
IDENTIFIER SET FORTH IN THIS SUBDIVISION.
  5. THE TERM "DISCLOSURE" MEANS, WITH RESPECT TO PERSONAL INFORMATION:
  (A) THE RELEASE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION COLLECTED IN IDENTIFIABLE FORM
BY  AN  OPERATOR  FOR  ANY  PURPOSE,  EXCEPT  WHERE  SUCH INFORMATION IS
PROVIDED TO A PERSON OTHER THAN THE OPERATOR WHO  PROVIDES  SUPPORT  FOR
THE INTERNAL OPERATIONS OF THE WEBSITE AND DOES NOT DISCLOSE OR USE THAT
INFORMATION FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE; AND

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  (B) MAKING PERSONAL INFORMATION COLLECTED FROM A CHILD BY A WEBSITE OR
ONLINE  SERVICE  DIRECTED TO CHILDREN OR WITH ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE THAT SUCH
INFORMATION WAS COLLECTED FROM A CHILD, PUBLICLY AVAILABLE IN  IDENTIFI-
ABLE  FORM,  BY  ANY  MEANS  INCLUDING  BY A PUBLIC POSTING, THROUGH THE
INTERNET, OR THROUGH:
  (I) A HOME PAGE OF A WEBSITE;
  (II) A PEN PAL SERVICE;
  (III) AN ELECTRONIC MAIL SERVICE;
  (IV) A MESSAGE BOARD; OR
  (V) A CHAT ROOM.
  6.  THE  TERM  "THIRD PARTY" MEANS A PERSON OTHER THAN THE USER OR THE
OPERATOR, OR AN EMPLOYEE OF THE OPERATOR.
  S 901. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE. AN OPERATOR IS SUBJECT TO THIS  ARTI-
CLE  IF IT ADVERTISES OR OTHERWISE PUBLICLY STATES THAT IT COMPLIES WITH
THE "NEW YORK STATE INTERNET PRIVACY LAW".
  S 902. DISCLOSURE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION. 1. AN  OPERATOR  SHALL  NOT
DISCLOSE  TO  A  THIRD  PARTY  ANY  PERSONALLY  IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION
OBTAINED FROM A USER WITHOUT  THE  USER'S  PRIOR  INFORMED,  AFFIRMATIVE
WRITTEN CONSENT.
  2.  INFORMED CONSENT REQUIRES THAT THE OPERATOR NOTIFY THE USER OF THE
IDENTITY OF ANY THIRD PARTY WHICH  WILL  RECEIVE  HIS  OR  HER  PERSONAL
INFORMATION, AND FOR WHAT PURPOSE THE INFORMATION WILL BE USED.
  3. INFORMED WRITTEN CONSENT MAY BE OBTAINED ONLY UPON NOTICE TO A USER
OF  HIS  OR  HER  RIGHTS UNDER THIS LAW. SUCH NOTICE MUST BE IN WRITING,
CLEAR AND CONSPICUOUS, AND IN PLAIN ENGLISH.
  4. AN OPERATOR SHALL PERMIT A PERSON TO  REVOKE  THE  CONSENT  GRANTED
UNDER SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS SECTION AT ANY TIME, AND UPON SUCH REVOCA-
TION,  SUCH  OPERATOR SHALL CEASE DISCLOSING SUCH INFORMATION TO A THIRD
PARTY.
  5. AN OPERATOR OR AN EMPLOYEE OF SUCH  OPERATOR  SHALL  NOT  KNOWINGLY
DISCLOSE  TO  A  THIRD  PARTY  ANY  PERSONALLY  IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION
PROVIDED BY A SUBSCRIBER TO SUCH SERVICE  THAT  SUCH  SERVICE,  OR  SUCH
EMPLOYEE, HAS KNOWINGLY FALSIFIED.
  6.  NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS SECTION,
NEITHER AN OPERATOR NOR THE OPERATOR'S AGENT SHALL BE HELD TO BE  LIABLE
FOR  ANY  DISCLOSURE  MADE IN GOOD FAITH AND FOLLOWING REASONABLE PROCE-
DURES IN RESPONDING TO A REQUEST FOR DISCLOSURE OF PERSONAL  INFORMATION
UNDER THE FEDERAL CHILDREN'S ONLINE PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT TO THE PARENT
OF A CHILD.
  7.  NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS SECTION,
AN OPERATOR MAY DISCLOSE PERSONAL INFORMATION,  WITHOUT  NOTICE  TO  THE
USER,  WHEN  NECESSARY  TO  RESPOND TO A COURT ORDER, SUBPOENA, OR OTHER
LEGAL PROCESS.
  S 903. THIRD PARTIES. 1. PRIOR TO DISCLOSING PERSONAL INFORMATION TO A
THIRD PARTY, AN OPERATOR SHALL INFORM THE THIRD PARTY OF THE  PROVISIONS
OF THIS ARTICLE, AND OBTAIN FROM THE THIRD PARTY A WRITTEN CERTIFICATION
THAT THE THIRD PARTY WILL COMPLY WITH THIS ARTICLE.
  2.  A THIRD PARTY WHICH RECEIVES PERSONAL INFORMATION PURSUANT TO THIS
ARTICLE MAY USE SUCH INFORMATION ONLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF WHICH THE  USER
HAS BEEN NOTIFIED.
  S  904.  USER'S  RIGHT  TO  INSPECT  AND  CORRECT INFORMATION. 1. UPON
REQUEST AN OPERATOR SHALL (A) PROVIDE A PERSON WITH HIS OR HER  PERSONAL
INFORMATION  MAINTAINED  BY  THE OPERATOR; (B) PERMIT THE USER TO VERIFY
SUCH INFORMATION MAINTAINED BY THE SERVICE; AND (C) PERMIT THE  USER  TO
CORRECT ANY ERROR IN SUCH INFORMATION.

A. 4939                             4

  2. UPON REQUEST, AN OPERATOR SHALL PROVIDE TO THE USER THE IDENTITY OF
THE THIRD PARTY RECIPIENTS OF HIS OF HER PERSONAL INFORMATION.
  3.  AN  OPERATOR  SHALL NOT CHARGE A FEE FOR ONE ANNUAL REQUEST THAT A
PERSON MAKES FOR THE INFORMATION SET FORTH IN SUBDIVISION FOUR  OR  FIVE
OF  SECTION  NINE  HUNDRED  OF THIS ARTICLE. FOR ADDITIONAL REQUESTS, AN
OPERATOR MAY CHARGE A FEE CONSISTING OF THE OPERATOR'S  ACTUAL  COST  OF
PROVIDING  THE  INFORMATION.  AN OPERATOR SHALL PROVIDE AN ABILITY FOR A
USER TO ELECTRONICALLY REQUEST AND RECEIVE THE INFORMATION SET FORTH  IN
THIS SECTION.
  S 905. DURATION OF OPERATOR'S RESPONSIBILITY. ANY PERSONAL INFORMATION
WHICH  AN  OPERATOR  OBTAINS  WITHIN  THIRTY DAYS OF THE OPERATOR'S LAST
ADVERTISEMENT OR PUBLIC STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION NINE  HUNDRED  ONE
OF THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO THIS ARTICLE.
  S 906. ENFORCEMENT. 1. ANY PERSON FOUND TO HAVE VIOLATED THIS ARTICLE,
KNOWINGLY  OR  RECKLESSLY, SHALL BE LIABLE TO THE AGGRIEVED USER FOR ALL
ACTUAL DAMAGES SUSTAINED  BY  SUCH  USER  AS  A  DIRECT  RESULT  OF  THE
VIOLATION,  PROVIDED  THAT  ANY SUBSCRIBER WHO PREVAILS OR SUBSTANTIALLY
PREVAILS IN ANY ACTION BROUGHT UNDER THIS SECTION SHALL RECEIVE NOT LESS
THAN FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS IN DAMAGES, REGARDLESS OF THE AMOUNT OF ACTUAL
DAMAGE PROVED, PLUS COSTS, DISBURSEMENTS AND REASONABLE ATTORNEY'S FEES.
AN ACTION BROUGHT PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION MAY BE MAINTAINED AS A  CLASS
ACTION.
  2. WHENEVER THERE SHALL BE A VIOLATION OF THIS ARTICLE, AN APPLICATION
MAY  BE  MADE  BY  THE ATTORNEY GENERAL IN THE NAME OF THE PEOPLE OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK TO A COURT OR JUSTICE HAVING JURISDICTION BY A SPECIAL
PROCEEDING TO ISSUE AN INJUNCTION, AND UPON NOTICE TO THE  DEFENDANT  OF
NOT LESS THAN FIVE DAYS, TO ENJOIN AND RESTRAIN THE CONTINUATION OF SUCH
VIOLATION;  AND  IF  IT SHALL APPEAR TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE COURT OR
JUSTICE THAT THE DEFENDANT HAS,  IN  FACT,  VIOLATED  THIS  ARTICLE,  AN
INJUNCTION  MAY  BE  ISSUED  BY  SUCH  COURT  OR  JUSTICE, ENJOINING AND
RESTRAINING ANY FURTHER VIOLATION,  WITHOUT  REQUIRING  PROOF  THAT  ANY
PERSON  HAS,  IN  FACT,  BEEN  INJURED  OR  DAMAGED THEREBY. IN ANY SUCH
PROCEEDING, THE COURT MAY MAKE ALLOWANCES TO  THE  ATTORNEY  GENERAL  AS
PROVIDED  IN  PARAGRAPH  SIX  OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION EIGHTY-THREE
HUNDRED THREE OF THE CIVIL PRACTICE LAW AND RULES  AND  DIRECT  RESTITU-
TION.  WHENEVER  THE  COURT  SHALL  DETERMINE  THAT  A GROSSLY NEGLIGENT
VIOLATION OF THIS ARTICLE HAS OCCURRED, THE COURT  MAY  IMPOSE  A  CIVIL
PENALTY  OF  NOT  MORE  THAN ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS FOR SUCH VIOLATION. IN
CONNECTION WITH ANY SUCH PROPOSED APPLICATION, THE ATTORNEY  GENERAL  IS
AUTHORIZED  TO TAKE PROOF AND MAKE A DETERMINATION OF THE RELEVANT FACTS
AND TO ISSUE SUBPOENAS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE  CIVIL  PRACTICE  LAW  AND
RULES.
  3.  THE  REMEDIES PROVIDED BY THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE IN ADDITION TO ANY
OTHER LAWFUL REMEDY AVAILABLE TO A SUBSCRIBER.
  4. NO ACTION MAY BE BROUGHT  UNDER  THE  PROVISIONS  OF  THIS  SECTION
UNLESS  SUCH  ACTION  IS COMMENCED WITHIN THE TWO YEARS FROM THE DATE OF
THE ACT COMPLAINED OF OR THE DATE OF DISCOVERY OF SUCH ACT.
  S 907. SEPARABILITY CLAUSE. IF ANY CLAUSE, PARAGRAPH, SECTION OR  PART
OF THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE ADJUDGED BY ANY COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION
TO  BE  INVALID  OR  UNCONSTITUTIONAL,  SUCH  JUDGMENT SHALL NOT AFFECT,
IMPAIR OR INVALIDATE THE REMAINDER THEREOF, BUT SHALL BE CONFINED IN ITS
OPERATION TO THE CLAUSE, SENTENCE, PARAGRAPH, SECTION  OR  PART  THEREOF
DIRECTLY  INVOLVED  IN THE CONTROVERSY IN WHICH SUCH JUDGMENT SHALL HAVE
BEEN RENDERED.
  S 4. This act shall take effect on the one hundred eightieth day after
it shall have become a law.