S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
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3832
2015-2016 Regular Sessions
I N A S S E M B L Y
January 27, 2015
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Introduced by M. of A. WRIGHT -- read once and referred to the Committee
on Labor
AN ACT to amend the labor law, in relation to enacting the broadcast
employees' freedom to work act; and to repeal certain provisions of
such law relating thereto
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. This act shall be known and may be cited as the "broadcast
employees' freedom to work act".
S 2. Section 202-k of the labor law is REPEALED and a new section
202-k is added to read as follows:
S 202-K. PROTECTION OF PERSONS EMPLOYED IN THE BROADCAST INDUSTRY. 1.
DEFINITIONS. FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION:
(A) "BROADCASTING INDUSTRY EMPLOYER" INCLUDES (I) TELEVISION STATIONS
OR NETWORKS, RADIO STATIONS OR NETWORKS, OR CABLE STATIONS OR NETWORKS,
(II) INTERNET OR SATELLITE-BASED SERVICES SIMILAR TO A BROADCAST STATION
OR NETWORK AND THAT PROVIDE COVERED BROADCASTING SERVICES, AND (III) ANY
OTHER ENTITY THAT PROVIDES COVERED BROADCASTING SERVICES.
(B) "COVERED BROADCASTING SERVICES" SHALL MEAN THE PROVISION OF BROAD-
CASTING SERVICES SUCH AS NEWS, WEATHER, TRAFFIC, SPORTS, OR ENTER-
TAINMENT REPORTS, OR OTHER FORMS OF CONTENT PROGRAMMING; PROVIDED THAT
FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, AN ENTITY SHALL NOT BE PRESUMED TO BE
ACTIVELY ENGAGED IN THE PROVISION OF COVERED BROADCASTING SERVICES
UNLESS AT LEAST THIRTY PERCENT OF ITS ASSETS OR EMPLOYEES ARE DEDICATED
PRIMARILY TO THE PROVISION OF SUCH SERVICES.
(C) "BROADCAST EMPLOYEE" SHALL MEAN (I) ANY ON-AIR EMPLOYEE OR (II)
OFF-AIR EMPLOYEE OF A BROADCASTING INDUSTRY EMPLOYER PROVIDING DIRECT
SUPPORT OR SERVICES TO ANY ON-AIR EMPLOYEE, PROVIDED, THAT SUCH SUPPORT
OR SERVICE RELATES TO THE CONTENT OF A BROADCAST, EXCLUDING MANAGEMENT
EMPLOYEES AND SALES REPRESENTATIVES.
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD04967-01-5
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(D) "MANAGEMENT EMPLOYEE" SHALL MEAN AN EMPLOYEE (I) WHOSE PRIMARY
DUTY CONSISTS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE IN WHICH SUCH INDIVID-
UAL IS EMPLOYED OR OF A CUSTOMARILY RECOGNIZED DEPARTMENT OR SUBDIVISION
THEREOF; (II) WHO CUSTOMARILY AND REGULARLY DIRECTS THE WORK OF TWO OR
MORE OTHER EMPLOYEES THEREIN; (III) WHO HAS AUTHORITY TO HIRE OR FIRE
OTHER EMPLOYEES OR MAKE SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS AS TO HIRING OR
FIRING AND AS TO THE ADVANCEMENT AND PROMOTION OR ANY OTHER CHANGE OF
STATUS OF EMPLOYEES; AND (IV) WHO CUSTOMARILY AND REGULARLY EXERCISES
DISCRETIONARY POWERS.
(E) "REQUIRE AS A CONDITION OF EMPLOYMENT" SHALL MEAN TO IMPOSE ON ANY
BROADCAST EMPLOYEE A COVENANT NOT TO COMPETE AS AN EXPRESS MANDATORY
OBLIGATION IN CONNECTION WITH (I) AN OFFER OF EMPLOYMENT OR PROPOSED
CONTRACT FOR EMPLOYMENT OR REEMPLOYMENT OR (II) CONTINUED EMPLOYMENT;
PROVIDED THAT THE GRANT OF ANY AWARD OR BENEFIT THE FORFEITURE OF WHICH
MAY RESULT FROM A BREACH OF A COVENANT NOT TO COMPETE SHALL NOT BE
DEEMED TO IMPOSE ON ANY BROADCAST EMPLOYEE A COVENANT NOT TO COMPETE.
(F) "COVENANT NOT TO COMPETE" SHALL MEAN ANY CONDITION OF EMPLOYMENT
FALLING WITHIN THE PROVISIONS OF SUBDIVISION TWO OF THIS SECTION.
2. NONCOMPETITION. A BROADCASTING INDUSTRY EMPLOYER SHALL NOT REQUIRE
AS A CONDITION OF EMPLOYMENT, WHETHER IN AN EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT OR
OTHERWISE, THAT A BROADCAST EMPLOYEE OR PROSPECTIVE BROADCAST EMPLOYEE
REFRAIN FROM OBTAINING EMPLOYMENT:
(A) IN ANY SPECIFIED GEOGRAPHIC AREA;
(B) FOR A SPECIFIC PERIOD OF TIME; OR
(C) WITH ANY PARTICULAR EMPLOYER OR IN ANY PARTICULAR INDUSTRY;
IN EACH CASE, AFTER THE CONCLUSION OF EMPLOYMENT WITH SUCH BROADCASTING
INDUSTRY EMPLOYER. THIS SECTION SHALL NOT APPLY TO PREVENTING THE
ENFORCEMENT OF SUCH A COVENANT DURING THE TERM OF AN EMPLOYMENT
CONTRACT.
3. EXCLUSIONS. THIS SECTION SHALL NOT PREVENT:
(A) THE ENFORCEMENT BY A BROADCASTING INDUSTRY EMPLOYER OF SUCH A
COVENANT NOT TO COMPETE DURING THE REMAINING TERM OF EMPLOYMENT AS SET
FORTH IN AN EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT BETWEEN A BROADCAST EMPLOYEE AND A
BROADCASTING INDUSTRY EMPLOYER, IN THE EVENT THAT THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE
BROADCAST EMPLOYEE IS TERMINATED FOR ANY REASON;
(B) THE ENFORCEMENT BY A BROADCASTING INDUSTRY EMPLOYER OF A COVENANT
NOT TO COMPETE, NOT REQUIRED AS A CONDITION OF EMPLOYMENT, BUT AGREED TO
BY A BROADCAST EMPLOYEE IN EXCHANGE FOR ADDITIONAL AND INDEPENDENT
CONSIDERATION SUCH AS (I) SEVERANCE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY
SEVERANCE DUE UNDER AN APPLICABLE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENT, OR
(II) ANY OTHER POST-TERMINATION BENEFIT OR ARRANGEMENT.
(C) THE ENFORCEMENT BY A BROADCASTING INDUSTRY EMPLOYER OF AN EXCLU-
SIVE GOOD-FAITH NEGOTIATION PROVISION UNDER WHICH, DURING THE TERM OF
EMPLOYMENT AND FOR A REASONABLE PERIOD THEREAFTER (NOT TO EXCEED ONE
HUNDRED EIGHTY DAYS FROM THE TERMINATION OF A BROADCAST EMPLOYEE'S
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT OR ARRANGEMENT), SUCH BROADCAST EMPLOYEE HAS AGREED
TO NEGOTIATE EXCLUSIVELY AND IN GOOD FAITH WITH HIS OR HER EMPLOYER OR
FORMER EMPLOYER (AS THE CASE MAY BE) BEFORE ENTERING INTO NEGOTIATIONS
WITH, OR ACCEPTING EMPLOYMENT WITH, ANY OTHER PARTY;
(D) THE ENFORCEMENT BY A BROADCASTING INDUSTRY EMPLOYER OF A RIGHT OF
FIRST REFUSAL UNDER WHICH, FOR A REASONABLE PERIOD THEREAFTER (NOT TO
EXCEED ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY DAYS FROM THE TERMINATION OF A BROADCAST
EMPLOYEE'S EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT OR ARRANGEMENT), SUCH BROADCAST EMPLOYEE
HAS AGREED TO (I) PROVIDE HIS OR HER FORMER EMPLOYER WITH NOTICE OF THE
MATERIAL TERMS OF ANY OTHER OFFER OF EMPLOYMENT; (II) PROVIDE HIS OR HER
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FORMER EMPLOYER WITH A RIGHT TO MATCH THAT OFFER; AND (III) ACCEPT A
MATCHING OFFER MADE BY THE FORMER EMPLOYER;
(E) THE ENFORCEMENT BY A BROADCASTING INDUSTRY EMPLOYER OR ANY
POST-CONTRACTUAL RESTRICTION FOR A BROADCAST EMPLOYEE EARNING MORE THAN
ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS ANNUALLY; OR
(F) THE ENFORCEMENT BY A BROADCASTING INDUSTRY EMPLOYER OF ANY
POST-CONTRACTUAL CONFIDENTIALITY OR NON-DISCLOSURE PROVISION IN THE
BROADCAST EMPLOYEE'S CONTRACT.
4. DAMAGES. ANY PERSON WHO VIOLATES THIS SECTION SHALL BE CIVILLY
LIABLE TO A BROADCAST EMPLOYEE FOR DIRECT AND ACTUAL DAMAGES ONLY (AND
NOT CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES), AS WELL AS ATTORNEY'S FEES AND
COSTS.
S 3. Waiver. The protections provided by section 202-k of the labor
law, as added by section two of this act, may not be waived, and any
clause, covenant or agreement to waive such prohibition shall be null
and void and may not be enforced against the parties in any court or
other jurisdiction.
S 4. This act shall take effect immediately; provided that the
provisions of this act are retroactive and shall apply only to contracts
entered into, renewed, or extended on or after August 5, 2008; provided
further that the provisions of this section shall not apply to any
broadcasting industry employer seeking to enforce a written covenant not
to compete that was in effect prior to August 5, 2008 and that has not
otherwise been renewed or extended after such date, regardless of wheth-
er the termination of employment of a broadcast employee occurs prior to
or after the effective date of this act.