NY State Assembly Bill 2017-A11246

Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Rules Committee

Introduced
- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
- Passed Assembly
- Passed Senate
Delivered to Governor
Signed By Governor

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Date of Action	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
Jun 20, 2018	referred to rules delivered to senate passed assembly ordered to third reading rules cal.439 rules report cal.439
Jun 19, 2018	reported reported referred to rules
Jun 17, 2018	referred to ways and means

2017-A11246 (ACTIVE) - Details

Current Committee:: Senate Rules
Law Section:: Tax Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §2, Chap 88 of 2009; amd §2, Chap 89 of 2009; amd §2, Chap 62 of 2015; amd §3, Chap 327 of 2006; amd §2, Chap 405 of 2005; amd §2, Chap 368 of 2008; amd §2, Chap 218 of 2009; amd §2, Chap 98 of 2009; amd §3, Chap 105 of 2009; amd §§1903 & 1803-a, RPT L; amd §§54.30, 54.10, 54.90, 57.00, 90.00, 107.00 & 54.40, Loc Fin L; amd §10-a, §2 of Chap 868 of 1975; amd §5, Chap 142 of 2004; amd §§1604 & 1709, Ed L; amd V & T L, generally; amd §12, Chap 43 of 2014; amd §15, Chap 189 of 2013; amd §87, Pub Off L; amd §3656, Pub Auth L; amd §6-41.0, add §6-42.2, Chap 272 of 1939

2017-A11246 (ACTIVE) - Summary

Extends the city of New Rochelle occupancy tax for three years; extends the city of Rye occupancy tax for three years; extends the city of Yonkers occupancy tax for three years; extends the expiration of the authority of the county of Essex to impose an additional mortgage recording tax

2017-A11246 (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

                            
 
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   11246
 
                           I N  A S S E M B L Y
 
                               June 17, 2018
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by COMMITTEE ON RULES -- (at request of M. of A. Heastie) --
   read once and referred to the Committee on Ways and Means
 
 AN ACT to amend chapter 88 of the laws of  2009  amending  the  tax  law
   relating  to  the  imposition  of  an occupancy tax in the city of New
   Rochelle, in relation to extending the effectiveness thereof; to amend
   chapter 89 of the laws of 2009 amending the tax law  relating  to  the
   imposition  of  an  occupancy  tax  in the city of Rye, in relation to
   extending the effectiveness thereof; to amend chapter 62 of  the  laws
   of  2015  amending the tax law, relating to the imposition of an occu-
   pancy tax in the city of Yonkers, in relation to extending the  effec-
   tiveness  thereof;  to amend chapter 327 of the laws of 2006, amending
   the tax law relating to authorizing the county of Essex to  impose  an
   additional  mortgage recording tax, in relation to extending the expi-
   ration and repeal of such provisions; to amend chapter 405 of the laws
   of 2005 amending the tax law relating to  authorizing  the  county  of
   Albany  to  impose  a county recording tax on obligations secured by a
   mortgage on real property, in relation to extending the  effectiveness
   thereof;  to  amend  chapter 368 of the laws of 2008, amending the tax
   law relating to authorizing the county of Warren to  impose  an  addi-
   tional mortgage recording tax, in relation to extending the effective-
   ness  thereof;  to  amend chapter 218 of the laws of 2009 amending the
   tax law relating to authorizing the county  of  Greene  to  impose  an
   additional mortgage recording tax, in relation to extending the effec-
   tiveness  thereof;  to  amend chapter 98 of the laws of 2009, amending
   the tax law relating to  authorizing  the  county  of  Cattaraugus  to
   impose  an additional mortgage recording tax, in relation to extending
   the expiration thereof; to amend chapter  105  of  the  laws  of  2009
   amending chapter 693 of the laws of 1980 enabling the county of Albany
   to  impose  and  collect taxes on occupancy of hotel or motel rooms in
   Albany county relating to revenues received  from  the  collection  of
   hotel or motel occupancy taxes, in relation to the effectiveness ther-
   eof;  to amend the real property tax law, in relation to adjusted base
   proportions for assessment rolls; to amend the real property tax  law,
   in  relation  to  the  determination  of  adjusted base proportions in
   special assessing units which are cities for the fiscal year two thou-
   sand nineteen; to amend the real property  tax  law,  in  relation  to
   allowing  certain  special assessing units other than cities to adjust

  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD16345-02-8

 A. 11246                            2

   their current base proportions, adjusted base proportions for  assess-
   ment  rolls,  and  the  base proportion in approved assessing units in
   Nassau county; to amend the local finance law, in relation to the sale
   of  bonds and notes of the city of Buffalo; to amend the local finance
   law, in relation to the sale of bonds and notes of  the  city  of  New
   York,  the issuance of bonds or notes with variable rates of interest,
   interest rate exchange agreements of the city of New York, the refund-
   ing of bonds, and the down payment for projects financed by bonds;  to
   amend  chapter 868 of the laws of 1975 constituting the New York state
   financial emergency act for the city of New York,  in  relation  to  a
   pledge  and  agreement  of  the state; and to amend chapter 142 of the
   laws of 2004, amending the local finance law relating to interest rate
   exchange agreements of the city of New York  and  refunding  bonds  of
   such  city, in relation to the effectiveness thereof; and to amend the
   local finance law, in relation to bonds and notes of the city of Yonk-
   ers (Part A); to amend the education law and the vehicle  and  traffic
   law,  in  relation  to  authorizing the installation and use of safety
   cameras on school buses for the purpose of monitoring overtaking   and
   passing  of  school  bus  violations; to amend the vehicle and traffic
   law, in relation to photo speed violation monitoring systems in school
   speed zones in the city of New York; to amend chapter 43 of  the  laws
   of 2014, amending the vehicle and traffic law, the public officers law
   and  the general municipal law relating to photo speed violation moni-
   toring systems in school speed zones in  the  city  of  New  York,  in
   relation to making technical corrections thereto; to amend chapter 189
   of  the  laws  of  2013,  amending the vehicle and traffic law and the
   public officers law relating to establishing in a city  with  a  popu-
   lation  of  one  million  or more a demonstration program implementing
   speed violation monitoring systems in school speed zones by  means  of
   photo  devices, in relation to the effectiveness thereof; to amend the
   vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,  in  relation  to
   establishing in the city of Buffalo a demonstration program implement-
   ing  speed violation monitoring systems in school speed zones by means
   of photo devices; and providing for the repeal of  certain  provisions
   upon expiration thereof (Part B); to amend the public authorities law,
   in  relation  to the Nassau county interim finance authority (Part C);
   and to amend part B of chapter 57 of the laws of  2018,  amending  the
   public  health law and other laws relating to registration of licensed
   home care services agencies, in relation  to  the  moratorium  on  the
   processing and approval of applications (Part D)
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. This act enacts into law components of legislation.    Each
 component is wholly contained within a Part identified as Part A through
 D.    The  effective date for each particular provision contained within
 such Part is set forth in the last section of such Part.  Any  provision
 in  any section contained within a Part, including the effective date of
 the Part, which makes reference to a section "of this act", when used in
 connection with that particular component, shall be deemed to  mean  and
 refer  to  the  corresponding  section of the Part in which it is found.
 Section three of this act sets forth the general effective date of  this
 act.

 A. 11246                            3
 
                                  PART A
 
   Section  1.  Section  2 of chapter 88 of the laws of 2009 amending the
 tax law relating to the imposition of an occupancy tax in  the  city  of
 New  Rochelle, as amended by chapter 159 of the laws of 2015, is amended
 to read as follows:
   § 2. This act shall take effect immediately and shall  expire  and  be
 deemed repealed September 1, [2018] 2021.
   §  2. Section 2 of chapter 89 of the laws of 2009 amending the tax law
 relating to the imposition of an occupancy tax in the city  of  Rye,  as
 amended  by  chapter  204  of  the  laws  of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 2. This act shall take effect immediately and shall  expire  and  be
 deemed repealed September 1, [2018] 2021.
   §  3.  Section  2  of  chapter 62 of the laws of 2015 amending the tax
 relating to the imposition of an occupancy tax in the city  of  Yonkers,
 is amended to read as follows:
   §  2.  This  act shall take effect immediately and shall expire and be
 deemed repealed September 1, [2018] 2021.
   § 4. Section 3 of chapter 327 of the laws of 2006,  amending  the  tax
 law  relating to authorizing the county of Essex to impose an additional
 mortgage recording tax, as amended by chapter 289 of the laws  of  2015,
 is amended to read as follows:
   §  3.  This act shall take effect immediately; provided, however, that
 this act shall expire and be deemed repealed December 1, [2018] 2021.
   § 5. Section 2 of chapter 405 of the laws of 2005 amending the tax law
 relating to authorizing the county of Albany to impose a county  record-
 ing  tax  on  obligations  secured  by  a  mortgage on real property, as
 amended by chapter 132 of the laws  of  2016,  is  amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   §  2.  This  act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall
 have become a law and shall expire and be deemed repealed on  the  first
 of December, [2018] 2020.
   §  6.  Section  2 of chapter 368 of the laws of 2008, amending the tax
 law relating to authorizing the county of Warren to impose an additional
 mortgage recording tax, as amended by chapter 190 of the laws  of  2016,
 is amended to read as follows:
   §  2.  This  act shall take effect immediately and shall expire and be
 deemed repealed December 1, [2018] 2020.
   § 7. Section 2 of chapter 218 of the laws of 2009 amending the tax law
 relating to authorizing the county of Greene  to  impose  an  additional
 mortgage  recording  tax, as amended by chapter 129 of the laws of 2016,
 is amended to read as follows:
   § 2. This act shall take effect on the sixtieth  day  after  it  shall
 have  become  a  law and shall expire and be deemed repealed December 1,
 [2018] 2020.
   § 8. Section 2 of chapter 98 of the laws of 2009, amending the tax law
 relating to authorizing the county of Cattaraugus  to  impose  an  addi-
 tional  mortgage recording tax, as amended by chapter 303 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   § 2. This act shall take effect immediately and shall  expire  and  be
 deemed repealed December 1, [2018] 2021.
   § 9. Section 3 of chapter 105 of the laws of 2009 amending chapter 693
 of  the laws of 1980 enabling the county of Albany to impose and collect
 taxes on occupancy of hotel or motel rooms in Albany county relating  to
 revenues received from the collection of hotel or motel occupancy taxes,

 A. 11246                            4
 
 as  amended  by  chapter  452 of the laws of 2016, is amended to read as
 follows:
   §  3.  This  act  shall take effect upon the adoption by the county of
 Albany of a local law imposing in such county the  additional  occupancy
 tax  authorized  by  this  act  and  shall expire and be deemed repealed
 December 31, [2018] 2020; provided that Albany county shall  notify  the
 legislative  bill  drafting commission upon the occurrence of the enact-
 ment of such local law in order that  the  commission  may  maintain  an
 accurate and timely effective data base of the official text of the laws
 of  the  state of New York in furtherance of effecting the provisions of
 section 44 of the legislative law and section 70-b of the  public  offi-
 cers law.
   §  10.  Subparagraph (iv) of paragraph (a) of subdivision 3 of section
 1903 of the real property tax law, as amended by chapter 152 of the laws
 of 2017, is amended to read as follows:
   (iv) Notwithstanding any  other  provision  of  law,  in  an  approved
 assessing unit in the county of Suffolk and for current base proportions
 to  be  determined  by taxes based on such approved assessing unit's two
 thousand three - two thousand four, two thousand  four  -  two  thousand
 five  and  two  thousand  five  - two thousand six assessment rolls, the
 current base proportion of any class shall not exceed the adjusted  base
 proportion  or  adjusted  proportion,  whichever  is appropriate, of the
 immediately preceding year by more than two percent, or in the  case  of
 the  two thousand five--two thousand six, two thousand six--two thousand
 seven, two thousand seven--two thousand eight, two  thousand  eight--two
 thousand  nine, two thousand twelve--two thousand thirteen, two thousand
 thirteen--two thousand fourteen,  two  thousand  fourteen--two  thousand
 fifteen,  two  thousand  fifteen--two  thousand  sixteen,  two  thousand
 sixteen--two thousand seventeen, [and] two thousand seventeen--two thou-
 sand eighteen, AND TWO THOUSAND EIGHTEEN--TWO THOUSAND NINETEEN  assess-
 ment   rolls,  one  percent.  Where  the  computation  of  current  base
 proportions would  otherwise  produce  such  result,  the  current  base
 proportion of such class or classes shall be limited to such two percent
 or  one  percent  increase  whichever is applicable, and the legislative
 body of such approved  assessing  unit  shall  alter  the  current  base
 proportion  of  either  class  so  that  the  sum  of  the  current base
 proportions equals one.
   § 11. Subdivision 1 of section 1803-a of the real property tax law  is
 amended by adding a new paragraph (dd) to read as follows:
   (DD)  NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH (C) OF THIS SUBDIVI-
 SION TO THE CONTRARY, IN A SPECIAL ASSESSING UNIT WHICH IS  A  CITY  AND
 FOR  CURRENT BASE PROPORTIONS TO BE DETERMINED IN SUCH SPECIAL ASSESSING
 UNIT'S FISCAL YEAR TWO THOUSAND NINETEEN, THE CURRENT BASE PROPORTION OF
 ANY CLASS SHALL NOT EXCEED THE  ADJUSTED  BASE  PROPORTION  OR  ADJUSTED
 PROPORTION,  WHICHEVER IS APPROPRIATE, OF THE IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING YEAR
 BY MORE THAN ONE-HALF OF ONE PERCENT. WHERE  THE  COMPUTATION  PERFORMED
 PURSUANT  TO  PARAGRAPH  (B) OF THIS SUBDIVISION WOULD OTHERWISE PRODUCE
 SUCH RESULT, THE CURRENT BASE PROPORTION OF SUCH CLASS OR CLASSES  SHALL
 BE  LIMITED  TO  A  ONE-HALF OF ONE PERCENT INCREASE AND THE LEGISLATIVE
 BODY OF SUCH SPECIAL ASSESSING UNIT SHALL ALTER THE CURRENT BASE PROPOR-
 TION OF ANY OR ALL REMAINING CLASSES SO THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENT BASE
 PROPORTIONS EQUALS ONE.
   § 12. In the event the special assessing unit which is a city has sent
 out real property tax bills for its fiscal year  2019  before  this  act
 shall  have become a law, the city shall take such actions as are neces-
 sary, consistent with applicable state and  local  law,  to  effect  the

 A. 11246                            5
 
 provisions of section eleven of this act, including, but not limited to,
 revising  the  current  base  proportions and adjusted base proportions,
 resetting the real property tax rates and sending amended real  property
 tax  bills.  Provided,  however,  that nothing herein shall be deemed to
 affect the obligation of any taxpayer with respect to the payment of any
 installment of real property tax for such fiscal year which was due  and
 payable prior to the date such amended real property tax bills are sent;
 for  this  purpose,  such  obligations shall be determined in accordance
 with the applicable provisions of law that were  in  effect  immediately
 prior to the effective date of this act, and such  city shall be author-
 ized to determine the date on which amended bills are to be sent and the
 installments of real property tax which are to be reflected therein.
   §  13. Subdivision 1 of section 1803-a of the real property tax law is
 amended by adding a new paragraph (ee) to read as follows:
   (EE) NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH (C) OF THIS  SUBDIVI-
 SION TO THE CONTRARY, IN A SPECIAL ASSESSING UNIT THAT IS NOT A CITY AND
 FOR  CURRENT  BASE  PROPORTIONS  TO BE DETERMINED BY TAXES BASED ON SUCH
 SPECIAL ASSESSING UNIT'S TWO  THOUSAND  EIGHTEEN  ASSESSMENT  ROLL,  THE
 CURRENT  BASE PROPORTION OF ANY CLASS SHALL NOT EXCEED THE ADJUSTED BASE
 PROPORTION OR ADJUSTED PROPORTION,  WHICHEVER  IS  APPROPRIATE,  OF  THE
 IMMEDIATELY  PRECEDING YEAR BY MORE THAN ONE PERCENT. WHERE THE COMPUTA-
 TION PERFORMED PURSUANT TO  PARAGRAPH  (B)  OF  THIS  SUBDIVISION  WOULD
 OTHERWISE PRODUCE SUCH RESULT, THE CURRENT BASE PROPORTION OF SUCH CLASS
 OR  CLASSES SHALL BE LIMITED TO SUCH ONE PERCENT INCREASE AND THE LEGIS-
 LATIVE BODY OF SUCH SPECIAL ASSESSING UNIT SHALL ALTER THE CURRENT  BASE
 PROPORTION  OF  ANY  OR  ALL  REMAINING  CLASSES  SO THAT THE SUM OF THE
 CURRENT BASE PROPORTIONS EQUALS ONE.
   § 13-a. Paragraph (a) of subdivision 3 of section  1903  of  the  real
 property  tax  law is amended by adding a new subparagraph (xix) to read
 as follows:
   (XIX) NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER  PROVISION  OF  LAW,  IN  AN  APPROVED
 ASSESSING  UNIT IN THE COUNTY OF NASSAU AND FOR CURRENT BASE PROPORTIONS
 TO BE DETERMINED BY TAXES BASED ON SUCH APPROVED  ASSESSING  UNIT'S  TWO
 THOUSAND  EIGHTEEN  ROLL, THE CURRENT BASE PROPORTION OF ANY CLASS SHALL
 NOT EXCEED THE ADJUSTED BASE PROPORTION OR ADJUSTED PROPORTION, WHICHEV-
 ER IS APPROPRIATE, OF THE IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING YEAR, BY MORE  THAN  ONE
 PERCENT,  PROVIDED  THAT SUCH APPROVED ASSESSING UNIT HAS PASSED A LOCAL
 LAW, ORDINANCE OR RESOLUTION PROVIDING THEREFOR. WHERE  THE  COMPUTATION
 OF  CURRENT  BASE  PROPORTIONS  WOULD OTHERWISE PRODUCE SUCH RESULT, THE
 CURRENT BASE PROPORTION OF SUCH CLASS OR CLASSES  SHALL  BE  LIMITED  TO
 SUCH  ONE  PERCENT  INCREASE  AND  THE LEGISLATIVE BODY OF SUCH APPROVED
 ASSESSING UNIT SHALL ALTER THE CURRENT BASE PROPORTION OF  EITHER  CLASS
 SO THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENT BASE PROPORTIONS EQUALS ONE.
   § 14. Section 54.30 of the local finance law, as amended by chapter 62
 of the laws of 2017, is amended to read as follows:
   §  54.30  Costs  of  sales;  bonds  and  notes of the city of Buffalo.
 Subject to the provisions of chapter one hundred twenty-two of the  laws
 of  two  thousand three creating the Buffalo fiscal stability authority,
 to facilitate the marketing of any issue of serial bonds or notes of the
 city of Buffalo issued on or before June thirtieth, two thousand  [eigh-
 teen]  NINETEEN,  such  city  may,  notwithstanding  any  limitations on
 private sales of bonds provided by law, and subject to approval  by  the
 state  comptroller of the terms and conditions of such sale: (a) arrange
 for the underwriting of its bonds or notes at private sale through nego-
 tiated agreement, compensation for such underwriting to be  provided  by
 negotiated  fee or by sale of such bonds or notes to an underwriter at a

 A. 11246                            6
 
 price of less than the sum of par value of, and the accrued interest on,
 such obligations; or (b) arrange for the private sale of  its  bonds  or
 notes  through  negotiated  agreement, compensation for such sales to be
 provided  by  negotiated fee, if required. The cost of such underwriting
 or private placement shall be deemed a preliminary cost for purposes  of
 section 11.00 of this article.
   §  15.  The opening paragraph of paragraph (a) of section 54.10 of the
 local finance law, as amended by chapter 64 of  the  laws  of  2017,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   To facilitate the marketing of any issue of bonds or notes of the city
 of  New York issued on or before June thirtieth, two thousand [eighteen]
 NINETEEN, the mayor and comptroller of such city  may,  subject  to  the
 approval  of  the state comptroller and the limitations on private sales
 of bonds and notes, respectively, provided by law:
   § 16. The closing paragraph of paragraph a of  section  54.90  of  the
 local  finance  law,  as  amended  by chapter 64 of the laws of 2017, is
 amended to read as follows:
   Notwithstanding the foregoing, whenever in the judgment of the finance
 board of the city of New York the interest of such city would be  served
 thereby,  the  city of New York may without further approval issue bonds
 or notes, on or before July fifteenth, two thousand [eighteen] NINETEEN,
 with interest rates that vary in accordance with a formula or  procedure
 and  are  subject to a maximum rate of interest set forth or referred to
 in the bonds or notes and may provide  the  holders  thereof  with  such
 rights  to  require  the city or other persons to purchase such bonds or
 notes or renewals thereof from the proceeds of  the  resale  thereof  or
 otherwise from time to time prior to the final maturity of such bonds or
 notes as the finance board of the city of New York may determine and the
 city  may resell, at any time prior to final maturity, any such bonds or
 notes acquired as a result of the exercise  of  such  rights;  provided,
 however,  that  at no time shall the total principal amount of bonds and
 notes issued by the city of New York pursuant to this  paragraph  (other
 than  bonds  and  notes (1) bearing interest at rates and for periods of
 time that are specified without reference to future events or contingen-
 cies, or (2) described in section 136.00 of this article)  exceed  twen-
 ty-five  percent of the limit prescribed by section 104.00 of this arti-
 cle.
   § 17. The opening paragraph of subdivision 1 of paragraph d of section
 54.90 of the local finance law, as amended by chapter 64 of the laws  of
 2017, is amended to read as follows:
   On  or  before  July  fifteenth,  two thousand [eighteen] NINETEEN the
 mayor and comptroller of the city of New York may:
   § 18. The opening paragraph of paragraph a of  section  57.00  of  the
 local  finance  law,  as  amended  by chapter 64 of the laws of 2017, is
 amended to read as follows:
   Bonds shall be sold only at public sale and  in  accordance  with  the
 procedure set forth in this section and sections 58.00 and 59.00 of this
 title, except as otherwise provided in this paragraph. Bonds may be sold
 at private sale to the United States government or any agency or instru-
 mentality  thereof, the state of New York municipal bond bank agency, to
 any sinking fund or pension fund of the municipality, school district or
 district corporation selling such bonds, or, in the case of sales by the
 city of New York prior to July first, two thousand [eighteen]  NINETEEN,
 also to the municipal assistance corporation for the city of New York or
 to any other purchaser with the consent of the mayor and the comptroller
 of  such  city and approval of the state comptroller, or, in the case of

 A. 11246                            7
 
 sales by the county of Nassau prior to December thirty-first, two  thou-
 sand seven, also to the Nassau county interim finance authority with the
 approval  of the state comptroller, or, in the case of sales by the city
 of  Buffalo  prior to June thirtieth, two thousand thirty-seven, also to
 the Buffalo fiscal stability authority with the approval  of  the  state
 comptroller,  or, in the case of bonds or other obligations of a munici-
 pality issued for the construction of any sewage treatment works, sewage
 collecting system,  storm  water  collecting  system,  water  management
 facility, air pollution control facility or solid waste disposal facili-
 ty, also to the New York state environmental facilities corporation, or,
 in the case of bonds or other obligations of a school district or a city
 acting on behalf of a city school district in a city having a population
 in  excess of one hundred twenty-five thousand but less than one million
 inhabitants according to the latest federal census, issued to finance or
 refinance the cost of  school  district  capital  facilities  or  school
 district capital equipment, as defined in section sixteen hundred seven-
 ty-six of the public authorities law, also to the dormitory authority of
 the state of New York. Bonds of a river improvement or drainage district
 established  by  or  under the supervision of the department of environ-
 mental conservation may be sold at private sale to the state of New York
 as investments for any funds of the state which by law may be  invested,
 provided,  however,  that the rate of interest on any such bonds so sold
 shall be approved by the water power  and  control  commission  and  the
 state comptroller. Bonds may also be sold at private sale as provided in
 section  63.00  of  this title. No bonds shall be sold on option or on a
 deferred payment plan, except that options to purchase, effective for  a
 period not exceeding one year, may be given:
   §  19.  Subdivision  3  of  paragraph  g of section 90.00 of the local
 finance law, as amended by chapter 64 of the laws of 2017, is amended to
 read as follows:
   3. Outstanding bonds may, pursuant to a power to recall and redeem  or
 with  the  consent  of  the  holders thereof, be exchanged for refunding
 bonds (i) if the refunding bonds are to bear interest at a rate equal to
 or lower than that borne by the bonds to be refunded or (ii) if, in  the
 case  of  the  city of New York prior to July first, two thousand [eigh-
 teen] NINETEEN, the annual payment required for principal  and  interest
 on the refunding bond is less than the annual payment required for prin-
 cipal  and interest on the bond to be refunded, in each case such annual
 payments to be determined by dividing the total principal  and  interest
 payments  due over the remaining life of the bond by the number of years
 to maturity of the bond or (iii) if the bonds to be refunded were issued
 by the city of New York after June thirtieth, nineteen hundred  seventy-
 eight  and  prior  to  July  first, two thousand [eighteen] NINETEEN and
 contain covenants referring to the  existence  of  the  New  York  state
 financial  control board for the city of New York or any other covenants
 relating to matters other than  the  prompt  payment  of  principal  and
 interest  on  the  obligations  when due and the refunding bond omits or
 modifies any such covenant.
   § 20. Subdivision 8 of paragraph d of  section  107.00  of  the  local
 finance law, as amended by chapter 64 of the laws of 2017, is amended to
 read as follows:
   8.  Notwithstanding  any  other provision of law, the financing by the
 city of New York prior to July first, two thousand  [eighteen]  NINETEEN
 of  any  object  or  purpose  which  has a period of probable usefulness
 determined by law by the issuance of any bonds or notes,  including  (i)
 the issuance of bonds or notes to obtain reimbursement for funds hereto-

 A. 11246                            8
 
 fore advanced for the object or purpose for which the bonds or notes are
 being issued, (ii) the issuance of bonds or notes to redeem notes previ-
 ously  issued for the object or purpose for which the bonds or notes are
 being  issued  or (iii) the issuance of bonds to refund bonds previously
 issued for the object or purpose for which bonds are being issued.
   § 21. Subdivision 1 of section 10-a of section 2 of chapter 868 of the
 laws of 1975, constituting the New York state  financial  emergency  act
 for  the city of New York, as amended by chapter 64 of the laws of 2017,
 is amended to read as follows:
   1. In the event that after the date on which the  provisions  of  this
 act become operative, any notes or bonds are issued by the city prior to
 July  1, [2018] 2019, or any bonds are issued by a state financing agen-
 cy, the state of New York hereby authorizes the city and authorizes  and
 requires  such  state financing agency to include a pledge and agreement
 of the state of New York in any agreement made by the city or such state
 financing agency with holders or guarantors of such notes or bonds  that
 the  state  will not take any action which will (a) substantially impair
 the authority of the board during a control period, as defined in subdi-
 vision twelve of section two of this act as in effect on the  date  such
 notes  or  bonds  are  issued  (i) to approve, disapprove, or modify any
 financial plan or financial plan  modification,  including  the  revenue
 projections  (or  any  item  thereof)  contained therein, subject to the
 standards set forth in paragraphs a, c, d, e and f of subdivision one of
 section eight of this act as in effect on the date such notes  or  bonds
 are issued and paragraph b of such subdivision as in effect from time to
 time,  (ii)  to disapprove a contract of the city or a covered organiza-
 tion if the performance of such contract would be inconsistent with  the
 financial  plan or to approve or disapprove proposed short-term or long-
 term borrowing of the city or a covered organization or any agreement or
 other arrangement referred to in subdivision four of  section  seven  of
 this act, or (iii) to establish and adopt procedures with respect to the
 deposit  in  and  disbursement from the board fund of city revenues; (b)
 substantially impair the authority of  the  board  to  review  financial
 plans,  financial  plan  modifications,  contracts  of  the  city or the
 covered organizations and proposed short-term or long-term borrowings of
 the city and the covered organizations;  (c)  substantially  impair  the
 independent  maintenance  of  a  separate  fund  for the payment of debt
 service on bonds and notes of the city; (d) alter the composition of the
 board so that the majority of the voting members of the  board  are  not
 officials  of  the state of New York elected in a state-wide election or
 appointees of the governor; (e) terminate the  existence  of  the  board
 prior  to  the time to be determined in accordance with section thirteen
 of this act as in effect on the date such notes or bonds are issued; (f)
 substantially modify the requirement that the  city's  financial  state-
 ments be audited by a nationally recognized independent certified public
 accounting  firm  or consortium of firms and that a report on such audit
 be furnished to the board; or (g) alter  the  definition  of  a  control
 period set forth in subdivision twelve of section two of this act, as in
 effect  on  the  date  such  notes or bonds are issued, or substantially
 alter the authority of the board, as set forth in  said  subdivision  to
 reimpose  or  terminate  a  control  period; provided, however, that the
 foregoing pledge and agreement shall be of no further force  and  effect
 if  at any time (i) there is on deposit in a separate trust account with
 a bank, trust company or other fiduciary  sufficient  moneys  or  direct
 obligations of the United States or obligations guaranteed by the United
 States, the principal of and/or interest on which will provide moneys to

 A. 11246                            9
 
 pay  punctually when due at maturity or prior to maturity by redemption,
 in accordance with their terms, all principal of  and  interest  on  all
 outstanding  notes  and bonds of the city or such state financing agency
 containing  this  pledge and agreement and irrevocable instructions from
 the city or such state financing agency to such bank, trust  company  or
 other  fiduciary  for  such  payment of such principal and interest with
 such moneys shall have been given, or (ii) such notes and bonds, togeth-
 er with interest thereon, have been paid in full  at  maturity  or  have
 otherwise been refunded, redeemed, defeased, or discharged; and provided
 further  that  the foregoing pledge and agreement shall be of full force
 and effect upon its inclusion in any agreement made by the city or state
 financing agency with holders or guarantors of such notes or bonds.
   Upon payment for such obligations issued pursuant to this act  by  the
 original  and all subsequent holders inclusion of the foregoing covenant
 shall be deemed conclusive evidence of valuable  consideration  received
 by the state and city for such covenant and of reliance upon such pledge
 and agreement by any such holder. The state hereby grants any such bene-
 fited  holder  the right to sue the state in a court of competent juris-
 diction and enforce this covenant and agreement and waives all rights of
 defense based on sovereign immunity in such an action or suit.
   § 22. Section 5 of chapter 142 of the laws of 2004, amending the local
 finance law relating to interest rate exchange agreements of the city of
 New York and refunding bonds of such city, as amended by chapter  64  of
 the laws of 2017, is amended to read as follows:
   §  5.  This  act shall take effect immediately, provided, that section
 three of this act shall expire and be deemed repealed  July  15,  [2018]
 2019.
   § 23. Section 54.40 of the local finance law, as amended by chapter 44
 of the laws of 2017, is amended to read as follows:
   §  54.40  Bonds  and  notes  of  the  city  of Yonkers. Subject to the
 provisions of the New York state financial  emergency  act  of  nineteen
 hundred eighty-four for the city of Yonkers, to facilitate the marketing
 of  any  issue of serial bonds or notes of the city of Yonkers issued on
 or before June thirtieth, two thousand [eighteen]  NINETEEN,  such  city
 may,  notwithstanding any limitations on private sales of bonds provided
 by law, and subject to approval by the state comptroller  of  the  terms
 and  conditions  of  such  sale: (a) arrange for the underwriting of its
 bonds or notes at private sale  through  negotiated  agreement,  compen-
 sation for such underwriting to be provided by negotiated fee or by sale
 of such bonds or notes to an underwriter at a price of less than the sum
 of  par  value of, and the accrued interest on, such obligations; or (b)
 arrange for the private sale of its bonds or  notes  through  negotiated
 agreement, compensation for such sales to be provided by negotiated fee,
 if required. The cost of such underwriting or private placement shall be
 deemed a preliminary cost for purposes of section 11.00 of this article.
   §  24. This act shall take effect immediately; provided, however, that
 section thirteen of this act shall apply to the levy of taxes  based  on
 the  2018 assessment roll in a special assessing unit that is not a city
 and that section thirteen-a of this act shall apply to the levy of taxes
 based on the 2018 assessment roll in approved  assessing  units  in  the
 county of Nassau that pass a local law, ordinance or resolution to adopt
 these provisions.
 
                                  PART B

 A. 11246                           10
 
   Section  1.  Legislative  findings  and  intent. The transportation of
 school children to and from school is  an  important  component  of  the
 state's  obligation to ensure adequate support of a public school system
 for the education of all children  of  the  State.  Safely  transporting
 students  to  and from school is necessary to afford all children of the
 State an education.   School bus cameras and  speed  cameras  in  school
 zones  contribute  to  students'  safety  and reduce unnecessary dangers
 students face when travelling to school.  Furthermore,  high  population
 cities  in  New York have more students living in close proximity to the
 students' schools, so the use of photo enforcement  to  deter  motorists
 from  passing stopped school buses and speeding in school zones helps to
 ensure that students are less at risk when walking or riding to and from
 school. Therefore, the legislature finds  and  declares  that  it  is  a
 substantial  state  concern, with an impact well beyond a single munici-
 pality, to ensure safe access  to  schools  through  the  use  of  photo
 enforcement as provided in this act.
   §  2.  Section  1604  of  the education law is amended by adding a new
 subdivision 43 to read as follows:
   43. TO PASS, IN THE DISCRETION OF THE TRUSTEES, A RESOLUTION AUTHORIZ-
 ING THE USE OF SCHOOL BUS CAMERAS PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTEEN  OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE TRUSTEES MAY
 ALSO ENTER INTO CONTRACTS WITH  A  THIRD  PARTY  FOR  THE  INSTALLATION,
 ADMINISTRATION,  OPERATION,  NOTICE  PROCESSING, AND MAINTENANCE OF SUCH
 CAMERAS, AND FOR THE SHARING OF REVENUE DERIVED FROM SUCH CAMERAS PURSU-
 ANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTEEN OF THE VEHICLE AND  TRAFFIC  LAW,
 PROVIDED  THAT  THE PURCHASE, LEASE, INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTE-
 NANCE, OR ANY OTHER COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH  SUCH  CAMERAS  SHALL  NOT  BE
 CONSIDERED  AN  AIDABLE  EXPENSE  PURSUANT TO SECTION THIRTY-SIX HUNDRED
 TWENTY-THREE-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 3. Section 1709 of the education law is  amended  by  adding  a  new
 subdivision 43 to read as follows:
   43.  TO PASS A RESOLUTION, IN THE DISCRETION OF THE BOARD, AUTHORIZING
 THE USE OF SCHOOL BUS CAMERAS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGH-
 TEEN  OF  THE  VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE BOARD MAY ALSO
 ENTER INTO CONTRACTS WITH A THIRD PARTY FOR THE  INSTALLATION,  ADMINIS-
 TRATION,  OPERATION, NOTICE PROCESSING, AND MAINTENANCE OF SUCH CAMERAS,
 AND FOR THE SHARING OF REVENUE DERIVED FROM  SUCH  CAMERAS  PURSUANT  TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTEEN OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED
 THAT  THE  PURCHASE,  LEASE, INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, OR
 ANY OTHER COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH SUCH CAMERAS SHALL NOT BE CONSIDERED  AN
 AIDABLE EXPENSE PURSUANT TO SECTION THIRTY-SIX HUNDRED TWENTY-THREE-A OF
 THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4.  The  vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
 1118 to read as follows:
   § 1118. OWNER LIABILITY FOR OPERATOR ILLEGALLY OVERTAKING OR PASSING A
 SCHOOL BUS. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY  OTHER  PROVISION  OF  LAW,  EACH
 BOARD OF EDUCATION OR TRUSTEES OF A SCHOOL DISTRICT IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED
 AND  EMPOWERED TO ADOPT AND AMEND A RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING A SCHOOL BUS
 SAFETY CAMERA PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY  ON  THE  OWNER  OF  A
 VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF THIS TITLE. SUCH PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER A BOARD
 OF EDUCATION OR SCHOOL DISTRICT OR SCHOOL BUS TRANSPORTATION  CONTRACTOR
 THAT  HAS  CONTRACTED  WITH  SUCH SCHOOL DISTRICT TO  INSTALL SCHOOL BUS
 SAFETY CAMERAS UPON SCHOOL BUSES OPERATED BY  OR  CONTRACTED  WITH  SUCH
 DISTRICT.

 A. 11246                           11
 
   2. SUCH PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES TO ENSURE, TO THE
 EXTENT  PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS PRODUCED BY SUCH SCHOOL BUS SAFETY
 CAMERAS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY THE DRIVER,  THE  PASSEN-
 GERS,  OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT NO NOTICE
 OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE DISMISSED SOLELY
 BECAUSE A PHOTOGRAPH OR PHOTOGRAPHS ALLOW FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF  THE
 CONTENTS  OF  A  VEHICLE,  PROVIDED THAT SUCH SCHOOL DISTRICT HAS MADE A
 REASONABLE EFFORT TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH.
   (B) IN ANY SCHOOL DISTRICT WHICH HAS ADOPTED A RESOLUTION PURSUANT  TO
 SUBDIVISION  (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE
 FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO  THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED
 OR OPERATED WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE OWNER,  EXPRESS  OR  IMPLIED,  IN
 VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF
 THIS TITLE, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM
 A SCHOOL BUS SAFETY CAMERA; PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A  VEHICLE
 SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE
 OPERATOR  OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE.
   (C) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS  SECTION,  "OWNER"  SHALL  HAVE  THE  MEANING
 PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS CHAPTER. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION,
 "SCHOOL  BUS  SAFETY  CAMERA"  SHALL  MEAN AN AUTOMATED PHOTO MONITORING
 DEVICE AFFIXED TO THE OUTSIDE OF A SCHOOL BUS AND DESIGNATED  TO  DETECT
 AND  STORE  ONE  OR  MORE IMAGES OF MOTOR VEHICLES THAT OVERTAKE OR PASS
 SCHOOL BUSES IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE.
   (D)  NO  SCHOOL  DISTRICT OR SCHOOL BUS TRANSPORTATION CONTRACTOR THAT
 HAS INSTALLED CAMERAS PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL ACCESS  THE  IMAGES
 FROM  SUCH  CAMERAS BUT SHALL PROVIDE, PURSUANT TO AN AGREEMENT WITH THE
 APPROPRIATE LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY OR AGENCIES, FOR THE PROPER  HANDLING
 AND  CUSTODY  OF SUCH IMAGES FOR THE FORWARDING OF SUCH IMAGES FROM SUCH
 CAMERAS TO A LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY HAVING JURISDICTION IN THE  AREA  IN
 WHICH  THE  VIOLATION  OCCURRED  FOR  THE  PURPOSE  OF IMPOSING MONETARY
 LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE FOR  ILLEGALLY  OVERTAKING  OR
 PASSING  A  SCHOOL BUS IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE.  AFTER  RECEIPT  OF  SUCH  IMAGES  A
 POLICE  OFFICER  SHALL  INSPECT  SUCH  IMAGES  TO  DETERMINE  WHETHER  A
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF
 THIS TITLE WAS COMMITTED. UPON SUCH A FINDING A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR
 AFFIRMED  BY  AN  OFFICER  OF SUCH AGENCY, OR A FACSIMILE THEREOF, BASED
 UPON INSPECTION  OF  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS  OR  OTHER  RECORDED
 IMAGES  PRODUCED  BY  A  SCHOOL  BUS SAFETY CAMERA, SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE
 EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN.  ANY  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES EVIDENCING SUCH A VIOLATION SHALL BE
 AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION IN ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY
 FOR SUCH VIOLATION.
   (E)  AN OWNER FOUND LIABLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  TITLE
 SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A MONETARY PENALTY OF TWO HUNDRED FIFTY DOLLARS.
   (E-1)  PAYMENT  OF  THE MONETARY PENALTY IMPOSED BY SUBDIVISION (E) OF
 THIS SECTION SHALL BE PAYABLE TO THE MUNICIPALITY  WHERE  THE  VIOLATION
 OCCURRED,  PROVIDED  HOWEVER, THE SCHOOL DISTRICT SHALL BE ENTITLED TO A
 PORTION OF THE MONETARY PENALTY THAT  EQUALS  THE  COST  TO  THE  SCHOOL
 DISTRICT OF PURCHASING AND MAINTAINING THE CAMERAS. NOTHING HEREIN SHALL
 PREVENT  THE MUNICIPALITY FROM ENTERING INTO A MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND-
 ING WITH THE SCHOOL DISTRICT TO RETURN AN  ADDITIONAL  PORTION  OF  SUCH
 PENALTY RECEIVED TO THE SCHOOL DISTRICT.

 A. 11246                           12
 
   (F)  AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED
 A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR AND SHALL NOT BE MADE PART OF THE  OPERATING
 RECORD OF THE PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT BE
 USED  FOR INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE
 COVERAGE.
   (G)  1.  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  SHALL BE SENT BY THE RESPECTIVE LAW
 ENFORCEMENT AGENCY BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO  EACH  PERSON  ALLEGED  TO  BE
 LIABLE  AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE PURSUANT TO  THIS  SECTION.  PERSONAL
 DELIVERY  ON  THE  OWNER  SHALL  NOT  BE REQUIRED. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC
 RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS  SHALL  BE
 PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN.
   2.  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (A)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE PURSUANT TO
 THIS SECTION, THE REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VEHICLE  INVOLVED  IN  SUCH
 VIOLATION,  THE  LOCATION  WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK PLACE, THE DATE AND
 TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION AND THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE CAMERA WHICH
 RECORDED THE VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR NUMBER.
   3. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY  SHALL  CONTAIN  INFORMATION  ADVISING  THE
 PERSON  CHARGED  OF  THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE MAY CONTEST THE
 LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  SHALL  ALSO
 CONTAIN  A WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSONS CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO CONTEST
 IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF  LIABIL-
 ITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGEMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE RESPEC-
 TIVE  LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY HAVING JURISDICTION OVER THE LOCATION WHERE
 THE VIOLATION OCCURRED.
   (H) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS  SECTION
 SHALL  BE BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION
 THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY OF THE GENERAL MUNICIPAL LAW OR, IF THERE BE NONE,
 BY THE COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OVER TRAFFIC INFRACTIONS,  EXCEPT  THAT
 ANY  CITY WHICH HAS ESTABLISHED OR DESIGNATED AN ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
 TO HEAR AND DETERMINE OWNER LIABILITY ESTABLISHED BY  THIS  ARTICLE  FOR
 FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH TRAFFIC-CONTROL INDICATIONS SHALL USE SUCH TRIBU-
 NAL TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY IMPOSED BY THIS SECTION.
   (I)  IF  AN  OWNER  RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE WAS REPORTED  TO  A
 POLICE  DEPARTMENT AS HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO
 AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION  THAT
 THE  VEHICLE HAD BEEN REPORTED TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME
 THE VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD NOT BEEN  RECOVERED  BY  SUCH  TIME.  FOR
 PURPOSES  OF ASSERTING THE DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION IT SHALL
 BE SUFFICIENT THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON  THE  STOLEN
 VEHICLE  BE  SENT  BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU,
 COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OR PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (J) WHERE THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON  OWNERS  PURSUANT
 TO  THIS  SECTION  IS  BY AN ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL, TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS
 BUREAU, OR A COURT HAVING JURISDICTION, AN OWNER WHO IS A  LESSOR  OF  A
 VEHICLE  TO  WHICH A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVI-
 SION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
 VISION (A)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  TITLE,
 PROVIDED  THAT  HE  OR SHE SENDS TO THE ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL, TRAFFIC
 VIOLATIONS BUREAU, OR COURT HAVING JURISDICTION A COPY  OF  THE  RENTAL,
 LEASE  OR OTHER SUCH CONTRACT DOCUMENT COVERING SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE

 A. 11246                           13
 
 OF THE VIOLATION, WITH THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE CLEARLY  LEGI-
 BLE,  WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OR
 COURT OF THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER  WITH  THE  OTHER
 INFORMATION  CONTAINED  IN  THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY. FAILURE TO
 SEND SUCH INFORMATION WITHIN SUCH THIRTY-SEVEN  DAY  TIME  PERIOD  SHALL
 RENDER  THE  OWNER  LIABLE  FOR  THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED BY THIS SECTION.
 WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS  OF  THIS  PARAGRAPH,  THE
 LESSEE  OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO
 BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES  OF  THIS  SECTION,  SHALL  BE
 SUBJECT  TO  LIABILITY  FOR  THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE PURSUANT TO THIS  SECTION  AND
 SHALL  BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS
 SECTION.
   (K) 1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  TITLE PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION WAS NOT  THE  OPERATOR  OF  THE  VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE
 VIOLATION,  THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST
 THE OPERATOR.
   2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF  A
 VEHICLE  SHALL  BE  SUBJECT  TO A MONETARY FINE IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
 OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR WAS FOUND TO HAVE
 BEEN OVERTAKING OR PASSING A SCHOOL BUS. FOR PURPOSES OF  THIS  SUBDIVI-
 SION  THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS
 OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT  THE  TIME  SUCH
 OPERATOR WAS FOUND TO HAVE BEEN OVERTAKING OR PASSING A SCHOOL BUS.
   (L)  NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY
 OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE.
   (M)  IN  ANY  SCHOOL  DISTRICT WHICH ADOPTS A SCHOOL BUS SAFETY CAMERA
 PROGRAM PURSUANT  TO  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF  THIS  SECTION,  SUCH  SCHOOL
 DISTRICT  SHALL SUBMIT AN ANNUAL REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF ITS
 SCHOOL BUS SAFETY CAMERAS TO THE GOVERNOR, THE  TEMPORARY  PRESIDENT  OF
 THE  SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY ON OR BEFORE JUNE FIRST, TWO
 THOUSAND NINETEEN AND ON THE SAME DATE IN EACH SUCCEEDING YEAR IN  WHICH
 THE  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  IS OPERABLE. SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE, BUT
 NOT BE LIMITED TO:
   1. A DESCRIPTION OF THE NUMBER OF BUSES AND ROUTES  WHERE  SCHOOL  BUS
 SAFETY CAMERAS WERE USED;
   2.  THE AGGREGATE NUMBER OF ANNUAL INCIDENTS OF VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI-
 SION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE WITHIN THE
 DISTRICTS;
   3. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SCHOOL BUS SAFETY  CAMERAS  IN
 THE AGGREGATE AND ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   4.  THE  TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   5. THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT  OF  FINES  PAID  AFTER  FIRST
 NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   6.  THE  NUMBER  OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND RESULTS OF SUCH ADJUDI-
 CATIONS  INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS  OF  DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR   VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   7.  THE  TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY SUCH SCHOOL DISTRICT FROM
 SUCH ADJUDICATIONS;
   8. EXPENSES INCURRED BY SUCH SCHOOL DISTRICT IN  CONNECTION  WITH  THE
 PROGRAM; AND
   9. QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS.

 A. 11246                           14
 
   (N) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
 VISION  (A)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE THAT
 SUCH SCHOOL BUS SAFETY CAMERAS WERE MALFUNCTIONING AT THE  TIME  OF  THE
 ALLEGED VIOLATION.
   §  5.  Paragraph 1 of subdivision (a) of section 1180-b of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by chapter  43  of  the  laws  of  2014,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the city of New York is
 hereby authorized to establish a demonstration program imposing monetary
 liability  on  the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
 to comply with posted maximum speed limits in a school speed zone within
 [the] SUCH city (i) when a school speed limit is in effect  as  provided
 in  paragraphs  one and two of subdivision (c) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this article or (ii) when other speed limits are in effect  as
 provided  in  subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this article during the following times: (A)  on  school  days
 during  school  hours  and one hour before and one hour after the school
 day, and (B) a period during student activities at the school and up  to
 thirty  minutes  immediately before and up to thirty minutes immediately
 after such student activities. Such demonstration program shall  empower
 the city OF NEW YORK to install photo speed violation monitoring systems
 within  no more than [one hundred forty] TWO HUNDRED NINETY school speed
 zones within [the] SUCH city at any one time and to operate such systems
 within such zones (iii) when a  school  speed  limit  is  in  effect  as
 provided  in paragraphs one and two of subdivision (c) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this article or (iv) when other speed  limits  are  in
 effect as provided in subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this article during the following times: (A) on school
 days  during  school  hours  and  one hour before and one hour after the
 school day, and (B) a period during student activities at the school and
 up to thirty minutes immediately before and up to thirty  minutes  imme-
 diately after such student activities.  In selecting a school speed zone
 in  which  to  install  and  operate  a photo speed violation monitoring
 system, the city OF NEW YORK shall consider criteria including, but  not
 limited  to,  the  speed  data,  crash history, and the roadway geometry
 applicable to such school speed zone. SUCH  CITY  SHALL  PRIORITIZE  THE
 PLACEMENT  OF  PHOTO  SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS IN SCHOOL SPEED
 ZONES BASED UPON SPEED DATA OR THE CRASH HISTORY OF A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE.
 A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM  SHALL  NOT  BE  INSTALLED  OR
 OPERATED  ON  A  CONTROLLED-ACCESS  HIGHWAY  EXIT  RAMP  OR WITHIN THREE
 HUNDRED FEET ALONG A HIGHWAY THAT CONTINUES FROM  THE  END  OF  A  CONT-
 ROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAY EXIT RAMP.
   §  6.  Paragraph 2 of subdivision (a) of section 1180-b of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as added by chapter 189 of the laws of 2013, is amended
 to read as follows:
   2. No photo speed violation monitoring  system  shall  be  used  in  a
 school speed zone unless (i) on the day it is to be used it has success-
 fully  passed a self-test of its functions; and (ii) it has undergone an
 annual calibration check performed pursuant to paragraph  four  of  this
 subdivision.  The  city  [may]  SHALL install signs giving notice that a
 photo speed violation monitoring system is  in  use  to  be  mounted  on
 advance  warning  signs notifying APPROACHING motor vehicle operators of
 such upcoming school speed zone and/or on speed limit  signs  applicable
 within such school speed zone, in conformance with standards established
 in  the  MUTCD.  SUCH  ADVANCE  WARNING  SIGNS SHALL ALSO, TO THE EXTENT
 AUTHORIZED BY THE MUTCD, CONTAIN THE WORDS "SPEED CAMERA AHEAD"  AND  BE

 A. 11246                           15
 
 NO MORE THAN THREE HUNDRED FEET FROM SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITOR-
 ING SYSTEM.
   §  7.  Paragraph 4 of subdivision (c) of section 1180-b of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as added by chapter 189 of the laws of 2013, is amended
 to read as follows:
   4. "school speed zone" shall mean a RADIAL distance not to exceed  one
 thousand  three hundred twenty feet [on a highway passing] FROM a school
 building, entrance, or exit [of a school abutting on the highway].
   § 8. Subdivision (n) of section 1180-b of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as added by chapter 189 of the laws of  2013,  is  amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   (n) If the city adopts a demonstration program pursuant to subdivision
 [one]  (A)  of  this  section it shall conduct a study and submit [a] AN
 ANNUAL report on the results of the use of photo devices to  the  gover-
 nor, the temporary president of the senate and the speaker of the assem-
 bly  ON OR BEFORE JUNE FIRST, TWO THOUSAND NINETEEN AND ON THE SAME DATE
 IN EACH SUCCEEDING YEAR IN WHICH THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IS  OPERABLE.
 Such report shall include:
   1. the locations where and dates when photo speed violation monitoring
 systems were used;
   2.  the  aggregate  number,  type and severity of crashes, fatalities,
 injuries and property damage reported  within  all  school  speed  zones
 within  the  city,  to  the  extent the information is maintained by the
 department of motor vehicles of this state;
   3. the aggregate number, type and  severity  of  crashes,  fatalities,
 injuries  and  property  damage reported within school speed zones where
 photo speed violation monitoring systems were used, to  the  extent  the
 information  is  maintained  by the department of motor vehicles of this
 state;
   4. the number of violations recorded within  all  school  speed  zones
 within the city, in the aggregate on a daily, weekly and monthly basis;
   5.  the  number  of  violations recorded within each school speed zone
 where a photo speed violation monitoring system is used, in  the  aggre-
 gate on a daily, weekly and monthly basis;
   6.  the  number  of  violations recorded within all school speed zones
 within the city that were:
   (i) more than ten but not more than twenty miles  per  hour  over  the
 posted speed limit;
   (ii) more than twenty but not more than thirty miles per hour over the
 posted speed limit;
   (iii) more than thirty but not more than forty miles per hour over the
 posted speed limit; and
   (iv) more than forty miles per hour over the posted speed limit;
   7.  the  number  of  violations recorded within each school speed zone
 where a photo speed violation monitoring system is used that were:
   (i) more than ten but not more than twenty miles  per  hour  over  the
 posted speed limit;
   (ii) more than twenty but not more than thirty miles per hour over the
 posted speed limit;
   (iii) more than thirty but not more than forty miles per hour over the
 posted speed limit; and
   (iv) more than forty miles per hour over the posted speed limit;
   8.  the  total  number  of  notices of liability issued for violations
 recorded by such systems;
   9. the number of fines and total amount of fines paid after the  first
 notice of liability issued for violations recorded by such systems;

 A. 11246                           16

   10. the number of violations adjudicated and the results of such adju-
 dications  including  breakdowns  of  dispositions  made  for violations
 recorded by such systems;
   11.  the  total  amount  of revenue realized by the city in connection
 with the program;
   12. the expenses incurred by the city in connection with the  program;
 [and]
   13. the quality of the adjudication process and its results; AND
   14.  THE EFFECTIVENESS AND ADEQUACY OF THE HOURS OF OPERATION FOR SUCH
 PROGRAM TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT ON SPEEDING VIOLATIONS AND PREVENTION OF
 CRASHES.
   § 9. The opening paragraph of section 12 of chapter 43 of the laws  of
 2014,  amending the vehicle and traffic law, the public officers law and
 the general municipal law relating to photo speed  violation  monitoring
 systems  in  school  speed  zones in the city of New York, is amended to
 read as follows:
   This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after  it  shall  have
 become  a  law [and]; PROVIDED THAT SECTIONS ONE THROUGH TEN OF THIS ACT
 shall expire 4 years after such effective date when upon such  date  the
 provisions  of  SUCH  SECTIONS OF this act shall be deemed repealed; and
 provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation of this
 act on its effective date shall be promulgated on or before such  effec-
 tive date, provided that:
   §  10.  The opening paragraph of section 15 of chapter 189 of the laws
 of 2013, amending the vehicle and traffic law and  the  public  officers
 law  relating to establishing in a city with a population of one million
 or more a demonstration program implementing speed violation  monitoring
 systems  in  school speed zones by means of photo devices, is amended to
 read as follows:
   This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after  it  shall  have
 become  a  law  and shall expire [5 years after such effective date when
 upon such date the provisions of this act shall] AND be deemed  repealed
 JULY  1,  2022;  and  provided  further that any rules necessary for the
 implementation of this act on its effective date shall be promulgated on
 or before such effective date, provided that:
   § 11. Photo speed violation monitoring systems within  the  additional
 150  school speed zones authorized for the city of New York by paragraph
 1 of subdivision (a) of section 1180-b of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  amended  by  section  one  of  this  act,  shall be authorized to be
 installed over the 3 year period following the effective  date  of  this
 act as follows:
   (a) in no more than 50 school speed zones during the first such year;
   (b) in no more than 50 additional school speed zones during the second
 such year; and
   (c)  in no more than 50 additional school speed zones during the third
 such year.
   § 12. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law,  as
 amended  by  section 1 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general,  special
 or  local  law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which
 heretofore or hereafter is authorized  to  establish  an  administrative
 tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti-
 tuting  parking,  standing  or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred

 A. 11246                           17
 
 eleven-a  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
 chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two  of  the  laws  of  two  thousand  nine, or to adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  or  to  adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
 of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane
 restrictions as defined in subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of such
 section, or to adjudicate the liability  of  owners  for  violations  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY
 OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS  CHAP-
 TER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER,
 such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall  be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  12-a.  Section  235  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
 section 1-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this  chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine,  or  to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and  in  accord-
 ance  with  the  provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty,  or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for  violations  of  bus
 lane  restrictions  as  defined  in  such  section, or to adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or
 (g)  of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE

 A. 11246                           18

 LIABILITY  OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR
 (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the
 rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 12-b. Section 235 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1-b  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance with
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
 sixteen  of  chapters  twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of
 two thousand  nine,  or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations  of  subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
 sion (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate
 the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as
 defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand
 nine hundred eighty-five of the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of  the  laws  of  nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of
 owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
 ter  for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section,
 or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
 OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER,
 such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall  be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  12-c.  Section  235  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
 section 1-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and  in  accord-
 ance  with  the  provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen

 A. 11246                           19
 
 hundred  fifty,  or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for  violations  of  bus
 lane  restrictions  as  defined  in  such  section, or to adjudicate the
 liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE
 LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR
 (G)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal  and  the
 rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 12-d. Section 235 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1-d  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord-
 ance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners  for  violations  of
 subdivisions  (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,
 OR  TO  ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,
 such  tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 12-e. Section 235 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1-e  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord-
 ance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS  FOR  VIOLATIONS

 A. 11246                           20
 
 OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  such  tribunal  and  the  rules and regulations
 pertaining  thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with
 the following sections.
   § 12-f. Section 235 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1-f  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of toll collection regulations  as  defined  in
 and  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of section two thousand nine
 hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law   and   sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF
 OWNERS  FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and
 regulations pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in  substantial
 conformance with the following sections.
   §  12-g.  Section  235  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as separately
 amended by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972 and chapter 379 of  the  laws
 of 1992, is amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners for violations of toll collection
 regulations as defined in and  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO ADJU-
 DICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),
 (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  such
 tribunal  and  the  rules  and  regulations  pertaining thereto shall be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 13. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law,  as
 amended  by  section 2 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision  (a)  of  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of  section  eleven

 A. 11246                           21
 
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  shall adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter  in  accordance  with  such  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a,  sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen
 of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two  thou-
 sand  nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred
 eleven-e and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of
 toll  collection  regulations  as  defined in and in accordance with the
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty  and  shall  adjudicate  liability  of  owners  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for  violations  of  bus
 lane  restrictions  as  defined in such section and shall adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or
 (g)  of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE
 LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR
 (G)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. Such  tribunal,  except
 in  a  city  with  a  population of one million or more, shall also have
 jurisdiction of abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes  of  this
 article,  a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regu-
 lation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing  of
 a  vehicle.  In  addition  for  purposes of this article, "commissioner"
 shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of  the  city  or  an
 official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   §  13-a.  Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 2-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended
 to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivisions  (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with such sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of  chapters  twenty,  twenty-one,
 and  twenty-two  of  the  laws  of  two  thousand nine or section eleven
 hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred eleven-e; and  shall  adjudi-
 cate  liability  of  owners  in  accordance  with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter for violations  of  bus  lane  restrictions  as
 defined  in  such  section  and shall adjudicate liability of owners for
 violations of subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred  eighty
 of  this  chapter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
 this chapter AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER.   For the  purposes  of  this  article,  a  parking
 violation  is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for
 or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle.  In  addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include

 A. 11246                           22
 
 the  commissioner  of  traffic  of  the  city  or an official possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   §  13-b.  Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 2-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended
 to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d or subdivision (a) of
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  shall adjudicate
 liability of owners in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c
 of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in
 such  section;  and  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners   for
 violations  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter; AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS
 FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEV-
 EN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.  For the purposes of this  article,  a
 parking  violation  is  the  violation  of  any  law, rule or regulation
 providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehi-
 cle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean
 and include the commissioner of traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official
 possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   §  13-c.  Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 2-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended
 to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to  subdivision  (a)
 of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction
 of  traffic  infractions  which constitute a parking violation and shall
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision  (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter AND
 SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
 For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is  the  violation
 of  any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking,
 stopping or standing of a vehicle. In  addition  for  purposes  of  this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic  of  the  city or an official possessing authority as such a commis-
 sioner.
   § 13-d. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as amended by section 2-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended
 to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and,  where  authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a)
 of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction
 of traffic infractions which constitute a parking  violation  AND  SHALL
 ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B),

 A. 11246                           23
 
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER.    For
 the  purposes  of  this article, a parking violation is the violation of
 any  law,  rule  or  regulation providing for or regulating the parking,
 stopping or standing of a vehicle. In  addition  for  purposes  of  this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic  of  the  city or an official possessing authority as such a commis-
 sioner.
   § 13-e. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as amended by section 2-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended
 to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction
 of  traffic  infractions  which constitute a parking violation AND SHALL
 ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. For the
 purposes  of  this  article, a parking violation is the violation of any
 law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,  stop-
 ping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article,
 "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the
 city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   §  13-f.  Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as added by chapter 715 of the laws of  1972,  is  amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
 parking violation AND SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR
 VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.  For the purposes of this article,  a  parking
 violation  is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for
 or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle.  In  addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the  commissioner  of  traffic  of  the  city  or an official possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   § 14. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by  adding
 a new subdivision 16 to read as follows:
   16.  TO  ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI-
 SION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF  THIS
 CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAP-
 TER.
   §  15.  Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision  nine  of  section two hundred thirty-seven of this article,
 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
 to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred  eleven-a  of  this
 chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by
 sections  sixteen  of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the
 laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred  eleven-d  of  this
 chapter,  or  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, and shall

 A. 11246                           24
 
 not be deemed to include  a  notice  of  liability  issued  pursuant  to
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not
 be  deemed  to  include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter  and  shall  not  be  deemed  to
 include  a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS
 CHAPTER.
   § 15-a. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4-a of chapter 222  of  the  laws  of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article but
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization  set  forth  in  sections  eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this  chapter  or  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability  issued
 pursuant  to  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall
 not be deemed to include  a  notice  of  liability  issued  pursuant  to
 section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED
 TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 15-b. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-b of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
 forth  in  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter and shall not
 be deemed to include a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  and shall not be deemed to
 include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred
 eighty-b  of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER.
   § 15-c. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-c of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
 forth  in  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter and shall not
 be deemed to include a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO
 INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.

 A. 11246                           25
 
   § 15-d. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-d of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter  or  to  a  notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set
 forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter AND  SHALL  NOT
 BE  DEEMED  TO  INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 15-e. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4-e of chapter 222  of  the  laws  of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter  AND  SHALL  NOT  BE  DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED
 PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 15-f. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as added by chapter 180 of the laws of 1980, is amended  to
 read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article AND
 SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT  TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 16. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic
 law,  as  amended  by  section 5 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters  a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of  this  chapter  or
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of  the  laws  of
 two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter, for a violation of
 subdivision (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with  the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b   and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance  with  the
 provisions  of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section  contests
 such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the
 provisions  of  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (C),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the  date
 on  which  he  or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The
 form and content of such notice of hearing shall be  prescribed  by  the

 A. 11246                           26
 
 director,  and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading
 or contesting that failure to appear on the date designated, or  on  any
 subsequent  adjourned  date,  shall be deemed an admission of liability,
 and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of  this  chapter  or
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of  the  laws  of
 two  thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  an  allegation  of
 liability  in  accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion
 and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has  not  yet  been
 held,  the  bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that
 person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 16-a. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as amended by section 5-a of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in  accordance  with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred  eleven-d  of
 this  chapter  or  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter,  or  a  person  alleged  to  be  liable  in accordance with the
 provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section contests
 such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the
 provisions of section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  for
 violations  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter contests such  allegation,  OR  A  PERSON
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date
 on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at  a  hearing.  The
 form  and  content  of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the
 director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person  so  pleading
 or  contesting  that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any
 subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an  admission  of  liability,
 and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws  of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with  section  eleven

 A. 11246                           27
 
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or  an  allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  or  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b  of  this  chapter  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a
 person in a timely fashion and  a  hearing  upon  the  merits  has  been
 demanded,  but  has  not  yet  been held, the bureau shall not issue any
 notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the  hear-
 ing.
   § 16-b. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic  law,  as amended by section 5-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters  a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  the  provisions  of section eleven hundred eleven-c of
 this chapter for a violation of a bus lane  restriction  as  defined  in
 such section, contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable
 in  accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of
 this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g)  of
 section  eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation,
 OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY
 OF  THIS  CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such
 person personally by such form of first class mail as the  director  may
 direct  of  the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge
 at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of  hearing  shall  be
 prescribed  by  the  director, and shall contain a warning to advise the
 person so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or  on
 any  subsequent  adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liabil-
 ity, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  or  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b  of  this  chapter  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a
 person in a timely fashion and  a  hearing  upon  the  merits  has  been
 demanded,  but  has  not  yet  been held, the bureau shall not issue any
 notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the  hear-
 ing.
   § 16-c. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic  law,  as amended by section 5-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or a
 person alleged to be liable in accordance with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
 for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev-
 en hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A  PERSON

 A. 11246                           28
 
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date
 on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at  a  hearing.  The
 form  and  content  of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the
 director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person  so  pleading
 that  failure  to  appear  on  the date designated, or on any subsequent
 adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability,  and  that  a
 default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter,  or
 the  bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or the bureau
 has been notified that an allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hear-
 ing  upon  the  merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the
 bureau shall not issue any notice of fine  or  penalty  to  that  person
 prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 16-d. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic  law,  as amended by section 5-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such alle-
 gation,  OR  A  PERSON  ALLEGED  TO  BE  LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE WITH THE
 PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A
 VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  CONTESTS  SUCH  ALLEGATION,  the  bureau
 shall  advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as
 the director may direct of the date on which he or she  must  appear  to
 answer  the  charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of
 hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning
 to advise the person so pleading that failure  to  appear  on  the  date
 designated,  or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, is
 being contested, or the bureau has been notified that an  allegation  of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person  in  a
 timely  fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has
 not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue  any  notice  of  fine  or
 penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 16-e. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic  law,  as amended by section 5-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 are amended to read as follows:

 A. 11246                           29

   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH  THE  PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER
 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the
 bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of  first  class
 mail  as  the  director  may  direct of the date on which he or she must
 appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content  of  such
 notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain
 a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the
 date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter,  OR
 AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person  in  a  timely
 fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet
 been  held,  the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to
 that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 16-f. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, subdivision 1 as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972,  and
 subdivision 1-a as added by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
 to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE  LIABLE
 IN  ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF
 THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH  ALLEGATION,
 the  bureau  shall  advise  such person personally by such form of first
 class mail as the director may direct of  the  date  on  which  he  must
 appear  to  answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such
 notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain
 a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the
 date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER IS
 BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon  the
 merits  has  been  demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall
 not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
 of the hearing.
   § 17. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the  vehi-
 cle  and traffic law, as amended by section 6 of chapter 222 of the laws
 of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in

 A. 11246                           30
 
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an
 allegation of liability in accordance with  section  two  thousand  nine
 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this  chapter,  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a  hearing
 examiner  in  accordance  with  rules and regulations promulgated by the
 bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter  is
 contested  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter is contested or of a hearing at which  liability  in  accordance
 with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author-
 ities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter
 seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred  fifty  is
 contested  or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or OF a hearing at which liabil-
 ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter
 OR  OF  A  HEARING  AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may  be
 used for the making of the record.
   §  17-a.  Paragraphs  a  and  g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-a of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  an
 allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS
 CHAPTER, shall be held before a  hearing  examiner  in  accordance  with
 rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of  a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter or OF a hearing at which liability  in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR OF A HEAR-
 ING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-D  OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the
 making of the record.

 A. 11246                           31
 
   § 17-b. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2  of  section  240  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-b of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this
 chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  OR  AN  ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER shall be
 held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and  regulations
 promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability  in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or of a hear-
 ing at  which  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this chapter or OF a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR OF A  HEAR-
 ING  AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested.  Recording devices may be used for the
 making of the record.
   § 17-c. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2  of  section  240  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-c of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this
 chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner
 in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability  in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or OF a hear-
 ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-b  of  this  chapter  OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  is  contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   §  17-d.  Paragraphs  a  and  g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-d of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules
 and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter is contested or a hearing at which liability in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR A

 A. 11246                           32
 
 HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for
 the making of the record.
   §  17-e.  Paragraphs  a  and  g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-e of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  shall  be  held
 before  a  hearing  examiner  in  accordance  with rules and regulations
 promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not  guilty  or  a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS CHAPTER is contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 17-f. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2  of  section  240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972,
 are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  shall  be held before a hearing examiner in
 accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not  guilty  OR  A
 HEARING  AT  WHICH  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.  Recording devices may be used for the  making
 of the record.
   §  18.  Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7 of chapter 222 of the  laws  of  2015,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two  of  the  laws  of  two  thousand  nine or in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or  in  accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or the record of liabil-
 ities  incurred  in  accordance  with  section two thousand nine hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty of the person charged, or the  record  of
 liabilities  incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c
 of this chapter, or the record of  liabilities  incurred  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR IN THE RECORD
 OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF  THE  PERSON  CHARGED,  as  applicable  prior  to
 rendering  a  final  determination.  Final  determinations sustaining or
 dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll  main-
 tained  by  the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpay-
 ment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance

 A. 11246                           33
 
 with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two  of  the
 laws  of  two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of  the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter  seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the  laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to  contest  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b  of  this  chapter OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails
 to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned  date  or
 fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
 examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
 bureau,  such  failure  to  plead  or contest, appear or comply shall be
 deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds
 for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount  provided  by
 the  rules  and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration
 of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default
 judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to  the
 applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form
 of  first  class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation
 charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a
 of this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven  hundred  eleven-b
 of  this  chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twen-
 ty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged or liabil-
 ity in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of
 the   public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty  alleged  or  liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)
 of  the  impending  default  judgment,  (3)  that  such judgment will be
 entered in the Civil Court of the city in  which  the  bureau  has  been
 established,  or  other  court  of civil jurisdiction or any other place
 provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New  York,
 and  (4)  that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting
 an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter or
 contesting an allegation of liability in  accordance  with  section  two
 thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law or
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen hundred fifty or contesting an
 allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or contesting an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  OR

 A. 11246                           34
 
 CONTESTING  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making  an  appear-
 ance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and
 allegations  contested  within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
 prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who
 are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall  a  default
 judgment  be  rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
 judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time
 prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  or  contesting an allegation. When a
 person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be  imposed  for
 any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
 shall  make  a  determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she
 shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
 was originally charged.
   § 18-a. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7-a of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two of the laws of  two  thousand  nine  or  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the  person  charged,
 or  the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities  incurred
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR
 THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable
 prior to rendering a final determination.  Final determinations sustain-
 ing or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll
 maintained by the bureau  together  with  records  showing  payment  and
 nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two  of  the
 laws  of  two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or
 fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated
 hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after  a  hearing  to
 comply  with  the  determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
 this article or by rule or regulation of the  bureau,  such  failure  to
 plead,  contest,  appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and  regulations  of
 the   bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original  date

 A. 11246                           35
 
 prescribed for entering a plea and before  a  default  judgment  may  be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class  mail  as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged,
 or liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter, as added by sections sixteen of  chapters  twenty,  twenty-one,
 and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in  accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or liability in accord-
 ance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability
 in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter
 alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D
 OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that
 such  judgment  will  be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which
 the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or
 any other place provided for the entry of  civil  judgments  within  the
 state  of  New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a
 plea or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of  the  laws  of
 two  thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
 this chapter, or contesting an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropri-
 ate, or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending  of  such
 notice. Pleas entered and allegations contested within that period shall
 be  in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional
 penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall  not  be
 required  prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of opera-
 tors or owners who are non-residents of the state of  New  York.  In  no
 case  shall  a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice
 of impending default judgment be sent, more than  two  years  after  the
 expiration  of  the time prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an
 allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing,  no  fine  or  penalty
 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
 ing  them,  he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those
 upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 18-b. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7-b of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that  the  charges  have been sustained he or she may examine the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  of  the
 person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the person charged,
 or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,  OR
 THE  RECORD  OF  LIABILITIES  INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED,  as  applicable,

 A. 11246                           36
 
 prior  to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustain-
 ing or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll
 maintained by the bureau  together  with  records  showing  payment  and
 nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter, or contest an
 allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or
 fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated
 hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after  a  hearing  to
 comply  with  the  determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
 this article or by rule or regulation of the  bureau,  such  failure  to
 plead,  appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission
 of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering  a  default
 judgment  in  an  amount  provided  by  the rules and regulations of the
 bureau. However, after the expiration of the  original  date  prescribed
 for  entering  a  plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in
 such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of  law
 notify  such  operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the
 commission may direct; (1) of the violation  charged,  or  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, or
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this
 chapter,  or alleged liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter or alleged liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR ALLEGED LIABILITY IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER,  (2)  of  the
 impending  default  judgment,  (3) that such judgment will be entered in
 the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or
 other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place  provided  for  the
 entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  or  contesting  an  allegation  of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c  of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGA-
 TION  OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF
 THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of  the  sending
 of  such notice. Pleas entered within that period shall be in the manner
 prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who
 are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall  a  default
 judgment  be  rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
 judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time
 prescribed  for  entering a plea.  When a person has demanded a hearing,
 no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding
 of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make  a  determination  on
 the  charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty
 or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged.

 A. 11246                           37
 
   § 18-c. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7-c of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this
 chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the
 person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  OR THE RECORD OF
 LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D
 OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering
 a  final  determination.  Final  determinations sustaining or dismissing
 charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the
 bureau together with records showing payment and  nonpayment  of  penal-
 ties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an alle-
 gation  of  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability  incurred
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR
 FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a
 designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or  fails  after  a
 hearing  to  comply  with  the  determination  of a hearing examiner, as
 prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau,  such
 failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
 the  bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original   date
 prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and before a default judgment may be
 rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
 provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of this chapter or liability in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 eighty-b  of  this  chapter  alleged,  OR  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)  of  the
 impending  default  judgment,  (3) that such judgment will be entered in
 the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or
 other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place  provided  for  the
 entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  or  contesting  an  allegation  of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance
 within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas  entered  within
 that  period  shall  be  in  the manner prescribed in the notice and not
 subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of  impending  default

 A. 11246                           38
 
 judgment  shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof
 in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of
 New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be  rendered  or,  where
 required,  a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two
 years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering  a  plea.
 When  a  person  has  demanded  a  hearing,  no fine or penalty shall be
 imposed for any reason, prior to the holding  of  the  hearing.  If  the
 hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining
 them, he shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those  upon  which
 the person was originally charged.
   § 18-d. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law,  as  amended by section 7-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine  either
 the  prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of liabilities
 incurred in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  of  the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  of  the
 person  charged OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE  PERSON  CHARGED,
 as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination.  Final determi-
 nations  sustaining  or  dismissing  charges shall be entered on a final
 determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records  show-
 ing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an alle-
 gation  of  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of this chapter OR  CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails
 to  appear  on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or
 fails after a hearing to comply with  the  determination  of  a  hearing
 examiner,  as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the
 bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
 purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds  for  rendering
 and  entering  a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and
 regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
 date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
 rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
 provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  alleged  or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2)  of  the  impending
 default  judgment,  (3)  that such judgment will be entered in the Civil
 Court of the city in which the bureau has  been  established,  or  other
 court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
 civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
 be  avoided  by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this  chapter  or
 contesting  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABIL-
 ITY  IN  ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER

 A. 11246                           39
 
 or making an appearance within  thirty  days  of  the  sending  of  such
 notice.    Pleas  entered  within  that  period  shall  be in the manner
 prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who
 are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall  a  default
 judgment  be  rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
 judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time
 prescribed for entering a plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no
 fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of
 the  hearing.  If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the
 charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no  greater  penalty  or  fine
 than those upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 18-e. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law,  as  amended by section 7-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the
 person charged OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED,
 as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final  determi-
 nations  sustaining  or  dismissing  charges shall be entered on a final
 determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records  show-
 ing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLE-
 GATION  OF  LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date
 or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the
 determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by
 rule or regulation of the bureau,  such  failure  to  plead,  appear  or
 comply  shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and
 shall be grounds for rendering and entering a  default  judgment  in  an
 amount  provided  by  the  rules and regulations of the bureau. However,
 after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
 and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case  the  bureau
 shall  pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator
 or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
 (1) of the violation charged or liability  in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)
 of  the  impending  default  judgment,  (3)  that  such judgment will be
 entered in the Civil Court of the city in  which  the  bureau  has  been
 established,  or  other  court  of civil jurisdiction or any other place
 provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New  York,
 and  (4)  that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting
 an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or
 making  an  appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice.
 Pleas entered within that period shall be in the  manner  prescribed  in
 the  notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of

 A. 11246                           40
 
 impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the  rendering
 and  entry  thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-resi-
 dents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be
 rendered  or,  where required, a notice of impending default judgment be
 sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time  prescribed
 for  entering  a plea.  When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or
 penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to  the  holding  of  the
 hearing.  If  the  hearing  examiner  shall  make a determination on the
 charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no  greater  penalty  or  fine
 than those upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 18-f. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law,  subdivision  1  as  added  by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, and
 subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
 to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained  he  may  examine  the  prior
 parking  violations  record  OR  THE  RECORD  OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER  of  the
 person charged, AS APPLICABLE, prior to rendering a final determination.
 Final  determinations  sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered
 on a final determination roll maintained by  the  bureau  together  with
 records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation OR CONTEST AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails
 to  appear  on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or
 fails after a hearing to comply with  the  determination  of  a  hearing
 examiner,  as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the
 bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
 purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds  for  rendering
 and  entering  a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and
 regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
 date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
 rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
 provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged OR
 LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)  of the impending default judgment, (3) that such
 judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the  city  in  which  the
 bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any
 other  place  provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state
 of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea OR
 CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty
 days of the sending of such notice. Pleas  entered  within  that  period
 shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi-
 tional  penalty  or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall
 not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case  of
 operators  or  owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In
 no case shall a default judgment  be  rendered  or,  where  required,  a
 notice  of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after
 the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea. When a person
 has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty  shall  be  imposed  for  any
 reason,  prior  to  the  holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
 shall make a determination on the charges,  sustaining  them,  he  shall

 A. 11246                           41
 
 impose  no  greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was
 originally charged.
   §  19.  The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
 1180-d to read as follows:
   § 1180-D. OWNER LIABILITY FOR  FAILURE  OF  OPERATOR  TO  COMPLY  WITH
 CERTAIN  POSTED  MAXIMUM  SPEED LIMITS. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER
 PROVISION OF LAW, THE CITY OF BUFFALO IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED TO  ESTABLISH
 A  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A
 VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED MAXIMUM
 SPEED LIMITS IN A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE WITHIN THE CITY (I)  WHEN  A  SCHOOL
 SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPHS ONE AND TWO OF SUBDI-
 VISION (C) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN
 OTHER  SPEED  LIMITS  ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B), (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE  DURING  THE
 FOLLOWING  TIMES:    (A) ON SCHOOL DAYS DURING SCHOOL HOURS AND ONE HOUR
 BEFORE AND ONE HOUR AFTER THE  SCHOOL  DAY,  AND  (B)  A  PERIOD  DURING
 STUDENT  ACTIVITIES  AT  THE SCHOOL AND UP TO THIRTY MINUTES IMMEDIATELY
 BEFORE AND UP TO THIRTY MINUTES IMMEDIATELY AFTER  SUCH  STUDENT  ACTIV-
 ITIES.  SUCH  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  SHALL  EMPOWER THE CITY TO INSTALL
 PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS  WITHIN  NO  MORE  THAN  TWENTY
 SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONES WITHIN THE CITY AT ANY ONE TIME AND TO OPERATE SUCH
 SYSTEMS WITHIN SUCH ZONES (III) WHEN A SCHOOL SPEED LIMIT IS  IN  EFFECT
 AS  PROVIDED  IN  PARAGRAPHS  ONE  AND TWO OF SUBDIVISION (C) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN  OTHER  SPEED  LIMITS
 ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE DURING THE FOLLOWING TIMES: (A) ON
 SCHOOL  DAYS  DURING SCHOOL HOURS AND ONE HOUR BEFORE AND ONE HOUR AFTER
 THE SCHOOL DAY, AND (B) A PERIOD DURING STUDENT ACTIVITIES AT THE SCHOOL
 AND UP TO THIRTY MINUTES IMMEDIATELY BEFORE AND  UP  TO  THIRTY  MINUTES
 IMMEDIATELY  AFTER  SUCH STUDENT ACTIVITIES. IN SELECTING A SCHOOL SPEED
 ZONE IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION  MONITORING
 SYSTEM,  THE  CITY SHALL CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO
 THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND THE ROADWAY  GEOMETRY  APPLICABLE  TO
 SUCH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE.
   2.  NO  PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM SHALL BE USED IN A
 SCHOOL SPEED ZONE UNLESS (I) ON THE DAY IT IS TO BE USED IT HAS SUCCESS-
 FULLY PASSED A SELF-TEST OF ITS FUNCTIONS; AND (II) IT HAS UNDERGONE  AN
 ANNUAL  CALIBRATION  CHECK  PERFORMED PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH FOUR OF THIS
 SUBDIVISION. THE CITY SHALL INSTALL SIGNS GIVING  NOTICE  THAT  A  PHOTO
 SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM  IS IN USE TO BE MOUNTED ON ADVANCE
 WARNING SIGNS NOTIFYING MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATORS OF SUCH UPCOMING  SCHOOL
 SPEED  ZONE  AND/OR  ON  SPEED LIMIT SIGNS APPLICABLE WITHIN SUCH SCHOOL
 SPEED ZONE, IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN THE MUTCD.
   3. OPERATORS OF PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING  SYSTEMS  SHALL  HAVE
 COMPLETED  TRAINING IN THE PROCEDURES FOR SETTING UP, TESTING, AND OPER-
 ATING SUCH SYSTEMS.  EACH SUCH OPERATOR SHALL COMPLETE AND SIGN A  DAILY
 SET-UP  LOG FOR EACH SUCH SYSTEM THAT HE OR SHE OPERATES THAT (I) STATES
 THE DATE AND TIME WHEN, AND THE LOCATION WHERE, THE SYSTEM  WAS  SET  UP
 THAT DAY, AND (II) STATES THAT SUCH OPERATOR SUCCESSFULLY PERFORMED, AND
 THE  SYSTEM  PASSED,  THE  SELF-TESTS  OF SUCH SYSTEM BEFORE PRODUCING A
 RECORDED IMAGE THAT DAY.   THE CITY SHALL RETAIN  EACH  SUCH  DAILY  LOG
 UNTIL  THE LATER OF THE DATE ON WHICH THE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITOR-
 ING SYSTEM TO WHICH IT APPLIES HAS BEEN PERMANENTLY REMOVED FROM USE  OR
 THE  FINAL RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED
 BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEO OR OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES
 PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEM.

 A. 11246                           42
 
   4. EACH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL UNDERGO AN ANNU-
 AL  CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED BY AN INDEPENDENT CALIBRATION LABORATORY
 WHICH SHALL ISSUE A SIGNED CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION.  THE  CITY  SHALL
 KEEP EACH SUCH ANNUAL CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION ON FILE UNTIL THE FINAL
 RESOLUTION  OF  ALL  CASES INVOLVING A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED DURING
 SUCH YEAR WHICH WERE BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE
 OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITOR-
 ING SYSTEM.
   5. (I) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES
 TO  ENSURE,  TO  THE  EXTENT  PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO  SPEED
 VIOLATION  MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY THE
 DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED, HOWEV-
 ER, THAT NO NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 DISMISSED SOLELY BECAUSE SUCH A PHOTOGRAPH,  MICROPHOTOGRAPH,  VIDEOTAPE
 OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE DRIVER, THE
 PASSENGERS,  OR  THE  CONTENTS  OF VEHICLES WHERE THE CITY SHOWS THAT IT
 MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS  PARAGRAPH
 IN SUCH CASE.
   (II)  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGE FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL  BE  FOR  THE
 EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE CITY FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABIL-
 ITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND OF THE OWNER RECEIVING A NOTICE
 OF  LIABILITY  PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION, AND SHALL BE DESTROYED BY THE
 CITY UPON THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY TO WHICH  SUCH
 PHOTOGRAPHS,   MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES
 RELATE, OR ONE YEAR FOLLOWING THE DATE OF ISSUANCE  OF  SUCH  NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY,  WHICHEVER  IS LATER.   NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF ANY
 OTHER LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  ANY  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGE  FROM  A PHOTO SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, NOR SUBJECT
 TO CIVIL OR CRIMINAL PROCESS OR DISCOVERY, NOR  USED  BY  ANY  COURT  OR
 ADMINISTRATIVE  OR ADJUDICATORY BODY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING THEREIN
 EXCEPT THAT WHICH IS NECESSARY FOR  THE  ADJUDICATION  OF  A  NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION,  AND NO PUBLIC ENTITY OR
 EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT  THEREOF  SHALL  DISCLOSE  SUCH  INFORMATION,
 EXCEPT  THAT  SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER
 RECORDED IMAGES FROM SUCH SYSTEMS:
   (A) SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION AND COPYING AND USE BY THE MOTOR
 VEHICLE OWNER AND OPERATOR FOR SO LONG AS SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES ARE REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINED
 OR ARE MAINTAINED BY SUCH PUBLIC ENTITY, EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT; AND
   (B)  (1)  SHALL BE FURNISHED WHEN DESCRIBED IN A SEARCH WARRANT ISSUED
 BY A COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE
 SIX HUNDRED NINETY OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE  LAW  OR  A  FEDERAL  COURT
 AUTHORIZED  TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE SUCH
 SEARCH WARRANT STATES THAT THERE IS REASONABLE  CAUSE  TO  BELIEVE  SUCH
 INFORMATION  CONSTITUTES  EVIDENCE  OF,  OR TENDS TO DEMONSTRATE THAT, A
 MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE WAS COMMITTED IN  THIS  STATE  OR  ANOTHER
 STATE,  OR  THAT A PARTICULAR PERSON PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMISSION OF A
 MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE,  PROVIDED,
 HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, THE
 COURT  SHALL ONLY ISSUE A WARRANT IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE
 WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A  MISDEMEANOR  OR  FELONY
 AGAINST THE LAWS OF THIS STATE; AND

 A. 11246                           43
 
   (2) SHALL BE FURNISHED IN RESPONSE TO A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM SIGNED BY
 A  JUDGE  OF  COMPETENT  JURISDICTION AND ISSUED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SIX
 HUNDRED TEN OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE OF  A
 FEDERAL  COURT  AUTHORIZED  TO  ISSUE  SUCH A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM UNDER
 FEDERAL LAW, WHERE THE JUDGE FINDS AND THE SUBPOENA STATES THAT THERE IS
 REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION IS RELEVANT AND MATERIAL TO
 THE  PROSECUTION,  OR THE DEFENSE, OR THE INVESTIGATION BY AN AUTHORIZED
 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL, OF THE ALLEGED COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR  OR
 FELONY  IN  THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH
 OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, SUCH JUDGE OR  MAGISTRATE
 SHALL  ONLY  ISSUE  SUCH SUBPOENA IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE
 WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN
 THIS STATE; AND
   (3) MAY, IF LAWFULLY OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THIS CLAUSE AND  CLAUSE  (A)
 OF  THIS SUBPARAGRAPH AND OTHERWISE ADMISSIBLE, BE USED IN SUCH CRIMINAL
 ACTION OR PROCEEDING.
   (B) IF THE CITY OF BUFFALO ESTABLISHES A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM  PURSU-
 ANT  TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE
 LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION  IF  SUCH  VEHICLE
 WAS  USED  OR  OPERATED  WITH  THE  PERMISSION  OF THE OWNER, EXPRESS OR
 IMPLIED, WITHIN A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION  (C)  OR
 DURING  THE TIMES AUTHORIZED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION
 IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, SUCH VEHICLE WAS TRAVELING AT A SPEED OF
 MORE  THAN  TEN  MILES  PER  HOUR ABOVE THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT IN EFFECT
 WITHIN SUCH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFOR-
 MATION OBTAINED FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED
 HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  HAS  BEEN
 CONVICTED  OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)
 OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (C) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL  HAVE  THE
 FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1.  "MANUAL  ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD" SHALL MEAN
 THE MANUAL AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM  OF  TRAFFIC  CONTROL
 DEVICES  MAINTAINED  BY  THE  COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION PURSUANT TO
 SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER;
   2. "OWNER" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE  TWO-B  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER;
   3.  "PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A VEHICLE
 SENSOR INSTALLED TO WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A  SPEED  MEASURING  DEVICE
 WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICRO-
 PHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE
 TIME  IT  IS  USED  OR  OPERATED  IN A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE IN VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY
 OF THIS ARTICLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION; AND
   4.  "SCHOOL  SPEED ZONE" SHALL MEAN A DISTANCE NOT TO EXCEED ONE THOU-
 SAND THREE HUNDRED TWENTY FEET ON A HIGHWAY PASSING A  SCHOOL  BUILDING,
 ENTRANCE OR EXIT OF A SCHOOL ABUTTING ON THE HIGHWAY.
   (D)  A  CERTIFICATE,  SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A TECHNICIAN EMPLOYED BY
 THE CITY OF BUFFALO, OR A FACSIMILE THEREOF, BASED  UPON  INSPECTION  OF
 PHOTOGRAPHS,   MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES
 PRODUCED BY A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM,  SHALL  BE  PRIMA
 FACIE  EVIDENCE  OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTOGRAPHS, MICRO-
 PHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES  EVIDENCING  SUCH  A
 VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE

 A. 11246                           44
 
 REAR  OF  THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT NEAR
 THE MOTOR VEHICLE AND SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR  INSPECTION  REASONABLY  IN
 ADVANCE  OF  AND  AT ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY FOR SUCH
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (E)  AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)
 OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  A
 DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  ESTABLISHED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND
 PENALTIES TO BE PROMULGATED BY THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OF THE CITY
 OF BUFFALO.  THE LIABILITY OF THE OWNER PURSUANT TO THIS  SECTION  SHALL
 NOT  EXCEED  FIFTY  DOLLARS  FOR EACH VIOLATION; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT
 SUCH PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU MAY PROVIDE FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT
 IN EXCESS OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION FOR THE  FAILURE  TO
 RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
   (F)  AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTAB-
 LISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION  AS  AN
 OPERATOR  AND  SHALL  NOT  BE  MADE  PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE
 PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR  SHALL  IT  BE  USED  FOR
 INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
   (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
 PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI-
 CLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, WITHIN  FOURTEEN  BUSINESS  DAYS  IF  SUCH
 OWNER IS A RESIDENT OF THIS STATE AND WITHIN FORTY-FIVE BUSINESS DAYS IF
 SUCH  OWNER  IS A NON-RESIDENT. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT
 BE REQUIRED. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF  MAILING  PREPARED  IN  THE
 ORDINARY  COURSE  OF BUSINESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN.
   2. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME  AND  ADDRESS  OF  THE
 PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI-
 CLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, THE REGISTRATION  NUMBER  OF  THE  VEHICLE
 INVOLVED  IN  SUCH  VIOLATION,  THE  LOCATION  WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK
 PLACE, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF
 THE CAMERA WHICH  RECORDED  THE  VIOLATION  OR  OTHER  DOCUMENT  LOCATOR
 NUMBER,  AT  LEAST  TWO  DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE REAR OF THE
 MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY  OBJECT  NEAR  THE  MOTOR
 VEHICLE, AND THE CERTIFICATE CHARGING THE LIABILITY.
   3.  THE  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE
 PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST
 THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO
 CONTAIN A PROMINENT WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO
 CONTEST IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION  OF
 LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE CITY OF
 BUFFALO,  OR  BY  ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY THE CITY TO PREPARE AND
 MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
   (H) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS  SECTION
 SHALL BE BY THE CITY OF BUFFALO PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (I)  IF  AN  OWNER  RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE
 OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS  REPORTED  TO  THE  POLICE  DEPARTMENT  AS
 HAVING  BEEN  STOLEN,  IT  SHALL  BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION
 THAT THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE HAD  BEEN

 A. 11246                           45

 REPORTED  TO  THE  POLICE  AS  STOLEN  PRIOR  TO  THE TIME THE VIOLATION
 OCCURRED AND HAD NOT BEEN  RECOVERED  BY  SUCH  TIME.  FOR  PURPOSES  OF
 ASSERTING  THE  DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION, IT SHALL BE SUFFI-
 CIENT  THAT  A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN VEHICLE
 OR NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO
 THE CITY OF BUFFALO PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR  BY  ANY  OTHER  ENTITY
 AUTHORIZED BY THE CITY TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
   (J)  ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS SECTION
 SHALL BE BY THE CITY OF BUFFALO PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (K) 1. AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE  TO  WHICH  A  NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY  WAS  ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION, PROVIDED THAT:
   (I)  PRIOR  TO  THE  VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH SUCH PARKING
 VIOLATIONS BUREAU IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF  SECTION  TWO
 HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   (II)  WITHIN  THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM SUCH DIVI-
 SION OF THE DATE AND TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFOR-
 MATION CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS
 TO SUCH DIVISION THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHI-
 CLE IDENTIFIED IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION,
 TOGETHER WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL,
 LEASE OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY  SUCH
 DIVISION  PURSUANT  TO  REGULATIONS  THAT  MAY  BE  PROMULGATED FOR SUCH
 PURPOSE.
   2. FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF PARAGRAPH ONE  OF  THIS
 SUBDIVISION  SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED IN
 THIS SECTION.
   3. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH  ONE  OF
 THIS  SUBDIVISION,  THE  LESSEE  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  ON  THE DATE OF SUCH
 VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE  FOR  PURPOSES
 OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSU-
 ANT  TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO
 SUBDIVISION (I) OF THIS SECTION.
   (L) 1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C)  OR  (D)
 OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION WAS NOT  THE  OPERATOR  OF  THE  VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE
 VIOLATION,  THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST
 THE OPERATOR.
   2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF  A
 VEHICLE  SHALL  BE  SUBJECT  TO A MONETARY FINE IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
 OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME  SUCH  OPERATOR  OPERATED  SUCH
 VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION
 THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPER-
 ATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT  THE  TIME  OF  SUCH
 OPERATOR  OPERATED  SUCH  VEHICLE  IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (M) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE  LIABILITY
 OF  AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR (D)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (N) IF THE CITY ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION
 (A) OF THIS SECTION IT SHALL CONDUCT A STUDY AND SUBMIT A REPORT ON  THE
 RESULTS OF THE USE OF PHOTO DEVICES TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRES-

 A. 11246                           46
 
 IDENT  OF  THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY. SUCH REPORT SHALL
 INCLUDE:
   1. THE LOCATIONS WHERE AND DATES WHEN PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING
 SYSTEMS WERE USED;
   2.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER,  TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES,
 INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED  WITHIN  ALL  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONES
 WITHIN  THE  CITY,  TO  THE  EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE
 DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   3. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND  SEVERITY  OF  CRASHES,  FATALITIES,
 INJURIES  AND  PROPERTY  DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN SCHOOL SPEED ZONES WHERE
 PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED, TO  THE  EXTENT  THE
 INFORMATION  IS  MAINTAINED  BY THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS
 STATE;
   4. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN  ALL  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONES
 WITHIN THE CITY, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   5.  THE  NUMBER  OF  VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE
 WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED, IN  THE  AGGRE-
 GATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   6.  THE  NUMBER  OF  VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL SCHOOL SPEED ZONES
 WITHIN THE CITY THAT WERE:
   (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES  PER  HOUR  OVER  THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   7.  THE  NUMBER  OF  VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE
 WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED THAT WERE:
   (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES  PER  HOUR  OVER  THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   8.  THE  TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   9. THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE  FIRST
 NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   10. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND THE RESULTS OF SUCH ADJU-
 DICATIONS  INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS  OF  DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   11. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY  THE  CITY  IN  CONNECTION
 WITH THE PROGRAM;
   12.  THE EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE CITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM;
 AND
   13. THE QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS.
   (O) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
 VISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO THIS SECTION THAT SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION
 MONITORING  SYSTEM  WAS  MALFUNCTIONING  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE  ALLEGED
 VIOLATION.
   §  20.  The  opening  paragraph  and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of
 section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10 of
 chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:

 A. 11246                           47

   Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of  this
 state  result  in  a  conviction  for an offense under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule
 or  regulation  adopted  pursuant  to this chapter, other than a traffic
 infraction  involving  standing,  stopping,  or parking or violations by
 pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of  this  chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation  of
 a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined in such section, or other than an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)
 of section eleven hundred eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adju-
 dication of liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, or
 other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
 subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
 of this chapter in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of
 this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a  violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY  OF  AN  OWNER  FOR  A
 VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime  victim  assist-
 ance fee and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required
 or permitted by law, in accordance with the following schedule:
   (c)  Whenever  proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for  an  offense  under  this  chapter
 other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this
 chapter,  or  a  traffic  infraction under this chapter, or a local law,
 ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to  this  chapter,  other
 than  a  traffic  infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-a  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter, or other than an infraction pursuant
 to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil-
 ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations  pursuant
 to  section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than
 an adjudication in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of
 this  chapter  for  a  violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in
 such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for

 A. 11246                           48
 
 a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b  of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an  owner  for  a  violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  OR  OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF
 LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)
 OR  (G)  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,  there  shall  be
 levied a crime victim assistance fee in the amount of five dollars and a
 mandatory  surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted
 by law, in the amount of fifty-five dollars.
   § 20-a. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic  law,
 as  amended  by  section  10-a  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule
 or  regulation  adopted  pursuant  to this chapter, other than a traffic
 infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equip-
 ment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an  adju-
 dication  of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  for  a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
 than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi-
 vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter  in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,
 or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-c of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF  LIABILITY  OF  AN
 OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  there shall be levied a mandatory
 surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law,  in
 the amount of twenty-five dollars.
   §  20-b. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-b of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction

 A. 11246                           49
 
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
 than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi-
 vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter  in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,
 or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-c of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF  LIABILITY  OF  AN
 OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  there shall be levied a mandatory
 surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law,  in
 the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  20-c. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-c of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),  (c),  (d),
 (f)  or  (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than
 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter,
 OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR  A  VIOLATION
 OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an
 owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  there  shall  be  levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any
 sentence required or permitted  by  law,  in  the  amount  of  seventeen
 dollars.
   §  20-d. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-d of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication

 A. 11246                           50
 
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),  (c),  (d),
 (f)  or  (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN
 AN  ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,
 or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or
 other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
 subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter,  there
 shall  be  levied  a  mandatory  surcharge,  in addition to any sentence
 required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 20-e. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic  law,
 as  amended  by  section  10-e  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION
 OF  LIABILITY  OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adju-
 dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there shall be levied a manda-
 tory surcharge, in addition to any sentence  required  or  permitted  by
 law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  20-f. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-f of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION
 OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),  (C),  (D),
 (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than
 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
 (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there shall be levied a
 mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required  or  permitted
 by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  20-g. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by chapter 16 of the laws of 1983 and  chapter  62
 of the laws of 1989, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or

 A. 11246                           51
 
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION
 OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),  (C),  (D),
 (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall
 be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or
 permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 21. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law, as amended by section 11 of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  and
 except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter of a violation of a  bus  lane  restriction  as
 defined  in  such section, and except an adjudication of liability of an
 owner for a violation of subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)
 or  (g)  of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-c of  this  chapter,  and  except  an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection
 regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the   public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty,  OR  OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER
 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied in  addition  to
 any  sentence,  penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law,
 an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   § 21-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law, as amended by section 11-a of chapter 222 of the laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-

 A. 11246                           52
 
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, and except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction as defined in such section, and except  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)
 or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this  chapter  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter, and except an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter,
 AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY
 OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section  two  thou-
 sand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
 to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required  or  permitted  by
 law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  21-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 11-b of chapter 222 of  the  laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for  a  violation  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-c of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABIL-
 ITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regu-
 lations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter seven hundred seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty,  there  shall  be  levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or
 other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of
 twenty-eight dollars.
   § 21-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law, as amended by section 11-c of chapter 222 of the laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:

 A. 11246                           53
 
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-c of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER
 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of  liabil-
 ity  of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant
 to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall
 be levied in addition  to  any  sentence,  penalty  or  other  surcharge
 required  or  permitted  by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight
 dollars.
   § 21-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law, as amended by section 11-d of chapter 222 of the laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to  section  two
 thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law or
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty, there shall be
 levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  21-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 11-e of chapter 222 of  the  laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a

 A. 11246                           54
 
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to  section  two
 thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law or
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty, there shall be
 levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  21-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 5 of part C of chapter 55 of  the
 laws of 2013, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for  a  violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two
 thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or
 sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen  hundred  fifty,  there  shall  be
 levied  in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   § 22. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision  5-a  of  section
 401  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of chapter
 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
 of there is a certification from a  court,  parking  violations  bureau,
 traffic  and  parking  violations  agency  or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry of a final decision in response to a
 total of three or more summonses or  other  process  in  the  aggregate,
 issued  within  an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such
 motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor  vehi-
 cle  was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without

 A. 11246                           55
 
 being licensed as a motor vehicle for  hire  by  the  appropriate  local
 authority,  in  violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
 any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by  a  local  authority;  or
 (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a,  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  or section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter;  or (iii) the registrant was
 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
 ter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane  restriction as defined in such
 section, or (iv) the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or (v)  the
 registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c
 of  this  chapter  for  a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter,  OR  (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (C) OR (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commis-
 sioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal appli-
 cation  until  the  applicant provides proof from the court, traffic and
 parking violations agency or administrative tribunal wherein the charges
 are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of
 an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied  with  the  rules
 and  regulations  of  said tribunal following entry of a final decision.
 Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commission-
 er may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal  appli-
 cation to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registra-
 tion  or  renewal  application for any other motor vehicle registered in
 the name of the applicant where the  commissioner  has  determined  that
 such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion  and  where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that
 such registration or renewal will  have  the  effect  of  defeating  the
 purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as
 long  as  the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an adminis-
 trative tribunal, the registrant fails to  comply  with  the  rules  and
 regulations following entry of a final decision.
   §  22-a.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-a of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in  response  to  a
 total  of  three  or  more  summonses or other process in the aggregate,
 issued within an eighteen month period, charging either that:  (i)  such
 motor  vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehi-
 cle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent  without
 being  licensed  as  a  motor  vehicle for hire by the appropriate local
 authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter  or  of
 any  law,  ordinance,  rule  or regulation made by a local authority; or
 (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section

 A. 11246                           56
 
 eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter;  or (iii) the registrant was
 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
 ter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane  restriction as defined in such
 section;  or  (iv)  the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (d)  of  section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter or (v) the regis-
 trant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (v) the registrant was
 liable  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chap-
 ter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of  section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter; OR (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or
 renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or
 administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an  appear-
 ance  or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribu-
 nal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations  of  said
 tribunal  following  entry  of a final decision. Where an application is
 denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may,  in  his  or  her
 discretion,  deny  a  registration  or  renewal application to any other
 person for the same vehicle and  may  deny  a  registration  or  renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 22-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-b of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped
 or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated  for  hire  by  the
 registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
 for  hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accord-
 ance with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section; or (iii)
 the  registrant  was  liable  in  accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable

 A. 11246                           57
 
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in  accord-
 ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A
 VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; or (v)  the  registrant  was  liable  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter,  the  commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registra-
 tion or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from  the
 court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an
 appearance  or  answer has been made or in the case of an administrative
 tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and  regulations  of
 said  tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application
 is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or  her
 discretion,  deny  a  registration  or  renewal application to any other
 person for the same vehicle and  may  deny  a  registration  or  renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 22-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-c of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped
 or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated  for  hire  by  the
 registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
 for  hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accord-
 ance with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter, or the registrant was liable  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred eighty-c of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, OR THE
 REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D
 OF  THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; or (iv) the registrant

 A. 11246                           58
 
 was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  for  a  violation  of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall  deny
 the  registration  or  renewal  application until the applicant provides
 proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges  are
 pending  that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an
 administrative tribunal that he has complied with the  rules  and  regu-
 lations  of  said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an
 application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in
 his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any
 other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  22-d.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-d of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant or his agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by
 the  appropriate  local authority, in violation of any of the provisions
 of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made  by  a
 local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of this chapter for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, or the
 registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of  this  chapter  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in  accord-
 ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter,  the  commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registra-
 tion or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from  the
 court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an
 appearance  or  answer has been made or in the case of an administrative
 tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and  regulations  of
 said  tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application
 is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or  her
 discretion,  deny  a  registration  or  renewal application to any other
 person for the same vehicle and  may  deny  a  registration  or  renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the

 A. 11246                           59
 
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  22-e.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-e of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant  or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for
 hire by the appropriate local authority, in  violation  of  any  of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS  LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY
 OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or the  registrant
 was  liable  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny
 the registration or renewal application  until  the  applicant  provides
 proof  from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are
 pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of  an
 administrative  tribunal  that  he has complied with the rules and regu-
 lations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision.  Where  an
 application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in
 his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any
 other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 22-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-f of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned

 A. 11246                           60
 
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period,  charging  that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle  for
 hire  by  the  appropriate  local  authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by  a  local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY
 OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (d)  of  section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, the commissioner
 or his or her agent shall deny the registration or  renewal  application
 until  the  applicant  provides  proof  from the court or administrative
 tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an  appearance  or  answer
 has  been  made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he has
 complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry
 of a final decision. Where an application is  denied  pursuant  to  this
 section,  the  commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a regis-
 tration or renewal application to any other person for the same  vehicle
 and  may  deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor
 vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where  the  commissioner
 has  determined  that  such  registrant's  intent  has been to evade the
 purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner  has  reasonable
 grounds  to  believe  that  such  registration  or renewal will have the
 effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial  shall
 only  remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in
 the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails  to  comply
 with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   §  22-g.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 339 and  592  of  the
 laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction  that  the  registrant  or  his  representative
 failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or
 failed to comply with the rules and  regulations  of  an  administrative
 tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to three or
 more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period,
 charging that such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped  or  standing,  or
 that  such  motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant or his
 agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by  the  appro-
 priate  local  authority,  in violation of any of the provisions of this
 chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation  made  by  a  local
 authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEV-
 EN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
 the  commissioner  or  his  agent shall deny the registration or renewal
 application until the applicant provides proof from the court or  admin-
 istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or
 answer  has  been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that
 he has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal  follow-
 ing  entry  of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant
 to this section, the commissioner may, in his discretion, deny a  regis-

 A. 11246                           61
 
 tration  or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle
 and may deny a registration or renewal application for any  other  motor
 vehicle  registered  in the name of the applicant where the commissioner
 has  determined  that  such  registrant's  intent  has been to evade the
 purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner  has  reasonable
 grounds  to  believe  that  such  registration  or renewal will have the
 effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial  shall
 only  remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in
 the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails  to  comply
 with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   §  23.  Subdivision  2  of  section  87  of the public officers law is
 amended by adding a new paragraph (p) to read as follows:
   (P) ARE PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED
 IMAGES  PREPARED  UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D
 OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
   § 24. The purchase or lease of equipment for a  demonstration  program
 pursuant  to  section  1180-d  of  the  vehicle and traffic law shall be
 subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law.
   § 25. This act shall take effect immediately; provided  that  sections
 one through four of this act shall expire and be deemed repealed 4 years
 after such effective date when upon such date the provisions of sections
 one  through  four  of  this  act shall be deemed repealed; and provided
 further that the amendments to section 1180-b of the vehicle and traffic
 law made by sections five, six, seven and eight of this  act  shall  not
 affect  the  repeal  of such section and shall be deemed repealed there-
 with; and provided further that the amendments to paragraph 2 of  subdi-
 vision  (a)  of  section  1180-b  of the vehicle and traffic law made by
 section six of this act shall take effect on  the  ninetieth  day  after
 this  act  shall  have  become a law; and provided further that sections
 twelve through twenty-four of this act shall take effect on the  thirti-
 eth  day after it shall have become a law and shall expire 4 years after
 such effective date when upon  such  date  the  provisions  of  sections
 twelve  through  twenty-four  of  this act shall be deemed repealed; and
 provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation of this
 act on its effective date shall be promulgated on or before such  effec-
 tive date, provided that:
   (a)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section twelve of this  act  shall  not  affect  the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section twelve-a of this act shall take
 effect;
   (a-1)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section twelve-a of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section twelve-b of this act shall take effect;
   (a-2) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section twelve-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section twelve-c of this act shall take effect;
   (a-3)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section twelve-c of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section twelve-d of this act shall take effect;
   (a-4) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section twelve-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of

 A. 11246                           62
 
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section twelve-e of this act shall take effect;
   (a-5)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section twelve-e of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section twelve-f of this act shall take effect;
   (a-6) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section twelve-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section twelve-g of this act shall take effect;
   (b)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section thirteen of this act shall  not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section  thirteen-a  of  this  act
 shall take effect;
   (b-1)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section thirteen-a of this act shall not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section thirteen-b  of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (b-2)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section thirteen-b of this act shall not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section thirteen-c  of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (b-3)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section thirteen-c of this act shall not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section thirteen-d  of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (b-4)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section thirteen-d of this act shall not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section thirteen-e  of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (b-5)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section thirteen-e of this act shall not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section thirteen-f  of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section fifteen of  this  act  shall
 not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of  section
 fifteen-a of this act shall take effect;
   (c-1) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the  vehicle and traffic law made by section fifteen-a of this act shall
 not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
 expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of  section
 fifteen-b of this act shall take effect;
   (c-2) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section fifteen-b of this act  shall
 not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of  section
 fifteen-c of this act shall take effect;

 A. 11246                           63
 
   (c-3) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the  vehicle and traffic law made by section fifteen-c of this act shall
 not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
 expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of  section
 fifteen-d of this act shall take effect;
   (c-4) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the  vehicle and traffic law made by section fifteen-d of this act shall
 not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
 expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of  section
 fifteen-e of this act shall take effect;
   (c-5) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section fifteen-e of this act  shall
 not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of  section
 fifteen-f of this act shall take effect;
   (d)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section sixteen of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon  such date the provisions of section sixteen-a of
 this act shall take effect;
   (d-1) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and traffic law made by section sixteen-a of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of  section  sixteen-b  of
 this act shall take effect;
   (d-2)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section sixteen-b of this act shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon  such date the provisions of section sixteen-c of
 this act shall take effect;
   (d-3) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and traffic law made by section sixteen-c of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of  section  sixteen-d  of
 this act shall take effect;
   (d-4)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section sixteen-d of this act shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon  such date the provisions of section sixteen-e of
 this act shall take effect;
   (d-5) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and traffic law made by section sixteen-e of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of  section  sixteen-f  of
 this act shall take effect;
   (e)  the  amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seventeen of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to  expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date the provisions of section
 seventeen-a of this act shall take effect;
   (e-1) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seventeen-a  of  this
 act  shall  not  affect  the  expiration of such paragraphs and shall be
 deemed to expire therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of
 section seventeen-b of this act shall take effect;

 A. 11246                           64
 
   (e-2) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section seventeen-b of this
 act shall not affect the expiration of  such  paragraphs  and  shall  be
 deemed  to  expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date the provisions of
 section seventeen-c of this act shall take effect;
   (e-3) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section seventeen-c of this
 act shall not affect the expiration of  such  paragraphs  and  shall  be
 deemed  to  expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date the provisions of
 section seventeen-d of this act shall take effect;
   (e-4) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seventeen-d  of  this
 act  shall  not  affect  the  expiration of such paragraphs and shall be
 deemed to expire therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of
 section seventeen-e of this act shall take effect;
   (e-5) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section seventeen-e of this
 act shall not affect the expiration of  such  paragraphs  and  shall  be
 deemed  to  expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date the provisions of
 section seventeen-f of this act shall take effect;
   (f) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law made by section  eighteen  of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section eighteen-a of
 this act shall take effect;
   (f-1) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of  section  241  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section eighteen-a of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section eighteen-b of
 this act shall take effect;
   (f-2) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of  section  241  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section eighteen-b of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section eighteen-c of
 this act shall take effect;
   (f-3) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of  section  241  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section eighteen-c of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section eighteen-d of
 this act shall take effect;
   (f-4) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of  section  241  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section eighteen-d of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section eighteen-e of
 this act shall take effect;
   (f-5) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of  section  241  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section eighteen-e of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section eighteen-f of
 this act shall take effect;
   (g) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section twenty of this  act  shall  not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-a of this act shall
 take effect;

 A. 11246                           65
 
   (g-1) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law  made by section twenty-a of this act shall not affect
 the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-b of this act
 shall take effect;
   (g-2)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section twenty-b of this act  shall  not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-c of this act
 shall take effect;
   (g-3) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law  made by section twenty-c of this act shall not affect
 the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-d of this act
 shall take effect;
   (g-4)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section twenty-d of this act  shall  not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-e of this act
 shall take effect;
   (g-5) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law  made by section twenty-e of this act shall not affect
 the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-f of this act
 shall take effect;
   (g-6)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section twenty-f of this act  shall  not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-g of this act
 shall take effect;
   (h) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of  section  1809-e
 of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section twenty-one of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 one-a of this act shall take effect;
   (h-1) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-one-a of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 one-b of this act shall take effect;
   (h-2) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-one-b of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 one-c of this act shall take effect;
   (h-3) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-one-c of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 one-d of this act shall take effect;
   (h-4) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-one-d of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 one-e of this act shall take effect;

 A. 11246                           66
 
   (h-5) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-one-e of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 one-f of this act shall take effect;
   (i)  the  amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision
 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  twen-
 ty-two of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and
 shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions
 of section twenty-two-a of this act shall take effect;
   (i-1) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section  401
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-two-a of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 two-b of this act shall take effect;
   (i-2)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-two-b of this  act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire  therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-
 two-c of this act shall take effect;
   (i-3) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section  401
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-two-c of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 two-d of this act shall take effect;
   (i-4)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-two-d of this  act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire  therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-
 two-e of this act shall take effect;
   (i-5) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section  401
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-two-e of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 two-f of this act shall take effect; and
   (i-6)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-two-f of this  act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire  therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-
 two-g of this act shall take effect.
 
                                  PART C
 
   Section 1. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 3656 of the public authori-
 ties law, as amended by chapter 685 of the laws of 2003, are amended  to
 read as follows:
   1.  The  authority  shall have the power and is hereby authorized from
 time to time to issue bonds in such principal amounts as it  may  deter-
 mine  to  be necessary pursuant to section thirty-six hundred fifty-five
 of this title to pay any financeable  costs  and  to  fund  reserves  to
 secure  such  bonds,  including incidental expenses in connection there-
 with. Provided, however, the aggregate principal amounts of  such  bonds
 issued to pay the financeable costs described in paragraph (a) of subdi-
 vision  twelve  of  section  thirty-six  hundred fifty-one of this title
 shall not exceed four hundred fifteen million dollars, excluding  bonds,
 notes,  or  other obligations issued to refund or otherwise repay bonds,

 A. 11246                           67
 
 notes, or  other  obligations  theretofore  issued  for  such  purposes.
 Notwithstanding  the  foregoing  limit  on  the amount of bonds that the
 authority may issue to pay the financeable costs described in  paragraph
 (a)  of  subdivision  twelve  of section thirty-six hundred fifty-one of
 this title, the authority shall have the power to issue up to  an  addi-
 tional  seven  hundred ninety million dollars of bonds, excluding bonds,
 notes, or other obligations issued to refund or otherwise  repay  bonds,
 notes,  or other obligations theretofore issued for such purpose, to pay
 such costs if the  county's  indebtedness  to  be  refunded,  repaid  or
 restructured  with  the payment of such bonds was originally incurred by
 the county to pay tax certiorari settlements or assignments of any  kind
 to  which the county is a party. Provided further, the aggregate princi-
 pal amounts of such bonds issued to pay the financeable costs  described
 in  paragraph  (c)  of  subdivision twelve of section thirty-six hundred
 fifty-one of this title,  which  resulted  from  certiorari  proceedings
 commenced  prior  to  June  first,  two  thousand, shall not exceed four
 hundred million dollars, excluding bonds, notes,  or  other  obligations
 issued  to  refund or otherwise repay bonds, notes, or other obligations
 theretofore issued for such purposes. And, provided further, the  aggre-
 gate principal amounts of such bonds issued to pay the financeable coun-
 ty  costs  described  in  paragraph (c) of subdivision twelve of section
 thirty-six hundred fifty-one of this title, which resulted from certior-
 ari proceedings commenced on or after June first,  two  thousand,  shall
 not  exceed  [four]  EIGHT hundred million dollars in the aggregate [for
 the fiscal years two thousand through two thousand  seven,  however,  of
 said  four  hundred  million dollars only fifteen million dollars may be
 issued in the fiscal year two thousand six and ten million  dollars  may
 be  issued  in  the  fiscal  year  two thousand seven], excluding bonds,
 notes, or other obligations issued to refund or otherwise  repay  bonds,
 notes, or other obligations theretofore issued for such purposes. Effec-
 tive  in  the  year  two  thousand  six, upon request of the county, the
 authority shall issue,  in  the  amount  requested,  bonds  to  pay  tax
 certiorari settlements or judgments of any kind to which the county is a
 party,  not to exceed fifteen million dollars; and effective in the year
 two thousand seven, upon request of  the  county,  the  authority  shall
 issue,  in the amount requested, bonds to pay tax certiorari settlements
 or judgments of any kind to which the county is a party, not  to  exceed
 ten  million  dollars.    Whenever this title establishes a limit on the
 principal amount of bonds that the authority  is  authorized  to  issue,
 there  shall not be counted against such limit (i) amounts determined by
 the authority as reasonable to be used to pay the cost of  issuing  such
 bonds, (ii) the amount of bonds that would constitute interest under the
 Internal  Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and (iii) amounts determined
 by the authority as necessary to establish any reserves.
   The authority shall have the power from time to  time  to  refund  any
 bonds  of  the authority by the issuance of new bonds, whether the bonds
 to be refunded have or have not matured, and may issue bonds  partly  to
 refund  bonds  of  the  authority then outstanding and partly to pay the
 financeable costs pursuant to section thirty-six hundred  fifty-five  of
 this title. Bonds issued by the authority shall be payable solely out of
 particular  revenues  or  other moneys of the authority as may be desig-
 nated in the proceedings of the authority under which the bonds shall be
 authorized to be issued, subject to any agreements entered into  between
 the  authority  and  the  county, and subject to any agreements with the
 holders of outstanding bonds pledging any particular revenues or moneys;

 A. 11246                           68
 
 but in no event shall transitional state aid be pledged as security  for
 or be made available for the payment of bonds.
   2.  The authority is authorized to issue its bonds for a period ending
 not later than December thirty-first, two thousand  [seven]  TWENTY-ONE.
 The  authority may issue bonds to refund bonds previously issued without
 regard to the limitation in the first sentence of this subdivision,  but
 in  no  event shall any bonds of the authority finally mature later than
 January thirty-first, two thousand  [thirty-six]  FORTY-ONE.    Notwith-
 standing  any  other  provision  of  law, no bond of the authority shall
 mature more than thirty years from the date of its issue.

                                  PART D
 
   Section 1. Section 6-41.0 of chapter 272 of the laws of 1939,  consti-
 tuting  the Nassau county administrative code is renumbered 6-42.1 and a
 new subdivision g is added to read as follows:
   G. THIS SECTION SHALL APPLY ONLY TO  REAL  PROPERTY  TAXES  AND  OTHER
 AMOUNTS LEVIED ON THE 2016-2017 AND 2017-2018 TAX ROLLS, AND THE CHARGES
 COLLECTED IN CONNECTION WITH SUCH TAX ROLLS SHALL BE ACCOUNTED FOR SEPA-
 RATELY FROM AMOUNTS COLLECTED ON SUBSEQUENT TAX ROLLS.
   §  2.  Chapter 272 of the laws of 1939, constituting the Nassau county
 administrative code is amended by adding a new section 6-42.2 to read as
 follows:
   § 6-42.2 DISPUTED ASSESSMENT FUND.  NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS  OF
 SECTION  EIGHTEEN  HUNDRED  THREE-B  OF THE REAL PROPERTY TAX LAW OR ANY
 OTHER LAW TO THE CONTRARY EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED HEREIN:
   A. THE COUNTY OF NASSAU SHALL LEVY CHARGES ANNUALLY ON CLASS FOUR REAL
 PROPERTY AS DEFINED IN SECTION EIGHTEEN HUNDRED TWO OF THE REAL PROPERTY
 TAX LAW TO FUND THE PAYMENT OF REFUNDS,  CANCELLATIONS  AND  CREDITS  OF
 PROPERTY  TAXES  AND OTHER LEVIES ON PROPERTIES WITHIN SUCH CLASS IN THE
 ENSUING FISCAL YEAR IN THE MANNER PROVIDED IN THIS SECTION.
   B. SUCH CHARGES SHALL BE CALCULATED, LEVIED,  COLLECTED  AND  ADMINIS-
 TERED IN THE SAME MANNER AS NASSAU COUNTY REAL PROPERTY TAXES, EXCEPT AS
 OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN THIS SECTION.
   C. THE AMOUNT OF SUCH LEVY SHALL BE NOT MORE THAN TEN PERCENT OF CLASS
 FOUR  LEVIES  ON  THE COUNTY TAX ROLL FOR COUNTY, TOWN, SPECIAL DISTRICT
 AND SCHOOL DISTRICT PROPERTY TAXES AND OTHER LEVIES.
   D. SUCH LEVIES SHALL APPEAR AS A SEPARATE ITEM ON  THE  ANNUAL  COUNTY
 TAX  BILL  SUBMITTED  TO  PROPERTY OWNERS BY EACH RECEIVER OF TAXES. THE
 AMOUNTS FROM SUCH LEVIES SHALL BE  PLACED  IN  A  SEPARATE  FUND  HEREBY
 ESTABLISHED  AS  THE  DISPUTED ASSESSMENT FUND WHICH SHALL BE MAINTAINED
 AND ADMINISTERED BY THE NASSAU COUNTY TREASURER; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT
 NOTHING HEREIN SHALL PREVENT THE COUNTY FROM PAYING  INTO  THE  DISPUTED
 ASSESSMENT  FUND  MONIES  FROM  OTHER  FUNDS OR SOURCES FOR THE PURPOSES
 SPECIFIED IN THIS SECTION. THE MONIES COLLECTED IN SUCH  FUND  SHALL  BE
 USED  SOLELY FOR THE PURPOSES SPECIFIED IN THIS SECTION AND SHALL NOT BE
 DEEMED COUNTY REVENUES.
   E. REFUNDS, CANCELLATIONS AND CREDITS OF REAL PROPERTY TAXES AND OTHER
 LEVIES ON CLASS FOUR REAL PROPERTY RESULTING FROM A SETTLEMENT OR  FINAL
 ORDER FROM A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION OR A DETERMINATION OR STIP-
 ULATION  BY  THE  ASSESSMENT  REVIEW  COMMISSION  SHALL BE PAID FROM THE
 DISPUTED ASSESSMENT FUND; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, MONIES PAID FROM SUCH  FUND
 SHALL  NOT  BE DEEMED COUNTY EXPENDITURES.  NOTHING HEREIN SHALL PREVENT
 THE COUNTY FROM FUNDING THE COSTS  OF  ANY  REFUNDS,  CANCELLATIONS  AND
 CREDITS  OF  REAL  PROPERTY  TAXES  AND OTHER LEVIES FROM OTHER FUNDS OR
 SOURCES.

 A. 11246                           69
 
   F. THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT AFFECT THE APPLICATION  OF
 TITLE  THREE  OF  ARTICLE FIVE OF THE REAL PROPERTY TAX LAW OR ANY OTHER
 PROVISION OF LAW EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THIS SECTION.
   G.  THIS  SECTION  SHALL  NOT  APPLY  TO REAL PROPERTY TAXES AND OTHER
 AMOUNTS LEVIED ON THE 2016-2017 AND 2017-2018 TAX ROLLS, AND THE CHARGES
 COLLECTED IN CONNECTION WITH SUCH TAX ROLLS SHALL BE ACCOUNTED FOR SEPA-
 RATELY FROM AMOUNTS COLLECTED ON SUBSEQUENT TAX ROLLS.
   § 3. Severability. If any provision of this act or if any  application
 thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the remainder of
 this  act  and  the  application  of  the provision to other persons and
 circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
   § 4. This act shall take effect immediately.
   § 2. Severability. If any provision of this act or if any  application
 thereof  to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of
 this act and the application of  the  provision  to  other  persons  and
 circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
   § 3. This act shall take effect immediately.
   § 2. Severability clause. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivi-
 sion,  section  or  part  of  this act shall be adjudged by any court of
 competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment  shall  not  affect,
 impair,  or  invalidate  the remainder thereof, but shall be confined in
 its operation to the clause, sentence, paragraph,  subdivision,  section
 or part thereof directly involved in the controversy in which such judg-
 ment shall have been rendered. It is hereby declared to be the intent of
 the  legislature  that  this  act  would  have been enacted even if such
 invalid provisions had not been included herein.
   § 3. This act shall take effect immediately  provided,  however,  that
 the  applicable effective date of Parts A through D of this act shall be
 as specifically set forth in the last section of such Parts.

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Assembly Bill A11246

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Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Rules Committee

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