Senate Bill S9031

2017-2018 Legislative Session

Authorizes the installation and use of photo monitoring devices on school buses to detect and record vehicles illegally passing or overtaking a school bus

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Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Rules Committee

Introduced
- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
- Passed Assembly
- Passed Senate
Delivered to Governor
Signed By Governor

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Date of Action	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
Jun 14, 2018	referred to rules

2017-S9031 (ACTIVE) - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A11189
Current Committee:: Senate Rules
Law Section:: Education Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §§1604 & 1709, Ed L; amd V & T L, generally; amd §12, Chap 43 of 2014; amd §15, Chap 189 of 2013; amd §87, Pub Off L

2017-S9031 (ACTIVE) - Summary

Requires a resolution by the board of trustees of a school district to authorize the installation, administration, operation, notice processing and maintenance of and use of photo monitoring devices on school buses to detect and record vehicles illegally passing or overtaking a school bus; provides for owner liability of a motor vehicle detected by a camera to have illegally passed or overtaken a school bus; provides that liability shall be a monetary penalty in the amount of two hundred fifty dollars; relates to photo speed violation monitoring systems in school zones in the city of New York

2017-S9031 (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

                                
 
BILL NUMBER: S9031

SPONSOR: PERALTA
 
TITLE OF BILL:  An act to amend the education law and the vehicle and
traffic law, in relation to authorizing the installation and use of
safety cameras on school buses for the purpose of monitoring overtaking
and passing of school bus violations; to amend the vehicle and traffic
law, in relation to photo speed violation monitoring systems in school
speed zones in the city of New York; to amend chapter 43 of the laws of
2014, amending the vehicle and traffic law, the public officers law and
the general municipal law relating to photo speed violation monitoring
systems in school speed zones in the city of New York, in relation to
making technical corrections thereto; to amend chapter 189 of the laws
of 2013, amending the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers
law relating to establishing in a city with a population of one million
or more a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring
systems in school speed zones by means of photo devices, in relation to
the effectiveness thereof; to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the
public officers law, in relation to establishing in the city of Buffalo
a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems
in school speed zones by means of photo devices; and providing for the
repeal of certain provisions upon expiration thereof

 
PURPOSE OR GENERAL IDEA OF BILL:

To enhance the safety of schoolchildren when travelling to and from
school.

 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

Section one provides the legislative intent.

Sections two through four authorize school districts to impose monetary
liability on owners of motor vehicles which pass stopped school buses in
violation of Section 1174 of the Vehicle and Traffic Law through the use
of school bus safety cameras installed on school buses, in accordance
with statutory provisions and subject to a four-year sunset.

Sections five through eleven increase the cap on the number of school
zone speed cameras authorized to be used in the City of New York from
140 to 290, require a phase-in of the installation by 50 camera systems
for each of the first three years, and require the City to prioritize
placement of the cameras based on speed data or crash history of the
school speed zone. These sections also prohibit the installation or
operation of speed cameras on a controlled-highway access ramp or within
300 feet along a highway that continues off the end of such ramp, modify
the physical area within which speed cameras can be installed, by chang-
ing the current linear distance of a quarter mile on streets abutting
schools to a quarter mile radius surrounding schools, require the City
to install signs giving approaching motorists notice that a speed camera
system is in use, require an updated anneal program report and expand
the report to include information on the effectiveness and adequacy of
speed camera hours of operation to determine the impact on speeding
violations and crash prevention, and extend the sunset by four years to
July 1, 2022.

Sections twelve through twenty-four authorize the City of Buffalo to
establish a pilot program to establish a demonstration program imposing
monetary liability on owners of vehicles for failure of the driver to
comply with posted maximum speed limits in up to twenty school speed
zones, in accordance with statutory provisions and subject to a four-
year sunset.

 
EFFECTS OF PRESENT LAW WHICH THIS BILL WOULD ALTER:

Vehicle and Traffic Law Section 1174 prohibits drivers of motor vehicles
from passing marked school buses which are stopped for the purpose of
receiving or discharging passengers when the school buses display red
visual signals. Chapter 189 of the Laws of 2013 authorized the City of
New York to establish a demonstration program imposing monetary liabil-
ity on the owners of motor vehicles failing to comply with posted speed
limits in 20 school zones, which authorization expires August 30, 2018,
and Chapter 43 of the Laws of 2014 increased the cap to a total of 140
school zones, which expires July 25, 2018. Vehicle and Traffic Law
Section 1180 prohibits drivers of motor vehicles from driving in excess
of established speed limits

 
JUSTIFICATION:

The transportation of school children to and from school is an important
component of the state's obligation to ensure adequate support of a
public school system for the education of all children of the State.
Safely transporting students to and from school is necessary to afford
all children of the State an education. School bus cameras and speed
cameras in school zones contribute to students' safety and reduce unnec-
essary dangers students face when travelling to school. Furthermore,
high population cities in New York have more students living in close
proximity to the students' schools, so the use of photo enforcement to
deter motorists from passing stopped school buses and speeding in school
zones helps to ensure that students are less at risk when walking or
riding to and from school.  It is a substantial state concern, with an
impact well beyond a single municipality, to ensure safe access to
schools through the use of photo enforcement as provided in this act.

Each day, it is reported that school buses nationally transport over 26
million students to school and other activities. In New York alone,
50,000 school buses transport 1.875 million students.  According to the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), school buses are
the safest means to transport children to and from school and school-re-
lated activities. In a 2017 report to Congress, the United States
Government Accountability Office (GAO) found that in an analysis of data
for the years 2000 through 2014, 115 fatal crashes involved a school bus
on average each year, which is 0.3 percent of the 34,835 total fatal
motor vehicle crashes annually. But while school buses have a strong
safety record, the death or injury of any school child is tragic and
unacceptable.

The National Association of State Directors of Pupil Transportation
Services conducts an annual survey on illegal passing. Participating
school bus drivers have observed more than 74,000 instances of illegal
passing on a single day, for each of the five years this data was
collected. Data gathered in New York through Operation Safe Stop, a
targeted enforcement day involving pupil transportation providers and
law enforcement, showed that the number of violations for passing
stopped school buses in 2017 had increased over the prior year.  Speed-
ing motorists continue to put schoolchildren in unnecessary danger.

It has been found that the risk of pedestrian death from being struck by
a speeding vehicle increases depending upon the speed of the vehicle,
growing from 5% at a speed of 20 miles per hour to 45% at a speed of 30
miles per hour. Speeding vehicles are especially an issue in school
zones, where children and families are vulnerable. According to Safe
Kids Worldwide, in the United States there has been a 13% increase in
the pedestrian death rate for 12-19 year olds since 2013. And the
Centers for Disease Control reports that, in 2015, one in every five
children under the age of 15 who were killed in traffic crashes were
pedestrians.

Technology presently exists by which speed enforcement cameras photo-
graphically capture vehicles exceeding the maximum speed limit without
the presence of a police officer. This technology combines speed sensing
technology that determines the speed of a vehicle and records that data,
allowing for the production of an image of a motor vehicle when it
exceeds the speed limit This, in turn, allows for the imposition of
monetary liability on the owners of these motor vehicles.

Data has shown that there has been a 60% drop in speeding infractions in
locations where speed safety cameras have been installed in the State,
and over one million infractions were issued to motorists speeding near
schools. This bill expands this program so that more schools, and the
students who attend them, can benefit from the enhanced safety that is
associated with having speed cameras nearby.  Placing the lives, health
and safety of vulnerable school children at risk by motorists who speed
or illegally pass stopped school buses cannot be tolerated, and this
bill will authorize the use of additional enforcement tools to deter
this type of aggressive, unacceptable driving.

 
PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

New legislation.

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS FOR STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:

Undetermined.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect immediately; provided that sections one
through four of this act shall expire and be deemed repealed 4 years
after such effective date when upon such date the provisions of sections
one through four of this act shall be deemed repealed; and provided
further that the amendments to section 1180-b of the vehicle and traffic
law made by sections five, six, seven and eight of this act shall not
affect the repeal of such section and shall be deemed repealed there-
with; and provided further that the amendments to paragraph 2 of subdi-
vision (a) of section 1180-b of the vehicle and traffic law made by
section six of this act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after
this act shall have become a law; and provided further that sections
twelve through twenty-four of this act shall take effect on the thirti-
eth day after it shall have become a law and shall expire 4 years after
such effective date when upon such date the provisions of sections
twelve through twenty-four of this act shall be deemed repealed; and
provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation of this
act on its effective date shall be promulgated on or before such effec-
tive date,

2017-S9031 (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

                            
 
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   9031
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                               June 14, 2018
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sen. PERALTA -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
   printed to be committed to the Committee on Rules
 
 AN ACT to amend the education law and the vehicle and  traffic  law,  in
   relation  to authorizing the installation and use of safety cameras on
   school buses for the purpose of monitoring overtaking  and passing  of
   school  bus  violations;  to  amend  the  vehicle  and traffic law, in
   relation to photo speed violation monitoring systems in  school  speed
   zones  in  the  city  of  New York; to amend chapter 43 of the laws of
   2014, amending the vehicle and traffic law, the  public  officers  law
   and  the general municipal law relating to photo speed violation moni-
   toring systems in school speed zones in  the  city  of  New  York,  in
   relation to making technical corrections thereto; to amend chapter 189
   of  the  laws  of  2013,  amending the vehicle and traffic law and the
   public officers law relating to establishing in a city  with  a  popu-
   lation  of  one  million  or more a demonstration program implementing
   speed violation monitoring systems in school speed zones by  means  of
   photo  devices, in relation to the effectiveness thereof; to amend the
   vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,  in  relation  to
   establishing in the city of Buffalo a demonstration program implement-
   ing  speed violation monitoring systems in school speed zones by means
   of photo devices; and providing for the repeal of  certain  provisions
   upon expiration thereof
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. Legislative findings  and  intent.  The  transportation  of
 school  children  to  and  from  school is an important component of the
 state's obligation to ensure adequate support of a public school  system
 for  the  education  of  all  children of the State. Safely transporting
 students to and from school is necessary to afford all children  of  the
 State  an  education.    School  bus cameras and speed cameras in school
 zones contribute to students'  safety  and  reduce  unnecessary  dangers
 students  face  when  travelling to school. Furthermore, high population
 cities in New York have more students living in close proximity  to  the
 students'  schools,  so  the use of photo enforcement to deter motorists
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets

                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD16291-02-8

 S. 9031                             2
 
 from passing stopped school buses and speeding in school zones helps  to
 ensure that students are less at risk when walking or riding to and from
 school.  Therefore,  the  legislature  finds  and  declares that it is a
 substantial  state  concern, with an impact well beyond a single munici-
 pality, to ensure safe access  to  schools  through  the  use  of  photo
 enforcement as provided in this act.
   §  2.  Section  1604  of  the education law is amended by adding a new
 subdivision 43 to read as follows:
   43. TO PASS, IN THE DISCRETION OF THE TRUSTEES, A RESOLUTION AUTHORIZ-
 ING THE USE OF SCHOOL BUS CAMERAS PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTEEN  OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE TRUSTEES MAY
 ALSO ENTER INTO CONTRACTS WITH  A  THIRD  PARTY  FOR  THE  INSTALLATION,
 ADMINISTRATION,  OPERATION,  NOTICE  PROCESSING, AND MAINTENANCE OF SUCH
 CAMERAS, AND FOR THE SHARING OF REVENUE DERIVED FROM SUCH CAMERAS PURSU-
 ANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTEEN OF THE VEHICLE AND  TRAFFIC  LAW,
 PROVIDED  THAT  THE PURCHASE, LEASE, INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTE-
 NANCE, OR ANY OTHER COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH  SUCH  CAMERAS  SHALL  NOT  BE
 CONSIDERED  AN  AIDABLE  EXPENSE  PURSUANT TO SECTION THIRTY-SIX HUNDRED
 TWENTY-THREE-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 3. Section 1709 of the education law is  amended  by  adding  a  new
 subdivision 43 to read as follows:
   43.  TO PASS A RESOLUTION, IN THE DISCRETION OF THE BOARD, AUTHORIZING
 THE USE OF SCHOOL BUS CAMERAS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGH-
 TEEN  OF  THE  VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE BOARD MAY ALSO
 ENTER INTO CONTRACTS WITH A THIRD PARTY FOR THE  INSTALLATION,  ADMINIS-
 TRATION,  OPERATION, NOTICE PROCESSING, AND MAINTENANCE OF SUCH CAMERAS,
 AND FOR THE SHARING OF REVENUE DERIVED FROM  SUCH  CAMERAS  PURSUANT  TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTEEN OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED
 THAT  THE  PURCHASE,  LEASE, INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, OR
 ANY OTHER COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH SUCH CAMERAS SHALL NOT BE CONSIDERED  AN
 AIDABLE EXPENSE PURSUANT TO SECTION THIRTY-SIX HUNDRED TWENTY-THREE-A OF
 THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4.  The  vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
 1118 to read as follows:
   § 1118. OWNER LIABILITY FOR OPERATOR ILLEGALLY OVERTAKING OR PASSING A
 SCHOOL BUS. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY  OTHER  PROVISION  OF  LAW,  EACH
 BOARD OF EDUCATION OR TRUSTEES OF A SCHOOL DISTRICT IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED
 AND  EMPOWERED TO ADOPT AND AMEND A RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING A SCHOOL BUS
 SAFETY CAMERA PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY  ON  THE  OWNER  OF  A
 VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF THIS TITLE. SUCH PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER A BOARD
 OF EDUCATION OR SCHOOL DISTRICT OR SCHOOL BUS TRANSPORTATION  CONTRACTOR
 THAT  HAS  CONTRACTED  WITH  SUCH SCHOOL DISTRICT TO  INSTALL SCHOOL BUS
 SAFETY CAMERAS UPON SCHOOL BUSES OPERATED BY  OR  CONTRACTED  WITH  SUCH
 DISTRICT.
   2. SUCH PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES TO ENSURE, TO THE
 EXTENT  PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS PRODUCED BY SUCH SCHOOL BUS SAFETY
 CAMERAS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY THE DRIVER,  THE  PASSEN-
 GERS,  OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT NO NOTICE
 OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE  DISMISSED  SOLELY
 BECAUSE  A PHOTOGRAPH OR PHOTOGRAPHS ALLOW FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE
 CONTENTS OF A VEHICLE, PROVIDED THAT SUCH SCHOOL  DISTRICT  HAS  MADE  A
 REASONABLE EFFORT TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH.
   (B)  IN ANY SCHOOL DISTRICT WHICH HAS ADOPTED A RESOLUTION PURSUANT TO
 SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE  LIABLE
 FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO  THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED

 S. 9031                             3
 
 OR  OPERATED  WITH  THE  PERMISSION OF THE OWNER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF
 THIS TITLE, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM
 A  SCHOOL BUS SAFETY CAMERA; PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE
 SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE
 OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING  VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE.
   (C)  FOR  PURPOSES  OF  THIS  SECTION,  "OWNER" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING
 PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS CHAPTER. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION,
 "SCHOOL BUS SAFETY CAMERA" SHALL  MEAN  AN  AUTOMATED  PHOTO  MONITORING
 DEVICE  AFFIXED  TO THE OUTSIDE OF A SCHOOL BUS AND DESIGNATED TO DETECT
 AND STORE ONE OR MORE IMAGES OF MOTOR VEHICLES  THAT  OVERTAKE  OR  PASS
 SCHOOL  BUSES  IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE.
   (D) NO SCHOOL DISTRICT OR SCHOOL BUS  TRANSPORTATION  CONTRACTOR  THAT
 HAS  INSTALLED  CAMERAS PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL ACCESS THE IMAGES
 FROM SUCH CAMERAS BUT SHALL PROVIDE, PURSUANT TO AN AGREEMENT  WITH  THE
 APPROPRIATE  LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY OR AGENCIES, FOR THE PROPER HANDLING
 AND CUSTODY OF SUCH IMAGES FOR THE FORWARDING OF SUCH IMAGES  FROM  SUCH
 CAMERAS  TO  A LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY HAVING JURISDICTION IN THE AREA IN
 WHICH THE VIOLATION  OCCURRED  FOR  THE  PURPOSE  OF  IMPOSING  MONETARY
 LIABILITY  ON  THE  OWNER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE FOR ILLEGALLY OVERTAKING OR
 PASSING A SCHOOL BUS IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  TITLE.  AFTER  RECEIPT OF SUCH IMAGES A
 POLICE  OFFICER  SHALL  INSPECT  SUCH  IMAGES  TO  DETERMINE  WHETHER  A
 VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF
 THIS TITLE WAS COMMITTED. UPON SUCH A FINDING A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR
 AFFIRMED BY AN OFFICER OF SUCH AGENCY, OR  A  FACSIMILE  THEREOF,  BASED
 UPON  INSPECTION  OF  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS  OR  OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGES PRODUCED BY A SCHOOL BUS SAFETY  CAMERA,  SHALL  BE  PRIMA  FACIE
 EVIDENCE  OF  THE  FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES EVIDENCING SUCH  A  VIOLATION  SHALL  BE
 AVAILABLE  FOR  INSPECTION IN ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY
 FOR SUCH VIOLATION.
   (E) AN OWNER FOUND LIABLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION FOR A VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE
 SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A MONETARY PENALTY OF TWO HUNDRED FIFTY DOLLARS.
   (E-1) PAYMENT OF THE MONETARY PENALTY IMPOSED BY  SUBDIVISION  (E)  OF
 THIS  SECTION  SHALL  BE PAYABLE TO THE MUNICIPALITY WHERE THE VIOLATION
 OCCURRED, PROVIDED HOWEVER, THE SCHOOL DISTRICT SHALL BE ENTITLED  TO  A
 PORTION  OF  THE  MONETARY  PENALTY  THAT  EQUALS THE COST TO THE SCHOOL
 DISTRICT OF PURCHASING AND MAINTAINING THE CAMERAS. NOTHING HEREIN SHALL
 PREVENT THE MUNICIPALITY FROM ENTERING INTO A MEMORANDUM OF  UNDERSTAND-
 ING  WITH  THE  SCHOOL  DISTRICT TO RETURN AN ADDITIONAL PORTION OF SUCH
 PENALTY RECEIVED TO THE SCHOOL DISTRICT.
   (F) AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE  DEEMED
 A  CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR AND SHALL NOT BE MADE PART OF THE OPERATING
 RECORD OF THE PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT BE
 USED FOR INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE  INSURANCE
 COVERAGE.
   (G)  1.  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  SHALL BE SENT BY THE RESPECTIVE LAW
 ENFORCEMENT AGENCY BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO  EACH  PERSON  ALLEGED  TO  BE
 LIABLE  AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE PURSUANT TO  THIS  SECTION.  PERSONAL
 DELIVERY  ON  THE  OWNER  SHALL  NOT  BE REQUIRED. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC

 S. 9031                             4
 
 RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS  SHALL  BE
 PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN.
   2.  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (A)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE PURSUANT TO
 THIS SECTION, THE REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VEHICLE  INVOLVED  IN  SUCH
 VIOLATION,  THE  LOCATION  WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK PLACE, THE DATE AND
 TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION AND THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE CAMERA WHICH
 RECORDED THE VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR NUMBER.
   3. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY  SHALL  CONTAIN  INFORMATION  ADVISING  THE
 PERSON  CHARGED  OF  THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE MAY CONTEST THE
 LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  SHALL  ALSO
 CONTAIN  A WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSONS CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO CONTEST
 IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF  LIABIL-
 ITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGEMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE RESPEC-
 TIVE  LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY HAVING JURISDICTION OVER THE LOCATION WHERE
 THE VIOLATION OCCURRED.
   (H) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS  SECTION
 SHALL  BE BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION
 THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY OF THE GENERAL MUNICIPAL LAW OR, IF THERE BE NONE,
 BY THE COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OVER TRAFFIC INFRACTIONS,  EXCEPT  THAT
 ANY  CITY WHICH HAS ESTABLISHED OR DESIGNATED AN ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
 TO HEAR AND DETERMINE OWNER LIABILITY ESTABLISHED BY  THIS  ARTICLE  FOR
 FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH TRAFFIC-CONTROL INDICATIONS SHALL USE SUCH TRIBU-
 NAL TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY IMPOSED BY THIS SECTION.
   (I)  IF  AN  OWNER  RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE WAS REPORTED  TO  A
 POLICE  DEPARTMENT AS HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO
 AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION  THAT
 THE  VEHICLE HAD BEEN REPORTED TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME
 THE VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD NOT BEEN  RECOVERED  BY  SUCH  TIME.  FOR
 PURPOSES  OF ASSERTING THE DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION IT SHALL
 BE SUFFICIENT THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON  THE  STOLEN
 VEHICLE  BE  SENT  BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU,
 COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OR PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (J) WHERE THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON  OWNERS  PURSUANT
 TO  THIS  SECTION  IS  BY AN ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL, TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS
 BUREAU, OR A COURT HAVING JURISDICTION, AN OWNER WHO IS A  LESSOR  OF  A
 VEHICLE  TO  WHICH A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVI-
 SION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
 VISION (A)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  TITLE,
 PROVIDED  THAT  HE  OR SHE SENDS TO THE ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL, TRAFFIC
 VIOLATIONS BUREAU, OR COURT HAVING JURISDICTION A COPY  OF  THE  RENTAL,
 LEASE  OR OTHER SUCH CONTRACT DOCUMENT COVERING SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE
 OF THE VIOLATION, WITH THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE CLEARLY  LEGI-
 BLE,  WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OR
 COURT OF THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER  WITH  THE  OTHER
 INFORMATION  CONTAINED  IN  THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY. FAILURE TO
 SEND SUCH INFORMATION WITHIN SUCH THIRTY-SEVEN  DAY  TIME  PERIOD  SHALL
 RENDER  THE  OWNER  LIABLE  FOR  THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED BY THIS SECTION.
 WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS  OF  THIS  PARAGRAPH,  THE
 LESSEE  OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO
 BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES  OF  THIS  SECTION,  SHALL  BE
 SUBJECT  TO  LIABILITY  FOR  THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION

 S. 9031                             5
 
 ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE PURSUANT TO THIS  SECTION  AND
 SHALL  BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS
 SECTION.
   (K)  1.  IF  THE  OWNER  LIABLE  FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  TITLE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION  WAS  NOT  THE  OPERATOR  OF  THE  VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME OF THE
 VIOLATION, THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION  AGAINST
 THE OPERATOR.
   2.  NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF A
 VEHICLE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO A MONETARY FINE  IMPOSED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
 OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR WAS FOUND TO HAVE
 BEEN  OVERTAKING  OR PASSING A SCHOOL BUS. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVI-
 SION THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE  WAS
 OPERATING  SUCH  VEHICLE  WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH
 OPERATOR WAS FOUND TO HAVE BEEN OVERTAKING OR PASSING A SCHOOL BUS.
   (L) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE  LIABILITY
 OF  AN  OPERATOR  OF  A  VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE.
   (M) IN ANY SCHOOL DISTRICT WHICH ADOPTS A  SCHOOL  BUS  SAFETY  CAMERA
 PROGRAM  PURSUANT  TO  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF  THIS  SECTION,  SUCH SCHOOL
 DISTRICT SHALL SUBMIT AN ANNUAL REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF  ITS
 SCHOOL  BUS  SAFETY  CAMERAS TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF
 THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY ON OR BEFORE JUNE FIRST,  TWO
 THOUSAND  NINETEEN AND ON THE SAME DATE IN EACH SUCCEEDING YEAR IN WHICH
 THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IS OPERABLE. SUCH REPORT  SHALL  INCLUDE,  BUT
 NOT BE LIMITED TO:
   1.  A  DESCRIPTION  OF THE NUMBER OF BUSES AND ROUTES WHERE SCHOOL BUS
 SAFETY CAMERAS WERE USED;
   2. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER OF ANNUAL INCIDENTS OF VIOLATIONS OF  SUBDIVI-
 SION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS TITLE WITHIN THE
 DISTRICTS;
   3.  THE  NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SCHOOL BUS SAFETY CAMERAS IN
 THE AGGREGATE AND ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   4. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF NOTICES  OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  FOR  VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   5.  THE  NUMBER  OF  FINES  AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER FIRST
 NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   6. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND RESULTS  OF  SUCH  ADJUDI-
 CATIONS   INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS  OF  DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR  VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   7. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY SUCH SCHOOL  DISTRICT  FROM
 SUCH ADJUDICATIONS;
   8.  EXPENSES  INCURRED  BY SUCH SCHOOL DISTRICT IN CONNECTION WITH THE
 PROGRAM; AND
   9. QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS.
   (N) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
 VISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  TITLE  THAT
 SUCH  SCHOOL  BUS  SAFETY CAMERAS WERE MALFUNCTIONING AT THE TIME OF THE
 ALLEGED VIOLATION.
   § 5. Paragraph 1 of subdivision (a) of section 1180-b of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by  chapter  43 of the laws of 2014, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the city of New York is
 hereby authorized to establish a demonstration program imposing monetary
 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator  thereof

 S. 9031                             6
 
 to comply with posted maximum speed limits in a school speed zone within
 [the]  SUCH  city (i) when a school speed limit is in effect as provided
 in paragraphs one and two of subdivision (c) of section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this article or (ii) when other speed limits are in effect as
 provided in subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of  this  article during the following times: (A) on school days
 during school hours and one hour before and one hour  after  the  school
 day,  and (B) a period during student activities at the school and up to
 thirty minutes immediately before and up to thirty  minutes  immediately
 after  such student activities. Such demonstration program shall empower
 the city OF NEW YORK to install photo speed violation monitoring systems
 within no more than [one hundred forty] TWO HUNDRED NINETY school  speed
 zones within [the] SUCH city at any one time and to operate such systems
 within  such  zones  (iii)  when  a  school  speed limit is in effect as
 provided in paragraphs one and two of subdivision (c) of section  eleven
 hundred  eighty  of  this article or (iv) when other speed limits are in
 effect as provided in subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this article during the following times: (A) on school
 days during school hours and one hour before  and  one  hour  after  the
 school day, and (B) a period during student activities at the school and
 up  to  thirty minutes immediately before and up to thirty minutes imme-
 diately after such student activities.  In selecting a school speed zone
 in which to install and  operate  a  photo  speed  violation  monitoring
 system,  the city OF NEW YORK shall consider criteria including, but not
 limited to, the speed data, crash  history,  and  the  roadway  geometry
 applicable  to  such  school  speed zone. SUCH CITY SHALL PRIORITIZE THE
 PLACEMENT OF PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS  IN  SCHOOL  SPEED
 ZONES BASED UPON SPEED DATA OR THE CRASH HISTORY OF A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE.
 A  PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE INSTALLED OR
 OPERATED ON A  CONTROLLED-ACCESS  HIGHWAY  EXIT  RAMP  OR  WITHIN  THREE
 HUNDRED  FEET  ALONG  A  HIGHWAY  THAT CONTINUES FROM THE END OF A CONT-
 ROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAY EXIT RAMP.
   § 6. Paragraph 2 of subdivision (a) of section 1180-b of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as added by chapter 189 of the laws of 2013, is amended
 to read as follows:
   2.  No  photo  speed  violation  monitoring  system shall be used in a
 school speed zone unless (i) on the day it is to be used it has success-
 fully passed a self-test of its functions; and (ii) it has undergone  an
 annual  calibration  check  performed pursuant to paragraph four of this
 subdivision. The city [may] SHALL install signs  giving  notice  that  a
 photo  speed  violation  monitoring  system  is  in use to be mounted on
 advance warning signs notifying APPROACHING motor vehicle  operators  of
 such  upcoming  school speed zone and/or on speed limit signs applicable
 within such school speed zone, in conformance with standards established
 in the MUTCD. SUCH ADVANCE WARNING  SIGNS  SHALL  ALSO,  TO  THE  EXTENT
 AUTHORIZED  BY  THE MUTCD, CONTAIN THE WORDS "SPEED CAMERA AHEAD" AND BE
 NO MORE THAN THREE HUNDRED FEET FROM SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITOR-
 ING SYSTEM.
   § 7. Paragraph 4 of subdivision (c) of section 1180-b of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as added by chapter 189 of the laws of 2013, is amended
 to read as follows:
   4.  "school speed zone" shall mean a RADIAL distance not to exceed one
 thousand three hundred twenty feet [on a highway passing] FROM a  school
 building, entrance, or exit [of a school abutting on the highway].

 S. 9031                             7
 
   § 8. Subdivision (n) of section 1180-b of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as  added  by  chapter  189  of  the laws of 2013, is amended to read as
 follows:
   (n) If the city adopts a demonstration program pursuant to subdivision
 [one]  (A)  of  this  section it shall conduct a study and submit [a] AN
 ANNUAL report on the results of the use of photo devices to  the  gover-
 nor, the temporary president of the senate and the speaker of the assem-
 bly  ON OR BEFORE JUNE FIRST, TWO THOUSAND NINETEEN AND ON THE SAME DATE
 IN EACH SUCCEEDING YEAR IN WHICH THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IS  OPERABLE.
 Such report shall include:
   1. the locations where and dates when photo speed violation monitoring
 systems were used;
   2.  the  aggregate  number,  type and severity of crashes, fatalities,
 injuries and property damage reported  within  all  school  speed  zones
 within  the  city,  to  the  extent the information is maintained by the
 department of motor vehicles of this state;
   3. the aggregate number, type and  severity  of  crashes,  fatalities,
 injuries  and  property  damage reported within school speed zones where
 photo speed violation monitoring systems were used, to  the  extent  the
 information  is  maintained  by the department of motor vehicles of this
 state;
   4. the number of violations recorded within  all  school  speed  zones
 within the city, in the aggregate on a daily, weekly and monthly basis;
   5.  the  number  of  violations recorded within each school speed zone
 where a photo speed violation monitoring system is used, in  the  aggre-
 gate on a daily, weekly and monthly basis;
   6.  the  number  of  violations recorded within all school speed zones
 within the city that were:
   (i) more than ten but not more than twenty miles  per  hour  over  the
 posted speed limit;
   (ii) more than twenty but not more than thirty miles per hour over the
 posted speed limit;
   (iii) more than thirty but not more than forty miles per hour over the
 posted speed limit; and
   (iv) more than forty miles per hour over the posted speed limit;
   7.  the  number  of  violations recorded within each school speed zone
 where a photo speed violation monitoring system is used that were:
   (i) more than ten but not more than twenty miles  per  hour  over  the
 posted speed limit;
   (ii) more than twenty but not more than thirty miles per hour over the
 posted speed limit;
   (iii) more than thirty but not more than forty miles per hour over the
 posted speed limit; and
   (iv) more than forty miles per hour over the posted speed limit;
   8.  the  total  number  of  notices of liability issued for violations
 recorded by such systems;
   9. the number of fines and total amount of fines paid after the  first
 notice of liability issued for violations recorded by such systems;
   10. the number of violations adjudicated and the results of such adju-
 dications  including  breakdowns  of  dispositions  made  for violations
 recorded by such systems;
   11. the total amount of revenue realized by  the  city  in  connection
 with the program;
   12.  the expenses incurred by the city in connection with the program;
 [and]
   13. the quality of the adjudication process and its results; AND

 S. 9031                             8
 
   14. THE EFFECTIVENESS AND ADEQUACY OF THE HOURS OF OPERATION FOR  SUCH
 PROGRAM TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT ON SPEEDING VIOLATIONS AND PREVENTION OF
 CRASHES.
   §  9. The opening paragraph of section 12 of chapter 43 of the laws of
 2014, amending the vehicle and traffic law, the public officers law  and
 the  general  municipal law relating to photo speed violation monitoring
 systems in school speed zones in the city of New  York,  is  amended  to
 read as follows:
   This  act  shall  take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall have
 become a law [and]; PROVIDED THAT SECTIONS ONE THROUGH TEN OF  THIS  ACT
 shall  expire  4 years after such effective date when upon such date the
 provisions of SUCH SECTIONS OF this act shall be  deemed  repealed;  and
 provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation of this
 act  on its effective date shall be promulgated on or before such effec-
 tive date, provided that:
   § 10. The opening paragraph of section 15 of chapter 189 of  the  laws
 of  2013,  amending  the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers
 law relating to establishing in a city with a population of one  million
 or  more a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring
 systems in school speed zones by means of photo devices, is  amended  to
 read as follows:
   This  act  shall  take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall have
 become a law and shall expire [5 years after such  effective  date  when
 upon  such date the provisions of this act shall] AND be deemed repealed
 JULY 1, 2022; and provided further that  any  rules  necessary  for  the
 implementation of this act on its effective date shall be promulgated on
 or before such effective date, provided that:
   §  11.  Photo speed violation monitoring systems within the additional
 150 school speed zones authorized for the city of New York by  paragraph
 1  of  subdivision (a) of section 1180-b of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section one  of  this  act,  shall  be  authorized  to  be
 installed  over  the  3 year period following the effective date of this
 act as follows:
   (a) in no more than 50 school speed zones during the first such year;
   (b) in no more than 50 additional school speed zones during the second
 such year; and
   (c) in no more than 50 additional school speed zones during the  third
 such year.
   §  12. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 1 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is  amended  to
 read as follows:
   1.  Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special
 or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any  city  which
 heretofore  or  hereafter  is  authorized to establish an administrative
 tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti-
 tuting parking, standing or stopping violations, or  to  adjudicate  the
 liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two  of  the  laws  of  two  thousand  nine, or to adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for

 S. 9031                             9
 
 violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  or  to  adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty,  or  to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  for  violations  of  bus  lane
 restrictions as defined in subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of such
 section,  or  to  adjudicate  the  liability of owners for violations of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY
 OF  OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,
 such  tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 12-a. Section 235 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1-a  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord-
 ance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus
 lane restrictions as defined in  such  section,  or  to  adjudicate  the
 liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE
 LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR
 (G)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal  and  the
 rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 12-b. Section 235 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1-b  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:

 S. 9031                            10
 
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of  the  laws  of
 two  thousand  nine,  or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners for
 violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
 sion  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or  to  adjudicate
 the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as
 defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand
 nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law and sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or  to  adjudicate  liability  of
 owners  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap-
 ter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such  section,
 or  to  adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,
 OR  TO  ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,
 such  tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 12-c. Section 235 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1-c  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord-
 ance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus
 lane restrictions as defined in  such  section,  or  to  adjudicate  the
 liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE
 LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR
 (G)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH

 S. 9031                            11
 
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal  and  the
 rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  12-d.  Section  235  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
 section 1-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and  in  accord-
 ance  with  the  provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty,  or  to adjudicate liability of owners for violations of
 subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this  chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
 OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER,
 such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall  be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  12-e.  Section  235  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
 section 1-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and  in  accord-
 ance  with  the  provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty,  OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,  such  tribunal  and  the  rules  and  regulations
 pertaining  thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with
 the following sections.
   § 12-f. Section 235 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1-f  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:

 S. 9031                            12
 
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of toll collection regulations as defined in
 and in accordance with the  provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine
 hundred   eighty-five   of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF
 OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and
 regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in substantial
 conformance with the following sections.
   § 12-g. Section 235 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by  chapter 715 of the laws of 1972 and chapter 379 of the laws
 of 1992, is amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for  violations  of  toll  collection
 regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance with the provisions of
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO  ADJU-
 DICATE  THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such
 tribunal and the rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  13. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is  amended  to
 read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-a of  this  chapter  or
 subdivisions  (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  such section eleven hundred
 eleven-a, sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections  sixteen
 of  chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thou-
 sand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of
 toll collection regulations as defined in and  in  accordance  with  the

 S. 9031                            13
 
 provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
 of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty  and  shall  adjudicate  liability  of  owners  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for  violations  of  bus
 lane  restrictions  as  defined in such section and shall adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or
 (g)  of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE
 LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR
 (G)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. Such  tribunal,  except
 in  a  city  with  a  population of one million or more, shall also have
 jurisdiction of abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes  of  this
 article,  a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regu-
 lation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing  of
 a  vehicle.  In  addition  for  purposes of this article, "commissioner"
 shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of  the  city  or  an
 official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   §  13-a.  Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 2-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended
 to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivisions  (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with such sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of  chapters  twenty,  twenty-one,
 and  twenty-two  of  the  laws  of  two  thousand nine or section eleven
 hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred eleven-e; and  shall  adjudi-
 cate  liability  of  owners  in  accordance  with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter for violations  of  bus  lane  restrictions  as
 defined  in  such  section  and shall adjudicate liability of owners for
 violations of subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred  eighty
 of  this  chapter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
 this chapter AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER.   For the  purposes  of  this  article,  a  parking
 violation  is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for
 or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle.  In  addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the  commissioner  of  traffic  of  the  city  or an official possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   § 13-b. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as amended by section 2-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended
 to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a

 S. 9031                            14
 
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  shall  adjudicate
 liability  of  owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c
 of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions  as  defined  in
 such   section;  and  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b  of  this chapter; AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS
 FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEV-
 EN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER.  For the purposes of this article, a
 parking violation is the  violation  of  any  law,  rule  or  regulation
 providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehi-
 cle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean
 and  include  the  commissioner  of  traffic  of the city or an official
 possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   § 13-c. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as amended by section 2-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended
 to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and,  where  authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a)
 of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction
 of traffic infractions which constitute a parking  violation  and  shall
 adjudicate  the  liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  AND
 SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER.
 For  the  purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation
 of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,
 stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
 sioner.
   §  13-d.  Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 2-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended
 to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to  subdivision  (a)
 of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction
 of  traffic  infractions  which constitute a parking violation AND SHALL
 ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.  For
 the purposes of this article, a parking violation is  the  violation  of
 any  law,  rule  or  regulation providing for or regulating the parking,
 stopping or standing of a vehicle. In  addition  for  purposes  of  this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic  of  the  city or an official possessing authority as such a commis-
 sioner.

 S. 9031                            15
 
   § 13-e. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as amended by section 2-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended
 to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction
 of  traffic  infractions  which constitute a parking violation AND SHALL
 ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. For the
 purposes  of  this  article, a parking violation is the violation of any
 law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,  stop-
 ping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article,
 "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the
 city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   §  13-f.  Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as added by chapter 715 of the laws of  1972,  is  amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
 parking violation AND SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR
 VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.  For the purposes of this article,  a  parking
 violation  is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for
 or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle.  In  addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the  commissioner  of  traffic  of  the  city  or an official possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   § 14. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by  adding
 a new subdivision 16 to read as follows:
   16.  TO  ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI-
 SION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF  THIS
 CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAP-
 TER.
   §  15.  Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision  nine  of  section two hundred thirty-seven of this article,
 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
 to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred  eleven-a  of  this
 chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by
 sections  sixteen  of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the
 laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred  eleven-d  of  this
 chapter,  or  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, and shall
 not be deemed to include  a  notice  of  liability  issued  pursuant  to
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not
 be  deemed  to  include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter  and  shall  not  be  deemed  to
 include  a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE  OF

 S. 9031                            16

 LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS
 CHAPTER.
   § 15-a. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-a of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article but
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two  of  the  laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter or section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued
 pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  and  shall
 not  be  deemed  to  include  a  notice  of liability issued pursuant to
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE  DEEMED
 TO  INCLUDE  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 15-b. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4-b of chapter 222  of  the  laws  of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter  or  to  a  notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set
 forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter and  shall  not
 be  deemed  to  include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter  and  shall  not  be  deemed  to
 include  a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS
 CHAPTER.
   § 15-c. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4-c of chapter 222  of  the  laws  of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter  or  to  a  notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set
 forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter and  shall  not
 be  deemed  to  include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter  AND  SHALL  NOT  BE  DEEMED  TO
 INCLUDE  A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 15-d. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4-d of chapter 222  of  the  laws  of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter  or  to  a  notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set
 forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter AND  SHALL  NOT

 S. 9031                            17
 
 BE  DEEMED  TO  INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 15-e. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-e of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED
 PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 15-f. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic  law, as added by chapter 180 of the laws of 1980, is amended to
 read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article AND
 SHALL  NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 16. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 5 of chapter 222 of the  laws  of  2015,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
 sixteen  of  chapters  twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of
 two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter,  for  a  violation  of
 subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of
 the   public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty,  or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the
 provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section contests
 such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the
 provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter contests such  allegation,  OR  A  PERSON
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date
 on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at  a  hearing.  The
 form  and  content  of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the
 director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person  so  pleading
 or  contesting  that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any
 subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an  admission  of  liability,
 and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of  this  chapter  or
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of  the  laws  of

 S. 9031                            18
 
 two  thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  an  allegation  of
 liability  in  accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five  of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty  or an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  OR  AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion
 and  a  hearing  upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been
 held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty  to  that
 person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 16-a. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic  law,  as amended by section 5-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters  a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this  chapter  as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter, or a person  alleged  to  be  liable  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions  of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section  contests
 such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the
 provisions  of  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this chapter for
 violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (C),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the  date
 on  which  he  or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The
 form and content of such notice of hearing shall be  prescribed  by  the
 director,  and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading
 or contesting that failure to appear on the date designated, or  on  any
 subsequent  adjourned  date,  shall be deemed an admission of liability,
 and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a
 person  in  a  timely  fashion  and  a  hearing upon the merits has been
 demanded, but has not yet been held, the  bureau  shall  not  issue  any
 notice  of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hear-
 ing.

 S. 9031                            19
 
   § 16-b. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as amended by section 5-b of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in
 accordance with the provisions of section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of
 this  chapter  for  a  violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in
 such section, contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this  chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such  allegation,
 OR  A  PERSON  ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF  THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY
 OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall  advise  such
 person  personally  by such form of first class mail as the director may
 direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer  the  charge
 at  a  hearing.  The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be
 prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning  to  advise  the
 person  so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on
 any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission  of  liabil-
 ity, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a
 person  in  a  timely  fashion  and  a  hearing upon the merits has been
 demanded, but has not yet been held, the  bureau  shall  not  issue  any
 notice  of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hear-
 ing.
   § 16-c. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as amended by section 5-c of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be  liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or a
 person  alleged  to  be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter
 for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev-
 en  hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (C),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the  date
 on  which  he  or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The
 form and content of such notice of hearing shall be  prescribed  by  the
 director,  and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading
 that failure to appear on the date  designated,  or  on  any  subsequent

 S. 9031                            20
 
 adjourned  date,  shall  be deemed an admission of liability, and that a
 default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter,  or
 the  bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or the bureau
 has been notified that an allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hear-
 ing  upon  the  merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the
 bureau shall not issue any notice of fine  or  penalty  to  that  person
 prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 16-d. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic  law,  as amended by section 5-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such alle-
 gation,  OR  A  PERSON  ALLEGED  TO  BE  LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE WITH THE
 PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A
 VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  CONTESTS  SUCH  ALLEGATION,  the  bureau
 shall  advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as
 the director may direct of the date on which he or she  must  appear  to
 answer  the  charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of
 hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning
 to advise the person so pleading that failure  to  appear  on  the  date
 designated,  or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, is
 being contested, or the bureau has been notified that an  allegation  of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person  in  a
 timely  fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has
 not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue  any  notice  of  fine  or
 penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 16-e. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic  law,  as amended by section 5-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH  THE  PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER
 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the
 bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of  first  class
 mail  as  the  director  may  direct of the date on which he or she must

 S. 9031                            21
 
 appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content  of  such
 notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain
 a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the
 date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter,  OR
 AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person  in  a  timely
 fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet
 been  held,  the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to
 that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 16-f. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, subdivision 1 as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972,  and
 subdivision 1-a as added by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
 to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE  LIABLE
 IN  ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF
 THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH  ALLEGATION,
 the  bureau  shall  advise  such person personally by such form of first
 class mail as the director may direct of  the  date  on  which  he  must
 appear  to  answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such
 notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain
 a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the
 date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER IS
 BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon  the
 merits  has  been  demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall
 not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
 of the hearing.
   § 17. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the  vehi-
 cle  and traffic law, as amended by section 6 of chapter 222 of the laws
 of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an
 allegation of liability in accordance with  section  two  thousand  nine
 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this  chapter,  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a  hearing

 S. 9031                            22
 
 examiner  in  accordance  with  rules and regulations promulgated by the
 bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter is
 contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this
 chapter  is  contested  or of a hearing at which liability in accordance
 with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author-
 ities law or sections sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter
 seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the  laws of nineteen hundred fifty is
 contested or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with  section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or OF a hearing at which liabil-
 ity  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
 OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be
 used for the making of the record.
   § 17-a. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2  of  section  240  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-a of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an
 allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  shall  be  held  before  a hearing examiner in accordance with
 rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance with  sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this chapter or OF a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR OF A  HEAR-
 ING  AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for  the
 making of the record.
   §  17-b.  Paragraphs  a  and  g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-b of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this
 chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  OR  AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN

 S. 9031                            23
 
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER shall be
 held  before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations
 promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability  in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or of a hear-
 ing at  which  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this chapter or OF a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR OF A  HEAR-
 ING  AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested.  Recording devices may be used for the
 making of the record.
   § 17-c. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2  of  section  240  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-c of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this
 chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner
 in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability  in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or OF a hear-
 ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-b  of  this  chapter  OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  is  contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   §  17-d.  Paragraphs  a  and  g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-d of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules
 and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter is contested or a hearing at which liability in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR A
 HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for
 the making of the record.
   §  17-e.  Paragraphs  a  and  g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-e of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  shall  be  held

 S. 9031                            24

 before  a  hearing  examiner  in  accordance  with rules and regulations
 promulgated by the bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  is  contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   §  17-f.  Paragraphs  a  and  g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the  laws  of  1972,
 are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held  before  a  hearing  examiner  in
 accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR A
 HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER.  Recording devices may be used for the making
 of the record.
   § 18. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle  and  traffic
 law,  as  amended  by  section 7 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine  either
 the  prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of liabilities
 incurred in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-a  of  this
 chapter  or  in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two of the laws of  two  thousand  nine  or  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or the record of liabil-
 ities incurred in accordance with  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the
 laws  of  nineteen hundred fifty of the person charged, or the record of
 liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-c
 of  this  chapter,  or  the record of liabilities incurred in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR IN  THE  RECORD
 OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  OF  THE  PERSON  CHARGED, as applicable prior to
 rendering a final  determination.  Final  determinations  sustaining  or
 dismissing  charges shall be entered on a final determination roll main-
 tained by the bureau together with records showing payment  and  nonpay-
 ment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance
 with sections eleven hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter  as  added  by
 sections  sixteen  of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the
 laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this  chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of  liability
 in  accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter seven hundred seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with

 S. 9031                            25
 
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to contest an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails
 to  appear  on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or
 fails after a hearing to comply with  the  determination  of  a  hearing
 examiner,  as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the
 bureau, such failure to plead or contest,  appear  or  comply  shall  be
 deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds
 for  rendering  and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by
 the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after  the  expiration
 of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default
 judgment  may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the
 applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form
 of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of  the  violation
 charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a
 of  this  chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b
 of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twenty,  twen-
 ty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged or  liabil-
 ity  in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b   and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty alleged or liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2)
 of the impending default  judgment,  (3)  that  such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  contesting
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or
 contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section two
 thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or
 sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of nineteen  hundred  fifty  or  contesting  an
 allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter OR
 CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an appear-
 ance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and
 allegations  contested  within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
 prescribed  in  the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or  owners  who
 are  non-residents  of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
 judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of  impending  default
 judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time

 S. 9031                            26
 
 prescribed for entering a plea  or  contesting  an  allegation.  When  a
 person  has  demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for
 any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
 shall  make  a  determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she
 shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
 was originally charged.
   § 18-a. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7-a of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two of the laws of  two  thousand  nine  or  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the  person  charged,
 or  the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities  incurred
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR
 THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable
 prior to rendering a final determination.  Final determinations sustain-
 ing or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll
 maintained by the bureau  together  with  records  showing  payment  and
 nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two  of  the
 laws  of  two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or
 fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated
 hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after  a  hearing  to
 comply  with  the  determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
 this article or by rule or regulation of the  bureau,  such  failure  to
 plead,  contest,  appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and  regulations  of
 the   bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original  date
 prescribed for entering a plea and before  a  default  judgment  may  be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class  mail  as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged,
 or liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter, as added by sections sixteen of  chapters  twenty,  twenty-one,
 and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in  accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or liability in accord-
 ance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability

 S. 9031                            27
 
 in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter
 alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D
 OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that
 such  judgment  will  be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which
 the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or
 any other place provided for the entry of  civil  judgments  within  the
 state  of  New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a
 plea or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of  the  laws  of
 two  thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
 this chapter, or contesting an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropri-
 ate, or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending  of  such
 notice. Pleas entered and allegations contested within that period shall
 be  in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional
 penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall  not  be
 required  prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of opera-
 tors or owners who are non-residents of the state of  New  York.  In  no
 case  shall  a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice
 of impending default judgment be sent, more than  two  years  after  the
 expiration  of  the time prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an
 allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing,  no  fine  or  penalty
 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
 ing  them,  he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those
 upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 18-b. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7-b of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that  the  charges  have been sustained he or she may examine the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  of  the
 person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the person charged,
 or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,  OR
 THE  RECORD  OF  LIABILITIES  INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED,  as  applicable,
 prior  to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustain-
 ing or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll
 maintained by the bureau  together  with  records  showing  payment  and
 nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter, or contest an
 allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or

 S. 9031                            28
 
 fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated
 hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after  a  hearing  to
 comply  with  the  determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
 this article or by rule or regulation of the  bureau,  such  failure  to
 plead,  appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission
 of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering  a  default
 judgment  in  an  amount  provided  by  the rules and regulations of the
 bureau. However, after the expiration of the  original  date  prescribed
 for  entering  a  plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in
 such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of  law
 notify  such  operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the
 commission may direct; (1) of the violation  charged,  or  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, or
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this
 chapter,  or alleged liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter or alleged liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR ALLEGED LIABILITY IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER,  (2)  of  the
 impending  default  judgment,  (3) that such judgment will be entered in
 the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or
 other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place  provided  for  the
 entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  or  contesting  an  allegation  of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c  of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGA-
 TION  OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF
 THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of  the  sending
 of  such notice. Pleas entered within that period shall be in the manner
 prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who
 are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall  a  default
 judgment  be  rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
 judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time
 prescribed  for  entering a plea.  When a person has demanded a hearing,
 no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding
 of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make  a  determination  on
 the  charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty
 or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 18-c. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7-c of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this
 chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the

 S. 9031                            29

 person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  OR THE RECORD OF
 LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D
 OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering
 a  final  determination.  Final  determinations sustaining or dismissing
 charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the
 bureau together with records showing payment and  nonpayment  of  penal-
 ties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an alle-
 gation  of  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability  incurred
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR
 FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a
 designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or  fails  after  a
 hearing  to  comply  with  the  determination  of a hearing examiner, as
 prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau,  such
 failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
 the  bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original   date
 prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and before a default judgment may be
 rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
 provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of this chapter or liability in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 eighty-b  of  this  chapter  alleged,  OR  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)  of  the
 impending  default  judgment,  (3) that such judgment will be entered in
 the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or
 other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place  provided  for  the
 entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  or  contesting  an  allegation  of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance
 within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas  entered  within
 that  period  shall  be  in  the manner prescribed in the notice and not
 subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of  impending  default
 judgment  shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof
 in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of
 New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be  rendered  or,  where
 required,  a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two
 years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering  a  plea.
 When  a  person  has  demanded  a  hearing,  no fine or penalty shall be
 imposed for any reason, prior to the holding  of  the  hearing.  If  the
 hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining
 them, he shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those  upon  which
 the person was originally charged.

 S. 9031                            30
 
   § 18-d. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law,  as  amended by section 7-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities  incurred  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the
 person charged OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED,
 as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination.  Final determi-
 nations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be  entered  on  a  final
 determination  roll maintained by the bureau together with records show-
 ing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an alle-
 gation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-d
 of  this  chapter  OR  CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION  OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails
 to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned  date  or
 fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
 examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
 bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
 purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering
 and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the  rules  and
 regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
 date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending
 default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil
 Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
 court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
 civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
 be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation  of  liability
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or
 contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABIL-
 ITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 or  making  an  appearance  within  thirty  days  of the sending of such
 notice.   Pleas entered within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
 prescribed  in  the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or  owners  who
 are  non-residents  of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
 judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of  impending  default
 judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time
 prescribed for entering a plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no
 fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of

 S. 9031                            31
 
 the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination  on  the
 charges,  sustaining  them,  he  shall impose no greater penalty or fine
 than those upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 18-e. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law,  as  amended by section 7-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the
 person charged OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED,
 as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final  determi-
 nations  sustaining  or  dismissing  charges shall be entered on a final
 determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records  show-
 ing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLE-
 GATION  OF  LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date
 or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the
 determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by
 rule or regulation of the bureau,  such  failure  to  plead,  appear  or
 comply  shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and
 shall be grounds for rendering and entering a  default  judgment  in  an
 amount  provided  by  the  rules and regulations of the bureau. However,
 after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
 and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case  the  bureau
 shall  pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator
 or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
 (1) of the violation charged or liability  in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)
 of  the  impending  default  judgment,  (3)  that  such judgment will be
 entered in the Civil Court of the city in  which  the  bureau  has  been
 established,  or  other  court  of civil jurisdiction or any other place
 provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New  York,
 and  (4)  that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting
 an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or
 making  an  appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice.
 Pleas entered within that period shall be in the  manner  prescribed  in
 the  notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of
 impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the  rendering
 and  entry  thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-resi-
 dents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be
 rendered  or,  where required, a notice of impending default judgment be
 sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time  prescribed
 for  entering  a plea.  When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or
 penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to  the  holding  of  the
 hearing.  If  the  hearing  examiner  shall  make a determination on the
 charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no  greater  penalty  or  fine
 than those upon which the person was originally charged.

 S. 9031                            32
 
   § 18-f. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law,  subdivision  1  as  added  by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, and
 subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
 to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that  the  charges  have  been sustained he may examine the prior
 parking violations record OR  THE  RECORD  OF  LIABILITIES  INCURRED  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER of the
 person charged, AS APPLICABLE, prior to rendering a final determination.
 Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall  be  entered
 on  a  final  determination  roll maintained by the bureau together with
 records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  OR  CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails
 to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned  date  or
 fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
 examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
 bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
 purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering
 and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the  rules  and
 regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
 date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged OR
 LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS
 CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment,  (3)  that  such
 judgment  will  be  entered  in the Civil Court of the city in which the
 bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any
 other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within  the  state
 of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea OR
 CONTESTING  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance  within  thirty
 days  of  the  sending  of such notice. Pleas entered within that period
 shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi-
 tional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default  judgment  shall
 not  be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of
 operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New  York.  In
 no  case  shall  a  default  judgment  be rendered or, where required, a
 notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years  after
 the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea. When a person
 has  demanded  a  hearing,  no  fine or penalty shall be imposed for any
 reason, prior to the holding of the hearing.  If  the  hearing  examiner
 shall  make  a  determination  on the charges, sustaining them, he shall
 impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the  person  was
 originally charged.
   §  19.  The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
 1180-d to read as follows:
   § 1180-D. OWNER LIABILITY FOR  FAILURE  OF  OPERATOR  TO  COMPLY  WITH
 CERTAIN  POSTED  MAXIMUM  SPEED LIMITS. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER
 PROVISION OF LAW, THE CITY OF BUFFALO IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED TO  ESTABLISH
 A  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A
 VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED MAXIMUM
 SPEED LIMITS IN A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE WITHIN THE CITY (I)  WHEN  A  SCHOOL

 S. 9031                            33
 
 SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPHS ONE AND TWO OF SUBDI-
 VISION (C) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN
 OTHER  SPEED  LIMITS  ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B), (D),
 (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE DURING THE
 FOLLOWING TIMES:  (A) ON SCHOOL DAYS DURING SCHOOL HOURS  AND  ONE  HOUR
 BEFORE  AND  ONE  HOUR  AFTER  THE  SCHOOL  DAY, AND (B) A PERIOD DURING
 STUDENT ACTIVITIES AT THE SCHOOL AND UP TO  THIRTY  MINUTES  IMMEDIATELY
 BEFORE  AND  UP  TO THIRTY MINUTES IMMEDIATELY AFTER SUCH STUDENT ACTIV-
 ITIES. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL  EMPOWER  THE  CITY  TO  INSTALL
 PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEMS  WITHIN NO MORE THAN TWENTY
 SCHOOL SPEED ZONES WITHIN THE CITY AT ANY ONE TIME AND TO  OPERATE  SUCH
 SYSTEMS  WITHIN  SUCH ZONES (III) WHEN A SCHOOL SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT
 AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPHS ONE AND TWO  OF  SUBDIVISION  (C)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS
 ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE DURING THE FOLLOWING TIMES: (A) ON
 SCHOOL DAYS DURING SCHOOL HOURS AND ONE HOUR BEFORE AND ONE  HOUR  AFTER
 THE SCHOOL DAY, AND (B) A PERIOD DURING STUDENT ACTIVITIES AT THE SCHOOL
 AND  UP  TO  THIRTY  MINUTES IMMEDIATELY BEFORE AND UP TO THIRTY MINUTES
 IMMEDIATELY AFTER SUCH STUDENT ACTIVITIES. IN SELECTING A  SCHOOL  SPEED
 ZONE  IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING
 SYSTEM, THE CITY SHALL CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUDING, BUT NOT  LIMITED  TO
 THE  SPEED  DATA,  CRASH HISTORY, AND THE ROADWAY GEOMETRY APPLICABLE TO
 SUCH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE.
   2. NO PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING  SYSTEM  SHALL  BE  USED  IN  A
 SCHOOL SPEED ZONE UNLESS (I) ON THE DAY IT IS TO BE USED IT HAS SUCCESS-
 FULLY  PASSED A SELF-TEST OF ITS FUNCTIONS; AND (II) IT HAS UNDERGONE AN
 ANNUAL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH  FOUR  OF  THIS
 SUBDIVISION.  THE  CITY  SHALL  INSTALL SIGNS GIVING NOTICE THAT A PHOTO
 SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS IN USE TO  BE  MOUNTED  ON  ADVANCE
 WARNING  SIGNS NOTIFYING MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATORS OF SUCH UPCOMING SCHOOL
 SPEED ZONE AND/OR ON SPEED LIMIT SIGNS  APPLICABLE  WITHIN  SUCH  SCHOOL
 SPEED ZONE, IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN THE MUTCD.
   3.  OPERATORS  OF  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL HAVE
 COMPLETED TRAINING IN THE PROCEDURES FOR SETTING UP, TESTING, AND  OPER-
 ATING  SUCH SYSTEMS.  EACH SUCH OPERATOR SHALL COMPLETE AND SIGN A DAILY
 SET-UP LOG FOR EACH SUCH SYSTEM THAT HE OR SHE OPERATES THAT (I)  STATES
 THE  DATE  AND  TIME WHEN, AND THE LOCATION WHERE, THE SYSTEM WAS SET UP
 THAT DAY, AND (II) STATES THAT SUCH OPERATOR SUCCESSFULLY PERFORMED, AND
 THE SYSTEM PASSED, THE SELF-TESTS OF  SUCH  SYSTEM  BEFORE  PRODUCING  A
 RECORDED  IMAGE  THAT  DAY.    THE CITY SHALL RETAIN EACH SUCH DAILY LOG
 UNTIL THE LATER OF THE DATE ON WHICH THE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION  MONITOR-
 ING  SYSTEM TO WHICH IT APPLIES HAS BEEN PERMANENTLY REMOVED FROM USE OR
 THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING NOTICES OF LIABILITY  ISSUED
 BASED  ON  PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEO OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES
 PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEM.
   4. EACH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL UNDERGO AN ANNU-
 AL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED BY AN INDEPENDENT CALIBRATION  LABORATORY
 WHICH  SHALL  ISSUE  A SIGNED CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION. THE CITY SHALL
 KEEP EACH SUCH ANNUAL CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION ON FILE UNTIL THE FINAL
 RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING A NOTICE OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  DURING
 SUCH  YEAR  WHICH WERE BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE
 OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITOR-
 ING SYSTEM.
   5. (I) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES
 TO ENSURE, TO THE  EXTENT  PRACTICABLE,  THAT  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-

 S. 9031                            34
 
 GRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY  THE
 DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED, HOWEV-
 ER, THAT NO NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 DISMISSED  SOLELY  BECAUSE SUCH A PHOTOGRAPH, MICROPHOTOGRAPH, VIDEOTAPE
 OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE DRIVER, THE
 PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF VEHICLES WHERE THE  CITY  SHOWS  THAT  IT
 MADE  REASONABLE EFFORTS TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH
 IN SUCH CASE.
   (II) PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER  RECORDED
 IMAGE  FROM  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE FOR THE
 EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE CITY FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABIL-
 ITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND OF THE OWNER RECEIVING A NOTICE
 OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, AND SHALL  BE  DESTROYED  BY  THE
 CITY  UPON THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY TO WHICH SUCH
 PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED   IMAGES
 RELATE,  OR  ONE  YEAR  FOLLOWING THE DATE OF ISSUANCE OF SUCH NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY, WHICHEVER IS LATER.   NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS  OF  ANY
 OTHER  LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGE  FROM  A  PHOTO  SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, NOR SUBJECT
 TO  CIVIL  OR  CRIMINAL  PROCESS  OR DISCOVERY, NOR USED BY ANY COURT OR
 ADMINISTRATIVE OR ADJUDICATORY BODY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING  THEREIN
 EXCEPT  THAT  WHICH  IS  NECESSARY  FOR  THE ADJUDICATION OF A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS  SECTION,  AND  NO  PUBLIC  ENTITY  OR
 EMPLOYEE,  OFFICER  OR  AGENT  THEREOF  SHALL DISCLOSE SUCH INFORMATION,
 EXCEPT THAT SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER
 RECORDED IMAGES FROM SUCH SYSTEMS:
   (A) SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION AND COPYING AND USE BY THE MOTOR
 VEHICLE  OWNER AND OPERATOR FOR SO LONG AS SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES ARE REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINED
 OR ARE MAINTAINED BY SUCH PUBLIC ENTITY, EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT; AND
   (B) (1) SHALL BE FURNISHED WHEN DESCRIBED IN A SEARCH  WARRANT  ISSUED
 BY A COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE
 SIX  HUNDRED  NINETY  OF  THE  CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A FEDERAL COURT
 AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE  SUCH
 SEARCH  WARRANT  STATES  THAT  THERE IS REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH
 INFORMATION CONSTITUTES EVIDENCE OF, OR TENDS  TO  DEMONSTRATE  THAT,  A
 MISDEMEANOR  OR  FELONY  OFFENSE  WAS COMMITTED IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER
 STATE, OR THAT A PARTICULAR PERSON PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMISSION  OF  A
 MISDEMEANOR  OR FELONY OFFENSE IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED,
 HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, THE
 COURT SHALL ONLY ISSUE A WARRANT IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH  OFFENSE
 WOULD,  IF  OCCURRING  IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY
 AGAINST THE LAWS OF THIS STATE; AND
   (2) SHALL BE FURNISHED IN RESPONSE TO A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM SIGNED BY
 A JUDGE OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION AND ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  ARTICLE  SIX
 HUNDRED  TEN OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE OF A
 FEDERAL COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH  A  SUBPOENA  DUCES  TECUM  UNDER
 FEDERAL LAW, WHERE THE JUDGE FINDS AND THE SUBPOENA STATES THAT THERE IS
 REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION IS RELEVANT AND MATERIAL TO
 THE  PROSECUTION,  OR THE DEFENSE, OR THE INVESTIGATION BY AN AUTHORIZED
 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL, OF THE ALLEGED COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR  OR
 FELONY  IN  THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH
 OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, SUCH JUDGE OR  MAGISTRATE
 SHALL  ONLY  ISSUE  SUCH SUBPOENA IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE

 S. 9031                            35
 
 WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN
 THIS STATE; AND
   (3)  MAY,  IF LAWFULLY OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THIS CLAUSE AND CLAUSE (A)
 OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH AND OTHERWISE ADMISSIBLE, BE USED IN SUCH  CRIMINAL
 ACTION OR PROCEEDING.
   (B)  IF THE CITY OF BUFFALO ESTABLISHES A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSU-
 ANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL  BE
 LIABLE  FOR  A  PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE
 WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH  THE  PERMISSION  OF  THE  OWNER,  EXPRESS  OR
 IMPLIED,  WITHIN  A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR
 DURING THE TIMES AUTHORIZED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS  SECTION
 IN  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, SUCH VEHICLE WAS TRAVELING AT A SPEED OF
 MORE THAN TEN MILES PER HOUR ABOVE THE  POSTED  SPEED  LIMIT  IN  EFFECT
 WITHIN SUCH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFOR-
 MATION OBTAINED FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED
 HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED
 PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION  WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN
 CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)
 OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (C)  FOR  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE
 FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1. "MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD"  SHALL  MEAN
 THE  MANUAL  AND  SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF TRAFFIC CONTROL
 DEVICES MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER  OF  TRANSPORTATION  PURSUANT  TO
 SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER;
   2.  "OWNER"  SHALL  HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS
 CHAPTER;
   3. "PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING  SYSTEM"  SHALL  MEAN  A  VEHICLE
 SENSOR  INSTALLED  TO  WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A SPEED MEASURING DEVICE
 WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICRO-
 PHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE
 TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED IN A  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONE  IN  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY
 OF THIS ARTICLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION; AND
   4. "SCHOOL SPEED ZONE" SHALL MEAN A DISTANCE NOT TO EXCEED  ONE  THOU-
 SAND  THREE  HUNDRED TWENTY FEET ON A HIGHWAY PASSING A SCHOOL BUILDING,
 ENTRANCE OR EXIT OF A SCHOOL ABUTTING ON THE HIGHWAY.
   (D) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A  TECHNICIAN  EMPLOYED  BY
 THE  CITY  OF  BUFFALO, OR A FACSIMILE THEREOF, BASED UPON INSPECTION OF
 PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED   IMAGES
 PRODUCED  BY  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, SHALL BE PRIMA
 FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICRO-
 PHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES  EVIDENCING  SUCH A
 VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE
 REAR OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY  OBJECT  NEAR
 THE  MOTOR  VEHICLE  AND SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION REASONABLY IN
 ADVANCE OF AND AT ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY  FOR  SUCH
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (E)  AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)
 OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  A
 DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  ESTABLISHED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND
 PENALTIES TO BE PROMULGATED BY THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OF THE CITY
 OF BUFFALO.  THE LIABILITY OF THE OWNER PURSUANT TO THIS  SECTION  SHALL
 NOT  EXCEED  FIFTY  DOLLARS  FOR EACH VIOLATION; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT

 S. 9031                            36
 
 SUCH PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU MAY PROVIDE FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT
 IN EXCESS OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION FOR THE  FAILURE  TO
 RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
   (F)  AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTAB-
 LISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION  AS  AN
 OPERATOR  AND  SHALL  NOT  BE  MADE  PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE
 PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR  SHALL  IT  BE  USED  FOR
 INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
   (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
 PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI-
 CLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, WITHIN  FOURTEEN  BUSINESS  DAYS  IF  SUCH
 OWNER IS A RESIDENT OF THIS STATE AND WITHIN FORTY-FIVE BUSINESS DAYS IF
 SUCH  OWNER  IS A NON-RESIDENT. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT
 BE REQUIRED. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF  MAILING  PREPARED  IN  THE
 ORDINARY  COURSE  OF BUSINESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN.
   2. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME  AND  ADDRESS  OF  THE
 PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI-
 CLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, THE REGISTRATION  NUMBER  OF  THE  VEHICLE
 INVOLVED  IN  SUCH  VIOLATION,  THE  LOCATION  WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK
 PLACE, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF
 THE CAMERA WHICH  RECORDED  THE  VIOLATION  OR  OTHER  DOCUMENT  LOCATOR
 NUMBER,  AT  LEAST  TWO  DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE REAR OF THE
 MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY  OBJECT  NEAR  THE  MOTOR
 VEHICLE, AND THE CERTIFICATE CHARGING THE LIABILITY.
   3.  THE  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE
 PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST
 THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO
 CONTAIN A PROMINENT WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO
 CONTEST IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION  OF
 LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE CITY OF
 BUFFALO,  OR  BY  ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY THE CITY TO PREPARE AND
 MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
   (H) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS  SECTION
 SHALL BE BY THE CITY OF BUFFALO PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (I)  IF  AN  OWNER  RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE
 OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS  REPORTED  TO  THE  POLICE  DEPARTMENT  AS
 HAVING  BEEN  STOLEN,  IT  SHALL  BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION
 THAT THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE HAD  BEEN
 REPORTED  TO  THE  POLICE  AS  STOLEN  PRIOR  TO  THE TIME THE VIOLATION
 OCCURRED AND HAD NOT BEEN  RECOVERED  BY  SUCH  TIME.  FOR  PURPOSES  OF
 ASSERTING  THE  DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION, IT SHALL BE SUFFI-
 CIENT THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE  STOLEN  VEHICLE
 OR NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO
 THE  CITY  OF  BUFFALO  PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY
 AUTHORIZED BY THE CITY TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
   (J) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS  SECTION
 SHALL BE BY THE CITY OF BUFFALO PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (K)  1.  AN  OWNER  WHO  IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS  SECTION  SHALL

 S. 9031                            37
 
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G)
 OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION, PROVIDED THAT:
   (I)  PRIOR  TO  THE  VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH SUCH PARKING
 VIOLATIONS BUREAU IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF  SECTION  TWO
 HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   (II)  WITHIN  THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM SUCH DIVI-
 SION OF THE DATE AND TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFOR-
 MATION CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS
 TO SUCH DIVISION THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHI-
 CLE IDENTIFIED IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION,
 TOGETHER WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL,
 LEASE OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY  SUCH
 DIVISION  PURSUANT  TO  REGULATIONS  THAT  MAY  BE  PROMULGATED FOR SUCH
 PURPOSE.
   2. FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF PARAGRAPH ONE  OF  THIS
 SUBDIVISION  SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED IN
 THIS SECTION.
   3. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH  ONE  OF
 THIS  SUBDIVISION,  THE  LESSEE  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  ON  THE DATE OF SUCH
 VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE  FOR  PURPOSES
 OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSU-
 ANT  TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO
 SUBDIVISION (I) OF THIS SECTION.
   (L) 1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C)  OR  (D)
 OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION WAS NOT  THE  OPERATOR  OF  THE  VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE
 VIOLATION,  THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST
 THE OPERATOR.
   2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF  A
 VEHICLE  SHALL  BE  SUBJECT  TO A MONETARY FINE IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
 OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME  SUCH  OPERATOR  OPERATED  SUCH
 VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION
 THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPER-
 ATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT  THE  TIME  OF  SUCH
 OPERATOR  OPERATED  SUCH  VEHICLE  IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (M) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE  LIABILITY
 OF  AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR (D)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (N) IF THE CITY ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION
 (A) OF THIS SECTION IT SHALL CONDUCT A STUDY AND SUBMIT A REPORT ON  THE
 RESULTS OF THE USE OF PHOTO DEVICES TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRES-
 IDENT  OF  THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY. SUCH REPORT SHALL
 INCLUDE:
   1. THE LOCATIONS WHERE AND DATES WHEN PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING
 SYSTEMS WERE USED;
   2. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND  SEVERITY  OF  CRASHES,  FATALITIES,
 INJURIES  AND  PROPERTY  DAMAGE  REPORTED  WITHIN ALL SCHOOL SPEED ZONES
 WITHIN THE CITY, TO THE EXTENT THE  INFORMATION  IS  MAINTAINED  BY  THE
 DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   3.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER,  TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES,
 INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONES  WHERE
 PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED, TO THE EXTENT THE

 S. 9031                            38
 
 INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR  VEHICLES  OF  THIS
 STATE;
   4.  THE  NUMBER  OF  VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL SCHOOL SPEED ZONES
 WITHIN THE CITY, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   5. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN  EACH  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONE
 WHERE  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED, IN THE AGGRE-
 GATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   6. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN  ALL  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONES
 WITHIN THE CITY THAT WERE:
   (I)  MORE  THAN  TEN  BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   7. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN  EACH  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONE
 WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED THAT WERE:
   (I)  MORE  THAN  TEN  BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   8. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF NOTICES  OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  FOR  VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   9.  THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE FIRST
 NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   10. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND THE RESULTS OF SUCH ADJU-
 DICATIONS INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS  OF  DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR  VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   11.  THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT  OF REVENUE REALIZED BY THE CITY IN CONNECTION
 WITH THE PROGRAM;
   12. THE EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE CITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE  PROGRAM;
 AND
   13. THE QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS.
   (O) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
 VISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT SUCH  PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION
 MONITORING  SYSTEM  WAS  MALFUNCTIONING  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE  ALLEGED
 VIOLATION.
   § 20. The opening paragraph and paragraph  (c)  of  subdivision  1  of
 section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10 of
 chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   Whenever  proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this
 state result in a conviction for an offense  under  this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule
 or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter,  other  than  a  traffic
 infraction  involving  standing,  stopping,  or parking or violations by
 pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred

 S. 9031                            39

 eleven-b  of  this  chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation  of
 a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined in such section, or other than an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)
 of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  adju-
 dication  of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven  hundred  eighty
 of  this  chapter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of
 this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  OR  OTHER  THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime victim assist-
 ance fee and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required
 or permitted by law, in accordance with the following schedule:
   (c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a  court  of
 this  state  result  in  a  conviction for an offense under this chapter
 other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this
 chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter,  or  a  local  law,
 ordinance,  rule  or  regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other
 than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping,  or  parking  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-a of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  infraction  pursuant
 to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil-
 ity  of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant
 to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than
 an  adjudication  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of
 this chapter for a violation of a bus lane  restriction  as  defined  in
 such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a  violation  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner  for  a  violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  OR  OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF
 LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)
 OR  (G)  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE

 S. 9031                            40
 
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,  there  shall  be
 levied a crime victim assistance fee in the amount of five dollars and a
 mandatory  surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted
 by law, in the amount of fifty-five dollars.
   §  20-a. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-a of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule
 or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter,  other  than  a  traffic
 infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equip-
 ment  or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adju-
 dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
 than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdi-
 vision  (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
 or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation
 of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-c  of  this  chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN
 OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there  shall  be  levied  a  mandatory
 surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in
 the amount of twenty-five dollars.
   § 20-b. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic  law,
 as  amended  by  section  10-b  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
 than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi-
 vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter  in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,
 or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation

 S. 9031                            41
 
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-c of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF  LIABILITY  OF  AN
 OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  there shall be levied a mandatory
 surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law,  in
 the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  20-c. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-c of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),  (c),  (d),
 (f)  or  (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than
 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter,
 OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR  A  VIOLATION
 OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an
 owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  there  shall  be  levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any
 sentence required or permitted  by  law,  in  the  amount  of  seventeen
 dollars.
   §  20-d. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-d of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),  (c),  (d),
 (f)  or  (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN
 AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER,
 or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation
 of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in

 S. 9031                            42
 
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there
 shall be levied a mandatory  surcharge,  in  addition  to  any  sentence
 required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  20-e. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-e of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION
 OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),  (C),  (D),
 (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than
 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
 (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  adju-
 dication  of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there shall be levied a  manda-
 tory  surcharge,  in  addition  to any sentence required or permitted by
 law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 20-f. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic  law,
 as  amended  by  section  10-f  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION
 OF  LIABILITY  OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there shall be levied a
 mandatory  surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted
 by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 20-g. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic  law,
 as  separately  amended by chapter 16 of the laws of 1983 and chapter 62
 of the laws of 1989, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION
 OF  LIABILITY  OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall
 be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or
 permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 21. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law, as amended by section 11 of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a

 S. 9031                            43
 
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-b of this chapter, and
 except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of a violation of a bus lane restriction as
 defined in such section, and except an adjudication of liability  of  an
 owner  for  a  violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, and except an  adjudication  of
 liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)
 or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this  chapter  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of this chapter, and except an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection
 regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b   and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY  OF  AN  OWNER
 FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied in addition to
 any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted  by  law,
 an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  21-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 11-a of chapter 222 of  the  laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
 ter,  and  except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with section eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined  in such section, and except an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)
 or  (g)  of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter,  and  except  an
 adjudication  of  liability  of  an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this  chapter,

 S. 9031                            44
 
 AND  EXCEPT  AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY
 OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF
 THIS  CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section  two  thou-
 sand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
 to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required  or  permitted  by
 law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  21-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 11-b of chapter 222 of  the  laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for  a  violation  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-c of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABIL-
 ITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regu-
 lations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter seven hundred seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty,  there  shall  be  levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or
 other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of
 twenty-eight dollars.
   § 21-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law, as amended by section 11-c of chapter 222 of the laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-

 S. 9031                            45

 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-c of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER
 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of  liabil-
 ity  of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant
 to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall
 be levied in addition  to  any  sentence,  penalty  or  other  surcharge
 required  or  permitted  by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight
 dollars.
   § 21-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law, as amended by section 11-d of chapter 222 of the laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to  section  two
 thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law or
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty, there shall be
 levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  21-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 11-e of chapter 222 of  the  laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED

 S. 9031                            46
 
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to  section  two
 thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law or
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty, there shall be
 levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  21-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 5 of part C of chapter 55 of  the
 laws of 2013, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for  a  violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two
 thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or
 sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen  hundred  fifty,  there  shall  be
 levied  in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   § 22. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision  5-a  of  section
 401  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of chapter
 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
 of there is a certification from a  court,  parking  violations  bureau,
 traffic  and  parking  violations  agency  or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry of a final decision in response to a
 total of three or more summonses or  other  process  in  the  aggregate,
 issued  within  an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such
 motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor  vehi-
 cle  was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without
 being licensed as a motor vehicle for  hire  by  the  appropriate  local
 authority,  in  violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
 any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by  a  local  authority;  or
 (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a,  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  or section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter;  or (iii) the registrant was
 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
 ter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane  restriction as defined in such
 section, or (iv) the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision

 S. 9031                            47
 
 (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or (v)  the
 registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c
 of  this  chapter  for  a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter, OR (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (C) OR (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commis-
 sioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal appli-
 cation until the applicant provides proof from the  court,  traffic  and
 parking violations agency or administrative tribunal wherein the charges
 are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of
 an  administrative  tribunal  that he or she has complied with the rules
 and regulations of said tribunal following entry of  a  final  decision.
 Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commission-
 er  may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal appli-
 cation to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registra-
 tion or renewal application for any other motor  vehicle  registered  in
 the  name  of  the  applicant where the commissioner has determined that
 such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to  believe  that
 such  registration  or  renewal  will  have  the effect of defeating the
 purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as
 long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal,  the  registrant  fails  to comply with the rules and
 regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 22-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-a of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry of a final decision in response to a
 total of three or more summonses or  other  process  in  the  aggregate,
 issued  within  an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such
 motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor  vehi-
 cle  was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without
 being licensed as a motor vehicle for  hire  by  the  appropriate  local
 authority,  in  violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
 any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by  a  local  authority;  or
 (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-b  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter;  or  (iii)  the  registrant  was
 liable  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap-
 ter for a violation of  a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined  in  such
 section;  or  (iv)  the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (d)  of  section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter or (v) the regis-
 trant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (v) the registrant was
 liable  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chap-
 ter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of  section

 S. 9031                            48
 
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter;  OR  (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or
 renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or
 administrative  tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appear-
 ance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative  tribu-
 nal  that  he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said
 tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where  an  application  is
 denied  pursuant  to  this  section, the commissioner may, in his or her
 discretion, deny a registration or  renewal  application  to  any  other
 person  for  the  same  vehicle  and  may deny a registration or renewal
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  22-b.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-b of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped
 or  standing,  or  that  such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the
 registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
 for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in  accord-
 ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section; or (iii)
 the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accord-
 ance with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  FOR A
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER;  or (v) the registrant was liable in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this

 S. 9031                            49
 
 chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny  the  registra-
 tion  or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the
 court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an
 appearance  or  answer has been made or in the case of an administrative
 tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and  regulations  of
 said  tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application
 is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or  her
 discretion,  deny  a  registration  or  renewal application to any other
 person for the same vehicle and  may  deny  a  registration  or  renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 22-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-c of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped
 or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated  for  hire  by  the
 registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
 for  hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accord-
 ance with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter, or the registrant was liable  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred eighty-c of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, OR THE
 REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D
 OF  THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; or (iv) the registrant
 was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  for  a  violation  of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall  deny
 the  registration  or  renewal  application until the applicant provides
 proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges  are
 pending  that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an
 administrative tribunal that he has complied with the  rules  and  regu-
 lations  of  said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an
 application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in
 his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any
 other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal

 S. 9031                            50
 
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  22-d.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-d of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant or his agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by
 the  appropriate  local authority, in violation of any of the provisions
 of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made  by  a
 local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of this chapter for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, or the
 registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of  this  chapter  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in  accord-
 ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter,  the  commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registra-
 tion or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from  the
 court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an
 appearance  or  answer has been made or in the case of an administrative
 tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and  regulations  of
 said  tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application
 is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or  her
 discretion,  deny  a  registration  or  renewal application to any other
 person for the same vehicle and  may  deny  a  registration  or  renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 22-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-e of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:

 S. 9031                            51
 
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant  or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for
 hire by the appropriate local authority, in  violation  of  any  of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS  LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY
 OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or the  registrant
 was  liable  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny
 the registration or renewal application  until  the  applicant  provides
 proof  from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are
 pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of  an
 administrative  tribunal  that  he has complied with the rules and regu-
 lations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision.  Where  an
 application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in
 his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any
 other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 22-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-f of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period,  charging  that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle  for
 hire  by  the  appropriate  local  authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by  a  local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY

 S. 9031                            52
 
 OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (d)  of  section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, the commissioner
 or  his  or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application
 until the applicant provides proof  from  the  court  or  administrative
 tribunal  wherein  the  charges are pending that an appearance or answer
 has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that  he  has
 complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry
 of  a  final  decision.  Where an application is denied pursuant to this
 section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny  a  regis-
 tration  or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle
 and may deny a registration or renewal application for any  other  motor
 vehicle  registered  in the name of the applicant where the commissioner
 has determined that such registrant's  intent  has  been  to  evade  the
 purposes  of  this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable
 grounds to believe that such  registration  or  renewal  will  have  the
 effect  of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall
 only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in
 the  case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply
 with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 22-g. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law,  as separately amended by chapters 339 and 592 of the
 laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant  or  his representative
 failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date  or
 failed  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations of an administrative
 tribunal following entry of a final decision in  response  to  three  or
 more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period,
 charging  that  such  motor  vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or
 that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant  or  his
 agent  without  being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appro-
 priate local authority, in violation of any of the  provisions  of  this
 chapter  or  of  any  law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local
 authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEV-
 EN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (C),  (D),  (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER,
 the commissioner or his agent shall deny  the  registration  or  renewal
 application  until the applicant provides proof from the court or admin-
 istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or
 answer has been made or in the case of an administrative  tribunal  that
 he  has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal follow-
 ing entry of a final decision. Where an application is  denied  pursuant
 to  this section, the commissioner may, in his discretion, deny a regis-
 tration or renewal application to any other person for the same  vehicle
 and  may  deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor
 vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where  the  commissioner
 has  determined  that  such  registrant's  intent  has been to evade the
 purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner  has  reasonable
 grounds  to  believe  that  such  registration  or renewal will have the
 effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial  shall
 only  remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in
 the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails  to  comply
 with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.

 S. 9031                            53
 
   §  23.  Subdivision  2  of  section  87  of the public officers law is
 amended by adding a new paragraph (p) to read as follows:
   (P)  ARE  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGES PREPARED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D
 OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
   §  24.  The purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program
 pursuant to section 1180-d of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law  shall  be
 subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law.
   §  25.  This act shall take effect immediately; provided that sections
 one through four of this act shall expire and be deemed repealed 4 years
 after such effective date when upon such date the provisions of sections
 one through four of this act shall  be  deemed  repealed;  and  provided
 further that the amendments to section 1180-b of the vehicle and traffic
 law  made  by  sections five, six, seven and eight of this act shall not
 affect the repeal of such section and shall be  deemed  repealed  there-
 with;  and provided further that the amendments to paragraph 2 of subdi-
 vision (a) of section 1180-b of the vehicle  and  traffic  law  made  by
 section  six  of  this  act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after
 this act shall have become a law; and  provided  further  that  sections
 twelve  through twenty-four of this act shall take effect on the thirti-
 eth day after it shall have become a law and shall expire 4 years  after
 such  effective  date  when  upon  such  date the provisions of sections
 twelve through twenty-four of this act shall  be  deemed  repealed;  and
 provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation of this
 act  on its effective date shall be promulgated on or before such effec-
 tive date, provided that:
   (a) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law  made  by  section  twelve of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section twelve-a of this act shall take
 effect;
   (a-1) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section twelve-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section twelve-b of this act shall take effect;
   (a-2)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section twelve-b of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section twelve-c of this act shall take effect;
   (a-3) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section twelve-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section twelve-d of this act shall take effect;
   (a-4)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section twelve-d of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section twelve-e of this act shall take effect;
   (a-5) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section twelve-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section twelve-f of this act shall take effect;
   (a-6)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section twelve-f of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section twelve-g of this act shall take effect;

 S. 9031                            54

   (b) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law  made  by section thirteen of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date  the provisions of section thirteen-a of this act
 shall take effect;
   (b-1)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section thirteen-a of this act shall not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section thirteen-b  of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (b-2)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section thirteen-b of this act shall not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section thirteen-c  of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (b-3)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section thirteen-c of this act shall not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section thirteen-d  of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (b-4)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section thirteen-d of this act shall not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section thirteen-e  of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (b-5)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section thirteen-e of this act shall not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section thirteen-f  of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section fifteen of  this  act  shall
 not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of  section
 fifteen-a of this act shall take effect;
   (c-1) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the  vehicle and traffic law made by section fifteen-a of this act shall
 not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
 expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of  section
 fifteen-b of this act shall take effect;
   (c-2) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section fifteen-b of this act  shall
 not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of  section
 fifteen-c of this act shall take effect;
   (c-3) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the  vehicle and traffic law made by section fifteen-c of this act shall
 not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
 expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of  section
 fifteen-d of this act shall take effect;
   (c-4) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section fifteen-d of this act  shall
 not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of  section
 fifteen-e of this act shall take effect;

 S. 9031                            55
 
   (c-5) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the  vehicle and traffic law made by section fifteen-e of this act shall
 not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
 expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of  section
 fifteen-f of this act shall take effect;
   (d)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section sixteen of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon  such date the provisions of section sixteen-a of
 this act shall take effect;
   (d-1) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and traffic law made by section sixteen-a of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of  section  sixteen-b  of
 this act shall take effect;
   (d-2)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section sixteen-b of this act shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon  such date the provisions of section sixteen-c of
 this act shall take effect;
   (d-3) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and traffic law made by section sixteen-c of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of  section  sixteen-d  of
 this act shall take effect;
   (d-4)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section sixteen-d of this act shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon  such date the provisions of section sixteen-e of
 this act shall take effect;
   (d-5) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and traffic law made by section sixteen-e of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of  section  sixteen-f  of
 this act shall take effect;
   (e)  the  amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seventeen of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to  expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date the provisions of section
 seventeen-a of this act shall take effect;
   (e-1) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seventeen-a  of  this
 act  shall  not  affect  the  expiration of such paragraphs and shall be
 deemed to expire therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of
 section seventeen-b of this act shall take effect;
   (e-2) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section seventeen-b of this
 act shall not affect the expiration of  such  paragraphs  and  shall  be
 deemed  to  expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date the provisions of
 section seventeen-c of this act shall take effect;
   (e-3) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section seventeen-c  of  this
 act  shall  not  affect  the  expiration of such paragraphs and shall be
 deemed to expire therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the  provisions  of
 section seventeen-d of this act shall take effect;

 S. 9031                            56
 
   (e-4) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section seventeen-d of this
 act shall not affect the expiration of  such  paragraphs  and  shall  be
 deemed  to  expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date the provisions of
 section seventeen-e of this act shall take effect;
   (e-5) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section seventeen-e of this
 act shall not affect the expiration of  such  paragraphs  and  shall  be
 deemed  to  expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date the provisions of
 section seventeen-f of this act shall take effect;
   (f) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law made by section  eighteen  of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section eighteen-a of
 this act shall take effect;
   (f-1) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of  section  241  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section eighteen-a of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section eighteen-b of
 this act shall take effect;
   (f-2) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of  section  241  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section eighteen-b of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section eighteen-c of
 this act shall take effect;
   (f-3) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of  section  241  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section eighteen-c of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section eighteen-d of
 this act shall take effect;
   (f-4) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of  section  241  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section eighteen-d of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section eighteen-e of
 this act shall take effect;
   (f-5) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of  section  241  of  the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section eighteen-e of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section eighteen-f of
 this act shall take effect;
   (g) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section twenty of this  act  shall  not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-a of this act shall
 take effect;
   (g-1) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law  made by section twenty-a of this act shall not affect
 the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-b of this act
 shall take effect;
   (g-2)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section twenty-b of this act  shall  not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-c of this act
 shall take effect;

 S. 9031                            57
 
   (g-3) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law  made by section twenty-c of this act shall not affect
 the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-d of this act
 shall take effect;
   (g-4)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section twenty-d of this act  shall  not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-e of this act
 shall take effect;
   (g-5) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law  made by section twenty-e of this act shall not affect
 the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-f of this act
 shall take effect;
   (g-6)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section twenty-f of this act  shall  not  affect
 the  expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-g of this act
 shall take effect;
   (h) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of  section  1809-e
 of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section twenty-one of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 one-a of this act shall take effect;
   (h-1) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-one-a of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 one-b of this act shall take effect;
   (h-2) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-one-b of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 one-c of this act shall take effect;
   (h-3) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-one-c of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 one-d of this act shall take effect;
   (h-4) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-one-d of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 one-e of this act shall take effect;
   (h-5) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-one-e of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 one-f of this act shall take effect;
   (i)  the  amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision
 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  twen-
 ty-two of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and
 shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions
 of section twenty-two-a of this act shall take effect;

 S. 9031                            58
 
   (i-1) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section  401
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-two-a of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 two-b of this act shall take effect;
   (i-2)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-two-b of this  act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire  therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-
 two-c of this act shall take effect;
   (i-3) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section  401
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-two-c of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 two-d of this act shall take effect;
   (i-4)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-two-d of this  act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire  therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-
 two-e of this act shall take effect;
   (i-5) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section  401
 of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-two-e of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  twenty-
 two-f of this act shall take effect; and
   (i-6)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section twenty-two-f of this  act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire  therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section twenty-
 two-g of this act shall take effect.

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Senate Bill S9031

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Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Rules Committee

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2017-S9031 (ACTIVE) - Summary

2017-S9031 (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

2017-S9031 (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

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Senate Bill S9031

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Sponsored By

Jose Peralta

Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Rules Committee

Actions

2017-S9031 (ACTIVE) - Details

2017-S9031 (ACTIVE) - Summary

2017-S9031 (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

2017-S9031 (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

Comments