NY State Senate Bill 2019-S5223B

Senate Bill S5223B

2019-2020 Legislative Session

Relates to establishing a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices

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Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Transportation Committee

Introduced
- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
- Passed Assembly
- Passed Senate
Delivered to Governor
Signed By Governor

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Actions

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	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
Jul 17, 2020	print number 5223b
Jul 17, 2020	amend and recommit to transportation
Jul 14, 2020	print number 5223a
Jul 14, 2020	amend and recommit to transportation
Jan 08, 2020	referred to transportation
Apr 16, 2019	referred to transportation

Bill Amendments

Original

B (Active)

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2019-S5223 - Details

Current Committee:: Senate Transportation
Law Section:: Vehicle and Traffic Law
Laws Affected:: Amd V & T L, generally; add §371-a, Gen Muni L; amd §87, Pub Off L
Versions Introduced in 2021-2022 Legislative Session:: S4682

2019-S5223 - Summary

Establishes a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices.

2019-S5223 - Sponsor Memo

                                
 
BILL NUMBER: S5223

SPONSOR: KENNEDY
 
TITLE OF BILL:  An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the
public officers law, in relation to establishing a demonstration program
implementing speed violation monitoring systems in work zones by means
of photo devices; and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon
expiration thereof

 
PURPOSE OF BILL:

To create a pilot program placing speed cameras in work zones, which
will establish the efficacy of using automatic speed monitoring systems
for enforcement in speed zones.

 
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:

Section 1 relates to the adjudication of speed cameras in work zones

Section 2 and its subsections amends subdivision 1 of section 236 of the
vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 2 of chapter 222 of the

laws of 2015

Section 3 amends section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended
by adding new subdivision 16

Section 4 and its subsections amends paragraph f of subdivision 1 of
section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 4 of
chapter 222 of the laws of 2015

Section 5 and its subdivisions amends section 240 of the vehicle and
traffic law, as amended by section 5 and its subsections of chapter 222
of the laws of 2015

Section 6 and its subsections amends subdivision 2 of section 240 of the
vehicle 4 and traffic law, as amended by section 6 and its subsections
of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015

Section 7 and its subsections amends subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241
of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 7 and its
subsections of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015

Section 8 and its subsections adds a new section 1180-d to the vehicle
and traffic law

Section 9 and its subsections amends the opening paragraph and paragraph
(c) of subdivision 1 of 19 section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law

Section 10 and its subsections amends subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of
the vehicle 2 and traffic law

Section 11 and its subsections amends subdivision 5-a of section 401 of
the vehicle and traffic law in regards to vehicle registration and driv-
er liability

Section 12 and its subsections amends subdivision 2 of section 87 of the
public officers law regarding all renderings from the demonstration
program, including photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other
recorded images
Section 13 establishes that purchasing or leasing of equipment for the
demonstration program are pursuant to section 1180-d of the vehicle and
traffic law shall be 15 subject to the provisions of section 103 of the
general municipal law.

Section 14 sets the effective date

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Speed is a significant contributor to highway accidents. Automatic speed
enforcement technologies have already been either trialed or implemented
in a number of other states as well as in other countries. In Maryland,
where speed cameras were first used statewide in 2010, photographic
enforcement has resulted in a 10% mean reduction in driver speeds, a 59%
reduction in the likelihood of a motorist traveling more than 10 mph
over the speed limit, which in turn resulted in a 39% reduction in the
likelihood of an accident resulting in an incapacitating injury and a
45% reduction in the number of fatalities from work-zone related acci-
dents.

According to data from the New York State Department of Transportation,
from 2010-2016 there were 3,450 accidents in work zones on NYS highways
that resulted in 50 fatalities and over 1,100 injuries to motorists and
workers. According to the World Health Organization, for every increase
in speed of 6 miles per hour, the likelihood of an accident involving
injury increases by 20%.  Stronger enforcement of speeding in work zones
has the potential to significantly reduce both the incidence of motorist
and worker fatalities while training better overall motorist behavior.

This bill establishes a pilot program with a narrow enough scope to
record strong data regarding the efficacy of using speed cameras in work
zones to influence driver behavior. Worker safety is of paramount impor-
tance, especially as the State continues to invest in repaving our roads
and highways. The program will determine whether automatic enforcement
mechanisms work in the context of work zones, whether stronger enforce-
ment produces better outcomes for injury and fatalities, and whether
money can be saved be reducing the labor costs associated with manual
enforcement.

 
PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

New bill

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the one hundred eightieth day after it
shall have become a law.

2019-S5223 - Bill Text download pdf

                            
 
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   5223
 
                        2019-2020 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                              April 16, 2019
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sen. KENNEDY -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
   printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation
 
 AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,
   in relation to establishing a demonstration program implementing speed
   violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo  devices;
   and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration there-
   of
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of  the  vehicle  and  traffic
 law,  as  amended  by  section  1 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general,  special
 or  local  law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which
 heretofore or hereafter is authorized  to  establish  an  administrative
 tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti-
 tuting  parking,  standing  or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
 chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two of the laws of  two  thousand  nine,  or  to  adjudicate  the
 liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners  for  violations  of  toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.

                                                            LBD09902-01-9

 S. 5223                             2
 
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty,  or  to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  for  violations  of  bus  lane
 restrictions as defined in subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of such
 section,  or  to  adjudicate  the  liability of owners for violations of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY
 OF  OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,
 such  tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 1-a. Section 235 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1-a  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord-
 ance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus
 lane restrictions as defined in  such  section,  or  to  adjudicate  the
 liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE
 LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR
 (G)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal  and  the
 rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 1-b. Section 235 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1-b  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic

 S. 5223                             3
 
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance with
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of  the  laws  of
 two  thousand  nine,  or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners for
 violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
 sion  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or  to  adjudicate
 the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as
 defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand
 nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law and sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or  to  adjudicate  liability  of
 owners  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap-
 ter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such  section,
 or  to  adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,
 OR  TO  ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,
 such  tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 1-c. Section 235 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1-c  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord-
 ance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus
 lane restrictions as defined in  such  section,  or  to  adjudicate  the
 liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE
 LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR
 (G)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal  and  the
 rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.

 S. 5223                             4
 
   § 1-d. Section 235 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1-d  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and  in  accord-
 ance  with  the  provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty,  or  to adjudicate liability of owners for violations of
 subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this  chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
 OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER,
 such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall  be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  1-e.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
 section 1-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and  in  accord-
 ance  with  the  provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty,  OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,  such  tribunal  and  the  rules  and  regulations
 pertaining  thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with
 the following sections.
   § 1-f. Section 235 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
 section  1-f  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
 follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an

 S. 5223                             5
 
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of toll collection regulations  as  defined  in
 and  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of section two thousand nine
 hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law   and   sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF
 OWNERS  FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and
 regulations pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in  substantial
 conformance with the following sections.
   §  1-g.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as separately
 amended by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972 and chapter 379 of  the  laws
 of 1992, is amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners for violations of toll collection
 regulations as defined in and  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO ADJU-
 DICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),
 (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  such
 tribunal  and  the  rules  and  regulations  pertaining thereto shall be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic  law,  as
 amended  by  section 2 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision  (a)  of  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  shall adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter  in  accordance  with  such  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a,  sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen
 of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two  thou-
 sand  nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred
 eleven-e and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of
 toll  collection  regulations  as  defined in and in accordance with the
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred

 S. 5223                             6
 
 fifty  and  shall  adjudicate  liability  of  owners  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for  violations  of  bus
 lane  restrictions  as  defined in such section and shall adjudicate the
 liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE
 LIABILITY  OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR
 (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. Such tribunal, except
 in a city with a population of one million  or  more,  shall  also  have
 jurisdiction  of  abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes of this
 article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or  regu-
 lation  providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of
 a vehicle. In addition for  purposes  of  this  article,  "commissioner"
 shall  mean  and  include  the commissioner of traffic of the city or an
 official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   § 2-a. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivisions  (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with such sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of  chapters  twenty,  twenty-one,
 and  twenty-two  of  the  laws  of  two  thousand nine or section eleven
 hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred eleven-e; and  shall  adjudi-
 cate  liability  of  owners  in  accordance  with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter for violations  of  bus  lane  restrictions  as
 defined  in  such  section  and shall adjudicate liability of owners for
 violations of subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred  eighty
 of  this  chapter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
 this chapter AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER.   For the  purposes  of  this  article,  a  parking
 violation  is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for
 or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle.  In  addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the  commissioner  of  traffic  of  the  city  or an official possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   § 2-b. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d or subdivision (a) of
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  shall adjudicate

 S. 5223                             7
 
 liability of owners in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c
 of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in
 such  section;  and  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners   for
 violations  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter; AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS
 FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEV-
 EN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.  For the purposes of this  article,  a
 parking  violation  is  the  violation  of  any  law, rule or regulation
 providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehi-
 cle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean
 and include the commissioner of traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official
 possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   § 2-c. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and,  where  authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a)
 of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction
 of traffic infractions which constitute a parking  violation  and  shall
 adjudicate  the  liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  AND
 SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER.
 For  the  purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation
 of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,
 stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
 sioner.
   § 2-d. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and,  where  authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a)
 of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction
 of traffic infractions which constitute a parking  violation  AND  SHALL
 ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER.    For
 the  purposes  of  this article, a parking violation is the violation of
 any law, rule or regulation providing for  or  regulating  the  parking,
 stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
 sioner.
   § 2-e. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
 read as follows:

 S. 5223                             8
 
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction
 of  traffic  infractions  which constitute a parking violation AND SHALL
 ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER. For the
 purposes  of  this  article, a parking violation is the violation of any
 law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,  stop-
 ping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article,
 "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the
 city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   § 2-f. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
 parking violation AND SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR
 VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.  For the purposes of this article,  a  parking
 violation  is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for
 or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle.  In  addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the  commissioner  of  traffic  of  the  city  or an official possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   § 3. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a
 new subdivision 16 to read as follows:
   16. TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVI-
 SION  (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS
 CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAP-
 TER.
   § 4. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of  the  vehicle  and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven  of  this  article,
 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
 to  authorization  set  forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two  of  the
 laws  of  two  thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this
 chapter, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  and  shall
 not  be  deemed  to  include  a  notice  of liability issued pursuant to
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not
 be deemed to include a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  and shall not be deemed to
 include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred
 eighty-b  of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER.

 S. 5223                             9
 
   §  4-a. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4-a of chapter 222  of  the  laws  of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article but
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization  set  forth  in  sections  eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this  chapter  or  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability  issued
 pursuant  to  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall
 not be deemed to include  a  notice  of  liability  issued  pursuant  to
 section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED
 TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4-b. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4-b of chapter 222  of  the  laws  of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter  or  to  a  notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set
 forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter and  shall  not
 be  deemed  to  include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter  and  shall  not  be  deemed  to
 include  a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS
 CHAPTER.
   § 4-c. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-c of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
 forth  in  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter and shall not
 be deemed to include a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO
 INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4-d. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4-d of chapter 222  of  the  laws  of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter  or  to  a  notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set
 forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter AND  SHALL  NOT
 BE  DEEMED  TO  INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.

 S. 5223                            10
 
   § 4-e. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-e of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter  AND  SHALL  NOT  BE  DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED
 PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4-f. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law, as added by chapter 180 of the laws of 1980, is amended to
 read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article AND
 SHALL  NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 5. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  amended  by  section 5 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters  a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of  this  chapter  or
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of  the  laws  of
 two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter, for a violation of
 subdivision (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with  the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b   and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance  with  the
 provisions  of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section  contests
 such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the
 provisions  of  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter contests such allegation, OR A PERSON
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (C),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the  date
 on  which  he  or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The
 form and content of such notice of hearing shall be  prescribed  by  the
 director,  and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading
 or contesting that failure to appear on the date designated, or  on  any
 subsequent  adjourned  date,  shall be deemed an admission of liability,
 and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
 sixteen  of  chapters  twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of
 two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter or an allegation of

 S. 5223                            11
 
 liability in accordance with section two thousand nine  hundred  eighty-
 five  of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty  or an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  OR  AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion
 and  a  hearing  upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been
 held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty  to  that
 person prior to the date of the hearing.
   §  5-a. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as amended by section 5-a of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in  accordance  with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred  eleven-d  of
 this  chapter  or  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter,  or  a  person  alleged  to  be  liable  in accordance with the
 provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section contests
 such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the
 provisions of section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  for
 violations  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter contests such  allegation,  OR  A  PERSON
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date
 on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at  a  hearing.  The
 form  and  content  of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the
 director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person  so  pleading
 or  contesting  that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any
 subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an  admission  of  liability,
 and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws  of two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or  an  allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  or  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b  of  this  chapter  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a
 person in a timely fashion and  a  hearing  upon  the  merits  has  been
 demanded,  but  has  not  yet  been held, the bureau shall not issue any
 notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the  hear-
 ing.

 S. 5223                            12
 
   §  5-b. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as amended by section 5-b of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in
 accordance with the provisions of section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of
 this  chapter  for  a  violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in
 such section, contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this  chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such  allegation,
 OR  A  PERSON  ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF  THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY
 OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall  advise  such
 person  personally  by such form of first class mail as the director may
 direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer  the  charge
 at  a  hearing.  The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be
 prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning  to  advise  the
 person  so pleading that failure to appear on the date designated, or on
 any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission  of  liabil-
 ity, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a
 person  in  a  timely  fashion  and  a  hearing upon the merits has been
 demanded, but has not yet been held, the  bureau  shall  not  issue  any
 notice  of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hear-
 ing.
   § 5-c. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic  law,  as amended by section 5-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or a
 person alleged to be liable in accordance with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
 for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev-
 en hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, OR A  PERSON
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date
 on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at  a  hearing.  The
 form  and  content  of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the
 director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person  so  pleading
 that  failure  to  appear  on  the date designated, or on any subsequent

 S. 5223                            13
 
 adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability,  and  that  a
 default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter,  or
 the  bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or the bureau
 has been notified that an allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hear-
 ing  upon  the  merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the
 bureau shall not issue any notice of fine  or  penalty  to  that  person
 prior to the date of the hearing.
   §  5-d. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as amended by section 5-d of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be  liable
 in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such alle-
 gation, OR A  PERSON  ALLEGED  TO  BE  LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE
 PROVISIONS  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau
 shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail  as
 the  director  may  direct of the date on which he or she must appear to
 answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such  notice  of
 hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning
 to  advise  the  person  so  pleading that failure to appear on the date
 designated, or on any subsequent adjourned  date,  shall  be  deemed  an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter,  is
 being  contested,  or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a
 timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but  has
 not  yet  been  held,  the  bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or
 penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 5-e. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic  law,  as amended by section 5-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
 are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH  THE  PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER
 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the
 bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of  first  class
 mail  as  the  director  may  direct of the date on which he or she must

 S. 5223                            14
 
 appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content  of  such
 notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain
 a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the
 date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter,  OR
 AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person  in  a  timely
 fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet
 been  held,  the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to
 that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 5-f. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic  law, subdivision 1 as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, and
 subdivision 1-a as added by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
 to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D  OF
 THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION,
 the bureau shall advise such person personally by  such  form  of  first
 class  mail  as  the  director  may  direct of the date on which he must
 appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content  of  such
 notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain
 a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the
 date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IS
 BEING  CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the
 merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held,  the  bureau  shall
 not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
 of the hearing.
   § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle
 and  traffic  law, as amended by section 6 of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an
 allegation of liability in accordance with  section  two  thousand  nine
 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this  chapter,  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a  hearing

 S. 5223                            15
 
 examiner  in  accordance  with  rules and regulations promulgated by the
 bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter is
 contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this
 chapter  is  contested  or of a hearing at which liability in accordance
 with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author-
 ities law or sections sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter
 seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the  laws of nineteen hundred fifty is
 contested or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with  section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or OF a hearing at which liabil-
 ity  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
 OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be
 used for the making of the record.
   § 6-a. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-a of  chapter  222  of  the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an
 allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  shall  be  held  before  a hearing examiner in accordance with
 rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance with  sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty,  twenty-one,  and  twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this chapter or OF a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR OF A  HEAR-
 ING  AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for  the
 making of the record.
   § 6-b. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic  law,  as amended by section 6-b of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this
 chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  OR  AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN

 S. 5223                            16
 
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER shall be
 held  before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations
 promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability  in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or of a hear-
 ing at  which  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this chapter or OF a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR OF A  HEAR-
 ING  AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested.  Recording devices may be used for the
 making of the record.
   § 6-c. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-c of  chapter  222  of  the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or an allegation of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this
 chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner
 in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability  in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or OF a hear-
 ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-b  of  this  chapter  OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  is  contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-d. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic  law,  as amended by section 6-d of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules
 and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter is contested or a hearing at which liability in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR A
 HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for
 the making of the record.
   § 6-e. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic  law,  as amended by section 6-e of chapter 222 of the
 laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  shall  be  held

 S. 5223                            17
 
 before  a  hearing  examiner  in  accordance  with rules and regulations
 promulgated by the bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  is  contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-f. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic  law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, are
 amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  shall  be held before a hearing examiner in
 accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not  guilty  OR  A
 HEARING  AT  WHICH  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER.  Recording devices may be used for the  making
 of the record.
   §  7.  Subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7 of chapter 222 of the  laws  of  2015,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two  of  the  laws  of  two  thousand  nine or in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or  in  accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or the record of liabil-
 ities  incurred  in  accordance  with  section two thousand nine hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty of the person charged, or the  record  of
 liabilities  incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c
 of this chapter, or the record of  liabilities  incurred  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR IN THE RECORD
 OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF  THE  PERSON  CHARGED,  as  applicable  prior  to
 rendering  a  final  determination.  Final  determinations sustaining or
 dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll  main-
 tained  by  the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpay-
 ment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two  of  the
 laws  of  two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of  the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter  seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the  laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with

 S. 5223                            18
 
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to  contest  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b  of  this  chapter OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails
 to  appear  on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or
 fails after a hearing to comply with  the  determination  of  a  hearing
 examiner,  as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the
 bureau, such failure to plead or contest,  appear  or  comply  shall  be
 deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds
 for  rendering  and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by
 the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after  the  expiration
 of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default
 judgment  may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the
 applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form
 of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of  the  violation
 charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a
 of  this  chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b
 of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twenty,  twen-
 ty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged or  liabil-
 ity  in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b   and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty alleged or liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2)
 of the impending default  judgment,  (3)  that  such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  contesting
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or
 contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section two
 thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or
 sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of nineteen  hundred  fifty  or  contesting  an
 allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter OR
 CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an appear-
 ance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and
 allegations  contested  within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
 prescribed  in  the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or  owners  who
 are  non-residents  of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
 judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of  impending  default
 judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time

 S. 5223                            19
 
 prescribed for entering a plea  or  contesting  an  allegation.  When  a
 person  has  demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for
 any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
 shall  make  a  determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she
 shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
 was originally charged.
   § 7-a. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  amended by section 7-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine  either
 the  prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of liabilities
 incurred in accordance with sections eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and
 twenty-two  of  the  laws  of  two  thousand  nine or in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the person charged,
 or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities incurred
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,  OR
 THE  RECORD  OF  LIABILITIES  INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON  CHARGED,  as  applicable
 prior to rendering a final determination.  Final determinations sustain-
 ing or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll
 maintained  by  the  bureau  together  with  records showing payment and
 nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with sections eleven hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter  as  added  by
 sections  sixteen  of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of the
 laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter,  or
 fails  to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST  AN
 ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to  appear  on  a  designated
 hearing  date  or  subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to
 comply with the determination of a hearing examiner,  as  prescribed  by
 this  article  or  by  rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to
 plead, contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all  purposes,  an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
 the  bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original   date
 prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and before a default judgment may be
 rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
 provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the  violation  charged,
 or liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter,  as  added  by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one,
 and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter  or  liability

 S. 5223                            20
 
 in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter
 alleged, OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D
 OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that
 such  judgment  will  be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which
 the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or
 any other place provided for the entry of  civil  judgments  within  the
 state  of  New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a
 plea or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, twenty-one, and twenty-two of  the  laws  of
 two  thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
 this chapter, or contesting an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropri-
 ate, or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending  of  such
 notice. Pleas entered and allegations contested within that period shall
 be  in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional
 penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall  not  be
 required  prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of opera-
 tors or owners who are non-residents of the state of  New  York.  In  no
 case  shall  a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice
 of impending default judgment be sent, more than  two  years  after  the
 expiration  of  the time prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an
 allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing,  no  fine  or  penalty
 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
 ing  them,  he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those
 upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-b. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  amended by section 7-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the
 person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the  person  charged,
 or  the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities  incurred
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR
 THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable,
 prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations  sustain-
 ing or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll
 maintained  by  the  bureau  together  with  records showing payment and
 nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this  chapter,  or  contest  an
 allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter,  or

 S. 5223                            21
 
 fails  to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST  AN
 ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated
 hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after  a  hearing  to
 comply  with  the  determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
 this article or by rule or regulation of the  bureau,  such  failure  to
 plead,  appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission
 of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering  a  default
 judgment  in  an  amount  provided  by  the rules and regulations of the
 bureau. However, after the expiration of the  original  date  prescribed
 for  entering  a  plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in
 such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of  law
 notify  such  operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the
 commission may direct; (1) of the violation  charged,  or  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, or
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this
 chapter,  or alleged liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter or alleged liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR ALLEGED LIABILITY IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER,  (2)  of  the
 impending  default  judgment,  (3) that such judgment will be entered in
 the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or
 other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place  provided  for  the
 entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  or  contesting  an  allegation  of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c  of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGA-
 TION  OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF
 THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of  the  sending
 of  such notice. Pleas entered within that period shall be in the manner
 prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who
 are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall  a  default
 judgment  be  rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
 judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time
 prescribed  for  entering a plea.  When a person has demanded a hearing,
 no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding
 of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make  a  determination  on
 the  charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty
 or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-c. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  amended by section 7-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine  either
 the  prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of liabilities
 incurred in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this
 chapter  of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  of  the

 S. 5223                            22
 
 person  charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  OR  THE  RECORD  OF
 LIABILITIES  INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D
 OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering
 a  final  determination.  Final  determinations sustaining or dismissing
 charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the
 bureau together with records showing payment and  nonpayment  of  penal-
 ties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an alle-
 gation  of  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability  incurred
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter OR
 FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a
 designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or  fails  after  a
 hearing  to  comply  with  the  determination  of a hearing examiner, as
 prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau,  such
 failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
 the  bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original   date
 prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and before a default judgment may be
 rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
 provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of this chapter or liability in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 eighty-b  of  this  chapter  alleged,  OR  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)  of  the
 impending  default  judgment,  (3) that such judgment will be entered in
 the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or
 other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place  provided  for  the
 entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  or  contesting  an  allegation  of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance
 within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas  entered  within
 that  period  shall  be  in  the manner prescribed in the notice and not
 subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of  impending  default
 judgment  shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof
 in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of
 New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be  rendered  or,  where
 required,  a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two
 years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering  a  plea.
 When  a  person  has  demanded  a  hearing,  no fine or penalty shall be
 imposed for any reason, prior to the holding  of  the  hearing.  If  the
 hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining
 them, he shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those  upon  which
 the person was originally charged.

 S. 5223                            23
 
   §  7-d. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7-d of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities  incurred  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the
 person charged OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED,
 as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination.  Final determi-
 nations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be  entered  on  a  final
 determination  roll maintained by the bureau together with records show-
 ing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contest an alle-
 gation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-d
 of  this  chapter  OR  CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION  OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails
 to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned  date  or
 fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
 examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
 bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
 purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering
 and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the  rules  and
 regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
 date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending
 default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil
 Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
 court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
 civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
 be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation  of  liability
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or
 contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABIL-
 ITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 or  making  an  appearance  within  thirty  days  of the sending of such
 notice.   Pleas entered within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
 prescribed  in  the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or  owners  who
 are  non-residents  of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
 judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of  impending  default
 judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time
 prescribed for entering a plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no
 fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of

 S. 5223                            24
 
 the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination  on  the
 charges,  sustaining  them,  he  shall impose no greater penalty or fine
 than those upon which the person was originally charged.
   §  7-e. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7-e of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that  the  charges  have been sustained he or she may examine the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  of  the
 person  charged OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE  PERSON  CHARGED,
 as  applicable, prior to rendering a final determination. Final determi-
 nations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be  entered  on  a  final
 determination  roll maintained by the bureau together with records show-
 ing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLE-
 GATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date
 or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the
 determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by
 rule  or  regulation  of  the  bureau,  such failure to plead, appear or
 comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability  and
 shall  be  grounds  for  rendering and entering a default judgment in an
 amount provided by the rules and regulations  of  the  bureau.  However,
 after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
 and  before  a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau
 shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such  operator
 or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
 (1)  of  the  violation  charged or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2)
 of the impending default  judgment,  (3)  that  such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  contesting
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER or
 making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of  such  notice.
 Pleas  entered  within  that period shall be in the manner prescribed in
 the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice  of
 impending  default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering
 and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who  are  non-resi-
 dents  of  the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be
 rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default  judgment  be
 sent,  more  than  two years after the expiration of the time prescribed
 for entering a plea.  When a person has demanded a hearing, no  fine  or
 penalty  shall  be  imposed  for any reason, prior to the holding of the
 hearing. If the hearing examiner  shall  make  a  determination  on  the
 charges,  sustaining  them,  he  shall impose no greater penalty or fine
 than those upon which the person was originally charged.

 S. 5223                            25

   § 7-f. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  subdivision  1  as  added  by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, and
 subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
 to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that  the  charges  have  been sustained he may examine the prior
 parking violations record OR  THE  RECORD  OF  LIABILITIES  INCURRED  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER of the
 person charged, AS APPLICABLE, prior to rendering a final determination.
 Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall  be  entered
 on  a  final  determination  roll maintained by the bureau together with
 records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  OR  CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or fails
 to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned  date  or
 fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
 examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
 bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
 purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering
 and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the  rules  and
 regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
 date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged OR
 LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS
 CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment,  (3)  that  such
 judgment  will  be  entered  in the Civil Court of the city in which the
 bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any
 other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within  the  state
 of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea OR
 CONTESTING  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance  within  thirty
 days  of  the  sending  of such notice. Pleas entered within that period
 shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi-
 tional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default  judgment  shall
 not  be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of
 operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New  York.  In
 no  case  shall  a  default  judgment  be rendered or, where required, a
 notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years  after
 the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea. When a person
 has  demanded  a  hearing,  no  fine or penalty shall be imposed for any
 reason, prior to the holding of the hearing.  If  the  hearing  examiner
 shall  make  a  determination  on the charges, sustaining them, he shall
 impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the  person  was
 originally charged.
   §  8.  The  vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
 1180-d to read as follows:
   § 1180-D. OWNER LIABILITY FOR  FAILURE  OF  OPERATOR  TO  COMPLY  WITH
 CERTAIN  POSTED  MAXIMUM  SPEED LIMITS. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER
 PROVISION OF LAW, THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE IS  HEREBY  AUTHOR-
 IZED TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON
 THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH
 POSTED  MAXIMUM  SPEED  LIMITS  IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE

 S. 5223                            26
 
 WORK AREA ON A STATE HIGHWAY (I) WHEN A WORK  AREA  SPEED  LIMIT  IS  IN
 EFFECT  AS  PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY
 OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II)  WHEN  OTHER  SPEED  LIMITS  ARE  IN  EFFECT  AS
 PROVIDED  IN  SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. SUCH DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  SHALL  EMPOWER  THE
 SUPERINTENDENT  OF STATE POLICE, IN COOPERATION WITH THE COMMISSIONER OF
 TRANSPORTATION, THE COMMISSIONER OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND THE  CHAIRMAN  OF
 THE  NEW  YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORITY, TO INSTALL PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION
 MONITORING SYSTEMS WITHIN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS
 ON STATE HIGHWAYS AND TO OPERATE SUCH SYSTEMS WITHIN  SUCH  AREAS  (III)
 WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (F)
 OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER
 SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B), (C),  (D)  OR
 (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. IN SELECTING A
 HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IN WHICH  TO  INSTALL  AND
 OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, THE SUPERINTENDENT OF
 STATE  POLICE  SHALL CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
 SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND THE ROADWAY GEOMETRY APPLICABLE  TO  SUCH
 HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA.
   2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, A COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR
 VILLAGE IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOS-
 ING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPER-
 ATOR  THEREOF  TO  COMPLY  WITH POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS IN A HIGHWAY
 CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA ON LOCAL ROADS WITHIN SUCH AUTHOR-
 IZED MUNICIPALITY (I) WHEN A WORK AREA  SPEED  LIMIT  IS  IN  EFFECT  AS
 PROVIDED  IN  SUBDIVISION  (F)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS
 ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN  EFFECT  AS  PROVIDED  IN
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS ARTICLE. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL  EMPOWER  THE  AUTHORIZED
 MUNICIPALITY IN COOPERATION WITH THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE, THE
 COMMISSIONER  OF  TRANSPORTATION, THE COMMISSIONER OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND
 THE CHAIRMAN OF THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORITY, TO  INSTALL  PHOTO
 SPEED  VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WITHIN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAIN-
 TENANCE WORK AREAS ON LOCAL ROADS WITHIN SUCH MUNICIPALITY AND TO  OPER-
 ATE SUCH SYSTEMS WITHIN SUCH AREAS (III) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS
 IN  EFFECT  AS  PROVIDED  IN  SUBDIVISION  (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT  AS
 PROVIDED  IN  SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. IN SELECTING A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION  OR  MAINTE-
 NANCE  WORK AREA IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION
 MONITORING SYSTEM, THE AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY SHALL  CONSIDER  CRITERIA
 INCLUDING,  BUT  NOT  LIMITED  TO THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND THE
 ROADWAY GEOMETRY APPLICABLE TO SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR  MAINTENANCE
 WORK AREA.
   3. NO PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE USED IN A HIGH-
 WAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA UNLESS (I) ON THE DAY IT IS TO
 BE  USED  IT  HAS  SUCCESSFULLY PASSED A SELF-TEST OF ITS FUNCTIONS; AND
 (II) IT HAS UNDERGONE AN ANNUAL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED PURSUANT  TO
 PARAGRAPH  FIVE  OF THIS SUBDIVISION. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE
 OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY SHALL INSTALL  SIGNS  GIVING  NOTICE  THAT  A
 PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM  IS  IN USE TO BE MOUNTED ON
 ADVANCE WARNING SIGNS NOTIFYING MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATORS OF SUCH UPCOMING
 HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK  AREA  AND/OR  ON  SPEED  LIMIT
 SIGNS  APPLICABLE  WITHIN  SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK
 AREA, IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN THE MUTCD.

 S. 5223                            27
 
   4. OPERATORS OF PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING  SYSTEMS  SHALL  HAVE
 COMPLETED  TRAINING IN THE PROCEDURES FOR SETTING UP, TESTING, AND OPER-
 ATING SUCH SYSTEMS. EACH SUCH OPERATOR SHALL COMPLETE AND SIGN  A  DAILY
 SET-UP  LOG FOR EACH SUCH SYSTEM THAT HE OR SHE OPERATES THAT (I) STATES
 THE  DATE  AND  TIME WHEN, AND THE LOCATION WHERE, THE SYSTEM WAS SET UP
 THAT DAY, AND (II) STATES THAT SUCH OPERATOR SUCCESSFULLY PERFORMED, AND
 THE SYSTEM PASSED, THE SELF-TESTS OF  SUCH  SYSTEM  BEFORE  PRODUCING  A
 RECORDED  IMAGE  THAT DAY. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHOR-
 IZED MUNICIPALITY SHALL RETAIN EACH SUCH DAILY LOG UNTIL  THE  LATER  OF
 THE  DATE  ON WHICH THE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM TO WHICH
 IT APPLIES HAS BEEN PERMANENTLY REMOVED FROM USE OR THE FINAL RESOLUTION
 OF ALL CASES INVOLVING NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS,
 MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEO  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES  PRODUCED  BY  SUCH
 SYSTEM.
   5. EACH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL UNDERGO AN ANNU-
 AL  CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED BY AN INDEPENDENT CALIBRATION LABORATORY
 WHICH SHALL ISSUE A SIGNED CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION.  THE  SUPERINTEN-
 DENT  OF  STATE  POLICE  OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY SHALL KEEP EACH SUCH
 ANNUAL CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION ON FILE UNTIL THE FINAL RESOLUTION  OF
 ALL  CASES INVOLVING A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED DURING SUCH YEAR WHICH
 WERE BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM.
   6. (I) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES
 TO ENSURE, TO THE  EXTENT  PRACTICABLE,  THAT  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY  THE
 DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED, HOWEV-
 ER, THAT NO NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 DISMISSED  SOLELY  BECAUSE SUCH A PHOTOGRAPH, MICROPHOTOGRAPH, VIDEOTAPE
 OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE DRIVER, THE
 PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF  VEHICLES  WHERE  THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF
 STATE  POLICE  OR  AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY SHOWS THAT REASONABLE EFFORTS
 WERE MADE TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN SUCH CASE.
   (II) PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER  RECORDED
 IMAGE  FROM  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE FOR THE
 EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED  MUNI-
 CIPALITY FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED PURSU-
 ANT  TO  THIS  SECTION  AND OF THE OWNER RECEIVING A NOTICE OF LIABILITY
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, AND SHALL BE DESTROYED BY  THE  SUPERINTENDENT
 OF  STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY UPON THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF
 THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY TO  WHICH  SUCH  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,
 VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES RELATE, OR ONE YEAR FOLLOWING THE
 DATE OF ISSUANCE OF  SUCH  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY,  WHICHEVER  IS  LATER.
 NOTWITHSTANDING  THE  PROVISIONS OF ANY OTHER LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO
 THE CONTRARY, PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  ANY  OTHER
 RECORDED  IMAGE FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT
 BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, NOR SUBJECT  TO  CIVIL  OR  CRIMINAL  PROCESS  OR
 DISCOVERY,  NOR USED BY ANY COURT OR ADMINISTRATIVE OR ADJUDICATORY BODY
 IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING THEREIN EXCEPT THAT WHICH IS  NECESSARY  FOR
 THE  ADJUDICATION  OF  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION, AND NO PUBLIC ENTITY OR  EMPLOYEE,  OFFICER  OR  AGENT  THEREOF
 SHALL DISCLOSE SUCH INFORMATION, EXCEPT THAT SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHO-
 TOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED IMAGES FROM SUCH SYSTEMS:
   (A) SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION AND COPYING AND USE BY THE MOTOR
 VEHICLE  OWNER AND OPERATOR FOR SO LONG AS SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-

 S. 5223                            28
 
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES ARE REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINED
 OR ARE MAINTAINED BY SUCH PUBLIC ENTITY, EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT; AND
   (B)  (1)  SHALL BE FURNISHED WHEN DESCRIBED IN A SEARCH WARRANT ISSUED
 BY A COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE
 SIX HUNDRED NINETY OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE  LAW  OR  A  FEDERAL  COURT
 AUTHORIZED  TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE SUCH
 SEARCH WARRANT STATES THAT THERE IS REASONABLE  CAUSE  TO  BELIEVE  SUCH
 INFORMATION  CONSTITUTES  EVIDENCE  OF,  OR TENDS TO DEMONSTRATE THAT, A
 MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE WAS COMMITTED IN  THIS  STATE  OR  ANOTHER
 STATE,  OR  THAT A PARTICULAR PERSON PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMISSION OF A
 MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE,  PROVIDED,
 HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, THE
 COURT  SHALL ONLY ISSUE A WARRANT IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE
 WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A  MISDEMEANOR  OR  FELONY
 AGAINST THE LAWS OF THIS STATE; AND
   (2) SHALL BE FURNISHED IN RESPONSE TO A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM SIGNED BY
 A  JUDGE  OF  COMPETENT  JURISDICTION AND ISSUED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SIX
 HUNDRED TEN OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE OF  A
 FEDERAL  COURT  AUTHORIZED  TO  ISSUE  SUCH A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM UNDER
 FEDERAL LAW, WHERE THE JUDGE FINDS AND THE SUBPOENA STATES THAT THERE IS
 REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION IS RELEVANT AND MATERIAL TO
 THE PROSECUTION, OR THE DEFENSE, OR THE INVESTIGATION BY  AN  AUTHORIZED
 LAW  ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL, OF THE ALLEGED COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR OR
 FELONY IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT  IF  SUCH
 OFFENSE  WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, SUCH JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE
 SHALL ONLY ISSUE SUCH SUBPOENA IF THE CONDUCT  COMPRISING  SUCH  OFFENSE
 WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN
 THIS STATE; AND
   (3)  MAY,  IF LAWFULLY OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THIS CLAUSE AND CLAUSE (A)
 OF THIS SUBPARAGRAPH AND OTHERWISE ADMISSIBLE, BE USED IN SUCH  CRIMINAL
 ACTION OR PROCEEDING.
   (B)  IF  THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY
 ESTABLISHES A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF  THIS
 SECTION,  THE  OWNER  OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED OR OPERATED  WITH  THE
 PERMISSION   OF   THE  OWNER,  EXPRESS  OR  IMPLIED,  WITHIN  A  HIGHWAY
 CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (F) OR
 IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C),  (D)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, SUCH VEHICLE WAS TRAVELING AT A SPEED OF
 MORE  THAN  TEN  MILES  PER  HOUR ABOVE THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT IN EFFECT
 WITHIN SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR  MAINTENANCE  WORK  AREA,  AND  SUCH
 VIOLATION  IS  EVIDENCED  BY  INFORMATION  OBTAINED  FROM  A PHOTO SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE
 SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE
 OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING  VIOLATION
 OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (C) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL  HAVE  THE
 FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1.  "MANUAL  ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD" SHALL MEAN
 THE MANUAL AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM  OF  TRAFFIC  CONTROL
 DEVICES  MAINTAINED  BY  THE  COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION PURSUANT TO
 SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER;
   2. "OWNER" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE  TWO-B  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER;

 S. 5223                            29
 
   3.  "PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A VEHICLE
 SENSOR INSTALLED TO WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A  SPEED  MEASURING  DEVICE
 WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICRO-
 PHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE
 TIME  IT  IS  USED  OR OPERATED IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE
 WORK AREA IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),  (C),  (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF THIS ARTICLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
 PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION; AND
   4. "AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY"  SHALL  MEAN  A  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR
 VILLAGE  WHICH  HAS  ESTABLISHED A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO THE
 PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION.
   (D) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A  TECHNICIAN  EMPLOYED  BY
 THE  DIVISION  OF  STATE  POLICE,  OR  A  FACSIMILE  THEREOF, BASED UPON
 INSPECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGES PRODUCED BY A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM,  SHALL  BE
 PRIMA  FACIE  EVIDENCE  OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTOGRAPHS,
 MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES EVIDENCING  SUCH  A
 VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE
 REAR  OF  THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT NEAR
 THE MOTOR VEHICLE AND SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR  INSPECTION  REASONABLY  IN
 ADVANCE  OF  AND  AT ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY FOR SUCH
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (E) AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)
 OR  (G)  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO A
 DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTABLISHED PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION  SHALL  BE
 LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND
 PENALTIES  TO  BE  PROMULGATED  BY  THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OF THE
 MUNICIPALITY IN WHICH THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK  AREA
 IS  LOCATED.  THE  LIABILITY OF THE OWNER PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL
 NOT EXCEED FIFTY DOLLARS FOR EACH  VIOLATION;  PROVIDED,  HOWEVER,  THAT
 SUCH PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU MAY PROVIDE FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT
 IN  EXCESS  OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION FOR THE FAILURE TO
 RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
   (F) AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM  ESTAB-
 LISHED  PURSUANT  TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN
 OPERATOR AND SHALL NOT BE MADE PART  OF  THE  OPERATING  RECORD  OF  THE
 PERSON  UPON  WHOM  SUCH  LIABILITY  IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT BE USED FOR
 INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
   (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI-
 CLE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION,  WITHIN FOURTEEN BUSINESS DAYS IF SUCH
 OWNER IS A RESIDENT OF THIS STATE AND WITHIN FORTY-FIVE BUSINESS DAYS IF
 SUCH OWNER IS A NON-RESIDENT. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER  SHALL  NOT
 BE  REQUIRED.  A  MANUAL  OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE
 ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF  THE  FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN.
   2.  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI-
 CLE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION, THE REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VEHICLE
 INVOLVED IN SUCH VIOLATION,  THE  LOCATION  WHERE  SUCH  VIOLATION  TOOK
 PLACE, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF
 THE  CAMERA  WHICH  RECORDED  THE  VIOLATION  OR  OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR
 NUMBER, AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF  THE  REAR  OF  THE

 S. 5223                            30
 
 MOTOR  VEHICLE  THAT  INCLUDE  THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT NEAR THE MOTOR
 VEHICLE, AND THE CERTIFICATE CHARGING THE LIABILITY.
   3.  THE  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE
 PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST
 THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO
 CONTAIN A PROMINENT WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO
 CONTEST IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION  OF
 LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   4.  THE  NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE DIVI-
 SION OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY, OR BY ANY OTHER  ENTITY
 AUTHORIZED  BY  THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNICI-
 PALITY TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
   (H) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS  SECTION
 SHALL  BE  BY THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OF THE MUNICIPALITY IN WHICH
 THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IS LOCATED.
   (I) IF AN OWNER RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE
 OR  PLATES  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  WAS  REPORTED TO THE POLICE DEPARTMENT AS
 HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A VALID  DEFENSE  TO  AN  ALLEGATION  OF
 LIABILITY  FOR  A  VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO  THIS  SECTION
 THAT  THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE HAD BEEN
 REPORTED TO THE POLICE  AS  STOLEN  PRIOR  TO  THE  TIME  THE  VIOLATION
 OCCURRED  AND  HAD  NOT  BEEN  RECOVERED  BY  SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES OF
 ASSERTING THE DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION, IT SHALL  BE  SUFFI-
 CIENT  THAT  A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN VEHICLE
 OR NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO
 THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OF THE MUNICIPALITY IN WHICH  THE  HIGHWAY
 CONSTRUCTION  OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IS LOCATED OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY
 AUTHORIZED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR  AUTHORIZED  MUNICI-
 PALITY TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
   (J)  1.  AN  OWNER  WHO  IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS  SECTION  SHALL
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G)
 OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION, PROVIDED THAT:
   (I) PRIOR TO THE VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS  FILED  WITH  SUCH  PARKING
 VIOLATIONS  BUREAU  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS OF SECTION TWO
 HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   (II) WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM  SUCH  DIVI-
 SION OF THE DATE AND TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFOR-
 MATION CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS
 TO SUCH DIVISION THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHI-
 CLE IDENTIFIED IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION,
 TOGETHER WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL,
 LEASE  OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY SUCH
 DIVISION PURSUANT TO  REGULATIONS  THAT  MAY  BE  PROMULGATED  FOR  SUCH
 PURPOSE.
   2.  FAILURE  TO COMPLY WITH SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS
 SUBDIVISION SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED  IN
 THIS SECTION.
   3.  WHERE  THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH ONE OF
 THIS SUBDIVISION, THE LESSEE  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  ON  THE  DATE  OF  SUCH
 VIOLATION  SHALL  BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES
 OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSU-

 S. 5223                            31
 
 ANT TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT  TO
 SUBDIVISION (I) OF THIS SECTION.
   (K)  1.  IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR (D)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION  WAS  NOT  THE  OPERATOR  OF  THE  VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME OF THE
 VIOLATION, THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION  AGAINST
 THE OPERATOR.
   2.  NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF A
 VEHICLE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO A MONETARY FINE  IMPOSED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
 OUT  THE  CONSENT  OF  THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR OPERATED SUCH
 VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS  SUBDIVISION
 THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPER-
 ATING  SUCH  VEHICLE  WITH  THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME OF SUCH
 OPERATOR OPERATED SUCH VEHICLE IN VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (L)  NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY
 OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR  (D)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (M)  IF  THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY
 ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM  PURSUANT  TO  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF  THIS
 SECTION  SUCH  SUPERINTENDENT OR AUTHORIZED MUNICIPALITY SHALL CONDUCT A
 STUDY AND SUBMIT A REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF PHOTO DEVICES  TO
 THE  GOVERNOR,  THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF
 THE ASSEMBLY. SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE:
   1. THE LOCATIONS WHERE AND DATES WHEN PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING
 SYSTEMS WERE USED;
   2. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND  SEVERITY  OF  CRASHES,  FATALITIES,
 INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR
 MAINTENANCE  WORK  AREAS WITHIN THE STATE OR MUNICIPALITY, TO THE EXTENT
 THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT  OF  MOTOR  VEHICLES  OF
 THIS STATE;
   3.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER,  TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES,
 INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED  WITHIN  HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION  OR
 MAINTENANCE  WORK  AREAS  WHERE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS
 WERE USED, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT
 OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   4. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL  HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION
 OR  MAINTENANCE  WORK  AREAS  WITHIN  THE  STATE OR MUNICIPALITY, IN THE
 AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   5. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION
 OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM
 IS USED, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   6.  THE  NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
 OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS WITHIN THE STATE OR MUNICIPALITY THAT WERE:
   (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES  PER  HOUR  OVER  THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   7.  THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
 OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM
 IS USED THAT WERE:

 S. 5223                            32
 
   (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES  PER  HOUR  OVER  THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   8.  THE  TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   9. THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE  FIRST
 NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   10. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND THE RESULTS OF SUCH ADJU-
 DICATIONS  INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS  OF  DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   11. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY THE STATE OR  MUNICIPALITY
 IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM;
   12.  THE  EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE DIVISION OF STATE POLICE OR AUTHOR-
 IZED MUNICIPALITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM; AND
   13. THE QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS.
   (N) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
 VISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO THIS SECTION THAT SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION
 MONITORING  SYSTEM  WAS  MALFUNCTIONING  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE  ALLEGED
 VIOLATION.
   §  9.  The  opening  paragraph  and  paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of
 section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10 of
 chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
   Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of  this
 state  result  in  a  conviction  for an offense under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule
 or  regulation  adopted  pursuant  to this chapter, other than a traffic
 infraction involving standing, stopping, or  parking  or  violations  by
 pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an  adjudication  in  accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of
 a bus lane restriction as defined in such  section,  or  other  than  an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)
 of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  adju-
 dication  of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven  hundred  eighty
 of  this  chapter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of
 this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  OR  OTHER  THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED

 S. 5223                            33
 
 EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime victim assist-
 ance fee and a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required
 or permitted by law, in accordance with the following schedule:
   (c)  Whenever  proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for  an  offense  under  this  chapter
 other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this
 chapter,  or  a  traffic  infraction under this chapter, or a local law,
 ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to  this  chapter,  other
 than  a  traffic  infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-a  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter, or other than an infraction pursuant
 to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil-
 ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations  pursuant
 to  section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than
 an adjudication in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of
 this  chapter  for  a  violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in
 such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b  of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-c of this chapter, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  OR  OTHER  THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION  OF
 LIABILITY  OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)
 OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS  CHAPTER  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be
 levied a crime victim assistance fee in the amount of five dollars and a
 mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required  or  permitted
 by law, in the amount of fifty-five dollars.
   §  9-a.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-a of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule
 or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter,  other  than  a  traffic
 infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equip-
 ment  or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adju-
 dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven

 S. 5223                            34
 
 hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
 than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi-
 vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter  in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,
 or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-c of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF  LIABILITY  OF  AN
 OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  there shall be levied a mandatory
 surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law,  in
 the amount of twenty-five dollars.
   §  9-b.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-b of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
 than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdi-
 vision  (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
 or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation
 of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-c  of  this  chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN
 OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there  shall  be  levied  a  mandatory
 surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in
 the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 9-c. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  amended  by  section  10-c  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or

 S. 5223                            35
 
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),
 (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this  chapter,
 OR  OTHER  THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of  liability  of  an
 owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a  violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge,  in  addition  to  any
 sentence  required  or  permitted  by  law,  in  the amount of seventeen
 dollars.
   § 9-d. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  amended  by  section  10-d  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),
 (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN
 AN  ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS  CHAPTER,
 or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or
 other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
 subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter,  there
 shall  be  levied  a  mandatory  surcharge,  in addition to any sentence
 required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 9-e. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  amended  by  section  10-e  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION
 OF  LIABILITY  OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adju-
 dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of

 S. 5223                            36
 
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there shall be levied a manda-
 tory surcharge, in addition to any sentence  required  or  permitted  by
 law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  9-f.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10-f of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION
 OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),  (C),  (D),
 (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, or other than
 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
 (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, there shall be levied a
 mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required  or  permitted
 by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  9-g.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by chapter 16 of the laws of 1983 and  chapter  62
 of the laws of 1989, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION
 OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),  (C),  (D),
 (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER,  there  shall
 be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or
 permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  10.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 11 of chapter 222 of the laws  of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-b of this chapter, and
 except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of a violation of a bus lane restriction as
 defined in such section, and except an adjudication of liability  of  an
 owner  for  a  violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section

 S. 5223                            37
 
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, and except an  adjudication  of
 liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)
 or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this  chapter  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of this chapter, and except an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection
 regulations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b   and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY  OF  AN  OWNER
 FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied in addition to
 any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted  by  law,
 an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 11-a of chapter 222 of  the  laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
 ter,  and  except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with section eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined  in such section, and except an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)
 or  (g)  of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter,  and  except  an
 adjudication  of  liability  of  an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this  chapter,
 AND  EXCEPT  AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY
 OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF
 THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for  a
 violation  of  toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thou-
 sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
 to  any  sentence,  penalty  or other surcharge required or permitted by
 law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   § 10-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law, as amended by section 11-b of chapter 222 of the laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or

 S. 5223                            38
 
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-c of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF  LIABIL-
 ITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G)
 OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except  an  adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regu-
 lations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter  seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the  laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, there shall be levied in addition to  any  sentence,  penalty  or
 other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of
 twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 11-c of chapter 222 of  the  laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-c of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER
 FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liabil-
 ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations  pursuant
 to  section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there  shall
 be  levied  in  addition  to  any  sentence,  penalty or other surcharge
 required or permitted by law, an additional  surcharge  of  twenty-eight
 dollars.
   §  10-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 11-d of chapter 222 of  the  laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:

 S. 5223                            39
 
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to  section  two
 thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law or
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty, there shall be
 levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 11-e of chapter 222 of  the  laws
 of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to  section  two
 thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law or
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty, there shall be
 levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 5 of part C of chapter 55 of  the
 laws of 2013, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or

 S. 5223                            40
 
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-D OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for  a  violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two
 thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or
 sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen  hundred  fifty,  there  shall  be
 levied  in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   § 11. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision  5-a  of  section
 401  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of chapter
 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
 of there is a certification from a  court,  parking  violations  bureau,
 traffic  and  parking  violations  agency  or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry of a final decision in response to a
 total of three or more summonses or  other  process  in  the  aggregate,
 issued  within  an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such
 motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor  vehi-
 cle  was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without
 being licensed as a motor vehicle for  hire  by  the  appropriate  local
 authority,  in  violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
 any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by  a  local  authority;  or
 (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a,  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  or section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter;  or (iii) the registrant was
 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
 ter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane  restriction as defined in such
 section, or (iv) the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or (v)  the
 registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c
 of  this  chapter  for  a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter,  OR  (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (C) OR (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commis-
 sioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal appli-
 cation  until  the  applicant provides proof from the court, traffic and
 parking violations agency or administrative tribunal wherein the charges
 are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of
 an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied  with  the  rules
 and  regulations  of  said tribunal following entry of a final decision.
 Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commission-
 er may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal  appli-
 cation to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registra-

 S. 5223                            41
 
 tion  or  renewal  application for any other motor vehicle registered in
 the name of the applicant where the  commissioner  has  determined  that
 such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion  and  where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that
 such registration or renewal will  have  the  effect  of  defeating  the
 purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as
 long  as  the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an adminis-
 trative tribunal, the registrant fails to  comply  with  the  rules  and
 regulations following entry of a final decision.
   §  11-a.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-a of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in  response  to  a
 total  of  three  or  more  summonses or other process in the aggregate,
 issued within an eighteen month period, charging either that:  (i)  such
 motor  vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehi-
 cle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent  without
 being  licensed  as  a  motor  vehicle for hire by the appropriate local
 authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter  or  of
 any  law,  ordinance,  rule  or regulation made by a local authority; or
 (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter;  or (iii) the registrant was
 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
 ter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane  restriction as defined in such
 section; or (iv) the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter or (v)  the  regis-
 trant  was  liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (v) the registrant was
 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this  chap-
 ter  for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter;  OR  (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or
 renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or
 administrative  tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appear-
 ance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative  tribu-
 nal  that  he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of said
 tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where  an  application  is
 denied  pursuant  to  this  section, the commissioner may, in his or her
 discretion, deny a registration or  renewal  application  to  any  other
 person  for  the  same  vehicle  and  may deny a registration or renewal
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the

 S. 5223                            42
 
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  11-b.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-b of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped
 or  standing,  or  that  such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the
 registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
 for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in  accord-
 ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section; or (iii)
 the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accord-
 ance with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  FOR A
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER;  or (v) the registrant was liable in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny  the  registra-
 tion  or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the
 court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an
 appearance or answer has been made or in the case of  an  administrative
 tribunal  that  he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of
 said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an  application
 is  denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her
 discretion, deny a registration or  renewal  application  to  any  other
 person  for  the  same  vehicle  and  may deny a registration or renewal
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.

 S. 5223                            43
 
   §  11-c.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-c of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped
 or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated  for  hire  by  the
 registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
 for  hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accord-
 ance with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter, or the registrant was liable  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred eighty-c of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, OR THE
 REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D
 OF  THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; or (iv) the registrant
 was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  for  a  violation  of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall  deny
 the  registration  or  renewal  application until the applicant provides
 proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges  are
 pending  that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an
 administrative tribunal that he has complied with the  rules  and  regu-
 lations  of  said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an
 application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in
 his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any
 other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  11-d.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-d of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to

 S. 5223                            44
 
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant or his agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by
 the  appropriate  local authority, in violation of any of the provisions
 of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made  by  a
 local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of this chapter for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, or the
 registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
 of  this  chapter  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in  accord-
 ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter,  the  commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registra-
 tion or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from  the
 court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an
 appearance  or  answer has been made or in the case of an administrative
 tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and  regulations  of
 said  tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application
 is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or  her
 discretion,  deny  a  registration  or  renewal application to any other
 person for the same vehicle and  may  deny  a  registration  or  renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 11-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-e of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period,  charging  that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle  for
 hire  by  the  appropriate  local  authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by  a  local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY
 OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or the registrant

 S. 5223                            45
 
 was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  for  a  violation  of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this chapter, the commissioner or his or her agent shall  deny
 the  registration  or  renewal  application until the applicant provides
 proof from the court or administrative tribunal wherein the charges  are
 pending  that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an
 administrative tribunal that he has complied with the  rules  and  regu-
 lations  of said tribunal following entry of a final decision.  Where an
 application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in
 his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any
 other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  11-f.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 8-f of chapter 222 of the laws of
 2015, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant  or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for
 hire by the appropriate local authority, in  violation  of  any  of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS  LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY
 OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter,  the  commissioner
 or  his  or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application
 until the applicant provides proof  from  the  court  or  administrative
 tribunal  wherein  the  charges are pending that an appearance or answer
 has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that  he  has
 complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry
 of  a  final  decision.  Where an application is denied pursuant to this
 section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny  a  regis-
 tration  or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle
 and may deny a registration or renewal application for any  other  motor
 vehicle  registered  in the name of the applicant where the commissioner
 has determined that such registrant's  intent  has  been  to  evade  the
 purposes  of  this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable
 grounds to believe that such  registration  or  renewal  will  have  the
 effect  of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall
 only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in

 S. 5223                            46
 
 the  case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply
 with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   §  11-g.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 339 and  592  of  the
 laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction  that  the  registrant  or  his  representative
 failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or
 failed to comply with the rules and  regulations  of  an  administrative
 tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to three or
 more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period,
 charging that such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped  or  standing,  or
 that  such  motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant or his
 agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by  the  appro-
 priate  local  authority,  in violation of any of the provisions of this
 chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation  made  by  a  local
 authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEV-
 EN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
 the  commissioner  or  his  agent shall deny the registration or renewal
 application until the applicant provides proof from the court or  admin-
 istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or
 answer  has  been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that
 he has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal  follow-
 ing  entry  of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant
 to this section, the commissioner may, in his discretion, deny a  regis-
 tration  or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle
 and may deny a registration or renewal application for any  other  motor
 vehicle  registered  in the name of the applicant where the commissioner
 has determined that such registrant's  intent  has  been  to  evade  the
 purposes  of  this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable
 grounds to believe that such  registration  or  renewal  will  have  the
 effect  of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall
 only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in
 the  case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply
 with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 12. Subdivision 2 of section  87  of  the  public  officers  law  is
 amended by adding a new paragraph (p) to read as follows:
   (P)  ARE  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGES PREPARED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-D
 OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
   §  13.  The purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program
 pursuant to section 1180-d of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law  shall  be
 subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law.
   §  14.  This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall
 have become a law and shall expire 5 years  after  such  effective  date
 when upon such date the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed;
 and  provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation of
 this act on its effective date shall be promulgated on  or  before  such
 effective date, provided that:
   (a)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section one of this act shall not affect the expira-
 tion of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when  upon
 such date the provisions of section one-a of this act shall take effect;

 S. 5223                            47
 
   (a-1)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-a of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-b of this act shall take effect;
   (a-2)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-b of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-c of this act shall take effect;
   (a-3) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-c  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-d of this act shall take effect;
   (a-4)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-d of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-e of this act shall take effect;
   (a-5) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-e  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-f of this act shall take effect;
   (a-6)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-f of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-g of this act shall take effect;
   (b) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle  and
 traffic law made by section two of this act shall not affect the expira-
 tion  of  such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section two-a of this  act  shall  take
 effect;
   (b-1)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-a of this act shall not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-b of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (b-2)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-b of this act shall not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-c of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (b-3)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-c of this act shall not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-d of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (b-4)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-d of this act shall not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-e of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (b-5)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-e of this act shall not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-f of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (c)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four of this act  shall  not

 S. 5223                            48
 
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-a of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-1) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-a of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-b of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-2) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-b of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-c of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-3) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-c of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-d of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-4) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-d of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-e of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-5) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-e of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-f of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section  five  of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-a of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-1) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-a of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-b of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-2)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section five-b of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-c of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-3) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-c of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-d of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-4)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section five-d of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-e of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-5) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-e of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire

 S. 5223                            49
 
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-f of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (e)  the  amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six of this act shall
 not affect the expiration of such paragraphs  and  shall  be  deemed  to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-a of
 this act shall take effect;
   (e-1) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-a of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-b
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-2) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-b of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-c
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-3) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-c of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-d
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-4) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-d of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-e
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-5) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-e of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-f
 of this act shall take effect;
   (f) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic law made by section seven of this act shall not affect
 the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-a of this  act
 shall take effect;
   (f-1)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-a of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-b of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-2)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-b of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-c of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-3)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-c of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-d of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-4)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-d of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire

 S. 5223                            50
 
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-e of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-5)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-e of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-f of this
 act shall take effect;
   (g) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and
 traffic  law made by section nine of this act shall not affect the expi-
 ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section nine-a of this act  shall  take
 effect;
   (g-1)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-a of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section nine-b of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (g-2)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-b of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section nine-c of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (g-3)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-c of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section nine-d of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (g-4)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-d of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section nine-e of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (g-5)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-e of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section nine-f of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (g-6)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-f of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section nine-g of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (h)  the  amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section ten-a of this
 act shall take effect;
   (h-1) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-a of this  act  shall
 not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-b of
 this act shall take effect;
   (h-2) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-b of this  act  shall
 not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to

 S. 5223                            51
 
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-c of
 this act shall take effect;
   (h-3) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of  the  vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-c of this act shall
 not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-d of
 this act shall take effect;
   (h-4) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of  the  vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-d of this act shall
 not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-e of
 this act shall take effect;
   (h-5) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of  the  vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-e of this act shall
 not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-f of
 this act shall take effect;
   (i)  the  amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision
 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven
 of this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and  shall
 be  deemed  to  expire  therewith, when upon such date the provisions of
 section eleven-a of this act shall take effect;
   (i-1) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section  401
 of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section eleven-a of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-b
 of this act shall take effect;
   (i-2) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section  401
 of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section eleven-b of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-c
 of this act shall take effect;
   (i-3) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section  401
 of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section eleven-c of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-d
 of this act shall take effect;
   (i-4) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section  401
 of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section eleven-d of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-e
 of this act shall take effect;
   (i-5) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section  401
 of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section eleven-e of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-f
 of this act shall take effect; and
   (i-6) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section  401
 of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section eleven-f of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-g
 of this act shall take effect.

co-Sponsors

View additional co-sponsors

2019-S5223A - Details

Current Committee:: Senate Transportation
Law Section:: Vehicle and Traffic Law
Laws Affected:: Amd V & T L, generally; add §371-a, Gen Muni L; amd §87, Pub Off L
Versions Introduced in 2021-2022 Legislative Session:: S4682

2019-S5223A - Summary

Establishes a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices.

2019-S5223A - Sponsor Memo

                                
 
BILL NUMBER: S5223A

SPONSOR: KENNEDY
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,
in relation to establishing a demonstration program implementing speed
violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices;
and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration thereof

 
PURPOSE OF BILL:

To create a pilot program placing speed cameras in work zones, which
will establish the efficacy of using automatic speed monitoring systems
for enforcement in speed zones.

 
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:

Section 1 relates to the adjudication of speed cameras in work zones.

Section 2 and its subsections amends subdivision 1 of section 236 of the

vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145 and 148
of the laws of 2019.

Section 3 amends section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law by adding a
new subdivision 17.

Section 4 and its subsections amends paragraph f of subdivision 1 of
section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by
chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019.

Section 5 and its subdivisions amends subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters
145 and 148 of the laws of 2019.

Section 6 and its subsections amends subdivision 2 of section 240 of the
vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145 and 148
of the laws of 2019.

Section 7 and its subsections amends subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241
of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145
and 148 of the laws of 2019..

Section 8 adds a new section 1180-e to the vehicle and traffic law.

Section 9 and its subsections amends the opening paragraph and paragraph
(c) of subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law.

Section 10 and its subsections amends subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of
the vehicle and traffic law.

Section 11 and its subsections amends subdivision 5-a of section 401 of
the vehicle and traffic law in regards to vehicle registration and driv-
er liability.

Section 12 adds a new section 37I-a to the general municipal law.

Section 13 adds two new subdivisions 11 and 12 to section 1803 of the
vehicle and traffic law.
Section 14 amends subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law
regarding all renderings from the demonstration program, including
photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded images.

Section 15 establishes that purchasing or leasing of equipment for the
demonstration program pursuant to section 1180-e of the vehicle and
traffic law shall be subject to the provisions of section 103 of the
general municipal law.

Section 16 sets the effective date.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Speed is a significant contributor to highway accidents. Automatic speed
enforcement technologies have already been either trialed or implemented
in a number of other states as well as in other countries. In Maryland,
where speed cameras were first used statewide in 2010, photographic
enforcement has resulted in a 10% mean reduction in driver speeds, a 59%
reduction in the likelihood of a motorist traveling more than 10 mph
over the speed limit, which in turn resulted in a 39% reduction in the
likelihood of an accident resulting in an incapacitating injury and a
45% reduction in the number of fatalities from work-zone related acci-
dents. Using cameras also decrease the police-driver interaction, as
tickets are mailed based solely on photographic evidence of the license
plate, and do not involve physically pulling an individual over.

According to data from the New York State Department of Transportation,
from 2010-2016 there were 3,450 accidents in work zones on NYS highways
that resulted in 50 fatalities and over 1,100 injuries to motorists and
workers. According to the World Health Organization, for every increase
in speed of 6 miles per hour, the likelihood of an accident involving
injury increases by 20%. Stronger enforcement of speeding in work zones
has the potential to significantly reduce both the incidence of motorist
and worker fatalities while training better overall motorist behavior.

This bill establishes a pilot program with a narrow enough scope to
record strong data regarding the efficacy of using speed cameras in work
zones to influence driver behavior. Worker safety is of paramount impor-
tance, especially as the State continues to invest in repaving our roads
and highways. The program will determine whether automatic enforcement
mechanisms work in the context of work zones, whether stronger enforce-
ment produces better outcomes for injury and fatalities, and whether
money can be saved be reducing the labor costs associated with manual
enforcement.

 
PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

New bill

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the one hundred eightieth day after it
shall have become a law.

2019-S5223A - Bill Text download pdf

                            
 
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  5223--A
 
                        2019-2020 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                              April 16, 2019
                                ___________
 
 Introduced   by   Sens.  KENNEDY,  BAILEY,  BRESLIN,  COMRIE,  GAUGHRAN,
   GOUNARDES, HARCKHAM, JACKSON, KAPLAN,  LIU,  MYRIE,  PERSAUD,  SAVINO,
   SKOUFIS  --  read  twice  and  ordered printed, and when printed to be
   committed to the Committee on Transportation  --  recommitted  to  the
   Committee  on  Transportation in accordance with Senate Rule 6, sec. 8
   -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered  reprinted  as  amended
   and recommitted to said committee
 
 AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,
   in relation to establishing a demonstration program implementing speed
   violation  monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices;
   and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration there-
   of
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section  1.  Subdivision  1  of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 1 of chapters 145 and 148 of  the
 laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special
 or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any  city  which
 heretofore  or  hereafter  is  authorized to establish an administrative
 tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti-
 tuting parking, standing or stopping violations, or  to  adjudicate  the
 liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws  of  two thousand nine,] or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.

                                                            LBD09902-05-0

 S. 5223--A                          2
 
 this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate
 the  liability  of  owners  for violations of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined  in  and
 in  accordance  with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred
 eighty-five of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c of this chapter for
 violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in subdivision (b),  (c),
 (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of  such  section, or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of section eleven hundred eighty of  this  chapter
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or
 to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d  of  this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR
 VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal
 and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 1-a. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended  by  section 1 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general,  special
 or  local  law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which
 heretofore or hereafter is authorized  to  establish  an  administrative
 tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti-
 tuting  parking,  standing  or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
 chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and  twenty-two
 of  the  laws  of  two  thousand nine, or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate
 the liability of owners for violations of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners  for  violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and
 in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the
 laws  of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for
 violations  of bus lane restrictions as defined in subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of such section,  or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners  for  violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,  OR

 S. 5223--A                          3

 TO  ADJUDICATE  THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the  rules  and  regulations
 pertaining  thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with
 the following sections.
   § 1-b. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by sections 1-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  and  twenty-two  of the laws of two thousand nine, or to adjudicate
 the liability of owners for violations of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
 this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of
 section  eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to  adjudicate
 the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as
 defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand
 nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law and sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or  to  adjudicate  liability  of
 owners  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap-
 ter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such  section,
 or  to  adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,
 or  to  adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,
 OR  TO  ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  such
 tribunal  and  the  rules  and  regulations  pertaining thereto shall be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 1-c. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by sections 1-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance with

 S. 5223--A                          4
 
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
 sixteen  of  chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand
 nine, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of  subdi-
 vision  (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudi-
 cate the liability of  owners  for  violations  of  subdivision  (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty,  or  to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  for  violations  of  bus  lane
 restrictions  as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY
 OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and  regu-
 lations  pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conform-
 ance with the following sections.
   § 1-d. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by sections 1-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  section  eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of  this  chapter,
 or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
 of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane
 restrictions as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability

 S. 5223--A                          5
 
 of  owners  for  violations  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY
 OF  OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regu-
 lations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial  conform-
 ance with the following sections.
   §  1-e.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as separately
 amended by sections 1-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,
 or to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of  toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty,  or  to adjudicate liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
 sions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision  (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO
 ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  such
 tribunal  and  the  rules  and  regulations  pertaining thereto shall be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 1-f. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by sections 1-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  section  eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of  this  chapter,

 S. 5223--A                          6
 
 or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdi-
 vision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of
 this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of  this
 chapter,  OR  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining  thereto
 shall  be  constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with the following
 sections.
   § 1-g. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by sections 1-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdi-
 vision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of
 this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of  this
 chapter,  OR  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining  thereto
 shall  be  constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with the following
 sections.
   § 1-h. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by sections 1-g of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners  for  violations  of  section  eleven
 hundred  seventy-four  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate  the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of toll collection regulations as defined in
 and in accordance with the  provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine
 hundred   eighty-five   of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four

 S. 5223--A                          7
 
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY
 OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and  regu-
 lations  pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conform-
 ance with the following sections.
   § 1-i. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by  chapter 715 of the laws of 1972 and chapter 379 of the laws
 of 1992, is amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for  violations  of  toll  collection
 regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance with the provisions of
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO  ADJU-
 DICATE  THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal
 and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  2.  Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately amended by sections 2 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws  of
 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-a of  this  chapter  or
 subdivisions  (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine, or  subdivision  (a)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners
 for  violations  of  subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of
 this chapter in accordance with such section  eleven  hundred  eleven-a,
 sections  eleven  hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chap-
 ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section
 eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  and  shall
 adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners for violations of toll collection
 regulations as defined in and  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four  of  the  laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall
 adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter for violations  of  bus  lane  restrictions  as
 defined  in  such  section  and  shall adjudicate liability of owners in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter
 for  violations  of  section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter

 S. 5223--A                          8
 
 and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of  subdivi-
 sion  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap-
 ter  and  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of owners for violations of
 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven  hundred  eighty
 of  this  chapter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of
 this  chapter,  AND  SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS   FOR
 VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER.  Such tribunal, except in a city with a  population
 of  one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned vehi-
 cle violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is
 the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating
 the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes
 of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the  commissioner
 of  traffic  of  the  city or an official possessing authority as such a
 commissioner.
   § 2-a. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is  amended  to
 read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-a of  this  chapter  or
 subdivisions  (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine, or  subdivision  (a)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners
 for  violations  of  subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of
 this chapter in accordance with such section  eleven  hundred  eleven-a,
 sections  eleven  hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chap-
 ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section
 eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  and  shall
 adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners for violations of toll collection
 regulations as defined in and  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four  of  the  laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall
 adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter for violations  of  bus  lane  restrictions  as
 defined  in  such  section  and  shall adjudicate liability of owners in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter
 for  violations  of  section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter
 and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of  subdivi-
 sion  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap-
 ter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER.    Such  tribunal,  except  in  a city with a population of one
 million or more, shall  also  have  jurisdiction  of  abandoned  vehicle
 violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the
 violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the

 S. 5223--A                          9
 
 parking,  stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of
 this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner  of
 traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official  possessing authority as such a
 commissioner.
   § 2-b. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately  amended  by sections 2-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivisions  (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine, or  subdivision  (a)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners
 for  violations  of  subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of
 this chapter in accordance with such sections eleven hundred eleven-b as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section elev-
 en hundred eleven-e; and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations
 of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section and shall adjudicate
 liability of owners in accordance with section eleven  hundred  seventy-
 four-a  of  this chapter for violations of section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four of this chapter and shall adjudicate  liability  of  owners  for
 violations  of subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty
 of this chapter in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of
 this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations
 of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-d  of  this  chapter,  SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR
 VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER.    For  the  purposes of this article, a parking
 violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing  for
 or  regulating  the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the commissioner of traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official  possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   § 2-c. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately  amended  by sections 2-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d or subdivision (a) of
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall  adjudicate
 liability  of  owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c
 of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions  as  defined  in
 such   section;  and  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred

 S. 5223--A                         10
 
 eighty-b  of  this chapter; and shall adjudicate the liability of owners
 for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d  of  this chapter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS
 FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER.  For the purposes of this article, a parking
 violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing  for
 or  regulating  the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the commissioner of traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official  possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   § 2-d. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately  amended  by sections 2-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to  subdivision  (a)
 of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris-
 diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation  and
 shall  adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter
 and  shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
 sion (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chap-
 ter,  AND  SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER.  For the purposes of this article, a parking violation  is  the
 violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the
 parking,  stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of
 this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner  of
 traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official  possessing authority as such a
 commissioner.
   § 2-e. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately amended by sections 2-d of chapters 145 and 148 of  the  laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and,  where  authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a)
 of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision  (a)  of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris-
 diction  of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and
 shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,
 AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF  SUBDIVI-
 SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
 For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is  the  violation
 of  any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking,
 stopping or standing of a vehicle. In  addition  for  purposes  of  this

 S. 5223--A                         11
 
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic  of  the  city or an official possessing authority as such a commis-
 sioner.
   § 2-f. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately  amended  by sections 2-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e or subdivision  (a)  of  section  eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traf-
 fic  infractions  which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudi-
 cate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision  (b),  (c),
 (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d  of  this  chapter,  AND
 SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS  CHAPTER.    For
 the  purposes  of  this article, a parking violation is the violation of
 any law, rule or regulation providing for  or  regulating  the  parking,
 stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
 sioner.
   § 2-g. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately  amended  by sections 2-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris-
 diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation  and
 shall  adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,
 AND  SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI-
 SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS  CHAPTER.
 For  the  purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation
 of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,
 stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
 sioner.
   § 2-h. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
 parking violation AND, WHERE AUTHORIZED BY LOCAL LAW ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER,  SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE
 LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER. For the purposes of
 this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law,  rule  or
 regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing

 S. 5223--A                         12
 
 of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner"
 shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of  the  city  or  an
 official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   § 3. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a
 new subdivision 17 to read as follows:
   17.  TO  ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI-
 SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of  the  vehicle  and
 traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4 of chapters 145 and 148
 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven  of  this  article,
 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
 to  authorization  set  forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws  of  two
 thousand  nine,  or  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
 section eleven hundred eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or  section  eleven
 hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter,  and  shall not be deemed to
 include a notice of liability issued pursuant to  section  two  thousand
 nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law and sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not be deemed to include
 a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c
 of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability
 issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE  DEEMED
 TO  INCLUDE  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4-a. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019,
 is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven  of  this  article,
 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
 to  authorization  set  forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws  of  two
 thousand  nine,  or  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
 section eleven hundred eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or  section  eleven
 hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter,  and  shall not be deemed to
 include a notice of liability issued pursuant to  section  two  thousand
 nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law and sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not be deemed to include
 a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c
 of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability
 issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,  AND
 SHALL  NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4-b. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as separately amended by sections 4-a of chapters 145 and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:

 S. 5223--A                         13
 
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article but
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this
 chapter  as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
 this  chapter,  or  section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter or
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall  not  be
 deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section elev-
 en hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a
 notice  of  liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b
 of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability
 issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,  AND
 SHALL  NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4-c. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as separately amended by sections 4-b of chapters 145 and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
 forth  in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a notice
 of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev-
 en hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall  not  be  deemed  to
 include  a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice  of
 liability  issued  pursuant  to  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this
 chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability  issued
 pursuant  to  section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL
 NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4-d. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-c of chapters  145  and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter  or  to  a  notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set
 forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a  notice
 of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev-
 en  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this chapter and shall not be deemed to
 include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred
 eighty-b  of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of
 liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of  this
 chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED
 PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4-e. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-d of chapters  145  and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-

 S. 5223--A                         14
 
 ter  or  to  a  notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set
 forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a  notice
 of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev-
 en  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this chapter and shall not be deemed to
 include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER.
   § 4-f. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as separately amended by sections 4-e of chapters 145 and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
 forth in section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall
 not  be  deemed  to  include  a  notice  of liability issued pursuant to
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED
 TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4-g. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-f of chapters  145  and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter  and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued
 pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,  AND  SHALL
 NOT  BE  DEEMED  TO  INCLUDE  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4-h. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law, as added by chapter 180 of the laws of 1980, is amended to
 read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision  nine  of  section two hundred thirty-seven of this article,
 BUT SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT
 TO AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER.
   §  5. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 5 of chapters 145 and 148 of  the
 laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
 sixteen  of  chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand
 nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter,    or  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, for a violation of  subdivision  (d)  of
 section  eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such allegation,
 or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with  the  provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or a person

 S. 5223--A                         15
 
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined  in such section contests such allegation, or a
 person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter contests such allegation, or  a  person  alleged  to  be  liable  in
 accordance  with  the  provisions  of section eleven hundred eighty-d of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such  allegation,
 OR  A  PERSON  ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH  ALLEGATION  the  bureau  shall  advise  such
 person  personally  by such form of first class mail as the director may
 direct of the date on which he or she must appear to answer  the  charge
 at  a  hearing.  The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be
 prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning  to  advise  the
 person  so  pleading  or  contesting  that failure to appear on the date
 designated, or on any subsequent adjourned  date,  shall  be  deemed  an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of  this  chapter  or
 sections  eleven  hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of  two  thousand
 nine]  or  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter or section
 eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author-
 ities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter
 seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty  or  an
 allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-d of this
 chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a  person  in  a
 timely  fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has
 not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue  any  notice  of  fine  or
 penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   §  5-a. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as amended by section 5 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters  a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of  this  chapter  or
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of  two  thousand
 nine  or  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or section
 eleven hundred eleven-e of  this  chapter,  or  section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter, for a violation of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such  allegation,
 or  a  person  alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities

 S. 5223--A                         16
 
 law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or a  person
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus lane
 restriction as defined in such section contests such  allegation,  or  a
 person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter contests such allegation, OR  A  PERSON  ALLEGED  TO  BE  LIABLE  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),  (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION,
 the bureau shall advise such person personally by  such  form  of  first
 class  mail  as  the  director may direct of the date on which he or she
 must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and  content  of
 such  notice  of  hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall
 contain a warning to advise the person so pleading  or  contesting  that
 failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned
 date,  shall  be  deemed  an  admission of liability, and that a default
 judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
 sixteen  of  chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand
 nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or section elev-
 en hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven  hundred  seventy-
 four-a  of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c  of
 this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY
 IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is
 being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon  the
 merits  has  been  demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall
 not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
 of the hearing.
   § 5-b. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic  law,  as separately amended by sections 5-a of chapters 145 and 148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters  a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this  chapter  as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of  two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter
 or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  section  eleven
 hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter,  or  a  person
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus lane
 restriction as defined in such section contests such  allegation,  or  a
 person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-

 S. 5223--A                         17

 ter contests such allegation, or  a  person  alleged  to  be  liable  in
 accordance  with  the  provisions  of section eleven hundred eighty-d of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section  eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation,
 OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER  CONTESTS  SUCH  ALLEGATION,  the bureau shall advise such
 person personally by such form of first class mail as the  director  may
 direct  of  the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge
 at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of  hearing  shall  be
 prescribed  by  the  director, and shall contain a warning to advise the
 person so pleading or contesting that failure  to  appear  on  the  date
 designated,  or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine  or  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of
 this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  or  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d  of  this  chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a
 person in a timely fashion and  a  hearing  upon  the  merits  has  been
 demanded,  but  has  not  yet  been held, the bureau shall not issue any
 notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the  hear-
 ing.
   §  5-c. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-b of chapters 145  and  148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter or
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or  in  accordance
 with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter
 for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined  in  such  section,
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
 for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev-
 en hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, or a  person
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred  eighty-d  of  this  chapter for a violation of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH  THE  PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER
 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau
 shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail  as
 the  director  may  direct of the date on which he or she must appear to

 S. 5223--A                         18
 
 answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such  notice  of
 hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning
 to  advise  the  person  so  pleading that failure to appear on the date
 designated,  or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter or
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this
 chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-d  of  this  chapter,  OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  is
 being  contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the
 merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held,  the  bureau  shall
 not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
 of the hearing.
   §  5-d. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-c of chapters 145  and  148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be  liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or a
 person  alleged  to  be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or a  person
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred  eighty of this chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of  this  chapter
 for  a  violation  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests  such  allegation,  OR  A
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date
 on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at  a  hearing.  The
 form  and  content  of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the
 director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person  so  pleading
 that  failure  to  appear  on  the date designated, or on any subsequent
 adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability,  and  that  a
 default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter,  or
 the  bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or the bureau
 has been notified that an allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or the bureau has
 been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, or an allegation of liability

 S. 5223--A                         19
 
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,  OR
 AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a  person  in  a  timely
 fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet
 been  held,  the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to
 that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 5-e. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic  law,  as separately amended by sections 5-d of chapters 145 and 148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such alle-
 gation,  or  a  person  alleged  to  be  liable  in  accordance with the
 provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter contests such  allegation,  OR  A  PERSON
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (D), (F) OR (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter contests such
 allegation,  the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form
 of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on  which  he
 or  she  must  appear  to  answer  the charge at a hearing. The form and
 content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by  the  director,
 and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that fail-
 ure to appear on the date designated, or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned
 date,  shall  be  deemed  an  admission of liability, and that a default
 judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, is
 being contested, or the bureau has been notified that an  allegation  of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter, or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter, is being contested, OR THE BUREAU  HAS
 BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IS BEING CONTESTED, or the
 bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a of this chapter, is being
 contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits
 has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue
 any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the  date  of  the
 hearing.
   §  5-f. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-e of chapters 145  and  148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be  liable
 in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of  this  chapter
 for  a  violation  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests  such  allegation,  OR  A

 S. 5223--A                         20
 
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter contests such
 allegation,  the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form
 of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on  which  he
 or  she  must  appear  to  answer  the charge at a hearing. The form and
 content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by  the  director,
 and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that fail-
 ure to appear on the date designated, or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned
 date,  shall  be  deemed  an  admission of liability, and that a default
 judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or
 an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty-d  of  this  chapter,  is being contested, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN
 NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IS BEING CONTESTED, or the
 bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a of this chapter, is being
 contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits
 has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue
 any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the  date  of  the
 hearing.
   §  5-g. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-f of chapters 145  and  148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be  liable
 in  accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such  allegation,
 OR  A  PERSON  ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be  liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 contests such allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date
 on which he or she must appear to answer the charge at  a  hearing.  The
 form  and  content  of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the
 director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person  so  pleading
 that  failure  to  appear  on  the date designated, or on any subsequent
 adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability,  and  that  a
 default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of  this  chap-
 ter, is being contested, or the bureau has been notified that an allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of
 this chapter is being contested, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely  fashion
 and  a  hearing  upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been

 S. 5223--A                         21
 
 held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty  to  that
 person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 5-h. Subdivision 1 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE  LIABLE
 IN  ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),  (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION,
 the bureau shall advise such person personally by  such  form  of  first
 class  mail  as  the  director  may  direct of the date on which he must
 appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content  of  such
 notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain
 a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the
 date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   §  5-i. Subdivision 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as added by chapter 365 of the laws of  1978,  is  amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IS
 BEING  CONTESTED  by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the
 merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held,  the  bureau  shall
 not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
 of the hearing.
   § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6 of chapters 145 and
 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega-
 tion  of  liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this  chapter,  or an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY
 IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER,
 shall be held before a hearing examiner in  accordance  with  rules  and
 regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in  accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter is contested or in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  is

 S. 5223--A                         22
 
 contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of
 this  chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public
 authorities  law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chap-
 ter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty  is
 contested  or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or of a hearing at which liabil-
 ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter
 or  of  a  hearing  at which liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH  LIABILITY  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER is
 contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-a. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6 of chapter 145 of the  laws
 of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega-
 tion  of  liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this  chapter  OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a  hearing
 examiner  in  accordance  with  rules and regulations promulgated by the
 bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter is contested or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter is
 contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of
 this chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability in  accord-
 ance  with  section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public
 authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of  chap-
 ter  seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty is
 contested or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with  section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or OF a hearing at which liabil-
 ity  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
 OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be
 used for the making of the record.
   § 6-b. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-a  of  chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred

 S. 5223--A                         23
 
 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty,  and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c  of
 this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter  OR  AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-E  OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a hearing examiner in accord-
 ance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance with  sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty,  and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or of a hear-
 ing at  which  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or of a  hear-
 ing  at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT  WHICH  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER is contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-c. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-b  of  chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
 this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  or  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d  of  this  chapter  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held  before  a
 hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by
 the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter or of a hearing  at  which  liability  in
 accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or of a  hear-
 ing  at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter or of a hearing at  which  liability  in  accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT
 WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making
 of the record.

 S. 5223--A                         24
 
   § 6-d. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-c  of  chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
 this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter  OR  AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accord-
 ance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter  or of a hearing at which liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of  a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability  in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or of a hear-
 ing at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-d  of  this  chapter  OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  is  contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-e. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic  law, as separately amended by section 6-d of chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an  allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter or an allegation of liability in  accordance  with  section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be
 held  before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations
 promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not  guilty  or  a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 or a hearing at  which  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or a hearing at which liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR OF  A
 HEARING  AT  WHICH  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for
 the making of the record.
   § 6-f. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as separately amended by section  6-e  of  chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of

 S. 5223--A                         25

 this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing
 examiner in accordance with rules and  regulations  promulgated  by  the
 bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter or a hearing at which liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter  OR  A  HEARING  AT
 WHICH  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER is contested or a hearing at which liability in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter is contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-g. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-f of chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN  ALLEGA-
 TION  OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance  with
 rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter  is  contested  or  a hearing at which
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of  this
 chapter  IS CONTESTED OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED.  Recording
 devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-h. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws  of  1972,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held  before  a  hearing  examiner  in
 accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR OF A
 HEARING  AT  WHICH  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED.   Recording devices may  be  used
 for the making of the record.
   §  7.  Subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 7 of chapters 145 and 148 of  the
 laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and

 S. 5223--A                         26
 
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty of the  person  charged,  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this
 chapter,  or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or  in  the  record  of
 liabilities  incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d
 of this chapter of the person charged, OR IN THE RECORD  OF  LIABILITIES
 INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering a  final
 determination.  Final  determinations  sustaining  or dismissing charges
 shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the  bureau
 together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance
 with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this  chapter  [as  added  by
 sections  sixteen  of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two
 thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
 this  chapter  or  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
 this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a
 of this chapter or fails  to  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  two  thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter seven hundred seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to contest an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter or fails to contest an allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR FAILS
 TO  CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails  to  appear  on  a  designated
 hearing  date  or  subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to
 comply with the determination of a hearing examiner,  as  prescribed  by
 this  article  or  by  rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to
 plead or contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and  regulations  of
 the   bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original  date
 prescribed for entering a plea and before  a  default  judgment  may  be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class  mail  as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged,
 or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of  this
 chapter  or  in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of  this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  seventy-four-a  of this chapter alleged or liability in accord-
 ance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public
 authorities  law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chap-
 ter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred  fifty
 alleged  or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c
 of this chapter or liability in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 eighty-b  of  this  chapter  alleged,  or  liability  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN

 S. 5223--A                         27
 
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED,
 (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established,  or  other  court  of civil jurisdiction or any other place
 provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New  York,
 and  (4)  that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting
 an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting
 an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand  nine
 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty or contesting an allegation of  liability
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or
 contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liabil-
 ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,
 OR  CONTESTING  AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate,  or  making  an
 appearance  within  thirty  days  of  the  sending of such notice. Pleas
 entered and allegations contested within that period  shall  be  in  the
 manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or
 fee.  Such  notice  of  impending default judgment shall not be required
 prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the  case  of  operators  or
 owners  who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall
 a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending
 default judgment be sent, more than two years after  the  expiration  of
 the  time  prescribed  for  entering a plea or contesting an allegation.
 When a person has demanded a  hearing,  no  fine  or  penalty  shall  be
 imposed  for  any  reason,  prior  to the holding of the hearing. If the
 hearing examiner shall make a determination on the  charges,  sustaining
 them,  he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon
 which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-a. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  amended  by  section 7 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine  either
 the  prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of liabilities
 incurred in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-a  of  this
 chapter  or  in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of  this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter  or the record of liabilities
 incurred in accordance with section two thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-
 five  of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty  of  the  person  charged,  or  the record of liabilities
 incurred in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this

 S. 5223--A                         28
 
 chapter,  or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  OR  THE  RECORD  OF
 LIABILITIES  INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E
 OF  THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering
 a final determination. Final  determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing
 charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the
 bureau  together  with  records showing payment and nonpayment of penal-
 ties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this chapter [as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws  of  two
 thousand  nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter or in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of
 this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a
 of  this  chapter  or  fails  to  contest  an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section two thousand nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter  seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the  laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to  contest  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b  of  this  chapter,  OR  FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  or  fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent
 adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination
 of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regu-
 lation of the bureau, such failure to plead  [or],  contest,  appear  or
 comply  shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and
 shall be grounds for rendering and entering a  default  judgment  in  an
 amount  provided  by  the  rules and regulations of the bureau. However,
 after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
 and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case  the  bureau
 shall  pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator
 or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
 (1) of the violation charged, or liability in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections
 eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of
 chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 alleged or liability  in  accordance  with  section  two  thousand  nine
 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty alleged or liability in  accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  alleged,  OR
 LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default judgment,  (3)  that  such
 judgment  will  be  entered  in the Civil Court of the city in which the
 bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any
 other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within  the  state
 of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or
 contesting  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven

 S. 5223--A                         29
 
 hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with  sections  eleven
 hundred  eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chap-
 ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of  two  thousand  nine]  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or
 contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section two
 thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or
 sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of nineteen  hundred  fifty  or  contesting  an
 allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, OR
 CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an appear-
 ance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and
 allegations  contested  within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
 prescribed  in  the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or  owners  who
 are  non-residents  of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
 judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of  impending  default
 judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time
 prescribed for entering a plea  or  contesting  an  allegation.  When  a
 person  has  demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for
 any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
 shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them,  he  or  she
 shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
 was originally charged.
   §  7-b. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 7-a of chapters 145  and  148  of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of  this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter of the person charged, or the
 record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter, or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in
 accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or the
 record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABIL-
 ITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER  OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering a
 final  determination.  Final  determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing
 charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the
 bureau  together  with  records showing payment and nonpayment of penal-
 ties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this  chapter  [as  added  by

 S. 5223--A                         30

 sections  sixteen  of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two
 thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
 this  chapter,  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
 this   chapter,   or   in   accordance   with   section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, or fails to  contest  an  allegation  of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this
 chapter, or fails to contest an  allegation  of  liability  incurred  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, or
 fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated
 hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after  a  hearing  to
 comply  with  the  determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
 this article or by rule or regulation of the  bureau,  such  failure  to
 plead,  contest,  appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and  regulations  of
 the   bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original  date
 prescribed for entering a plea and before  a  default  judgment  may  be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class  mail  as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged,
 or liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter, [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty,  and  twenty-
 two  of  the  laws  of  two thousand nine] or in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, or in accordance with section
 eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or liability  in  accord-
 ance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability
 in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter
 alleged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d
 of this chapter alleged, OR ALLEGED LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER, (2) of the impending default
 judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil  Court  of
 the  city  in  which  the bureau has been established, or other court of
 civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the  entry  of  civil
 judgments  within  the  state of New York, and (4) that a default may be
 avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of  liability  in
 accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine] or  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this  chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contesting an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or
 contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liabil-
 ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,
 OR  CONTESTING  AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate,  or  making  an
 appearance  within  thirty  days  of  the  sending of such notice. Pleas
 entered and allegations contested within that period  shall  be  in  the
 manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or
 fee.  Such  notice  of  impending default judgment shall not be required
 prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the  case  of  operators  or

 S. 5223--A                         31
 
 owners  who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall
 a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending
 default judgment be sent, more than two years after  the  expiration  of
 the  time  prescribed  for  entering a plea or contesting an allegation.
 When a person has demanded a  hearing,  no  fine  or  penalty  shall  be
 imposed  for  any  reason,  prior  to the holding of the hearing. If the
 hearing examiner shall make a determination on the  charges,  sustaining
 them,  he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon
 which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-c. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  separately  amended by sections 7-b of chapters 145 and 148 of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the
 person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of  this  chapter  of  the  person
 charged,  or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the  person  charged,
 or  the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities  incurred
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or
 the record of liabilities incurred in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF
 LIABILITIES  INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E
 OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering
 a final determination. Final  determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing
 charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the
 bureau  together  with  records showing payment and nonpayment of penal-
 ties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,  or  contest
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or
 fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or fails to contest an allega-
 tion of liability incurred in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this
 chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or
 fails to appear on a designated hearing  date  or  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  fails  after  a  hearing to comply with the determination of a
 hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation
 of the bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be  deemed,
 for  all  purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for
 rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided  by  the
 rules  and  regulations  of the bureau. However, after the expiration of
 the original date prescribed for entering a plea and  before  a  default
 judgment  may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the
 applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form
 of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of  the  violation

 S. 5223--A                         32
 
 charged,  or  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four-a of this chapter, or liability in accordance with section elev-
 en hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or  liability  in  accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or alleged liability in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of this chapter or
 alleged liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this  chapter,  or  alleged  liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of  this  chapter,  OR  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the
 impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will  be  entered  in
 the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or
 other  court  of  civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the
 entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and  (4)  that  a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability  in  accordance  with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGA-
 TION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER  or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending
 of such notice. Pleas entered  AND  ALLEGATIONS  CONTESTED  within  that
 period  shall  be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject
 to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default  judgment
 shall  not  be  required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the
 case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the  state  of  New
 York.  In  no  case  shall  a  default  judgment  be  rendered or, where
 required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than  two
 years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR
 CONTESTING  AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine
 or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of  the
 hearing.  If  the  hearing  examiner  shall  make a determination on the
 charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater  penalty  or
 fine than those upon which the person was originally charged.
   §  7-d. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 7-c of chapters 145  and  148  of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this
 chapter of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred  in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of
 the  person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e  of  this  chapter  of  the  person
 charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter, or the record of liabilities
 incurred in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of  this
 chapter  of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER  OF  THE
 PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination.

 S. 5223--A                         33
 
 Final  determinations  sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered
 on a final determination roll maintained by  the  bureau  together  with
 records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest
 an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or  contest  an  allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or fails
 to contest an  allegation  of  liability  incurred  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter or fails to contest an
 allegation of liability  incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-d  of  this chapter OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date  or  subse-
 quent  adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the deter-
 mination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule
 or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST,  appear  or
 comply  shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and
 shall be grounds for rendering and entering a  default  judgment  in  an
 amount  provided  by  the  rules and regulations of the bureau. However,
 after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
 and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case  the  bureau
 shall  pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator
 or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
 (1) of the violation charged or liability  in  accordance  with  section
 eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or liability in accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter or liability in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter  or
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this
 chapter alleged, or liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eighty-d  of  this  chapter  alleged,  OR  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS  CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)  of  the
 impending  default  judgment,  (3) that such judgment will be entered in
 the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or
 other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place  provided  for  the
 entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d  of
 this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance
 within thirty days of the sending of  such  notice.  Pleas  entered  AND
 ALLEGATIONS  CONTESTED  within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
 prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who
 are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall  a  default
 judgment  be  rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
 judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time
 prescribed  for  entering  a  plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION.   When a

 S. 5223--A                         34
 
 person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be  imposed  for
 any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
 shall  make  a  determination on the charges, sustaining them, he OR SHE
 shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
 was originally charged.
   §  7-e. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 7-d of chapters 145  and  148  of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of
 this chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this  chapter  of
 the  person  charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of  this  chapter  of  the  person
 charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE
 RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior  to
 rendering  a  final  determination.  Final  determinations sustaining or
 dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll  main-
 tained  by  the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpay-
 ment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,  or  contest
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter  or  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter or
 contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of  this  chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date  or  subse-
 quent  adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the deter-
 mination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule
 or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST,  appear  or
 comply  shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and
 shall be grounds for rendering and entering a  default  judgment  in  an
 amount  provided  by  the  rules and regulations of the bureau. However,
 after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
 and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case  the  bureau
 shall  pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator
 or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
 (1) of the violation charged or liability  in  accordance  with  section
 eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or liability in accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged or liabil-
 ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of  this  chapter
 alleged  or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d
 of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default
 judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil  Court  of
 the  city  in  which  the bureau has been established, or other court of
 civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the  entry  of  civil
 judgments  within  the  state of New York, and (4) that a default may be

 S. 5223--A                         35
 
 avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of  liability  in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or
 contesting  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred  eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liabil-
 ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of  this  chapter
 or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN  ALLEGATION  OF
 LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days  of  the  sending  of
 such  notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period
 shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi-
 tional penalty or fee.  Such notice of impending default judgment  shall
 not  be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of
 operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New  York.  In
 no  case  shall  a  default  judgment  be rendered or, where required, a
 notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years  after
 the  expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING
 AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or  penalty
 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
 ing  them,  he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those
 upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-f. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  separately  amended by sections 7-e of chapters 145 and 148 of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the
 person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR THE RECORD OF LIABIL-
 ITIES  INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER of the person charged, as applicable, prior to rendering  a
 final  determination or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of the person
 charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination.  Final
 determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing charges shall be entered on a
 final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with  records
 showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest
 an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of this chapter or contest an allegation of liability incurred
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of  this  chapter  OR
 CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on  a  desig-
 nated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing
 to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
 this  article  or  by  rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to
 plead, CONTEST, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all  purposes,  an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
 the  bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original   date
 prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and before a default judgment may be

 S. 5223--A                         36
 
 rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
 provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of  this chapter or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2)
 of the impending default  judgment,  (3)  that  such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  contesting
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or
 contesting  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABIL-
 ITY  IN  ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER
 or making an appearance within  thirty  days  of  the  sending  of  such
 notice.    Pleas  entered  AND  ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period
 shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi-
 tional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default  judgment  shall
 not  be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of
 operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New  York.  In
 no  case  shall  a  default  judgment  be rendered or, where required, a
 notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years  after
 the  expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING
 AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or  penalty
 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
 ing  them,  he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those
 upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-g. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  separately  amended by sections 7-f of chapters 145 and 148 of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or
 the  record  of  liabilities  incurred in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR THE RECORD OF  LIABILITIES  INCURRED
 IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER of
 the person charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a  final  determi-
 nation.  Final  determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be
 entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau  together
 with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest
 an allegation of liability incurred in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-d  of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER  or  fails  to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent
 adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination

 S. 5223--A                         37
 
 of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regu-
 lation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST, appear  or  comply
 shall  be  deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall
 be  grounds  for  rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount
 provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after  the
 expiration  of  the  original  date  prescribed  for entering a plea and
 before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall
 pursuant to the applicable provisions of law  notify  such  operator  or
 owner,  by  such  form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
 (1) of the violation charged or liability  in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)
 of  the  impending  default  judgment,  (3)  that  such judgment will be
 entered in the Civil Court of the city in  which  the  bureau  has  been
 established,  or  other  court  of civil jurisdiction or any other place
 provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New  York,
 and  (4)  that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting
 an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty-d  of  this  chapter  OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or
 making  an  appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice.
 Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall  be  in
 the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penal-
 ty  or  fee.  Such  notice  of  impending  default judgment shall not be
 required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of  opera-
 tors  or  owners  who  are non-residents of the state of New York. In no
 case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required,  a  notice
 of  impending  default  judgment  be sent, more than two years after the
 expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR  CONTESTING  AN
 ALLEGATION.  When  a  person  has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty
 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
 ing them, he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine  than  those
 upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-h. Subdivision 1 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he OR SHE may examine EITHER
 the prior  parking  violations  record  OR  THE  RECORD  OF  LIABILITIES
 INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER of the person charged, AS APPLICABLE, prior to rendering a final
 determination. Final determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing  charges
 shall  be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau
 together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   § 7-i. Subdivision 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by chapter 365 of the laws  of  1978,  is  amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation OR CONTEST AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails
 to  appear  on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or
 fails after a hearing to comply with  the  determination  of  a  hearing
 examiner,  as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the
 bureau, such failure to  plead,  CONTEST,  appear  or  comply  shall  be
 deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds

 S. 5223--A                         38
 
 for  rendering  and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by
 the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after  the  expiration
 of  the  original  date  prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN
 ALLEGATION  and  before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case
 the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable  provisions  of  law  notify
 such  operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commis-
 sion may direct; (1) of the violation charged, OR LIABILITY  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2)
 of the impending default  judgment,  (3)  that  such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  OR  CONTESTING
 AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty  days  of
 the  sending  of  such  notice.  Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED
 within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the  notice  and
 not  subject  to  additional  penalty  or  fee. Such notice of impending
 default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and  entry
 thereof  in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the
 state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be  rendered  or,
 where  required,  a  notice  of impending default judgment be sent, more
 than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for  entering
 a  plea  OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hear-
 ing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason,  prior  to  the
 holding  of  the  hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determi-
 nation on the charges, sustaining them, he OR SHE shall impose no great-
 er penalty or fine than those  upon  which  the  person  was  originally
 charged.
   §  8.  The  vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
 1180-e to read as follows:
   § 1180-E. OWNER LIABILITY FOR  FAILURE  OF  OPERATOR  TO  COMPLY  WITH
 CERTAIN  POSTED  MAXIMUM  SPEED LIMITS. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER
 PROVISION OF LAW, THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION IS  HEREBY  AUTHOR-
 IZED TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON
 THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH
 POSTED  MAXIMUM  SPEED  LIMITS  IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE
 WORK AREA LOCATED ON A CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAY UNDER  THE  COMMISSION-
 ER'S  JURISDICTION  (I)  WHEN  A  WORK  AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS
 PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH TWO OF  SUBDIVISION  (D)  OR  SUBDIVISION  (F)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN OTHER SPEED
 LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR  PARAGRAPH
 ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
 SUCH  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  SHALL  EMPOWER THE COMMISSIONER TO INSTALL
 PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WITHIN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION  OR
 MAINTENANCE  WORK  AREAS LOCATED ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE
 COMMISSIONER'S JURISDICTION AND TO OPERATE SUCH SYSTEMS WITHIN SUCH WORK
 AREAS (III) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN  EFFECT  AS  PROVIDED  IN
 PARAGRAPH  TWO  OF  SUBDIVISION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED  LIMITS  ARE  IN
 EFFECT  AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDI-
 VISION (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE.    THE
 COMMISSIONER, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE DIVISION OF
 STATE  POLICE,  SHALL DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
 OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS LOCATED ON A CONTROLLED ACCESS  HIGHWAY  UNDER
 THE  JURISDICTION  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE

 S. 5223--A                         39

 PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEMS.  IN  SELECTING  A  HIGHWAY
 CONSTRUCTION  OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A
 PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, THE COMMISSIONER SHALL CONSIDER
 CRITERIA  INCLUDING,  BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY,
 AND ROADWAY GEOMETRY APPLICABLE TO SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR  MAINTE-
 NANCE WORK AREA.
   2.  NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, THE CHAIR OF THE THRU-
 WAY AUTHORITY IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM
 IMPOSING  MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN
 OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS IN A HIGHWAY
 CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA LOCATED ON THE THRUWAY (I) WHEN  A
 WORK  AREA  SPEED  LIMIT  IS  IN  EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH TWO OF
 SUBDIVISION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  ARTICLE  OR (II) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED
 IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM  SHALL
 EMPOWER  THE  CHAIR  TO INSTALL PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS
 WITHIN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK  AREAS  LOCATED  ON  THE
 THRUWAY  AND TO OPERATE SUCH SYSTEMS WITHIN SUCH WORK AREAS (III) WHEN A
 WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT  AS  PROVIDED  IN  PARAGRAPH  TWO  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (D)  OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT  AS  PROVIDED
 IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. THE CHAIR, IN CONSULTATION WITH
 THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE DIVISION OF STATE POLICE, SHALL DETERMINE  THE
 LOCATION  OF  THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS LOCATED
 ON THE THRUWAY IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND  OPERATE  PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION
 MONITORING  SYSTEMS.  IN SELECTING A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE
 WORK AREA IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION  MONI-
 TORING  SYSTEM,  THE  CHAIR  SHALL  CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 LIMITED TO, THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND ROADWAY GEOMETRY APPLICA-
 BLE TO SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA.
   3. NO PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE USED IN A HIGH-
 WAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA UNLESS (I) ON THE DAY IT IS TO
 BE USED IT HAS SUCCESSFULLY PASSED A SELF-TEST  OF  ITS  FUNCTIONS;  AND
 (II)  IT HAS UNDERGONE AN ANNUAL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED PURSUANT TO
 PARAGRAPH FIVE OF THIS SUBDIVISION. THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR, AS APPLI-
 CABLE, SHALL INSTALL SIGNS GIVING NOTICE THAT A  PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION
 MONITORING  SYSTEM  IS IN USE, IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTABLISHED
 IN THE MUTCD.
   4. OPERATORS OF PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING  SYSTEMS  SHALL  HAVE
 COMPLETED  TRAINING IN THE PROCEDURES FOR SETTING UP, TESTING, AND OPER-
 ATING SUCH SYSTEMS. EACH SUCH OPERATOR SHALL COMPLETE AND SIGN  A  DAILY
 SET-UP  LOG FOR EACH SUCH SYSTEM THAT HE OR SHE OPERATES THAT (I) STATES
 THE DATE AND TIME WHEN, AND THE LOCATION WHERE, THE SYSTEM  WAS  SET  UP
 THAT DAY, AND (II) STATES THAT SUCH OPERATOR SUCCESSFULLY PERFORMED, AND
 THE  SYSTEM  PASSED,  THE  SELF-TESTS  OF SUCH SYSTEM BEFORE PRODUCING A
 RECORDED IMAGE THAT DAY. THE COMMISSIONER OR THE CHAIR,  AS  APPLICABLE,
 SHALL  RETAIN  EACH  SUCH DAILY LOG UNTIL THE LATER OF THE DATE ON WHICH
 THE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM TO WHICH IT APPLIES HAS BEEN
 PERMANENTLY REMOVED FROM USE  OR  THE  FINAL  RESOLUTION  OF  ALL  CASES
 INVOLVING  NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEO OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEM.
   5. EACH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL UNDERGO AN ANNU-
 AL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED BY AN INDEPENDENT CALIBRATION  LABORATORY
 WHICH  SHALL ISSUE A SIGNED CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION. THE COMMISSIONER

 S. 5223--A                         40
 
 OR THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, SHALL KEEP EACH SUCH ANNUAL CERTIFICATE  OF
 CALIBRATION  ON FILE UNTIL THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING A
 NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED DURING SUCH YEAR WHICH WERE BASED  ON  PHOTO-
 GRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY
 SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM.
   6. (I) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES
 TO  ENSURE,  TO  THE  EXTENT  PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO  SPEED
 VIOLATION  MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY THE
 DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED, HOWEV-
 ER, THAT NO NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 DISMISSED SOLELY BECAUSE SUCH A PHOTOGRAPH,  MICROPHOTOGRAPH,  VIDEOTAPE
 OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE DRIVER, THE
 PASSENGERS,  OR  THE  CONTENTS OF VEHICLES WHERE THE COMMISSIONER OR THE
 CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, SHOWS THAT THEY MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO  COMPLY
 WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN SUCH CASE.
   (II)  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGE FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL  BE  FOR  THE
 EXCLUSIVE  USE  OF THE COMMISSIONER OR THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, FOR THE
 PURPOSE OF THE  ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY  IMPOSED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION  AND  OF  THE  OWNER RECEIVING A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO
 THIS SECTION, AND SHALL BE DESTROYED BY THE COMMISSIONER  OR  CHAIR,  AS
 APPLICABLE,  UPON  THE  FINAL  RESOLUTION  OF THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY TO
 WHICH SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED
 IMAGES RELATE, OR ONE YEAR FOLLOWING THE DATE OF ISSUANCE OF SUCH NOTICE
 OF  LIABILITY, WHICHEVER IS LATER. NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF ANY
 OTHER LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  ANY  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGE  FROM  A PHOTO SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, NOR SUBJECT
 TO CIVIL OR CRIMINAL PROCESS OR DISCOVERY, NOR  USED  BY  ANY  COURT  OR
 ADMINISTRATIVE  OR ADJUDICATORY BODY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING THEREIN
 EXCEPT THAT WHICH IS NECESSARY FOR  THE  ADJUDICATION  OF  A  NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION,  AND NO PUBLIC ENTITY OR
 EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT  THEREOF  SHALL  DISCLOSE  SUCH  INFORMATION,
 EXCEPT  THAT  SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER
 RECORDED IMAGES FROM SUCH SYSTEMS:
   (A) SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION AND COPYING AND USE BY THE MOTOR
 VEHICLE OWNER AND OPERATOR FOR SO LONG AS SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES ARE REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINED
 OR ARE MAINTAINED BY SUCH PUBLIC ENTITY, EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT; AND
   (B)  (1)  SHALL BE FURNISHED WHEN DESCRIBED IN A SEARCH WARRANT ISSUED
 BY A COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE
 SIX HUNDRED NINETY OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE  LAW  OR  A  FEDERAL  COURT
 AUTHORIZED  TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE SUCH
 SEARCH WARRANT STATES THAT THERE IS REASONABLE  CAUSE  TO  BELIEVE  SUCH
 INFORMATION  CONSTITUTES  EVIDENCE  OF,  OR TENDS TO DEMONSTRATE THAT, A
 MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE WAS COMMITTED IN  THIS  STATE  OR  ANOTHER
 STATE,  OR  THAT A PARTICULAR PERSON PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMISSION OF A
 MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY OFFENSE IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE,  PROVIDED,
 HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, THE
 COURT  SHALL ONLY ISSUE A WARRANT IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE
 WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A  MISDEMEANOR  OR  FELONY
 AGAINST THE LAWS OF THIS STATE; AND
   (2) SHALL BE FURNISHED IN RESPONSE TO A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM SIGNED BY
 A  JUDGE  OF  COMPETENT  JURISDICTION AND ISSUED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE SIX
 HUNDRED TEN OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE OF  A

 S. 5223--A                         41

 FEDERAL  COURT  AUTHORIZED  TO  ISSUE  SUCH A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM UNDER
 FEDERAL LAW, WHERE THE JUDGE FINDS AND THE SUBPOENA STATES THAT THERE IS
 REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION IS RELEVANT AND MATERIAL TO
 THE  PROSECUTION,  OR THE DEFENSE, OR THE INVESTIGATION BY AN AUTHORIZED
 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL, OF THE ALLEGED COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR  OR
 FELONY  IN  THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH
 OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, SUCH JUDGE OR  MAGISTRATE
 SHALL  ONLY  ISSUE  SUCH SUBPOENA IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE
 WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN
 THIS STATE; AND
   (3) MAY, IF LAWFULLY OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THIS CLAUSE AND  CLAUSE  (A)
 OF  THIS SUBPARAGRAPH AND OTHERWISE ADMISSIBLE, BE USED IN SUCH CRIMINAL
 ACTION OR PROCEEDING.
   (B) IF THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR ESTABLISHES A  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM
 PURSUANT  TO  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF  THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE
 SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION  IF  SUCH
 VEHICLE  WAS  USED OR OPERATED WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE OWNER, EXPRESS
 OR IMPLIED, WITHIN A  HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION  OR  MAINTENANCE  WORK  AREA
 LOCATED  ON  A  CONTROLLED-ACCESS  HIGHWAY UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE
 COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY IN VIOLATION OF PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVI-
 SION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F), OR WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT IN
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D),
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, SUCH VEHICLE WAS TRAV-
 ELING AT A SPEED OF MORE THAN TEN MILES PER HOUR ABOVE THE POSTED  SPEED
 LIMIT  IN  EFFECT  WITHIN  SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK
 AREA, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY  INFORMATION  OBTAINED  FROM  A
 PHOTO  SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER
 OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A  PENALTY  IMPOSED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION  WHERE  THE  OPERATOR  OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE
 UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (C)  FOR  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE
 FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1. "CHAIR" SHALL MEAN THE CHAIR OF THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORI-
 TY;
   2. "COMMISSIONER" SHALL MEAN THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION;
   3. "MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD"  SHALL  MEAN
 THE  MANUAL  AND  SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF TRAFFIC CONTROL
 DEVICES MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER  OF  TRANSPORTATION  PURSUANT  TO
 SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER;
   4.  "OWNER"  SHALL  HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS
 CHAPTER;
   5. "PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING  SYSTEM"  SHALL  MEAN  A  VEHICLE
 SENSOR  INSTALLED  TO  WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A SPEED MEASURING DEVICE
 WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICRO-
 PHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE
 TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED IN A  HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION  OR  MAINTENANCE
 WORK  AREA LOCATED ON A CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAY UNDER THE JURISDICTION
 OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY IN VIOLATION OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION;
   6. "THRUWAY AUTHORITY" SHALL MEAN THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY  AUTHORI-
 TY,  A  BODY  CORPORATE  AND  POLITIC  CONSTITUTING A PUBLIC CORPORATION
 CREATED AND CONSTITUTED PURSUANT TO TITLE NINE OF  ARTICLE  TWO  OF  THE
 PUBLIC AUTHORITIES LAW; AND

 S. 5223--A                         42

   7.  "THRUWAY"  SHALL MEAN GENERALLY A DIVIDED HIGHWAY UNDER THE JURIS-
 DICTION OF THE THRUWAY AUTHORITY FOR MIXED TRAFFIC WITH  ACCESS  LIMITED
 AS  THE  AUTHORITY MAY DETERMINE AND GENERALLY WITH GRADE SEPARATIONS AT
 INTERSECTIONS.
   (D)  A  CERTIFICATE,  SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A TECHNICIAN EMPLOYED BY
 THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR AS APPLICABLE, OR A FACSIMILE  THEREOF,  BASED
 UPON  INSPECTION  OF  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER
 RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM,
 SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTO-
 GRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES EVIDENCING
 SUCH A VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES
 OF THE REAR OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT
 NEAR THE MOTOR VEHICLE AND SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION  REASONABLY
 IN ADVANCE OF AND AT ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY FOR SUCH
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (E)  AN  OWNER  LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR
 (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  A
 DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  ESTABLISHED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES NOT  TO  EXCEED  FIFTY  DOLLARS  FOR  EACH
 VIOLATION;  PROVIDED,  HOWEVER, THAT AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT IN EXCESS
 OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION MAY BE IMPOSED FOR THE FAILURE
 TO RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
   (F) AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM  ESTAB-
 LISHED  PURSUANT  TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN
 OPERATOR AND SHALL NOT BE MADE PART  OF  THE  OPERATING  RECORD  OF  THE
 PERSON  UPON  WHOM  SUCH  LIABILITY  IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT BE USED FOR
 INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
   (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, WITHIN FOURTEEN BUSINESS DAYS IF SUCH OWNER IS
 A RESIDENT OF THIS STATE AND WITHIN FORTY-FIVE  BUSINESS  DAYS  IF  SUCH
 OWNER  IS  A  NON-RESIDENT.  PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT BE
 REQUIRED. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE  ORDI-
 NARY  COURSE  OF  BUSINESS  SHALL  BE  PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN.
   2. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME  AND  ADDRESS  OF  THE
 PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE
 PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION,  THE  REGISTRATION  NUMBER  OF  THE VEHICLE
 INVOLVED IN SUCH VIOLATION,  THE  LOCATION  WHERE  SUCH  VIOLATION  TOOK
 PLACE, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF
 THE  CAMERA  WHICH  RECORDED  THE  VIOLATION  OR  OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR
 NUMBER, AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF  THE  REAR  OF  THE
 MOTOR  VEHICLE  THAT  INCLUDE  THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT NEAR THE MOTOR
 VEHICLE, AND THE CERTIFICATE CHARGING THE LIABILITY.
   3. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY  SHALL  CONTAIN  INFORMATION  ADVISING  THE
 PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST
 THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO
 CONTAIN A PROMINENT WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO
 CONTEST  IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF
 LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE COMMIS-
 SIONER OR CHAIR AS APPLICABLE, OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY  THE
 COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.

 S. 5223--A                         43
 
   (H)  ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS SECTION
 SHALL BE BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO  SECTION
 THREE  HUNDRED  SEVENTY OF THE GENERAL MUNICIPAL LAW WHERE THE VIOLATION
 OCCURRED OR, IF THERE BE NONE, BY THE  COURT  HAVING  JURISDICTION  OVER
 TRAFFIC  INFRACTIONS WHERE THE VIOLATION OCCURRED, EXCEPT THAT IF A CITY
 HAS  ESTABLISHED  AN  ADMINISTRATIVE  TRIBUNAL  TO  HEAR  AND  DETERMINE
 COMPLAINTS  OF  TRAFFIC  INFRACTIONS  CONSTITUTING  PARKING, STANDING OR
 STOPPING VIOLATIONS SUCH CITY MAY, BY LOCAL LAW, AUTHORIZE SUCH  ADJUDI-
 CATION BY SUCH TRIBUNAL.
   (I)  IF  AN  OWNER  RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE
 OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS  REPORTED  TO  THE  POLICE  DEPARTMENT  AS
 HAVING  BEEN  STOLEN,  IT  SHALL  BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT  THE
 VEHICLE  OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE HAD BEEN REPORTED
 TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD
 NOT BEEN RECOVERED BY SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES OF ASSERTING  THE  DEFENSE
 PROVIDED  BY  THIS  SUBDIVISION, IT SHALL BE SUFFICIENT THAT A CERTIFIED
 COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE  STOLEN  VEHICLE  OR  NUMBER  PLATE  OR
 PLATES  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  BE  SENT  BY  FIRST CLASS MAIL TO THE TRAFFIC
 VIOLATIONS BUREAU,  COURT  HAVING  JURISDICTION  OR  PARKING  VIOLATIONS
 BUREAU.
   (J)  1. WHERE THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS PURSU-
 ANT TO THIS SECTION IS BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR A COURT  HAVING
 JURISDICTION, AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY  WAS  ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION,
 PROVIDED THAT HE OR SHE SENDS TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR  COURT
 HAVING  JURISDICTION  A COPY OF THE RENTAL, LEASE OR OTHER SUCH CONTRACT
 DOCUMENT COVERING SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF THE  VIOLATION,  WITH  THE
 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE CLEARLY LEGIBLE, WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS
 AFTER  RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OR COURT OF THE DATE AND TIME OF
 SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER  INFORMATION  CONTAINED  IN  THE
 ORIGINAL  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY. FAILURE TO SEND SUCH INFORMATION WITHIN
 SUCH THIRTY-SEVEN DAY TIME PERIOD SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR  THE
 PENALTY  PRESCRIBED BY THIS SECTION.  WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE
 PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH, THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE  OF
 SUCH  VIOLATION  SHALL  BE  DEEMED  TO  BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR
 PURPOSES OF  THIS  SECTION,  SHALL  BE  SUBJECT  TO  LIABILITY  FOR  THE
 VIOLATION  OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION  AND  SHALL  BE  SENT  A
 NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION.
   2.  (I) IN A CITY WHICH, BY LOCAL LAW, HAS AUTHORIZED THE ADJUDICATION
 OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS SECTION BY A PARKING VIOLATIONS
 BUREAU, AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A  VEHICLE  TO  WHICH  A  NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY  WAS  ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, PROVIDED THAT:
   (A)  PRIOR  TO  THE VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH THE BUREAU IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION  TWO  HUNDRED  THIRTY-NINE  OF
 THIS CHAPTER; AND
   (B) WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OF
 THE  DATE  AND  TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMATION
 CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS TO THE

 S. 5223--A                         44
 
 BUREAU THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHICLE IDENTI-
 FIED IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION,  TOGETHER
 WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL, LEASE OR
 OTHER  CONTRACT  DOCUMENT,  AS  MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY THE BUREAU
 PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS THAT MAY BE PROMULGATED FOR SUCH PURPOSE.
   (II) FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH CLAUSE (B) OF  SUBPARAGRAPH  (I)  OF  THIS
 PARAGRAPH  SHALL  RENDER  THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED IN
 THIS SECTION.
   (III) WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH,
 THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED
 TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION,  SHALL  BE
 SUBJECT  TO  LIABILITY  FOR  SUCH VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND
 SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF  THIS
 SECTION.
   (K)  1.  IF  THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT  TO
 THIS  SECTION  WAS  NOT  THE  OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME OF THE
 VIOLATION, THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION  AGAINST
 THE OPERATOR.
   2.  NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF A
 VEHICLE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO A MONETARY FINE  IMPOSED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
 OUT  THE  CONSENT  OF  THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR OPERATED SUCH
 VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.  FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION
 THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPER-
 ATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERA-
 TOR  OPERATED  SUCH VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR
 (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (L) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE  LIABILITY
 OF  AN  OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (M) IF THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSU-
 ANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION THE  COMMISSIONER  OR  CHAIR,  AS
 APPLICABLE,  SHALL CONDUCT A STUDY AND SUBMIT A REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF
 THE USE OF PHOTO DEVICES TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE
 SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY ON  OR  BEFORE  DECEMBER  THIRTY-
 FIRST, TWO THOUSAND TWENTY-FOUR.  SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE:
   1. THE LOCATIONS WHERE AND DATES WHEN PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING
 SYSTEMS WERE USED;
   2.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER,  TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES,
 INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR
 MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE JURISDIC-
 TION OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY, TO THE EXTENT  THE  INFORMA-
 TION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR
 VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   3.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER,  TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES,
 INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED  WITHIN  HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION  OR
 MAINTENANCE  WORK  AREAS  WHERE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS
 WERE USED, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED  BY  THE  COMMIS-
 SIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   4.  THE  NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
 OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE JURIS-
 DICTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY, IN  THE  AGGREGATE  ON  A
 DAILY,  WEEKLY  AND MONTHLY BASIS TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAIN-

 S. 5223--A                         45

 TAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF
 THIS STATE;
   5.  THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
 OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM
 IS USED, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   6. TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED  BY  THE  COMMISSIONER,
 CHAIR  OR  THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE, THE NUMBER OF
 VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE  WORK
 AREAS  ON  CONTROLLED-ACCESS  HIGHWAYS  UNDER  THE  JURISDICTION  OF THE
 COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY THAT WERE:
   (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES  PER  HOUR  OVER  THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   7.  THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
 OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM
 IS USED THAT WERE:
   (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES  PER  HOUR  OVER  THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   8.  THE  TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   9. THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE  FIRST
 NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, TO
 THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER,  CHAIR  OR
 THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   10. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND THE RESULTS OF SUCH ADJU-
 DICATIONS  INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS  OF  DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY
 THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT  OF  MOTOR  VEHICLES  OF  THIS
 STATE;
   11.  THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT  OF  REVENUE  REALIZED BY THE STATE OR THRUWAY
 AUTHORITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM;
   12. THE EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE STATE OR  THE  THRUWAY  AUTHORITY  IN
 CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM; AND
   13.  THE  QUALITY  OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS, TO THE
 EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR  OR  THE
 DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE.
   (N) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
 VISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS
 ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT SUCH PHOTO SPEED  VIOLATION  MONI-
 TORING SYSTEM WAS MALFUNCTIONING AT THE TIME OF THE ALLEGED VIOLATION.
   §  9.  The  opening  paragraph  and  paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of
 section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as  separately  amended  by
 section  10  of  chapter 145 and section 9 of chapter 148 of the laws of
 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of  this
 state  result  in  a  conviction  for an offense under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule

 S. 5223--A                         46
 
 or  regulation  adopted  pursuant  to this chapter, other than a traffic
 infraction involving standing, stopping, or  parking  or  violations  by
 pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an  adjudication  in  accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of
 a bus lane restriction as defined in such  section,  or  other  than  an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)
 of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  adju-
 dication  of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, or
 other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
 section  eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or other than  an
 adjudication  of  liability  of  an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,
 OR  OTHER  THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, there shall be levied a  crime  victim  assistance  fee  and  a
 mandatory  surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted
 by law, in accordance with the following schedule:
   (c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a  court  of
 this  state  result  in  a  conviction for an offense under this chapter
 other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this
 chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter,  or  a  local  law,
 ordinance,  rule  or  regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other
 than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping,  or  parking  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-a of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  infraction  pursuant
 to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil-
 ity  of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant
 to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than
 an  adjudication  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of
 this chapter for a violation of a bus lane  restriction  as  defined  in
 such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for

 S. 5223--A                         47
 
 a  violation  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter,  or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d  of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF
 AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a  crime  victim
 assistance  fee in the amount of five dollars and a mandatory surcharge,
 in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the  amount
 of fifty-five dollars.
   §  9-a.  The  opening  paragraph and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of
 section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10 of
 chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of  this
 state  result  in  a  conviction  for an offense under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule
 or  regulation  adopted  pursuant  to this chapter, other than a traffic
 infraction involving standing, stopping, or  parking  or  violations  by
 pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an  adjudication  in  accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of
 a bus lane restriction as defined in such  section,  or  other  than  an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)
 of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  adju-
 dication  of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, OR
 OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of section eleven hundred  seventy-four  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,
 there shall be levied a crime victim  assistance  fee  and  a  mandatory
 surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in
 accordance with the following schedule:
   (c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a  court  of
 this  state  result  in  a  conviction for an offense under this chapter
 other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this

 S. 5223--A                         48
 
 chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter,  or  a  local  law,
 ordinance,  rule  or  regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other
 than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping,  or  parking  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-a of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  infraction  pursuant
 to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil-
 ity  of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant
 to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than
 an  adjudication  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of
 this chapter for a violation of a bus lane  restriction  as  defined  in
 such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a  violation  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF
 AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a crime victim  assist-
 ance  fee  in  the  amount of five dollars and a mandatory surcharge, in
 addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount  of
 fifty-five dollars.
   §  9-b.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by section 10-a of chapter 145 and section 9-a  of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule
 or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter,  other  than  a  traffic
 infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equip-
 ment  or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adju-
 dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
 than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdi-
 vision  (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than

 S. 5223--A                         49
 
 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
 or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF  LIABILITY  OF  AN
 OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  or  other than an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory  surcharge,
 in  addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount
 of twenty-five dollars.
   § 9-c. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  separately amended by section 10-b of chapter 145 and section 9-b of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
 than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi-
 vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter  in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,
 OR  OTHER  THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION
 OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, or other than an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, or other than an adjudication  of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of  this  chapter,
 there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence
 required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  9-d.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by section 10-c of chapter 145 and section 9-c  of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),  (c),  (d),
 (f)  or  (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than

 S. 5223--A                         50
 
 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,
 or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, OR
 OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of section eleven hundred  seventy-four  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,
 there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence
 required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 9-e. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  separately amended by section 10-d of chapter 145 and section 9-d of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),
 (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN
 AN  ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or
 other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
 subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be
 levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any  sentence  required  or
 permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  9-f.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by section 10-f of chapter 145 and section 9-f  of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),  (c),  (d),
 (f)  or  (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN
 AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or

 S. 5223--A                         51
 
 other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
 subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be
 levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any  sentence  required  or
 permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  9-g.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by section 10-g of chapter 145 and section 9-g  of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJU-
 DICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be
 levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any  sentence  required  or
 permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  9-h.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by chapter 16 of the laws of 1983 and  chapter  62
 of the laws of 1989, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION
 OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR
 (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a
 mandatory  surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted
 by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 10. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law, as separately amended by section 11 of chapter 145 and
 section 10 of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is  amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-

 S. 5223--A                         52
 
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter, and except an adjudication of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chap-
 ter,  and  except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with section eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined in such section, and [expect] EXCEPT an adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, and
 except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  toll
 collection  regulations  pursuant  to  section two thousand nine hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or other than an adjudication of liabil-
 ity of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g)
 of section eleven hundred eighty of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDI-
 CATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall
 be levied in addition  to  any  sentence,  penalty  or  other  surcharge
 required  or  permitted  by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight
 dollars.
   § 10-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic law, as amended by section 11 of chapter 145 of the laws of
 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chap-
 ter,  and  except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with section eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined in such section, and [expect] EXCEPT an adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, AND
 EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF  AN  OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section  two  thou-
 sand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four

 S. 5223--A                         53
 
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
 to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required  or  permitted  by
 law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-a  of  chapter  145
 and  section 10-a of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read
 as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter, and except an adjudication in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction as defined in such section, and except  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)
 or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this  chapter  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter, and except an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,
 AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section  two  thou-
 sand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
 to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required  or  permitted  by
 law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-b  of  chapter  145
 and  section 10-b of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read
 as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this

 S. 5223--A                         54
 
 chapter, and except an adjudication of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b  of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an
 owner for a violation of subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF
 LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),  (D),  (F)  OR
 (G)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except  an  adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regu-
 lations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter  seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the  laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, there shall be levied in addition to  any  sentence,  penalty  or
 other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of
 twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-c  of  chapter  145
 and  section 10-c of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read
 as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter, and except an adjudication of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF  AN
 OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liabil-
 ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations  pursuant
 to  section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there  shall
 be  levied  in  addition  to  any  sentence,  penalty or other surcharge
 required or permitted by law, an additional  surcharge  of  twenty-eight
 dollars.
   §  10-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-e  of  chapter  145
 and  section 10-e of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read
 as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-

 S. 5223--A                         55
 
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER
 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER, or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication of  liability
 of  an  owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there  shall
 be  levied  in  addition  to  any  sentence,  penalty or other surcharge
 required or permitted by law, an additional  surcharge  of  twenty-eight
 dollars.
   §  10-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-f  of  chapter  145
 and  section 10-f of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read
 as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION
 OF  SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of
 this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of  an
 owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section
 two  thousand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty, there shall be
 levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-g. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law,  as amended by section 5 of part C of chapter 55 of the
 laws of 2013, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-

 S. 5223--A                         56
 
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter,  AND  EXCEPT  AS  AN  ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to  section  two
 thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law or
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty, there shall be
 levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  11.  Subparagraph  (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section
 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by  section  8
 of  chapter  145  and  section 11 of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
 of there is a certification from a  court,  parking  violations  bureau,
 traffic  and  parking  violations  agency  or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  or  administrative  tribunal  of  appropriate
 jurisdiction  that the registrant or his or her representative failed to
 appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed  to
 comply  with  the  rules  and  regulations of an administrative tribunal
 following entry of a final decision in response to a total of  three  or
 more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within an eigh-
 teen  month  period,  charging  either  that: (i) such motor vehicle was
 parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for
 hire by the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed  as  a
 motor  vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation
 of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance,  rule
 or  regulation  made  by  a  local authority; or (ii) the registrant was
 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a, section elev-
 en hundred eleven-b or section eleven hundred eleven-d of  this  chapter
 for  a  violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of
 this chapter; or (iii) the registrant  was  liable  in  accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus
 lane  restriction as defined in such section, or (iv) the registrant was
 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chap-
 ter  for a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter, or (vi) the registrant was liable in  accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this  chapter;  or
 (vii)  the  registrant  was  liable  in  accordance  with section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven
 hundred seventy-four of this chapter, or (vii) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty  of
 this  chapter,  OR  (VIII)  THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the regis-

 S. 5223--A                         57
 
 tration or renewal application until the applicant provides  proof  from
 the  court,  traffic  and  parking  violations  agency or administrative
 tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an  appearance  or  answer
 has  been  made  or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or
 she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal follow-
 ing entry of a final decision. Where an application is  denied  pursuant
 to  this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a
 registration or renewal application to any other  person  for  the  same
 vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other
 motor  vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commis-
 sioner has determined that such registrant's intent has  been  to  evade
 the  purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reason-
 able grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have  the
 effect  of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall
 only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in
 the  case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply
 with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 11-a. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of  section
 401  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of chapter
 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
 of there is a certification from a  court,  parking  violations  bureau,
 traffic  and  parking  violations  agency  or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction or [adminstrative] ADMINISTRATIVE  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in  response  to  a
 total  of  three  or  more  summonses or other process in the aggregate,
 issued within an eighteen month period, charging either that:  (i)  such
 motor  vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehi-
 cle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent  without
 being  licensed  as  a  motor  vehicle for hire by the appropriate local
 authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter  or  of
 any  law,  ordinance,  rule  or regulation made by a local authority; or
 (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a, section eleven hundred  eleven-b  or  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter;  or  (iii)  the  registrant  was
 liable  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap-
 ter for a violation of  a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined  in  such
 section,  or  (iv)  the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or (vi) the
 registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e
 of  this  chapter  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter; or (vii) the registrant  was  liable  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this  chapter,
 OR  (VIII)  THE  REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (D),  (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the
 commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or  renewal
 application  until  the applicant provides proof from the court, traffic
 and parking violations agency or  administrative  tribunal  wherein  the
 charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the

 S. 5223--A                         58
 
 case  of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the
 rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final  deci-
 sion.  Where  an  application  is  denied  pursuant to this section, the
 commissioner  may,  in  his  or  her  discretion, deny a registration or
 renewal application to any other person for the  same  vehicle  and  may
 deny  a  registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle
 registered in the name of  the  applicant  where  the  commissioner  has
 determined  that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes
 of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
 believe that such registration  or  renewal  will  have  the  effect  of
 defeating  the  purposes  of  this  subdivision.  Such denial shall only
 remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in  the
 case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with
 the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 11-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-a of chapter 145 of
 the laws of 2019 and section 11-a of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019. is
 amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a final decision in  response  to  a
 total  of  three  or  more  summonses or other process in the aggregate,
 issued within an eighteen month period, charging either that:  (i)  such
 motor  vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehi-
 cle was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent  without
 being  licensed  as  a  motor  vehicle for hire by the appropriate local
 authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter  or  of
 any  law,  ordinance,  rule  or regulation made by a local authority; or
 (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter;  or (iii) the registrant was
 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
 ter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane  restriction as defined in such
 section; or (iv) the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (v) the  regis-
 trant  was  liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b),  (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section  eleven  hundred eighty of this chapter ; or (vi) the registrant
 was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  for  a  violation  of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this chapter; or (vii) the registrant was liable in accordance
 with section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  section  eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter; or
 [(vii)] (VIII) the registrant was  liable  in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter; OR (IX) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (D),  (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the
 commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or  renewal
 application  until the applicant provides proof from the court or admin-
 istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or

 S. 5223--A                         59
 
 answer has been made or in the case of an administrative  tribunal  that
 he  or  she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal
 following entry of a final decision.  Where  an  application  is  denied
 pursuant   to  this  section,  the  commissioner  may,  in  his  or  her
 discretion, deny a registration or  renewal  application  to  any  other
 person  for  the  same  vehicle  and  may deny a registration or renewal
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  11-c.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-b of chapter 145 and
 section 11-b of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to  read  as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped
 or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated  for  hire  by  the
 registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
 for  hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accord-
 ance with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section; or (iii)
 the  registrant  was  liable  in  accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter,[,]  or  the  registrant  was  liable  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter;  or (v) the registrant was liable in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter; or (VI) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF  THIS  CHAPTER;
 OR  (vii)  the  registrant  was liable in accordance with section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven
 hundred seventy-four of this chapter, the commissioner  or  his  or  her
 agent  shall  deny  the  registration  or  renewal application until the
 applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
 ein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has  been  made
 or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied
 with  the  rules  and  regulations of said tribunal following entry of a

 S. 5223--A                         60
 
 final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
 the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a  registration  or
 renewal  application  to  any  other person for the same vehicle and may
 deny  a  registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle
 registered in the name of  the  applicant  where  the  commissioner  has
 determined  that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes
 of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
 believe that such registration  or  renewal  will  have  the  effect  of
 defeating  the  purposes  of  this  subdivision.  Such denial shall only
 remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in  the
 case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with
 the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 11-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-c of chapter 145 and
 section  11-c  of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped
 or  standing,  or  that  such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the
 registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
 for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in  accord-
 ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter;  or  (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for  violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter,[,]  or  the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty  of  this  chapter;  or
 (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (v)  THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER; OR (VI) the registrant was liable in accordance
 with section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  section  eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, the
 commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or  renewal
 application  until the applicant provides proof from the court or admin-
 istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or
 answer has been made or in the case of an administrative  tribunal  that
 he  or  she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal
 following entry of a final decision.  Where  an  application  is  denied
 pursuant   to  this  section,  the  commissioner  may,  in  his  or  her
 discretion, deny a registration or  renewal  application  to  any  other
 person  for  the  same  vehicle  and  may deny a registration or renewal
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's

 S. 5223--A                         61
 
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 11-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-d of chapter 145 and
 section  11-d  of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant  or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for
 hire by the appropriate local authority, in  violation  of  any  of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority, or the registrant was  liable  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for violations of
 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven  hundred  eighty
 of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or the  registrant
 was  liable  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section
 eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section
 eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter, the commissioner or his or
 her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application  until  the
 applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
 ein  the  charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made
 or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied
 with the rules and regulations of said tribunal  following  entry  of  a
 final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
 the  commissioner  may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or
 renewal application to any other person for the  same  vehicle  and  may
 deny  a  registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle
 registered in the name of  the  applicant  where  the  commissioner  has
 determined  that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes
 of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
 believe that such registration  or  renewal  will  have  the  effect  of
 defeating  the  purposes  of  this  subdivision.  Such denial shall only
 remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in  the
 case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with
 the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 11-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-f of chapter 145 and

 S. 5223--A                         62
 
 section  11-f  of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period,  charging  that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle  for
 hire  by  the  appropriate  local  authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by  a  local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for  violations  of
 subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
 of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT
 WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER  FOR  A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was  liable  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this  chapter,
 the  commissioner  or  his  or  her agent shall deny the registration or
 renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or
 administrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an  appear-
 ance  or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribu-
 nal that he has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal
 following entry of a final decision.  Where  an  application  is  denied
 pursuant   to  this  section,  the  commissioner  may,  in  his  or  her
 discretion, deny a registration or  renewal  application  to  any  other
 person  for  the  same  vehicle  and  may deny a registration or renewal
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  11-g.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-g of chapter 145 and
 section 11-g of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to  read  as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  OR  HER  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period,  charging  that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-

 S. 5223--A                         63
 
 trant or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle  for
 hire  by  the  appropriate  local  authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by  a  local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance
 with section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, or the
 registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d
 of  this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g)
 of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT  WAS
 LIABLE  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAP-
 TER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEV-
 EN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his OR HER  agent
 shall  deny  the registration or renewal application until the applicant
 provides proof from the court or  administrative  tribunal  wherein  the
 charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the
 case  of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the
 rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final  deci-
 sion.  Where  an  application  is  denied  pursuant to this section, the
 commissioner may, in his OR  HER  discretion,  deny  a  registration  or
 renewal  application  to  any  other person for the same vehicle and may
 deny a registration or renewal application for any other  motor  vehicle
 registered  in  the  name  of  the  applicant where the commissioner has
 determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the  purposes
 of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
 believe  that  such  registration  or  renewal  will  have the effect of
 defeating the purposes of  this  subdivision.  Such  denial  shall  only
 remain  in  effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the
 case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply  with
 the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   §  11-h.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 339 and  592  of  the
 laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  OR  HER  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period,  charging  that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle  for
 hire  by  the  appropriate  local  authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by  a  local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his OR HER agent shall deny the regis-
 tration or renewal application until the applicant provides  proof  from
 the  court  or  administrative  tribunal wherein the charges are pending
 that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an adminis-
 trative tribunal that he OR SHE has complied with the  rules  and  regu-
 lations  of  said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an
 application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in
 his OR HER discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any
 other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal

 S. 5223--A                         64
 
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  12.  The  general  municipal law is amended by adding a new section
 371-a to read as follows:
   § 371-A. ADDITIONAL JURISDICTION AND PROCEDURE RELATED TO THE  ADJUDI-
 CATION  OF  CERTAIN  NOTICES  OF  LIABILITY. A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU
 ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO  SUBDIVISION  ONE  AND  A  TRAFFIC  AND  PARKING
 VIOLATIONS  AGENCY  ESTABLISHED  PURSUANT  TO SUBDIVISION TWO OF SECTION
 THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY-ONE OF THIS ARTICLE MAY BE AUTHORIZED  TO  ADJUDI-
 CATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F)
 OR  (G)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW
 PURSUANT TO A DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  ESTABLISHED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ARTICLE.
   § 13. Section 1803 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding
 two new subdivisions 11 and 12 to read as follows:
   11. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH E OF SUBDIVISION ONE  OF
 THIS SECTION, WHERE THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION HAS ESTABLISHED A
 DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  IMPOSING  MONETARY  LIABILITY  ON THE OWNER OF A
 VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO  COMPLY  WITH  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, ANY
 FINE OR PENALTY COLLECTED BY A COURT, JUDGE, MAGISTRATE OR OTHER OFFICER
 FOR AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY WHICH OCCURS  PURSUANT  TO  SUCH  PROGRAM
 SHALL  BE PAID TO THE STATE COMPTROLLER WITHIN THE FIRST TEN DAYS OF THE
 MONTH FOLLOWING COLLECTION. EVERY SUCH PAYMENT SHALL BE ACCOMPANIED BY A
 STATEMENT IN SUCH FORM AND DETAIL AS THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PROVIDE.  THE
 COMPTROLLER SHALL PAY EIGHTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY IMPOSED
 FOR  SUCH  LIABILITY TO THE GENERAL FUND, AND TWENTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH
 FINE OR PENALTY TO THE CITY, TOWN OR  VILLAGE  IN  WHICH  THE  VIOLATION
 GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY OCCURRED.  ALL FINES, PENALTIES AND FORFEI-
 TURES PAID TO A CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THIS
 SUBDIVISION  SHALL BE CREDITED TO THE GENERAL FUND OF SUCH CITY, TOWN OR
 VILLAGE, UNLESS  A  DIFFERENT  DISPOSITION  IS  PRESCRIBED  BY  CHARTER,
 SPECIAL LAW, LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE.
   12.  EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH E OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF
 THIS SECTION, WHERE THE CHAIR OF THE NEW YORK  STATE  THRUWAY  AUTHORITY
 HAS  ESTABLISHED  A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON
 THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, ANY FINE OR PENALTY COLLECTED BY A COURT, JUDGE, MAGISTRATE  OR
 OTHER  OFFICER  FOR  AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY WHICH OCCURS PURSUANT TO
 SUCH PROGRAM SHALL BE PAID TO THE STATE COMPTROLLER WITHIN THE FIRST TEN
 DAYS OF THE MONTH FOLLOWING COLLECTION.  EVERY  SUCH  PAYMENT  SHALL  BE
 ACCOMPANIED  BY  A  STATEMENT IN SUCH FORM AND DETAIL AS THE COMPTROLLER
 SHALL PROVIDE. THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PAY EIGHTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE
 OR PENALTY IMPOSED FOR SUCH LIABILITY  TO  THE  THRUWAY  AUTHORITY,  AND
 TWENTY  PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY TO THE CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE

 S. 5223--A                         65
 
 IN WHICH THE VIOLATION GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY OCCURRED.   FOR  THE
 PURPOSES  OF  THIS  SUBDIVISION, THE TERM "THRUWAY AUTHORITY" SHALL MEAN
 THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY  AUTHORITY,  A  BODY  CORPORATE  AND  POLITIC
 CONSTITUTING  A  PUBLIC  CORPORATION CREATED AND CONSTITUTED PURSUANT TO
 TITLE NINE OF ARTICLE TWO OF THE  PUBLIC  AUTHORITIES  LAW.  ALL  FINES,
 PENALTIES  AND  FORFEITURES  PAID TO A CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE PURSUANT TO
 THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL BE CREDITED TO THE GENERAL FUND
 OF SUCH CITY,  TOWN  OR  VILLAGE,  UNLESS  A  DIFFERENT  DISPOSITION  IS
 PRESCRIBED BY  CHARTER, SPECIAL LAW, LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE.
   §  14.  Subdivision  2  of  section  87  of the public officers law is
 amended by adding a new paragraph (r) to read as follows:
   (R) ARE PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED
 IMAGES  PREPARED  UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E
 OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
   § 15. The purchase or lease of equipment for a  demonstration  program
 pursuant  to  section  1180-e  of  the  vehicle and traffic law shall be
 subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law.
   § 16. This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after  it  shall
 have  become  a  law  and shall expire 5 years after such effective date
 when upon such date the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed;
 and provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation  of
 this  act  on  its effective date shall be promulgated on or before such
 effective date, provided that:
   (a) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle  and
 traffic law made by section one of this act shall not affect the expira-
 tion  of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon
 such date the provisions of section one-a of this act shall take effect;
   (a-1) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-a  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-b of this act shall take effect;
   (a-2)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-b of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-c of this act shall take effect;
   (a-3) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-c  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-d of this act shall take effect;
   (a-4)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-d of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-e of this act shall take effect;
   (a-5) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-e  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-f of this act shall take effect;
   (a-6)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-f of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-g of this act shall take effect;
   (a-7) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-g  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-h of this act shall take effect;

 S. 5223--A                         66
 
   (a-8)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-h of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-i of this act shall take effect;
   (b)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section two of this act shall not affect the expira-
 tion of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when
 upon  such  date  the provisions of section two-a of this act shall take
 effect;
   (b-1) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-a of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-b of this act shall
 take effect;
   (b-2) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-b of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-c of this act shall
 take effect;
   (b-3) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-c of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-d of this act shall
 take effect;
   (b-4) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-d of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-e of this act shall
 take effect;
   (b-5) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-e of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-f of this act shall
 take effect;
   (b-6) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-f of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-g of this act shall
 take effect;
   (b-7) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law made by section two-g of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
 when  upon  such  date the provisions of section two-h of this act shall
 take effect;
   (c) the amendments to subdivision 10 of section 237 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section three of this act shall not affect the expi-
 ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section three-a of this act shall  take
 effect;
   (c-1) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section four of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section four-a of this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-2) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-a of this act shall not

 S. 5223--A                         67
 
 affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section four-b of this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-3) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-b of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-c of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-4) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-c of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-d of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-5) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-d of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-e of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-6) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-e of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-f of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-7) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-f of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-g of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-8) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-g of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-h of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section  five  of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-a of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-1) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-a of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-b of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-2)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section five-b of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-c of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-3) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-c of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-d of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-4)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section five-d of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire

 S. 5223--A                         68
 
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-e of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-5)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section five-e of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-f of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-6) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-f of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-g of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-7)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 240 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section five-g of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section five-h of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (d-8)  the amendments to subdivision 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section five-h of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section five-i of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (e)  the  amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six of this act shall
 not affect the expiration of such paragraphs  and  shall  be  deemed  to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-a of
 this act shall take effect;
   (e-1) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-a of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-b
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-2) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-b of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-c
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-3) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-c of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-d
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-4) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-d of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-e
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-5) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-e of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-f
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-6) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-f of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed

 S. 5223--A                         69

 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-g
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-7) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-g of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-h
 of this act shall take effect;
   (f) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic law made by section seven of this act shall not affect
 the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-a of this  act
 shall take effect;
   (f-1)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-a of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-b of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-2)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-b of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-c of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-3)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-c of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-d of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-4)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-d of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-e of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-5)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-e of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-f of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-6)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-f of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-g of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-7)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-g of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon  such date the provisions of sections seven-h and
 seven-i of this act shall take effect;
   (g) the amendments to the  opening  paragraph  and  paragraph  (c)  of
 subdivision  1  of  section  1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by
 section nine of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section
 and shall be deemed  to  expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the
 provisions of section nine-a of this act shall take effect;
   (g-1)  the  amendments  to  the opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of
 subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law  made  by
 section  nine-a  of  this  act  shall  not affect the expiration of such

 S. 5223--A                         70
 
 section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
 provisions of section nine-b of this act shall take effect;
   (g-2)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-b of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon  such  date the provisions of section nine-c of this act shall take
 effect;
   (g-3) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law made by section nine-c of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section nine-d of this act  shall  take
 effect;
   (g-4)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-d of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon  such  date the provisions of section nine-e of this act shall take
 effect;
   (g-5) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law made by section nine-e of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section nine-f of this act  shall  take
 effect;
   (g-6)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-f of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon  such  date the provisions of section nine-g of this act shall take
 effect;
   (g-7) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law made by section nine-g of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section nine-h of this act  shall  take
 effect;
   (h)  the  amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such section and  shall  be  deemed  to  expire
 therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section ten-a of this
 act shall take effect;
   (h-1) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic  law
 made  by  section  ten-a  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section ten-b of this act shall take effect;
   (h-2)  the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section ten-b of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section ten-c of this act shall take effect;
   (h-3) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic  law
 made  by  section  ten-c  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section ten-d of this act shall take effect;
   (h-4)  the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section ten-d of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section ten-e of this act shall take effect;
   (h-5) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic  law
 made  by  section  ten-e  of this act shall not affect the expiration of

 S. 5223--A                         71
 
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section ten-f of this act shall take effect;
   (h-6)  the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section ten-f of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section ten-g of this act shall take effect;
   (i) the amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a  of  subdivision
 5-a  of  of  section  401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section
 eleven of this act shall not affect the expiration of such  section  and
 shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions
 of section eleven-a of this act shall take effect;
   (i-1) the amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision
 5-a of section 401 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law  made  by  section
 eleven-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and
 shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions
 of section eleven-b of this act shall take effect;
   (i-2) the amendments to section 401 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section eleven-b of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section eleven-c of this act shall take effect;
   (i-3)  the  amendments  to  section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section eleven-c of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section eleven-d of this act shall take effect;
   (i-4) the amendments to section 401 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section eleven-d of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section eleven-e of this act shall take effect;
   (i-5)  the  amendments  to  section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section eleven-e of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section eleven-f of this act shall take effect;
   (i-6) the amendments to section 401 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section eleven-f of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date  the  provisions of section eleven-g of this act shall take effect;
 and
   (i-7) the amendments to section 401 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section eleven-g of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section eleven-h of this act shall take effect.

co-Sponsors

View additional co-sponsors

2019-S5223B (ACTIVE) - Details

Current Committee:: Senate Transportation
Law Section:: Vehicle and Traffic Law
Laws Affected:: Amd V & T L, generally; add §371-a, Gen Muni L; amd §87, Pub Off L
Versions Introduced in 2021-2022 Legislative Session:: S4682

2019-S5223B (ACTIVE) - Summary

Establishes a demonstration program implementing speed violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices.

2019-S5223B (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

                                
 
BILL NUMBER: S5223B

SPONSOR: KENNEDY
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,
in relation to establishing a demonstration program implementing speed
violation monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices;
and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration thereof

 
PURPOSE OF BILL:

To create a pilot program placing speed cameras in work zones, which
will establish the efficacy of using automatic speed monitoring systems
for enforcement in speed zones.

 
SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS:

Section 1 relates to the adjudication of speed cameras in work zones.

Section 2 and its subsections amends subdivision 1 of section 236 of the

vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145 and 148
of the laws of 2019.

Section 3 amends section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law by adding a
new subdivision 17.

Section 4 and its subsections amends paragraph f of subdivision 1 of
section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by
chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019.

Section 5 and its subdivisions amends subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters
145 and 148 of the laws of 2019.

Section 6 and its subsections amends subdivision 2 of section 240 of the
vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145 and 148
of the laws of 2019.

Section 7 and its subsections amends subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241
of the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 145
and 148 of the laws of 2019.

Section 8 adds a new section 1180-e to the vehicle and traffic law.

Section 9 and its subsections amends the opening paragraph and paragraph
(c) of subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law.

Section 10 and its subsections amends subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of
the vehicle and traffic law.

Section 11 and its subsections amends subdivision 5-a of section 401 of
the vehicle and traffic law in regards to vehicle registration and driv-
er liability.

Section 12 adds a new section 371-a to the general municipal law.

Section 13 adds two new subdivisions 11 and 12 to section 1803 of the
vehicle and traffic law.
Section 14 amends subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law
regarding all renderings from the demonstration program, including
photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded images.

Section 15 establishes that purchasing or leasing of equipment for the
demonstration program pursuant to section 1180-e of the vehicle and
traffic law shall be subject to the provisions of section 103 of the
general municipal law.

Section 16 sets the effective date.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Speed is a significant contributor to highway crashes. Automatic speed
enforcement technologies have already been either trialed or implemented
in a number of other states as well as in other countries. In Maryland,
where speed cameras were first used statewide in 2010, photographic
enforcement has resulted in a 10% mean reduction in driver speeds, a 59%
reduction in the likelihood of a motorist traveling more than 10 mph
over the speed limit, which in turn resulted in a 39% reduction in the
likelihood of an accident resulting in an incapacitating injury and a
45% reduction in the number of fatalities from work-zone related acci-
dents. Using cameras also decrease the police-driver interaction, as
tickets are mailed based solely on photographic evidence of the license
plate, and do not involve physically pulling an individual over.

According to data from the New York State Department of Transportation,
from 2010-2016 there were 3,450 accidents in work zones on NYS highways
that resulted in 50 fatalities and over 1,100 injuries to motorists and
workers. According to the World Health Organization, for every increase
in speed of 6 miles per hour, the likelihood of an accident involving
injury increases by 20%. Stronger enforcement of speeding in work zones
has the potential to significantly reduce both the incidence of motorist
and worker fatalities while training better overall motorist behavior.

This bill establishes a pilot program with a narrow enough scope to
record strong data regarding the efficacy of using speed cameras in work
zones to influence driver behavior. Worker safety is of paramount impor-
tance, especially as the State continues to invest in repaving our roads
and highways. The program will determine whether automatic enforcement
mechanisms work in the context of work zones, whether stronger enforce-
ment produces better outcomes for injury and fatalities, and whether
money can be saved be reducing the labor costs associated with manual
enforcement.

 
PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

New bill

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall have
become a law.

2019-S5223B (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

                            
 
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  5223--B
 
                        2019-2020 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                              April 16, 2019
                                ___________
 
 Introduced   by   Sens.  KENNEDY,  BAILEY,  BRESLIN,  COMRIE,  GAUGHRAN,
   GOUNARDES, HARCKHAM, JACKSON, KAPLAN,  LIU,  MYRIE,  PERSAUD,  SAVINO,
   SKOUFIS  --  read  twice  and  ordered printed, and when printed to be
   committed to the Committee on Transportation  --  recommitted  to  the
   Committee  on  Transportation in accordance with Senate Rule 6, sec. 8
   -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered  reprinted  as  amended
   and  recommitted  to  said  committee  --  committee  discharged, bill
   amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted to said  commit-
   tee
 
 AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,
   in relation to establishing a demonstration program implementing speed
   violation  monitoring systems in work zones by means of photo devices;
   and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration there-
   of
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section  1.  Subdivision  1  of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 1 of chapters 145 and 148 of  the
 laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special
 or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any  city  which
 heretofore  or  hereafter  is  authorized to establish an administrative
 tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti-
 tuting parking, standing or stopping violations, or  to  adjudicate  the
 liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws  of  two thousand nine,] or to adjudicate the liability of
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.

                                                            LBD09902-08-0

 S. 5223--B                          2
 
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of
 section  eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter in accordance with
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to  adjudicate
 the  liability  of  owners  for violations of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined  in  and
 in  accordance  with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred
 eighty-five of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c of this chapter for
 violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in subdivision (b),  (c),
 (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of  such  section, or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of section eleven hundred eighty of  this  chapter
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or
 to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d  of  this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR
 VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal
 and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 1-a. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended  by  section 1 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general,  special
 or  local  law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which
 heretofore or hereafter is authorized  to  establish  an  administrative
 tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti-
 tuting  parking,  standing  or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the
 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
 violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
 chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and  twenty-two
 of  the  laws  of  two  thousand nine, or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate
 the liability of owners for violations of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners  for  violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and
 in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the
 laws  of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for
 violations  of bus lane restrictions as defined in subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of such section,  or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of

 S. 5223--B                          3
 
 owners  for  violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,  OR
 TO  ADJUDICATE  THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations
 pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance  with
 the following sections.
   §  1-b.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as separately
 amended by sections 1-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this  chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine,  or  to  adjudicate
 the  liability  of  owners  for violations of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter,  or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
 this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate
 the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as
 defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand
 nine hundred eighty-five of the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of  the  laws  of  nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of
 owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
 ter  for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section,
 or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
 or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,
 OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such
 tribunal and the rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  1-c.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as separately
 amended by sections 1-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to

 S. 5223--B                          4
 
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen  of  chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand
 nine, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of  subdi-
 vision  (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudi-
 cate the liability of  owners  for  violations  of  subdivision  (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty,  or  to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  for  violations  of  bus  lane
 restrictions  as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY
 OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and  regu-
 lations  pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conform-
 ance with the following sections.
   § 1-d. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by sections 1-c of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  section  eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of  this  chapter,
 or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
 of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane
 restrictions as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of

 S. 5223--B                          5
 
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY
 OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and  regu-
 lations  pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conform-
 ance with the following sections.
   § 1-e. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by sections 1-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of  owners  for
 violations  of  section  eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of  this  chapter,
 or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
 of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners for violations  of  subdivi-
 sions  (c)  and  (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,  or  to
 adjudicate  the  liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,  OR  TO
 ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such
 tribunal and the rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   §  1-f.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as separately
 amended by sections 1-e of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for

 S. 5223--B                          6
 
 violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,
 or to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of  toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdi-
 vision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of
 this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of  this
 chapter,  OR  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining  thereto
 shall  be  constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with the following
 sections.
   § 1-g. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by sections 1-f of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
 of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll
 collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
 provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
 of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdi-
 vision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of
 this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of  this
 chapter,  OR  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining  thereto
 shall  be  constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with the following
 sections.
   § 1-h. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
 amended  by sections 1-g of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, is
 amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
 administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate the liability of owners  for  violations  of  section  eleven
 hundred  seventy-four  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate  the  liability
 of  owners  for  violations of toll collection regulations as defined in
 and in accordance with the  provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine

 S. 5223--B                          7
 
 hundred   eighty-five   of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate the liability of
 owners  for  violations  of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY
 OF  OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal and the rules and regu-
 lations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial  conform-
 ance with the following sections.
   §  1-i.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as separately
 amended by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972 and chapter 379 of  the  laws
 of 1992, is amended to read as follows:
   § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
 general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
 any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
 administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
 infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
 adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners for violations of toll collection
 regulations as defined in and  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, OR TO ADJU-
 DICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),
 (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, such tribunal
 and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic  law,  as
 separately  amended by sections 2 of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws of
 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision  (a)  of  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of  two  thousand  nine,  or  subdivision  (a) of section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners
 for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven  hundred  eleven  of
 this  chapter  in  accordance with such section eleven hundred eleven-a,
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen  of  chap-
 ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-d  or  section eleven hundred eleven-e and shall
 adjudicate the liability of owners for  violations  of  toll  collection
 regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance with the provisions of
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen  hundred  fifty  and  shall
 adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  violations of bus lane restrictions as
 defined in such section and shall  adjudicate  liability  of  owners  in

 S. 5223--B                          8
 
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four  of  this  chapter
 and  shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
 sion  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap-
 ter and shall adjudicate the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of
 subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
 of this chapter in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of
 this   chapter,  AND  SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR
 VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-E  OF THIS CHAPTER.  Such tribunal, except in a city with a population
 of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned  vehi-
 cle violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is
 the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating
 the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes
 of  this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner
 of traffic of the city or an official possessing  authority  as  such  a
 commissioner.
   § 2-a. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended  by  section 2 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to
 read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision  (a)  of  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of  two  thousand  nine,  or  subdivision  (a) of section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners
 for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven  hundred  eleven  of
 this  chapter  in  accordance with such section eleven hundred eleven-a,
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen  of  chap-
 ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-d  or  section eleven hundred eleven-e and shall
 adjudicate the liability of owners for  violations  of  toll  collection
 regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance with the provisions of
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen  hundred  fifty  and  shall
 adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  violations of bus lane restrictions as
 defined in such section and shall  adjudicate  liability  of  owners  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four  of  this  chapter
 and  shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
 sion (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap-
 ter,  AND  SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER.   Such tribunal, except in a city  with  a  population  of  one
 million  or  more,  shall  also  have  jurisdiction of abandoned vehicle

 S. 5223--B                          9
 
 violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the
 violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the
 parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes  of
 this  article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of
 traffic of the city or  an  official  possessing  authority  as  such  a
 commissioner.
   § 2-b. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately  amended  by sections 2-a of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivisions  (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine, or  subdivision  (a)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners
 for  violations  of  subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of
 this chapter in accordance with such sections eleven hundred eleven-b as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section elev-
 en hundred eleven-e; and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations
 of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section and shall adjudicate
 liability of owners in accordance with section eleven  hundred  seventy-
 four-a  of  this chapter for violations of section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four of this chapter and shall adjudicate  liability  of  owners  for
 violations  of subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty
 of this chapter in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of
 this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations
 of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-d  of  this  chapter,  SHALL  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR
 VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER.    For  the  purposes of this article, a parking
 violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing  for
 or  regulating  the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the commissioner of traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official  possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   § 2-c. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately  amended  by sections 2-b of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
 subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d or subdivision (a) of
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall  adjudicate
 liability  of  owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c
 of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions  as  defined  in
 such   section;  and  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for

 S. 5223--B                         10
 
 violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g)  of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b  of  this chapter; and shall adjudicate the liability of owners
 for  violations  of  subdivision  (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS
 FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.  For the purposes of this article,  a  parking
 violation  is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for
 or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle.  In  addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the  commissioner  of  traffic  of  the  city  or an official possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   § 2-d. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately amended by sections 2-c of chapters 145 and 148 of  the  laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and,  where  authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a)
 of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision  (a)  of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris-
 diction  of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and
 shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
 and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of  subdivi-
 sion  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chap-
 ter, AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER.    For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the
 violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the
 parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes  of
 this  article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of
 traffic of the city or  an  official  possessing  authority  as  such  a
 commissioner.
   § 2-e. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately  amended  by sections 2-d of chapters 145 and 148 of the laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to  subdivision  (a)
 of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris-
 diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation  and
 shall  adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,
 AND  SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI-
 SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS  CHAPTER.
 For  the  purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation

 S. 5223--B                         11
 
 of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,
 stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic  of  the  city or an official possessing authority as such a commis-
 sioner.
   § 2-f. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately amended by sections 2-e of chapters 145 and 148 of  the  laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  or subdivision (a) of section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traf-
 fic infractions which constitute a parking violation and  shall  adjudi-
 cate  the  liability  of  owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND
 SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.  For
 the purposes of this article, a parking violation is  the  violation  of
 any  law,  rule  or  regulation providing for or regulating the parking,
 stopping or standing of a vehicle. In  addition  for  purposes  of  this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic  of  the  city or an official possessing authority as such a commis-
 sioner.
   § 2-g. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 separately amended by sections 2-f of chapters 145 and 148 of  the  laws
 of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
 tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
 and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have juris-
 diction  of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and
 shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,
 AND SHALL ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF  SUBDIVI-
 SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
 For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is  the  violation
 of  any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking,
 stopping or standing of a vehicle. In  addition  for  purposes  of  this
 article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
 fic  of  the  city or an official possessing authority as such a commis-
 sioner.
   § 2-h. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation AND, WHERE AUTHORIZED BY LOCAL LAW ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, SHALL ADJUDICATE THE
 LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F)  OR  (G)
 OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.  For  the  purposes  of

 S. 5223--B                         12
 
 this  article,  a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or
 regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing
 of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this  article,  "commissioner"
 shall  mean  and  include  the commissioner of traffic of the city or an
 official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   § 3. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a
 new subdivision 17 to read as follows:
   17. TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS  OF  SUBDIVI-
 SION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAP-
 TER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4.  Paragraph  f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4 of chapters 145 and 148
 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision  nine  of  section two hundred thirty-seven of this article,
 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
 to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred  eleven-a  of  this
 chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by
 sections  sixteen  of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two
 thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d of  this  chapter,  or
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter, or section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,  and  shall  not  be  deemed  to
 include  a  notice  of liability issued pursuant to section two thousand
 nine hundred eighty-five of the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not be deemed to include
 a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c
 of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability
 issued  pursuant  to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED
 TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4-a. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019,
 is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision  nine  of  section two hundred thirty-seven of this article,
 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
 to authorization set forth in section eleven hundred  eleven-a  of  this
 chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by
 sections  sixteen  of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two
 thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d of  this  chapter,  or
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter, or section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,  and  shall  not  be  deemed  to
 include  a  notice  of liability issued pursuant to section two thousand
 nine hundred eighty-five of the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not be deemed to include
 a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c
 of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability
 issued  pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, AND
 SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT  TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.

 S. 5223--B                         13
 
   §  4-b. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-a of chapters  145  and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article but
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization  set  forth  in  sections  eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and  twenty-two
 of  the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter, or section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or
 section  eleven  hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall not be
 deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section elev-
 en hundred eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a
 notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred  eighty-b
 of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability
 issued  pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND
 SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT  TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4-c. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-b of chapters  145  and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter  or  to  a  notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set
 forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a  notice
 of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev-
 en  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this chapter and shall not be deemed to
 include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of
 liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this
 chapter  and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued
 pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,  AND  SHALL
 NOT  BE  DEEMED  TO  INCLUDE  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4-d. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as separately amended by sections 4-c of chapters 145 and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
 forth  in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a notice
 of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev-
 en hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall  not  be  deemed  to
 include  a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice  of
 liability  issued  pursuant  to  section eleven hundred eighty-d of this
 chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED
 PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4-e. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as separately amended by sections 4-d of chapters 145 and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:

 S. 5223--B                         14
 
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter  or  to  a  notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set
 forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or to a  notice
 of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in section elev-
 en  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this chapter and shall not be deemed to
 include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven  hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER.
   § 4-f. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law,  as separately amended by sections 4-e of chapters 145 and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
 forth in section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter and shall
 not  be  deemed  to  include  a  notice  of liability issued pursuant to
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED
 TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  4-g. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as separately amended by sections 4-f of chapters  145  and
 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
 shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant  to
 authorization set forth in section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter  and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued
 pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,  AND  SHALL
 NOT  BE  DEEMED  TO  INCLUDE  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 4-h. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
 traffic  law, as added by chapter 180 of the laws of 1980, is amended to
 read as follows:
   f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
 subdivision  nine  of  section two hundred thirty-seven of this article,
 BUT SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT
 TO AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER.
   §  5. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 5 of chapters 145 and 148 of  the
 laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
 sixteen  of  chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand
 nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter,    or  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, for a violation of  subdivision  (d)  of
 section  eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such allegation,

 S. 5223--B                         15
 
 or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with  the  provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or a person
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined  in such section contests such allegation, or a
 person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  contests  such  allegation,  or  a  person  alleged to be liable in
 accordance with the provisions of section  eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section  eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation,
 OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER  CONTESTS  SUCH  ALLEGATION  the  bureau shall advise such
 person personally by such form of first class mail as the  director  may
 direct  of  the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge
 at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of  hearing  shall  be
 prescribed  by  the  director, and shall contain a warning to advise the
 person so pleading or contesting that failure  to  appear  on  the  date
 designated,  or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added  by  sections
 sixteen  of  chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand
 nine] or section eleven hundred eleven-d  of  this  chapter  or  section
 eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four-a  of  this  chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author-
 ities law or sections sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter
 seven  hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an
 allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of  this
 chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a person in a
 timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but  has
 not  yet  been  held,  the  bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or
 penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 5-a. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic law, as amended by section 5 of chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
 sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
 sixteen  of  chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand
 nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d  of  this  chapter,  or  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or section eleven hundred

 S. 5223--B                         16
 
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, for a violation of  subdivision  (d)  of
 section  eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such allegation,
 or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with  the  provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or a person
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined  in such section contests such allegation, or a
 person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  contests  such  allegation,  OR  A  PERSON  ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH  ALLEGATION,
 the  bureau  shall  advise  such person personally by such form of first
 class mail as the director may direct of the date on  which  he  or  she
 must  appear  to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of
 such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the  director,  and  shall
 contain  a  warning  to advise the person so pleading or contesting that
 failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned
 date, shall be deemed an admission of  liability,  and  that  a  default
 judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of  this  chapter  or
 sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
 sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of  two  thousand
 nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or section elev-
 en  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven hundred seventy-
 four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accordance  with
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of
 this chapter or an allegation of liability in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS  CHAPTER  is
 being  contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the
 merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held,  the  bureau  shall
 not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
 of the hearing.
   §  5-b. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-a of chapters 145  and  148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in  accordance  with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter
 or  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter or section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a  violation  of  subdivision
 (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this chapter, or a person
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane

 S. 5223--B                         17
 
 restriction  as  defined  in such section contests such allegation, or a
 person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for  violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  contests  such  allegation,  or  a  person  alleged to be liable in
 accordance with the provisions of section  eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section  eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation,
 OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER  CONTESTS  SUCH  ALLEGATION,  the bureau shall advise such
 person personally by such form of first class mail as the  director  may
 direct  of  the date on which he or she must appear to answer the charge
 at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of  hearing  shall  be
 prescribed  by  the  director, and shall contain a warning to advise the
 person so pleading or contesting that failure  to  appear  on  the  date
 designated,  or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter, as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine  or  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of
 this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  or  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d  of  this  chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a
 person in a timely fashion and  a  hearing  upon  the  merits  has  been
 demanded,  but  has  not  yet  been held, the bureau shall not issue any
 notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the  hear-
 ing.
   §  5-c. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-b of chapters 145  and  148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter or
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or  in  accordance
 with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter
 for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined  in  such  section,
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
 for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev-
 en hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation, or a  person
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred  eighty-d  of  this  chapter for a violation of subdivision (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH  THE  PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER

 S. 5223--B                         18
 
 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau
 shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail  as
 the  director  may  direct of the date on which he or she must appear to
 answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such  notice  of
 hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning
 to  advise  the  person  so  pleading that failure to appear on the date
 designated, or on any subsequent adjourned  date,  shall  be  deemed  an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or
 section  eleven  hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this
 chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter,  OR  AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, is
 being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon  the
 merits  has  been  demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall
 not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
 of the hearing.
   § 5-d. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic  law,  as separately amended by sections 5-c of chapters 145 and 148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or a
 person alleged to be liable in accordance with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or a person
 alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
 hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter
 for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty  of  this chapter contests such allegation, OR A
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the  date
 on  which  he  or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The
 form and content of such notice of hearing shall be  prescribed  by  the
 director,  and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading
 that failure to appear on the date  designated,  or  on  any  subsequent
 adjourned  date,  shall  be deemed an admission of liability, and that a
 default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
 the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or the bureau

 S. 5223--B                         19
 
 has  been  notified  that  an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or the bureau has
 been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, or an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,  OR
 AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is being contested, by a  person  in  a  timely
 fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet
 been  held,  the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to
 that person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 5-e. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic  law,  as separately amended by sections 5-d of chapters 145 and 148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such alle-
 gation,  or  a  person  alleged  to  be  liable  in  accordance with the
 provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter contests such  allegation,  OR  A  PERSON
 ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (D), (F) OR (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter contests such
 allegation,  the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form
 of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on  which  he
 or  she  must  appear  to  answer  the charge at a hearing. The form and
 content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by  the  director,
 and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that fail-
 ure to appear on the date designated, or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned
 date,  shall  be  deemed  an  admission of liability, and that a default
 judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, is
 being contested, or the bureau has been notified that an  allegation  of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter, or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter, is being contested, OR THE BUREAU  HAS
 BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IS BEING CONTESTED, or the
 bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a of this chapter, is being
 contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits
 has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue
 any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the  date  of  the
 hearing.
   §  5-f. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
 fic law, as separately amended by sections 5-e of chapters 145  and  148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be  liable
 in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter

 S. 5223--B                         20
 
 contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d of  this  chapter
 for  a  violation  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section
 eleven  hundred  eighty  of  this chapter contests such allegation, OR A
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER
 CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter contests such
 allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such  form
 of  first  class mail as the director may direct of the date on which he
 or she must appear to answer the charge  at  a  hearing.  The  form  and
 content  of  such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director,
 and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that  fail-
 ure  to  appear  on  the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned
 date, shall be deemed an admission of  liability,  and  that  a  default
 judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter,  or
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter, is being contested, OR  THE  BUREAU  HAS  BEEN
 NOTIFIED  THAT  AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS  CHAPTER  IS  BEING  CONTESTED,  or  the
 bureau  has  been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of  this  chapter,  is  being
 contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits
 has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue
 any  notice  of  fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the
 hearing.
   § 5-g. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
 fic  law,  as separately amended by sections 5-f of chapters 145 and 148
 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with the provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-d  of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section  eleven hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation,
 OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 contests such allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally
 by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the  date
 on  which  he  or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The
 form and content of such notice of hearing shall be  prescribed  by  the
 director,  and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading
 that failure to appear on the date  designated,  or  on  any  subsequent
 adjourned  date,  shall  be deemed an admission of liability, and that a
 default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chap-
 ter, is being contested, or the bureau has been notified that an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d  of

 S. 5223--B                         21
 
 this chapter is being contested, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-E  OF THIS CHAPTER IS BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion
 and  a  hearing  upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been
 held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty  to  that
 person prior to the date of the hearing.
   § 5-h. Subdivision 1 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE  LIABLE
 IN  ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),  (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION,
 the bureau shall advise such person personally by  such  form  of  first
 class  mail  as  the  director  may  direct of the date on which he must
 appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content  of  such
 notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain
 a warning to advise the person so pleading that failure to appear on the
 date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an
 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
 eon.
   §  5-i. Subdivision 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as added by chapter 365 of the laws of  1978,  is  amended  to  read  as
 follows:
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IS
 BEING  CONTESTED  by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the
 merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held,  the  bureau  shall
 not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date
 of the hearing.
   § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6 of chapters 145 and
 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega-
 tion  of  liability in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this  chapter,  or an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY
 IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER,
 shall be held before a hearing examiner in  accordance  with  rules  and
 regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred

 S. 5223--B                         22
 
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in  accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter is contested or in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter is
 contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of
 this chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability in  accord-
 ance  with  section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public
 authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of  chap-
 ter  seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty is
 contested or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with  section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or of a hearing at which liabil-
 ity  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
 or of a hearing at which liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-d  of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  is
 contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-a. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and traffic law, as amended by section 6 of chapter 145 of the laws
 of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
 ty,  and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section two thousand  nine  hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the
 laws  of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an  allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
 this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a hearing
 examiner in accordance with rules and  regulations  promulgated  by  the
 bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in  accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter is contested or in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  is
 contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of
 this  chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public
 authorities  law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chap-
 ter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty  is
 contested  or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or OF a hearing at which liabil-
 ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter
 OR  OF  A  HEARING  AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may  be
 used for the making of the record.

 S. 5223--B                         23

   § 6-b. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-a of chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty,  and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c  of
 this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter  OR  AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-E  OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a hearing examiner in accord-
 ance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance with  sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty,  and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or of a hear-
 ing at  which  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-c  of  this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or of a  hear-
 ing  at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT  WHICH  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER is contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-c. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-b  of  chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
 this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter  or  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d  of  this  chapter  OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held  before  a
 hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by
 the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter or of a hearing  at  which  liability  in
 accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or of a  hear-
 ing  at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter or of a hearing at  which  liability  in  accordance

 S. 5223--B                         24
 
 with  section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT
 WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making
 of the record.
   § 6-d. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-c of chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an  allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter or an allegation of liability in  accordance  with  section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHT-
 Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner  in  accord-
 ance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter or of a hearing  at  which  liability  in
 accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this chapter or of a hearing at which liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or of a  hear-
 ing  at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d of this chapter OR OF A HEARING AT  WHICH  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER is contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-e. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as separately amended by section  6-d  of  chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allegation of liability in  accord-
 ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
 this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be
 held before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and  regulations
 promulgated by the bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter is contested or of a hearing at which liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 or  a  hearing  at  which  liability  in  accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter or a  hearing  at  which  liability  in
 accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR OF A
 HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER is contested. Recording devices may be used for
 the making of the record.
   § 6-f. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic  law, as separately amended by section 6-e of chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:

 S. 5223--B                         25
 
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or an allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of
 this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing
 examiner in accordance with rules and  regulations  promulgated  by  the
 bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter or a hearing at which liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter  OR  A  HEARING  AT
 WHICH  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER is contested or a hearing at which liability in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter is contested.
 Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-g. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic law, as separately amended by sections 6-f of chapters
 145 and 148 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of this chapter or an allegation of liability in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR AN  ALLEGA-
 TION  OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance  with
 rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter  is  contested  or  a hearing at which
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of  this
 chapter  IS CONTESTED OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED.  Recording
 devices may be used for the making of the record.
   § 6-h. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
 cle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws  of  1972,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held  before  a  hearing  examiner  in
 accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR OF A
 HEARING  AT  WHICH  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED.   Recording devices may  be  used
 for the making of the record.
   §  7.  Subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 7 of chapters 145 and 148 of  the
 laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven

 S. 5223--B                         26
 
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty of the  person  charged,  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this
 chapter, or the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter, or in the record of
 liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-d
 of  this  chapter of the person charged, OR IN THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES
 INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER  OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering a final
 determination. Final determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing  charges
 shall  be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau
 together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this chapter [as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws  of  two
 thousand  nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter or in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of
 this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a
 of  this  chapter  or  fails  to  contest  an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section two thousand nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter  seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the  laws of nineteen hundred
 fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to  contest  an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b  of  this  chapter or fails to contest an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR FAILS
 TO CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or fails to appear on a designated
 hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after  a  hearing  to
 comply  with  the  determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
 this article or by rule or regulation of the  bureau,  such  failure  to
 plead or contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
 the  bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original   date
 prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and before a default judgment may be
 rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
 provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the  violation  charged,
 or  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter alleged or liability  in  accord-
 ance  with  section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public
 authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of  chap-

 S. 5223--B                         27
 
 ter  seven  hundred  seventy-four  of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty
 alleged or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-c
 of  this  chapter or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b  of  this  chapter  alleged,  or  liability  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged, OR LIABILITY IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED,
 (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  contesting
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
 ty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand  nine  or  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  or  in  accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or contesting
 an  allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand nine
 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the
 laws  of nineteen hundred fifty or contesting an allegation of liability
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of  this  chapter  or
 contesting  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allegation of  liabil-
 ity  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,
 OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an
 appearance within thirty days of  the  sending  of  such  notice.  Pleas
 entered  and  allegations  contested  within that period shall be in the
 manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or
 fee. Such notice of impending default judgment  shall  not  be  required
 prior  to  the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or
 owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case  shall
 a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending
 default  judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of
 the time prescribed for entering a plea  or  contesting  an  allegation.
 When  a  person  has  demanded  a  hearing,  no fine or penalty shall be
 imposed for any reason, prior to the holding  of  the  hearing.  If  the
 hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining
 them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those  upon
 which the person was originally charged.
   §  7-a. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7 of chapter 145 of the  laws  of  2019,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-a of this
 chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of  the  laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter  or  the  record  of  liabilities

 S. 5223--B                         28
 
 incurred  in  accordance  with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
 five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred  fifty  of  the  person  charged,  or  the record of liabilities
 incurred in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this
 chapter,  or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  OR  THE  RECORD  OF
 LIABILITIES  INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E
 OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to  rendering
 a  final  determination.  Final  determinations sustaining or dismissing
 charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the
 bureau together with records showing payment and  nonpayment  of  penal-
 ties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance
 with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this  chapter  [as  added  by
 sections  sixteen  of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two
 thousand nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
 this  chapter  or  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
 this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a
 of this chapter or fails  to  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  two  thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter seven hundred seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section  eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to contest an
 allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-b of this chapter, OR FAILS TO  CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY
 INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated hearing date  or  subsequent
 adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination
 of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regu-
 lation  of  the  bureau,  such failure to plead [or], contest, appear or
 comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability  and
 shall  be  grounds  for  rendering and entering a default judgment in an
 amount provided by the rules and regulations  of  the  bureau.  However,
 after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
 and  before  a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau
 shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such  operator
 or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
 (1)  of  the  violation charged, or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance  with  sections
 eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of
 chapters  twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine] or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter
 alleged  or  liability  in  accordance  with  section  two thousand nine
 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the
 laws  of  nineteen hundred fifty alleged or liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in  accord-
 ance  with  section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter alleged, OR
 LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)  of the impending default judgment, (3) that such

 S. 5223--B                         29
 
 judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the  city  in  which  the
 bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any
 other  place  provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state
 of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or
 contesting  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with  sections  eleven
 hundred  eleven-b of this chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chap-
 ters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of  two  thousand  nine]  or  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or
 contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section two
 thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or
 sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of nineteen  hundred  fifty  or  contesting  an
 allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, OR
 CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate, or making an appear-
 ance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and
 allegations  contested  within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
 prescribed  in  the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
 the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or  owners  who
 are  non-residents  of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
 judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of  impending  default
 judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time
 prescribed for entering a plea  or  contesting  an  allegation.  When  a
 person  has  demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for
 any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
 shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them,  he  or  she
 shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
 was originally charged.
   §  7-b. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 7-a of chapters 145  and  148  of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two
 of the laws of two thousand nine] or in accordance with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of  this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-e of this chapter or in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter of the person charged, or the
 record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-c of this chapter, or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in
 accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or the
 record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABIL-
 ITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER  OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable prior to rendering a
 final  determination.  Final  determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing
 charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the

 S. 5223--B                         30
 
 bureau  together  with  records showing payment and nonpayment of penal-
 ties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this chapter [as added by
 sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws  of  two
 thousand  nine] or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of
 this   chapter,   or   in   accordance   with   section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, or fails to  contest  an  allegation  of
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this
 chapter, or fails to contest an  allegation  of  liability  incurred  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, or
 fails to contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN
 ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated
 hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after  a  hearing  to
 comply  with  the  determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
 this article or by rule or regulation of the  bureau,  such  failure  to
 plead,  contest,  appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and  regulations  of
 the   bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original  date
 prescribed for entering a plea and before  a  default  judgment  may  be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class  mail  as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged,
 or liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
 chapter, [as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty,  and  twenty-
 two  of  the  laws  of  two thousand nine] or in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, or in accordance with section
 eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or liability  in  accord-
 ance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability
 in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter
 alleged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d
 of this chapter alleged, OR ALLEGED LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER, (2) of the impending default
 judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil  Court  of
 the  city  in  which  the bureau has been established, or other court of
 civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the  entry  of  civil
 judgments  within  the  state of New York, and (4) that a default may be
 avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of  liability  in
 accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred eleven-b of this chapter [as
 added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws
 of two thousand nine] or  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-d  of  this  chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contesting an allegation of liability
 in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or
 contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liabil-
 ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,
 OR  CONTESTING  AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, as appropriate,  or  making  an

 S. 5223--B                         31
 
 appearance  within  thirty  days  of  the  sending of such notice. Pleas
 entered and allegations contested within that period  shall  be  in  the
 manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or
 fee.  Such  notice  of  impending default judgment shall not be required
 prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the  case  of  operators  or
 owners  who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall
 a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending
 default judgment be sent, more than two years after  the  expiration  of
 the  time  prescribed  for  entering a plea or contesting an allegation.
 When a person has demanded a  hearing,  no  fine  or  penalty  shall  be
 imposed  for  any  reason,  prior  to the holding of the hearing. If the
 hearing examiner shall make a determination on the  charges,  sustaining
 them,  he or she shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon
 which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-c. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  separately  amended by sections 7-b of chapters 145 and 148 of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the
 person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with
 section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of  this  chapter  of  the  person
 charged,  or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the  person  charged,
 or  the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities  incurred
 in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or
 the record of liabilities incurred in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF
 LIABILITIES  INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E
 OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering
 a final determination. Final  determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing
 charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the
 bureau  together  with  records showing payment and nonpayment of penal-
 ties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,  or  contest
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or
 fails to contest an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or fails to contest an allega-
 tion of liability incurred in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter, or fails to contest an allegation of liability
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this
 chapter, OR FAILS TO CONTEST AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  INCURRED  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or
 fails to appear on a designated hearing  date  or  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  fails  after  a  hearing to comply with the determination of a
 hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation
 of the bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be  deemed,
 for  all  purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for
 rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided  by  the

 S. 5223--B                         32

 rules  and  regulations  of the bureau. However, after the expiration of
 the original date prescribed for entering a plea and  before  a  default
 judgment  may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the
 applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form
 of  first  class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation
 charged, or liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  seven-
 ty-four-a of this chapter, or liability in accordance with section elev-
 en  hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter, or liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or alleged liability in
 accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or
 alleged  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
 this chapter, or alleged liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-d  of  this  chapter,  OR  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS  CHAPTER  ALLEGED,  (2)  of  the
 impending  default  judgment,  (3) that such judgment will be entered in
 the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or
 other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place  provided  for  the
 entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGA-
 TION  OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days of  the  sending
 of  such  notice.  Pleas  entered  AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that
 period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and  not  subject
 to  additional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment
 shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry  thereof  in  the
 case  of  operators  or owners who are non-residents of the state of New
 York. In no  case  shall  a  default  judgment  be  rendered  or,  where
 required,  a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two
 years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR
 CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no  fine
 or  penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the
 hearing. If the hearing examiner  shall  make  a  determination  on  the
 charges,  sustaining  them, he or she shall impose no greater penalty or
 fine than those upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-d. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  separately  amended by sections 7-c of chapters 145 and 148 of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine  either
 the  prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of liabilities
 incurred in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this
 chapter  of the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of
 the person charged, or the record of liabilities incurred in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter of the person
 charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section

 S. 5223--B                         33
 
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this
 chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE
 PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination.
 Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall  be  entered
 on  a  final  determination  roll maintained by the bureau together with
 records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,  or  contest
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter  or  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or fails
 to  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  incurred  in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or fails to  contest  an
 allegation  of  liability  incurred  in  accordance  with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR FAILS TO CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION  OF
 LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS  CHAPTER  or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subse-
 quent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the  deter-
 mination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule
 or  regulation  of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST, appear or
 comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability  and
 shall  be  grounds  for  rendering and entering a default judgment in an
 amount provided by the rules and regulations  of  the  bureau.  However,
 after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
 and  before  a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau
 shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such  operator
 or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
 (1)  of  the  violation  charged or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chapter  or  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter or
 liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this
 chapter  alleged, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this  chapter  alleged,  OR  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the
 impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will  be  entered  in
 the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or
 other  court  of  civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the
 entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and  (4)  that  a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability  in  accordance  with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
 this chapter or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or contesting an allega-
 tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of
 this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an  appearance
 within  thirty  days  of  the  sending of such notice. Pleas entered AND
 ALLEGATIONS  CONTESTED  within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
 prescribed  in  the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
 Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to

 S. 5223--B                         34
 
 the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or  owners  who
 are  non-residents  of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
 judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of  impending  default
 judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time
 prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING  AN  ALLEGATION.    When  a
 person  has  demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for
 any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
 shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining them,  he  OR  SHE
 shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
 was originally charged.
   §  7-e. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as separately amended by sections 7-d of chapters 145  and  148  of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
 the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
 incurred  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of
 this chapter of the person charged or the record of liabilities incurred
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this  chapter  of
 the  person  charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of  this  chapter  of  the  person
 charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of this chapter of the person charged, OR THE
 RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, as applicable, prior  to
 rendering  a  final  determination.  Final  determinations sustaining or
 dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll  main-
 tained  by  the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpay-
 ment of penalties.
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,  or  contest
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter  or  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter or
 contest an allegation of liability incurred in accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-d  of  this  chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on a designated hearing date  or  subse-
 quent  adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the deter-
 mination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule
 or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST,  appear  or
 comply  shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and
 shall be grounds for rendering and entering a  default  judgment  in  an
 amount  provided  by  the  rules and regulations of the bureau. However,
 after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
 and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case  the  bureau
 shall  pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator
 or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
 (1) of the violation charged or liability  in  accordance  with  section
 eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or liability in accordance
 with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged or liabil-
 ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of  this  chapter
 alleged  or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d
 of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN

 S. 5223--B                         35
 
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2) of the impending default
 judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil  Court  of
 the  city  in  which  the bureau has been established, or other court of
 civil  jurisdiction  or  any other place provided for the entry of civil
 judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a  default  may  be
 avoided  by  entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or
 contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allegation of liabil-
 ity in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of  this  chapter
 or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN  ALLEGATION  OF
 LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty days  of  the  sending  of
 such  notice. Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period
 shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi-
 tional penalty or fee.  Such notice of impending default judgment  shall
 not  be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of
 operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New  York.  In
 no  case  shall  a  default  judgment  be rendered or, where required, a
 notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years  after
 the  expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING
 AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or  penalty
 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
 ing  them,  he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those
 upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-f. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  separately  amended by sections 7-e of chapters 145 and 148 of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the
 person charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance  with
 section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR THE RECORD OF LIABIL-
 ITIES  INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF
 THIS CHAPTER of the person charged, as applicable, prior to rendering  a
 final  determination or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance
 with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter of the person
 charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination.  Final
 determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing charges shall be entered on a
 final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with  records
 showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest
 an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of this chapter or contest an allegation of liability incurred
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of  this  chapter  OR
 CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails to appear on  a  desig-
 nated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing
 to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
 this  article  or  by  rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to

 S. 5223--B                         36
 
 plead, CONTEST, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all  purposes,  an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
 the   bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original  date
 prescribed for entering a plea and before  a  default  judgment  may  be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged or
 liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
 seventy-four-a  of  this chapter or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2)
 of the impending default  judgment,  (3)  that  such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  contesting
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of  liability  in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or
 contesting  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABIL-
 ITY  IN  ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER
 or making an appearance within  thirty  days  of  the  sending  of  such
 notice.    Pleas  entered  AND  ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period
 shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to addi-
 tional penalty or fee. Such notice of impending default  judgment  shall
 not  be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of
 operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of New  York.  In
 no  case  shall  a  default  judgment  be rendered or, where required, a
 notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years  after
 the  expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING
 AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or  penalty
 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
 ing  them,  he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those
 upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-g. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
 law,  as  separately  amended by sections 7-f of chapters 145 and 148 of
 the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
 prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter or
 the  record  of  liabilities  incurred in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter OR THE RECORD OF  LIABILITIES  INCURRED
 IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER of
 the person charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a  final  determi-
 nation.  Final  determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be
 entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau  together
 with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or contest

 S. 5223--B                         37
 
 an allegation of liability incurred in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty-d  of this chapter OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER  or  fails  to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent
 adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination
 of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regu-
 lation of the bureau, such failure to plead, CONTEST, appear  or  comply
 shall  be  deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall
 be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment  in  an  amount
 provided  by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the
 expiration of the original date  prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and
 before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall
 pursuant  to  the  applicable  provisions of law notify such operator or
 owner, by such form of first class mail as the  commission  may  direct;
 (1)  of  the  violation  charged or liability in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2)
 of the impending default  judgment,  (3)  that  such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  contesting
 an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter OR CONTESTING AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER or
 making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of  such  notice.
 Pleas  entered  AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED within that period shall be in
 the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penal-
 ty or fee. Such notice  of  impending  default  judgment  shall  not  be
 required  prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of opera-
 tors or owners who are non-residents of the state of  New  York.  In  no
 case  shall  a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice
 of impending default judgment be sent, more than  two  years  after  the
 expiration  of  the time prescribed for entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN
 ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hearing,  no  fine  or  penalty
 shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If
 the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain-
 ing  them,  he OR SHE shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those
 upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 7-h. Subdivision 1 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
   1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
 either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained he OR SHE may examine  EITHER
 the  prior  parking  violations  record  OR  THE  RECORD  OF LIABILITIES
 INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER of the person charged, AS APPLICABLE, prior to rendering a final
 determination.  Final  determinations  sustaining  or dismissing charges
 shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the  bureau
 together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   § 7-i. Subdivision 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended  by  chapter  365  of  the  laws  of 1978, is amended to read as
 follows:
   2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
 parking  violation  OR  CONTEST  AN  ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY INCURRED IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or fails

 S. 5223--B                         38
 
 to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned  date  or
 fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
 examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
 bureau,  such  failure  to  plead,  CONTEST,  appear  or comply shall be
 deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds
 for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount  provided  by
 the  rules  and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration
 of the original date prescribed for entering a  plea  OR  CONTESTING  AN
 ALLEGATION  and  before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case
 the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable  provisions  of  law  notify
 such  operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commis-
 sion may direct; (1) of the violation charged, OR LIABILITY  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER ALLEGED, (2)
 of the impending default  judgment,  (3)  that  such  judgment  will  be
 entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
 established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
 provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
 and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  OR  CONTESTING
 AN  ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER or making an appearance within thirty  days  of
 the  sending  of  such  notice.  Pleas entered AND ALLEGATIONS CONTESTED
 within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the  notice  and
 not  subject  to  additional  penalty  or  fee. Such notice of impending
 default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and  entry
 thereof  in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the
 state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be  rendered  or,
 where  required,  a  notice  of impending default judgment be sent, more
 than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for  entering
 a  plea  OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION. When a person has demanded a hear-
 ing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason,  prior  to  the
 holding  of  the  hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determi-
 nation on the charges, sustaining them, he OR SHE shall impose no great-
 er penalty or fine than those  upon  which  the  person  was  originally
 charged.
   §  8.  The  vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
 1180-e to read as follows:
   § 1180-E. OWNER LIABILITY FOR  FAILURE  OF  OPERATOR  TO  COMPLY  WITH
 CERTAIN  POSTED  MAXIMUM  SPEED LIMITS. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER
 PROVISION OF LAW, THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION IS  HEREBY  AUTHOR-
 IZED TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON
 THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH
 POSTED  MAXIMUM  SPEED  LIMITS  IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE
 WORK AREA WHEN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK IS OCCURRING AND
 LOCATED ON AN INTERSTATE  OR  AUXILIARY  INTERSTATE  HIGHWAY  UNDER  THE
 COMMISSIONER'S  JURISDICTION  (I)  WHEN  A  WORK  AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN
 EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVISION  (D)  OR  SUBDIVISION
 (F)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN OTHER
 SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN  SUBDIVISION  (B)  OR  (G)  OR
 PARAGRAPH  ONE  OF  SUBDIVISION  (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS ARTICLE. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER THE  COMMISSIONER
 TO  INSTALL PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WITHIN NO MORE THAN
 FIFTEEN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS LOCATED ON INTER-
 STATE OR AUXILIARY INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS UNDER THE  COMMISSIONER'S  JURIS-
 DICTION AND TO OPERATE SUCH SYSTEMS WHEN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTE-
 NANCE  WORK  IS  OCCURRING  AND WITHIN SUCH WORK AREAS (III) WHEN A WORK
 AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH TWO  OF  SUBDIVI-

 S. 5223--B                         39
 
 SION  (D)  OR  SUBDIVISION  (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS
 ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN  EFFECT  AS  PROVIDED  IN
 SUBDIVISION  (B)  OR  (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.  THE COMMISSIONER, IN CONSULTA-
 TION WITH THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE  DIVISION  OF  STATE  POLICE,  SHALL
 DETERMINE  THE  LOCATION OF THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK
 AREAS LOCATED ON AN INTERSTATE OR AUXILIARY INTERSTATE HIGHWAY UNDER THE
 JURISDICTION OF THE COMMISSIONER IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND  OPERATE  PHOTO
 SPEED  VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS. IN SELECTING A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
 OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A  PHOTO  SPEED
 VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM,  THE COMMISSIONER SHALL CONSIDER CRITERIA
 INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND  ROAD-
 WAY GEOMETRY APPLICABLE TO SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK
 AREA.  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE INSTALLED
 OR OPERATED ON AN INTERSTATE OR AUXILIARY INTERSTATE HIGHWAY EXIT RAMP.
   2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, AFTER HOLDING A  PUBLIC
 HEARING  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  PUBLIC  OFFICERS  LAW AND SUBSEQUENT
 APPROVAL BY A MAJORITY OF THE MEMBERS OF THE ENTIRE BOARD THE  CHAIR  OF
 THE  THRUWAY AUTHORITY IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED TO ESTABLISH A DEMONSTRATION
 PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR  FAIL-
 URE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS IN
 A   HIGHWAY   CONSTRUCTION   OR   MAINTENANCE  WORK  AREA  WHEN  HIGHWAY
 CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK IS OCCURRING AND LOCATED ON THE THRUWAY
 (I) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED  IN  PARAGRAPH
 TWO  OF  SUBDIVISION  (D)  OR  SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT  AS
 PROVIDED  IN  SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF  THIS  ARTICLE.  SUCH  DEMONSTRATION
 PROGRAM  SHALL  EMPOWER THE CHAIR TO INSTALL PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONI-
 TORING SYSTEMS WITHIN NO MORE THAN FIVE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR  MAINTE-
 NANCE WORK AREAS LOCATED ON THE THRUWAY AND TO OPERATE SUCH SYSTEMS WHEN
 HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION  OR  MAINTENANCE WORK IS OCCURRING AND WITHIN SUCH
 WORK AREAS (III) WHEN A WORK AREA SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT  AS  PROVIDED
 IN PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVISION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN
 EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF  SUBDI-
 VISION  (D) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. THE CHAIR,
 IN CONSULTATION WITH THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE DIVISION OF STATE POLICE,
 SHALL DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF THE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR  MAINTENANCE
 WORK  AREAS LOCATED ON THE THRUWAY IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE PHOTO
 SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS. IN SELECTING A HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION
 OR  MAINTENANCE  WORK AREA IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, THE CHAIR SHALL CONSIDER  CRITERIA  INCLUD-
 ING,  BUT  NOT  LIMITED  TO,  THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND ROADWAY
 GEOMETRY APPLICABLE TO SUCH HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION  OR  MAINTENANCE  WORK
 AREA.  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE INSTALLED
 OR OPERATED ON A THRUWAY EXIT RAMP.
   3. NO PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE USED IN A HIGH-
 WAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA UNLESS (I) ON THE DAY IT IS TO
 BE USED IT HAS SUCCESSFULLY PASSED A SELF-TEST  OF  ITS  FUNCTIONS;  AND
 (II)  IT HAS UNDERGONE AN ANNUAL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED PURSUANT TO
 PARAGRAPH FIVE OF THIS SUBDIVISION. THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR, AS APPLI-
 CABLE, SHALL INSTALL SIGNS GIVING NOTICE THAT A  PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION
 MONITORING  SYSTEM  IS IN USE, IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTABLISHED
 IN THE MUTCD.

 S. 5223--B                         40
 
   4. OPERATORS OF PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING  SYSTEMS  SHALL  HAVE
 COMPLETED  TRAINING IN THE PROCEDURES FOR SETTING UP, TESTING, AND OPER-
 ATING SUCH SYSTEMS. EACH SUCH OPERATOR SHALL COMPLETE AND SIGN  A  DAILY
 SET-UP  LOG FOR EACH SUCH SYSTEM THAT HE OR SHE OPERATES THAT (I) STATES
 THE  DATE  AND  TIME WHEN, AND THE LOCATION WHERE, THE SYSTEM WAS SET UP
 THAT DAY, AND (II) STATES THAT SUCH OPERATOR SUCCESSFULLY PERFORMED, AND
 THE SYSTEM PASSED, THE SELF-TESTS OF  SUCH  SYSTEM  BEFORE  PRODUCING  A
 RECORDED  IMAGE  THAT DAY. THE COMMISSIONER OR THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE,
 SHALL RETAIN EACH SUCH DAILY LOG UNTIL THE LATER OF THE  DATE  ON  WHICH
 THE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM TO WHICH IT APPLIES HAS BEEN
 PERMANENTLY  REMOVED  FROM  USE  OR  THE  FINAL  RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES
 INVOLVING NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEO OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEM.
   5. EACH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL UNDERGO AN ANNU-
 AL  CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED BY AN INDEPENDENT CALIBRATION LABORATORY
 WHICH SHALL ISSUE A SIGNED CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION. THE  COMMISSIONER
 OR  THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE, SHALL KEEP EACH SUCH ANNUAL CERTIFICATE OF
 CALIBRATION ON FILE UNTIL THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF ALL CASES INVOLVING  A
 NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY ISSUED DURING SUCH YEAR WHICH WERE BASED ON PHOTO-
 GRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY
 SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM.
   6. (I) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES
 TO ENSURE, TO THE  EXTENT  PRACTICABLE,  THAT  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY  THE
 DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED, HOWEV-
 ER, THAT NO NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 DISMISSED  SOLELY  BECAUSE SUCH A PHOTOGRAPH, MICROPHOTOGRAPH, VIDEOTAPE
 OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE DRIVER, THE
 PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF VEHICLES WHERE THE  COMMISSIONER  OR  THE
 CHAIR,  AS APPLICABLE, SHOWS THAT THEY MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO COMPLY
 WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN SUCH CASE.
   (II) PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER  RECORDED
 IMAGE  FROM  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE FOR THE
 EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE COMMISSIONER OR THE CHAIR, AS APPLICABLE,  FOR  THE
 PURPOSE  OF  THE  ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY  IMPOSED  PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION AND OF THE OWNER RECEIVING A NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  PURSUANT  TO
 THIS  SECTION,  AND  SHALL BE DESTROYED BY THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR, AS
 APPLICABLE, UPON THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF  THE  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  TO
 WHICH  SUCH  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGES RELATE, OR ONE YEAR FOLLOWING THE DATE OF ISSUANCE OF SUCH NOTICE
 OF LIABILITY, WHICHEVER IS LATER. NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF  ANY
 OTHER  LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGE  FROM  A  PHOTO  SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, NOR SUBJECT
 TO  CIVIL  OR  CRIMINAL  PROCESS  OR DISCOVERY, NOR USED BY ANY COURT OR
 ADMINISTRATIVE OR ADJUDICATORY BODY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING  THEREIN
 EXCEPT  THAT  WHICH  IS  NECESSARY  FOR  THE ADJUDICATION OF A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS  SECTION,  AND  NO  PUBLIC  ENTITY  OR
 EMPLOYEE,  OFFICER  OR  AGENT  THEREOF  SHALL DISCLOSE SUCH INFORMATION,
 EXCEPT THAT SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER
 RECORDED IMAGES FROM SUCH SYSTEMS:
   (A) SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION AND COPYING AND USE BY THE MOTOR
 VEHICLE  OWNER AND OPERATOR FOR SO LONG AS SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES ARE REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINED
 OR ARE MAINTAINED BY SUCH PUBLIC ENTITY, EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT; AND

 S. 5223--B                         41
 
   (B) (1) SHALL BE FURNISHED WHEN DESCRIBED IN A SEARCH  WARRANT  ISSUED
 BY A COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE
 SIX  HUNDRED  NINETY  OF  THE  CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A FEDERAL COURT
 AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE  SUCH
 SEARCH  WARRANT  STATES  THAT  THERE IS REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH
 INFORMATION CONSTITUTES EVIDENCE OF, OR TENDS  TO  DEMONSTRATE  THAT,  A
 MISDEMEANOR  OR  FELONY  OFFENSE  WAS COMMITTED IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER
 STATE, OR THAT A PARTICULAR PERSON PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMISSION  OF  A
 MISDEMEANOR  OR FELONY OFFENSE IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED,
 HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, THE
 COURT SHALL ONLY ISSUE A WARRANT IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH  OFFENSE
 WOULD,  IF  OCCURRING  IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY
 AGAINST THE LAWS OF THIS STATE; AND
   (2) SHALL BE FURNISHED IN RESPONSE TO A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM SIGNED BY
 A JUDGE OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION AND ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  ARTICLE  SIX
 HUNDRED  TEN OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE OF A
 FEDERAL COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH  A  SUBPOENA  DUCES  TECUM  UNDER
 FEDERAL LAW, WHERE THE JUDGE FINDS AND THE SUBPOENA STATES THAT THERE IS
 REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION IS RELEVANT AND MATERIAL TO
 THE  PROSECUTION,  OR THE DEFENSE, OR THE INVESTIGATION BY AN AUTHORIZED
 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL, OF THE ALLEGED COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR  OR
 FELONY  IN  THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH
 OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, SUCH JUDGE OR  MAGISTRATE
 SHALL  ONLY  ISSUE  SUCH SUBPOENA IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE
 WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN
 THIS STATE; AND
   (3) MAY, IF LAWFULLY OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THIS CLAUSE AND  CLAUSE  (A)
 OF  THIS SUBPARAGRAPH AND OTHERWISE ADMISSIBLE, BE USED IN SUCH CRIMINAL
 ACTION OR PROCEEDING.
   (B) IF THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR ESTABLISHES A  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM
 PURSUANT  TO  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF  THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE
 SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION  IF  SUCH
 VEHICLE  WAS  USED OR OPERATED WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE OWNER, EXPRESS
 OR IMPLIED, WITHIN A  HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION  OR  MAINTENANCE  WORK  AREA
 LOCATED  ON  A  CONTROLLED-ACCESS  HIGHWAY UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE
 COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY IN VIOLATION OF PARAGRAPH TWO OF SUBDIVI-
 SION (D) OR SUBDIVISION (F), OR WHEN OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT IN
 VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B) OR (G) OR PARAGRAPH ONE OF SUBDIVISION (D),
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, SUCH VEHICLE WAS TRAV-
 ELING AT A SPEED OF MORE THAN TEN MILES PER HOUR ABOVE THE POSTED  SPEED
 LIMIT  IN  EFFECT  WITHIN  SUCH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK
 AREA, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY  INFORMATION  OBTAINED  FROM  A
 PHOTO  SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER
 OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A  PENALTY  IMPOSED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION  WHERE  THE  OPERATOR  OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE
 UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (C)  FOR  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE
 FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1. "CHAIR" SHALL MEAN THE CHAIR OF THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORI-
 TY;
   2. "COMMISSIONER" SHALL MEAN THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION;
   3. "MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD"  SHALL  MEAN
 THE  MANUAL  AND  SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF TRAFFIC CONTROL
 DEVICES MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER  OF  TRANSPORTATION  PURSUANT  TO
 SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER;

 S. 5223--B                         42
 
   4.  "OWNER"  SHALL  HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS
 CHAPTER;
   5.  "PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A VEHICLE
 SENSOR INSTALLED TO WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A  SPEED  MEASURING  DEVICE
 WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICRO-
 PHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE
 TIME  IT  IS  USED  OR OPERATED IN A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE
 WORK AREA LOCATED ON A CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAY UNDER THE  JURISDICTION
 OF  THE  COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B),
 (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE  IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION;
   6.  "THRUWAY AUTHORITY" SHALL MEAN THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY AUTHORI-
 TY, A BODY CORPORATE  AND  POLITIC  CONSTITUTING  A  PUBLIC  CORPORATION
 CREATED  AND  CONSTITUTED  PURSUANT  TO TITLE NINE OF ARTICLE TWO OF THE
 PUBLIC AUTHORITIES LAW; AND
   7. "THRUWAY" SHALL MEAN GENERALLY A DIVIDED HIGHWAY UNDER  THE  JURIS-
 DICTION  OF  THE THRUWAY AUTHORITY FOR MIXED TRAFFIC WITH ACCESS LIMITED
 AS THE AUTHORITY MAY DETERMINE AND GENERALLY WITH GRADE  SEPARATIONS  AT
 INTERSECTIONS.
   (D)  A  CERTIFICATE,  SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A TECHNICIAN EMPLOYED BY
 THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR AS APPLICABLE, OR A FACSIMILE  THEREOF,  BASED
 UPON  INSPECTION  OF  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER
 RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM,
 SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTO-
 GRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES EVIDENCING
 SUCH A VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES
 OF THE REAR OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT
 NEAR THE MOTOR VEHICLE AND SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION  REASONABLY
 IN ADVANCE OF AND AT ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY FOR SUCH
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (E)  AN  OWNER  LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR
 (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  A
 DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  ESTABLISHED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES NOT TO EXCEED FIFTY DOLLARS  FOR  A  FIRST
 VIOLATION,  SEVENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR A SECOND VIOLATION COMMITTED WITHIN
 A PERIOD OF EIGHTEEN MONTHS, AND ONE HUNDRED  DOLLARS  FOR  A  THIRD  OR
 SUBSEQUENT  VIOLATION  COMMITTED  WITHIN EIGHTEEN MONTHS OF THE PREVIOUS
 VIOLATIONS; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT IN  EXCESS
 OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION MAY BE IMPOSED FOR THE FAILURE
 TO RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
   (F)  AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTAB-
 LISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION  AS  AN
 OPERATOR  AND  SHALL  NOT  BE  MADE  PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE
 PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR  SHALL  IT  BE  USED  FOR
 INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
   (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
 PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, WITHIN FOURTEEN BUSINESS DAYS IF SUCH OWNER IS
 A  RESIDENT  OF  THIS  STATE AND WITHIN FORTY-FIVE BUSINESS DAYS IF SUCH
 OWNER IS A NON-RESIDENT. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE  OWNER  SHALL  NOT  BE
 REQUIRED.  A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDI-
 NARY COURSE OF BUSINESS SHALL BE  PRIMA  FACIE  EVIDENCE  OF  THE  FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN.
   2.  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION

 S. 5223--B                         43
 
 (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE
 PURSUANT TO  THIS  SECTION,  THE  REGISTRATION  NUMBER  OF  THE  VEHICLE
 INVOLVED  IN  SUCH  VIOLATION,  THE  LOCATION  WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK
 PLACE, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF
 THE  CAMERA  WHICH  RECORDED  THE  VIOLATION  OR  OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR
 NUMBER, AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF  THE  REAR  OF  THE
 MOTOR  VEHICLE  THAT  INCLUDE  THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT NEAR THE MOTOR
 VEHICLE, AND THE CERTIFICATE CHARGING THE LIABILITY.
   3. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY  SHALL  CONTAIN  INFORMATION  ADVISING  THE
 PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST
 THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO
 CONTAIN A PROMINENT WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO
 CONTEST  IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF
 LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE COMMIS-
 SIONER OR CHAIR AS APPLICABLE, OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY  THE
 COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
   (H)  ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS SECTION
 SHALL BE BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO  SECTION
 THREE  HUNDRED  SEVENTY OF THE GENERAL MUNICIPAL LAW WHERE THE VIOLATION
 OCCURRED OR, IF THERE BE NONE, BY THE  COURT  HAVING  JURISDICTION  OVER
 TRAFFIC  INFRACTIONS WHERE THE VIOLATION OCCURRED, EXCEPT THAT IF A CITY
 HAS  ESTABLISHED  AN  ADMINISTRATIVE  TRIBUNAL  TO  HEAR  AND  DETERMINE
 COMPLAINTS  OF  TRAFFIC  INFRACTIONS  CONSTITUTING  PARKING, STANDING OR
 STOPPING VIOLATIONS SUCH CITY MAY, BY LOCAL LAW, AUTHORIZE SUCH  ADJUDI-
 CATION BY SUCH TRIBUNAL.
   (I)  IF  AN  OWNER  RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE
 OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS  REPORTED  TO  THE  POLICE  DEPARTMENT  AS
 HAVING  BEEN  STOLEN,  IT  SHALL  BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF
 LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT  THE
 VEHICLE  OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE HAD BEEN REPORTED
 TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD
 NOT BEEN RECOVERED BY SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES OF ASSERTING  THE  DEFENSE
 PROVIDED  BY  THIS  SUBDIVISION, IT SHALL BE SUFFICIENT THAT A CERTIFIED
 COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE  STOLEN  VEHICLE  OR  NUMBER  PLATE  OR
 PLATES  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  BE  SENT  BY  FIRST CLASS MAIL TO THE TRAFFIC
 VIOLATIONS BUREAU,  COURT  HAVING  JURISDICTION  OR  PARKING  VIOLATIONS
 BUREAU.
   (J)  1. WHERE THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS PURSU-
 ANT TO THIS SECTION IS BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR A COURT  HAVING
 JURISDICTION, AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY  WAS  ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR  (G)  OF
 SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION,
 PROVIDED THAT HE OR SHE SENDS TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR  COURT
 HAVING  JURISDICTION  A COPY OF THE RENTAL, LEASE OR OTHER SUCH CONTRACT
 DOCUMENT COVERING SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF THE  VIOLATION,  WITH  THE
 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE CLEARLY LEGIBLE, WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS
 AFTER  RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OR COURT OF THE DATE AND TIME OF
 SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER  INFORMATION  CONTAINED  IN  THE
 ORIGINAL  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY. FAILURE TO SEND SUCH INFORMATION WITHIN
 SUCH THIRTY-SEVEN DAY TIME PERIOD SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR  THE
 PENALTY  PRESCRIBED BY THIS SECTION.  WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE
 PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH, THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE  OF

 S. 5223--B                         44
 
 SUCH  VIOLATION  SHALL  BE  DEEMED  TO  BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR
 PURPOSES OF  THIS  SECTION,  SHALL  BE  SUBJECT  TO  LIABILITY  FOR  THE
 VIOLATION  OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT A
 NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION.
   2. (I) IN A CITY WHICH, BY LOCAL LAW, HAS AUTHORIZED THE  ADJUDICATION
 OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS SECTION BY A PARKING VIOLATIONS
 BUREAU,  AN  OWNER  WHO  IS  A  LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS  SECTION  SHALL
 NOT  BE  LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, PROVIDED THAT:
   (A) PRIOR TO THE VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH  THE  BUREAU  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF SECTION TWO HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF
 THIS CHAPTER; AND
   (B) WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OF
 THE DATE AND TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH  THE  OTHER  INFORMATION
 CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS TO THE
 BUREAU THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHICLE IDENTI-
 FIED  IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER
 WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL, LEASE OR
 OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY  REQUIRED  BY  THE  BUREAU
 PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS THAT MAY BE PROMULGATED FOR SUCH PURPOSE.
   (II)  FAILURE  TO  COMPLY  WITH CLAUSE (B) OF SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS
 PARAGRAPH SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE  PENALTY  PRESCRIBED  IN
 THIS SECTION.
   (III) WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH,
 THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED
 TO  BE  THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE
 SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION  AND
 SHALL  BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS
 SECTION.
   (K) 1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),
 (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO
 THIS SECTION WAS NOT THE OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE
 VIOLATION,  THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST
 THE OPERATOR.
   2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF  A
 VEHICLE  SHALL  BE  SUBJECT  TO A MONETARY FINE IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
 OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME  SUCH  OPERATOR  OPERATED  SUCH
 VEHICLE  IN  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.  FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION
 THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPER-
 ATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERA-
 TOR OPERATED SUCH VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D),  (F)  OR
 (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (L)  NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY
 OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (M) IF THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSU-
 ANT  TO  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF THIS SECTION THE COMMISSIONER OR CHAIR, AS
 APPLICABLE, SHALL CONDUCT A STUDY AND SUBMIT A REPORT ON THE RESULTS  OF
 THE USE OF PHOTO DEVICES TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE
 SENATE  AND  THE  SPEAKER  OF  THE ASSEMBLY ON OR BEFORE JUNE FIRST, TWO
 THOUSAND TWENTY-ONE AND ON THE SAME DATE  IN  EACH  SUCCEEDING  YEAR  IN
 WHICH THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IS OPERABLE. SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE:

 S. 5223--B                         45
 
   1. THE LOCATIONS WHERE AND DATES WHEN PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING
 SYSTEMS WERE USED;
   2.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER,  TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES,
 INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR
 MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE JURISDIC-
 TION OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY, TO THE EXTENT  THE  INFORMA-
 TION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR
 VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   3.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER,  TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES,
 INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED  WITHIN  HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION  OR
 MAINTENANCE  WORK  AREAS  WHERE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS
 WERE USED, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED  BY  THE  COMMIS-
 SIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   4.  THE  NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
 OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREAS ON CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAYS UNDER THE JURIS-
 DICTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY, IN  THE  AGGREGATE  ON  A
 DAILY,  WEEKLY  AND MONTHLY BASIS TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAIN-
 TAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF
 THIS STATE;
   5. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION
 OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM
 IS USED, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   6.  TO  THE  EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER,
 CHAIR OR THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE, THE  NUMBER  OF
 VIOLATIONS  RECORDED WITHIN ALL HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE WORK
 AREAS ON  CONTROLLED-ACCESS  HIGHWAYS  UNDER  THE  JURISDICTION  OF  THE
 COMMISSIONER OR ON THE THRUWAY THAT WERE:
   (I)  MORE  THAN  TEN  BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   7. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH HIGHWAY  CONSTRUCTION
 OR MAINTENANCE WORK AREA WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM
 IS USED THAT WERE:
   (I)  MORE  THAN  TEN  BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   8. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF NOTICES  OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  FOR  VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   9.  THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE FIRST
 NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH  SYSTEMS,  TO
 THE  EXTENT  THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR
 THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   10. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND THE RESULTS OF SUCH ADJU-
 DICATIONS INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS  OF  DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR  VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY
 THE  COMMISSIONER,  CHAIR  OR  THE  DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS
 STATE;

 S. 5223--B                         46
 
   11. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE  REALIZED  BY  THE  STATE  OR  THRUWAY
 AUTHORITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM;
   12.  THE  EXPENSES  INCURRED  BY THE STATE OR THE THRUWAY AUTHORITY IN
 CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM; AND
   13. THE QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS  RESULTS,  TO  THE
 EXTENT  THE  INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER, CHAIR OR THE
 DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE.
   (N) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
 VISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS
 ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO THIS SECTION THAT SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONI-
 TORING SYSTEM WAS MALFUNCTIONING AT THE TIME OF THE ALLEGED VIOLATION.
   § 9. The opening paragraph and  paragraph  (c)  of  subdivision  1  of
 section  1809  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by
 section 10 of chapter 145 and section 9 of chapter 148 of  the  laws  of
 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   Whenever  proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this
 state result in a conviction for an offense  under  this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule
 or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter,  other  than  a  traffic
 infraction  involving  standing,  stopping,  or parking or violations by
 pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of  this  chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation  of
 a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined in such section, or other than an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)
 of section eleven hundred eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adju-
 dication of liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, or
 other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
 subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, or other than an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,
 OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR  A  VIOLATION
 OF  SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  there  shall  be  levied  a  crime victim assistance fee and a
 mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence required  or  permitted
 by law, in accordance with the following schedule:
   (c)  Whenever  proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for  an  offense  under  this  chapter
 other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this
 chapter,  or  a  traffic  infraction under this chapter, or a local law,
 ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to  this  chapter,  other
 than  a  traffic  infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or

 S. 5223--B                         47
 
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-a  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter, or other than an infraction pursuant
 to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil-
 ity of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations  pursuant
 to  section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than
 an adjudication in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of
 this  chapter  for  a  violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in
 such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of  section  eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b  of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-e of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY  OF
 AN  OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime victim
 assistance fee in the amount of five dollars and a mandatory  surcharge,
 in  addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount
 of fifty-five dollars.
   § 9-a. The opening paragraph and paragraph (c)  of  subdivision  1  of
 section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10 of
 chapter 145 of the laws of 2019, are amended to read as follows:
   Whenever  proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this
 state result in a conviction for an offense  under  this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule
 or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter,  other  than  a  traffic
 infraction  involving  standing,  stopping,  or parking or violations by
 pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
 eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-b  of  this  chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation  of
 a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined in such section, or other than an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)
 of section eleven hundred eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adju-

 S. 5223--B                         48
 
 dication of liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (b),
 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, OR
 OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of section eleven hundred  seventy-four  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,
 there shall be levied a crime victim  assistance  fee  and  a  mandatory
 surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in
 accordance with the following schedule:
   (c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a  court  of
 this  state  result  in  a  conviction for an offense under this chapter
 other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this
 chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter,  or  a  local  law,
 ordinance,  rule  or  regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other
 than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping,  or  parking  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-a of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  infraction  pursuant
 to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil-
 ity  of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant
 to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than
 an  adjudication  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of
 this chapter for a violation of a bus lane  restriction  as  defined  in
 such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
 a  violation  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
 an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven-e  of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF
 AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four-a of this chapter, there shall be levied a crime victim  assist-
 ance  fee  in  the  amount of five dollars and a mandatory surcharge, in
 addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount  of
 fifty-five dollars.

 S. 5223--B                         49
 
   §  9-b.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by section 10-a of chapter 145 and section 9-a  of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule
 or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter,  other  than  a  traffic
 infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equip-
 ment  or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adju-
 dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
 than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdi-
 vision  (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
 or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation
 of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
 y-d  of  this  chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN
 OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
 liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven  hundred  seven-
 ty-four of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four-a  of this chapter, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge,
 in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the  amount
 of twenty-five dollars.
   §  9-c.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by section 10-b of chapter 145 and section 9-b  of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
 than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdi-
 vision  (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,
 OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR  A  VIOLATION
 OF  SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF

 S. 5223--B                         50
 
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of section eleven hundred  seventy-four  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,
 there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence
 required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 9-d. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  separately amended by section 10-c of chapter 145 and section 9-c of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),
 (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than
 an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter,
 or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, OR
 OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of section eleven hundred  seventy-four  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter,
 there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence
 required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   § 9-e. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  separately amended by section 10-d of chapter 145 and section 9-d of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
 this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
 traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
 involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
 violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
 of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),
 (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  in  accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN
 AN  ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or
 other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
 subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in

 S. 5223--B                         51
 
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be
 levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any  sentence  required  or
 permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  9-f.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by section 10-f of chapter 145 and section 9-f  of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),  (c),  (d),
 (f)  or  (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
 ance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN
 AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, or
 other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
 subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in
 accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be
 levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any  sentence  required  or
 permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  9-g.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by section 10-g of chapter 145 and section 9-g  of
 chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance  with
 section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJU-
 DICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (D),  (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  or
 other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a of this chapter, there shall be
 levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any  sentence  required  or
 permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  9-h.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as separately amended by chapter 16 of the laws of 1983 and  chapter  62
 of the laws of 1989, is amended to read as follows:
   1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
 this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
 traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
 violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION
 OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR

 S. 5223--B                         52
 
 (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a
 mandatory  surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted
 by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
   §  10.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11 of chapter 145  and
 section  10  of  chapter  148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as
 follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chap-
 ter,  and  except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with section eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined in such section, and [expect] EXCEPT an adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, and
 except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  toll
 collection  regulations  pursuant  to  section two thousand nine hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
 laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or other than an adjudication of liabil-
 ity of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g)
 of section eleven hundred eighty of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with
 section  eleven  hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDI-
 CATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D),
 (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall
 be levied in addition  to  any  sentence,  penalty  or  other  surcharge
 required  or  permitted  by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight
 dollars.
   § 10-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic law, as amended by section 11 of chapter 145 of the laws of
 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this

 S. 5223--B                         53
 
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chap-
 ter,  and  except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with section eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction  as  defined in such section, and [expect] EXCEPT an adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, AND
 EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF  AN  OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section  two  thou-
 sand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
 to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required  or  permitted  by
 law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-a  of  chapter  145
 and  section 10-a of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read
 as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter, and except an adjudication in accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
 restriction as defined in such section, and except  an  adjudication  of
 liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)
 or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this  chapter  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter, and except an
 adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter,
 AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section  two  thou-
 sand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four

 S. 5223--B                         54
 
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
 to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required  or  permitted  by
 law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-b  of  chapter  145
 and  section 10-b of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read
 as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter, and except an adjudication of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-b of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of  an
 owner  for  a  violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN  ADJUDICATION  OF
 LIABILITY  OF  AN  OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR
 (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regu-
 lations pursuant to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
 public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
 chapter seven hundred seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred
 fifty,  there  shall  be  levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or
 other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of
 twenty-eight dollars.
   § 10-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law,  as separately amended by section 11-c of chapter 145
 and section 10-c of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to  read
 as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
 ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
 ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this
 chapter,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven

 S. 5223--B                         55
 
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d  of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN
 OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F)  OR  (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of  liabil-
 ity  of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant
 to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
 ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall
 be levied in addition  to  any  sentence,  penalty  or  other  surcharge
 required  or  permitted  by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight
 dollars.
   § 10-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law,  as separately amended by section 11-e of chapter 145
 and section 10-e of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to  read
 as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
 ter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
 y-d of this chapter, AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER
 FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS CHAPTER, or in accordance with section eleven hundred
 seventy-four-a of this chapter, and except an adjudication of  liability
 of  an  owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there  shall
 be  levied  in  addition  to  any  sentence,  penalty or other surcharge
 required or permitted by law, an additional  surcharge  of  twenty-eight
 dollars.
   §  10-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 11-f  of  chapter  145
 and  section 10-f of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read
 as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-

 S. 5223--B                         56
 
 ter AND EXCEPT AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION
 OF  SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS
 CHAPTER,  or in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of
 this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eighty-d of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of  an
 owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section
 two  thousand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty, there shall be
 levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   §  10-g. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law,  as amended by section 5 of part C of chapter 55 of the
 laws of 2013, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
 involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
 bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
 ter, AND EXCEPT AS AN ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY  OF  AN  OWNER  FOR  A
 VIOLATION  OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHT-
 Y-E OF THIS CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for  a  violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section two
 thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  or
 sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen  hundred  fifty,  there  shall  be
 levied  in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required
 or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
   § 11. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision  5-a  of  section
 401  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8
 of chapter 145 and section 11 of chapter 148 of the  laws  of  2019,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
 of  there  is  a  certification from a court, parking violations bureau,
 traffic and parking violations  agency  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  or  administrative  tribunal  of  appropriate
 jurisdiction that the registrant or his or her representative failed  to
 appear  on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to
 comply with the rules and  regulations  of  an  administrative  tribunal
 following  entry  of a final decision in response to a total of three or
 more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within an eigh-
 teen month period, charging either that:  (i)  such  motor  vehicle  was
 parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for
 hire  by  the registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a
 motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in  violation
 of  any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule
 or regulation made by a local authority;  or  (ii)  the  registrant  was

 S. 5223--B                         57
 
 liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a, section elev-
 en  hundred  eleven-b or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter
 for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of
 this  chapter;  or  (iii)  the  registrant was liable in accordance with
 section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of a bus
 lane restriction as defined in such section, or (iv) the registrant  was
 liable  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap-
 ter for a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section eleven  hundred
 eighty  of this chapter, or (vi) the registrant was liable in accordance
 with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation  of
 subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or
 (vii) the registrant  was  liable  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven
 hundred seventy-four of this chapter, or (vii) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for a
 violation  of subdivision (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of
 this chapter, OR (VIII) THE REGISTRANT WAS  LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
 SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the regis-
 tration  or  renewal application until the applicant provides proof from
 the court, traffic  and  parking  violations  agency  or  administrative
 tribunal  wherein  the  charges are pending that an appearance or answer
 has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal  that  he  or
 she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal follow-
 ing  entry  of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant
 to this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny  a
 registration  or  renewal  application  to any other person for the same
 vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other
 motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the  commis-
 sioner  has  determined  that such registrant's intent has been to evade
 the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has  reason-
 able  grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the
 effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial  shall
 only  remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in
 the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails  to  comply
 with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   §  11-a. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section
 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8  of  chapter
 145 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
   (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
 of  there  is  a  certification from a court, parking violations bureau,
 traffic and parking violations  agency  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  or [adminstrative] ADMINISTRATIVE tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry of a final decision in response to a
 total of three or more summonses or  other  process  in  the  aggregate,
 issued  within  an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such
 motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor  vehi-
 cle  was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without
 being licensed as a motor vehicle for  hire  by  the  appropriate  local
 authority,  in  violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
 any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by  a  local  authority;  or
 (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred

 S. 5223--B                         58
 
 eleven-a,  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  or section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
 eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter;  or (iii) the registrant was
 liable  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap-
 ter for a violation of  a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined  in  such
 section,  or  (iv)  the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or (vi) the
 registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e
 of  this  chapter  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter; or (vii) the registrant  was  liable  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter
 for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this  chapter,
 OR  (VIII)  THE  REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (D),  (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the
 commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or  renewal
 application  until  the applicant provides proof from the court, traffic
 and parking violations agency or  administrative  tribunal  wherein  the
 charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the
 case  of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with the
 rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final  deci-
 sion.  Where  an  application  is  denied  pursuant to this section, the
 commissioner may, in his or  her  discretion,  deny  a  registration  or
 renewal  application  to  any  other person for the same vehicle and may
 deny a registration or renewal application for any other  motor  vehicle
 registered  in  the  name  of  the  applicant where the commissioner has
 determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the  purposes
 of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
 believe  that  such  registration  or  renewal  will  have the effect of
 defeating the purposes of  this  subdivision.  Such  denial  shall  only
 remain  in  effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the
 case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply  with
 the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   §  11-b.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-a of chapter 145  of
 the laws of 2019 and section 11-a of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019. is
 amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry of a final decision in response to a
 total of three or more summonses or  other  process  in  the  aggregate,
 issued  within  an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such
 motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor  vehi-
 cle  was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without
 being licensed as a motor vehicle for  hire  by  the  appropriate  local
 authority,  in  violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
 any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by  a  local  authority;  or
 (ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-b  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter;  or  (iii)  the  registrant  was
 liable  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap-
 ter for a violation of  a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined  in  such

 S. 5223--B                         59
 
 section;  or  (iv)  the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
 (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (v) the regis-
 trant  was  liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
 this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b),  (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
 section  eleven  hundred eighty of this chapter ; or (vi) the registrant
 was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this
 chapter  for  a  violation  of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this chapter; or (vii) the registrant was liable in accordance
 with section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  section  eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter; or
 [(vii)] (VIII) the registrant was  liable  in  accordance  with  section
 eleven  hundred  eighty-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter; OR (IX) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),
 (D),  (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the
 commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or  renewal
 application  until the applicant provides proof from the court or admin-
 istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or
 answer has been made or in the case of an administrative  tribunal  that
 he  or  she has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal
 following entry of a final decision.  Where  an  application  is  denied
 pursuant   to  this  section,  the  commissioner  may,  in  his  or  her
 discretion, deny a registration or  renewal  application  to  any  other
 person  for  the  same  vehicle  and  may deny a registration or renewal
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  11-c.  Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-b of chapter 145 and
 section 11-b of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to  read  as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
 tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
 date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
 trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
 three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
 month  period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped
 or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated  for  hire  by  the
 registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
 for  hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in accord-
 ance with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
 violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section; or (iii)
 the  registrant  was  liable  in  accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section

 S. 5223--B                         60
 
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable
 in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter,[,]  or  the registrant was liable in
 accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this  chapter  for  a
 violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
 hundred eighty of this chapter; or (v)  the  registrant  was  liable  in
 accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter;  or  (VI)  THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B),  (D),  (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER;
 OR (vii) the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section  eleven
 hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section eleven
 hundred  seventy-four  of  this  chapter, the commissioner or his or her
 agent shall deny the  registration  or  renewal  application  until  the
 applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
 ein  the  charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made
 or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied
 with the rules and regulations of said tribunal  following  entry  of  a
 final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
 the  commissioner  may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or
 renewal application to any other person for the  same  vehicle  and  may
 deny  a  registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle
 registered in the name of  the  applicant  where  the  commissioner  has
 determined  that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes
 of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
 believe that such registration  or  renewal  will  have  the  effect  of
 defeating  the  purposes  of  this  subdivision.  Such denial shall only
 remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in  the
 case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with
 the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 11-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-c of chapter 145 and
 section  11-c  of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped
 or  standing,  or  that  such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the
 registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
 for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in  accord-
 ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter;  or  (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for  violations  of  subdivision
 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
 ter,[,]  or  the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven
 hundred eighty-d of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),

 S. 5223--B                         61
 
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty  of  this  chapter;  or
 (iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
 eleven-e  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (v)  THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE
 IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A
 VIOLATION  OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
 EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER; OR (VI) the registrant was liable in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of  this  chapter,  the
 commissioner  or his or her agent shall deny the registration or renewal
 application until the applicant provides proof from the court or  admin-
 istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or
 answer  has  been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that
 he or she has complied with the rules and regulations of  said  tribunal
 following  entry  of  a  final  decision. Where an application is denied
 pursuant  to  this  section,  the  commissioner  may,  in  his  or   her
 discretion,  deny  a  registration  or  renewal application to any other
 person for the same vehicle and  may  deny  a  registration  or  renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 11-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-d of chapter 145 and
 section  11-d  of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant  or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for
 hire by the appropriate local authority, in  violation  of  any  of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority, or the registrant was  liable  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for violations of
 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven  hundred  eighty
 of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or the  registrant
 was  liable  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
 chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eleven  of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF  THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section
 eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for a violation of section

 S. 5223--B                         62
 
 eleven  hundred seventy-four of this chapter, the commissioner or his or
 her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application  until  the
 applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
 ein  the  charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made
 or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied
 with the rules and regulations of said tribunal  following  entry  of  a
 final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
 the  commissioner  may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or
 renewal application to any other person for the  same  vehicle  and  may
 deny  a  registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle
 registered in the name of  the  applicant  where  the  commissioner  has
 determined  that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes
 of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
 believe that such registration  or  renewal  will  have  the  effect  of
 defeating  the  purposes  of  this  subdivision.  Such denial shall only
 remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in  the
 case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with
 the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 11-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-f of chapter 145 and
 section  11-f  of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant  or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for
 hire by the appropriate local authority, in  violation  of  any  of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority, or the registrant was  liable  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter for violations of
 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven  hundred  eighty
 of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
 eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, OR THE  REGISTRANT
 WAS  LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G)  OF  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, or the registrant was liable in
 accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter
 for  a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter,
 the commissioner or his or her agent  shall  deny  the  registration  or
 renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or
 administrative  tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appear-
 ance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative  tribu-
 nal that he has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal
 following  entry  of  a  final  decision. Where an application is denied
 pursuant  to  this  section,  the  commissioner  may,  in  his  or   her
 discretion,  deny  a  registration  or  renewal application to any other
 person for the same vehicle and  may  deny  a  registration  or  renewal
 application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
 applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's

 S. 5223--B                         63
 
 intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
 sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
 remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
 registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
 entry of a final decision.
   § 11-g. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and traffic law, as separately amended by section 8-g of chapter 145 and
 section  11-g  of chapter 148 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as
 follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his OR HER represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant  or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for
 hire by the appropriate local authority, in  violation  of  any  of  the
 provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
 made by a local authority, or the registrant was  liable  in  accordance
 with  section  eleven  hundred  seventy-four-a  of  this  chapter  for a
 violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter, or the
 registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d
 of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)
 of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS
 LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS  CHAP-
 TER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEV-
 EN  HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his OR HER agent
 shall deny the registration or renewal application until  the  applicant
 provides  proof  from  the  court or administrative tribunal wherein the
 charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the
 case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied with  the
 rules  and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final deci-
 sion. Where an application is  denied  pursuant  to  this  section,  the
 commissioner  may,  in  his  OR  HER  discretion, deny a registration or
 renewal application to any other person for the  same  vehicle  and  may
 deny  a  registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle
 registered in the name of  the  applicant  where  the  commissioner  has
 determined  that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes
 of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
 believe that such registration  or  renewal  will  have  the  effect  of
 defeating  the  purposes  of  this  subdivision.  Such denial shall only
 remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in  the
 case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with
 the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 11-h. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law,  as separately amended by chapters 339 and 592 of the
 laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows:
   a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
 there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
 appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his OR HER represen-
 tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned

 S. 5223--B                         64
 
 date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
 trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
 three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
 month  period,  charging  that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or
 standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
 trant or his OR HER agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle  for
 hire  by  the  appropriate  local  authority, in violation of any of the
 provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
 made  by  a  local authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F)  OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF
 THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his OR HER agent shall deny the regis-
 tration or renewal application until the applicant provides  proof  from
 the  court  or  administrative  tribunal wherein the charges are pending
 that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an adminis-
 trative tribunal that he OR SHE has complied with the  rules  and  regu-
 lations  of  said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an
 application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in
 his OR HER discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any
 other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal
 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
 applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
 renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
 remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
 registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
 entry of a final decision.
   §  12.  The  general  municipal law is amended by adding a new section
 371-a to read as follows:
   § 371-A. ADDITIONAL JURISDICTION AND PROCEDURE RELATED TO THE  ADJUDI-
 CATION  OF  CERTAIN  NOTICES  OF  LIABILITY. A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU
 ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO  SUBDIVISION  ONE  AND  A  TRAFFIC  AND  PARKING
 VIOLATIONS  AGENCY  ESTABLISHED  PURSUANT  TO SUBDIVISION TWO OF SECTION
 THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY-ONE OF THIS ARTICLE MAY BE AUTHORIZED  TO  ADJUDI-
 CATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F)
 OR  (G)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW
 PURSUANT TO A DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  ESTABLISHED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION
 ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-E  OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, IN ACCORDANCE
 WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ARTICLE.
   § 13. Section 1803 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding
 two new subdivisions 11 and 12 to read as follows:
   11. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH E OF SUBDIVISION ONE  OF
 THIS SECTION, WHERE THE COMMISSIONER OF TRANSPORTATION HAS ESTABLISHED A
 DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  IMPOSING  MONETARY  LIABILITY  ON THE OWNER OF A
 VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO  COMPLY  WITH  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS CHAPTER, ANY
 FINE OR PENALTY COLLECTED BY A COURT, JUDGE, MAGISTRATE OR OTHER OFFICER
 FOR AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY WHICH OCCURS  PURSUANT  TO  SUCH  PROGRAM
 SHALL  BE PAID TO THE STATE COMPTROLLER WITHIN THE FIRST TEN DAYS OF THE
 MONTH FOLLOWING COLLECTION. EVERY SUCH PAYMENT SHALL BE ACCOMPANIED BY A
 STATEMENT IN SUCH FORM AND DETAIL AS THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PROVIDE.  THE
 COMPTROLLER SHALL PAY EIGHTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY IMPOSED
 FOR  SUCH  LIABILITY TO THE GENERAL FUND, AND TWENTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH

 S. 5223--B                         65
 
 FINE OR PENALTY TO THE CITY, TOWN OR  VILLAGE  IN  WHICH  THE  VIOLATION
 GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY OCCURRED.  ALL FINES, PENALTIES AND FORFEI-
 TURES PAID TO A CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THIS
 SUBDIVISION  SHALL BE CREDITED TO THE GENERAL FUND OF SUCH CITY, TOWN OR
 VILLAGE, UNLESS  A  DIFFERENT  DISPOSITION  IS  PRESCRIBED  BY  CHARTER,
 SPECIAL LAW, LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE.
   12.  EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH E OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF
 THIS SECTION, WHERE THE CHAIR OF THE NEW YORK  STATE  THRUWAY  AUTHORITY
 HAS  ESTABLISHED  A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON
 THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH
 SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E OF THIS
 CHAPTER, ANY FINE OR PENALTY COLLECTED BY A COURT, JUDGE, MAGISTRATE  OR
 OTHER  OFFICER  FOR  AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY WHICH OCCURS PURSUANT TO
 SUCH PROGRAM SHALL BE PAID TO THE STATE COMPTROLLER WITHIN THE FIRST TEN
 DAYS OF THE MONTH FOLLOWING COLLECTION.  EVERY  SUCH  PAYMENT  SHALL  BE
 ACCOMPANIED  BY  A  STATEMENT IN SUCH FORM AND DETAIL AS THE COMPTROLLER
 SHALL PROVIDE. THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PAY EIGHTY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE
 OR PENALTY IMPOSED FOR SUCH LIABILITY  TO  THE  THRUWAY  AUTHORITY,  AND
 TWENTY  PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY TO THE CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE
 IN WHICH THE VIOLATION GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY OCCURRED.   FOR  THE
 PURPOSES  OF  THIS  SUBDIVISION, THE TERM "THRUWAY AUTHORITY" SHALL MEAN
 THE NEW YORK STATE THRUWAY  AUTHORITY,  A  BODY  CORPORATE  AND  POLITIC
 CONSTITUTING  A  PUBLIC  CORPORATION CREATED AND CONSTITUTED PURSUANT TO
 TITLE NINE OF ARTICLE TWO OF THE  PUBLIC  AUTHORITIES  LAW.  ALL  FINES,
 PENALTIES  AND  FORFEITURES  PAID TO A CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE PURSUANT TO
 THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL BE CREDITED TO THE GENERAL FUND
 OF SUCH CITY,  TOWN  OR  VILLAGE,  UNLESS  A  DIFFERENT  DISPOSITION  IS
 PRESCRIBED BY  CHARTER, SPECIAL LAW, LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE.
   §  14.  Subdivision  2  of  section  87  of the public officers law is
 amended by adding a new paragraph (r) to read as follows:
   (R) ARE PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED
 IMAGES  PREPARED  UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY-E
 OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
   § 15. The purchase or lease of equipment for a  demonstration  program
 pursuant  to  section  1180-e  of  the  vehicle and traffic law shall be
 subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law.
   § 16. This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after  it  shall
 have  become  a  law  and shall expire 5 years after such effective date
 when upon such date the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed;
 and provided further that any rules necessary for the implementation  of
 this  act  on  its effective date shall be promulgated on or before such
 effective date, provided that:
   (a) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle  and
 traffic law made by section one of this act shall not affect the expira-
 tion  of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon
 such date the provisions of section one-a of this act shall take effect;
   (a-1) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-a  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-b of this act shall take effect;
   (a-2)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-b of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-c of this act shall take effect;

 S. 5223--B                         66
 
   (a-3) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-c  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-d of this act shall take effect;
   (a-4)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-d of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-e of this act shall take effect;
   (a-5) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-e  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-f of this act shall take effect;
   (a-6)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-f of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-g of this act shall take effect;
   (a-7) the amendments to section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by  section  one-g  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section one-h of this act shall take effect;
   (a-8)  the  amendments  to  section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section one-h of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section one-i of this act shall take effect;
   (b) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle  and
 traffic law made by section two of this act shall not affect the expira-
 tion  of  such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section two-a of this  act  shall  take
 effect;
   (b-1)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-a of this act shall not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-b of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (b-2)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-b of this act shall not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-c of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (b-3)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-c of this act shall not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-d of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (b-4)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-d of this act shall not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-e of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (b-5)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-e of this act shall not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-f of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (b-6)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-f of this act shall not  affect  the

 S. 5223--B                         67
 
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-g of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (b-7)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section two-g of this act shall not  affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section two-h of  this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (c) the amendments to subdivision 10 of section 237 of the vehicle and
 traffic law made by section three of this act shall not affect the expi-
 ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon  such date the provisions of section three-a of this act shall take
 effect;
   (c-1) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four of this act  shall  not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-a of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-2) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-a of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-b of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-3) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-b of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-c of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-4) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-c of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-d of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-5) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-d of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-e of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-6) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-e of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-f of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-7) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-f of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-g of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (c-8) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
 the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-g of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-h of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section  five  of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire

 S. 5223--B                         68
 
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-a of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-1)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section five-a of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-b of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-2) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-b of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-c of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-3)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section five-c of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-d of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-4) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-d of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-e of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-5)  the  amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section five-e of  this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-f of this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-6) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240  of  the
 vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-f of this act shall not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-g of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (d-7)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 240 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section five-g of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section five-h of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (d-8)  the amendments to subdivision 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section five-h of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
 when upon such date the provisions of section five-i of this  act  shall
 take effect;
   (e)  the  amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six of this act shall
 not affect the expiration of such paragraphs  and  shall  be  deemed  to
 expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-a of
 this act shall take effect;
   (e-1) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-a of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-b
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-2) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-b of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed

 S. 5223--B                         69
 
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-c
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-3) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-c of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-d
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-4) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-d of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-e
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-5) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-e of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-f
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-6) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-f of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-g
 of this act shall take effect;
   (e-7) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
 240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-g of this act
 shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
 to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-h
 of this act shall take effect;
   (f) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehi-
 cle  and  traffic law made by section seven of this act shall not affect
 the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire there-
 with, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-a of this  act
 shall take effect;
   (f-1)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-a of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-b of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-2)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-b of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-c of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-3)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-c of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-d of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-4)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-d of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-e of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-5)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-e of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire

 S. 5223--B                         70
 
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-f of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-6)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-f of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-g of this
 act shall take effect;
   (f-7)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the
 vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-g of this  act  shall  not
 affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
 therewith,  when  upon  such date the provisions of sections seven-h and
 seven-i of this act shall take effect;
   (g) the amendments to the  opening  paragraph  and  paragraph  (c)  of
 subdivision  1  of  section  1809 of the vehicle and traffic law made by
 section nine of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section
 and shall be deemed  to  expire  therewith,  when  upon  such  date  the
 provisions of section nine-a of this act shall take effect;
   (g-1)  the  amendments  to  the opening paragraph and paragraph (c) of
 subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law  made  by
 section  nine-a  of  this  act  shall  not affect the expiration of such
 section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
 provisions of section nine-b of this act shall take effect;
   (g-2) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law made by section nine-b of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section nine-c of this act  shall  take
 effect;
   (g-3)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-c of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon  such  date the provisions of section nine-d of this act shall take
 effect;
   (g-4) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law made by section nine-d of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section nine-e of this act  shall  take
 effect;
   (g-5)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-e of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon  such  date the provisions of section nine-f of this act shall take
 effect;
   (g-6) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic law made by section nine-f of this act shall not affect the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon such date the provisions of section nine-g of this act  shall  take
 effect;
   (g-7)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section nine-g of this act shall not affect  the
 expiration of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
 upon  such  date the provisions of section nine-h of this act shall take
 effect;
   (h) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of  section  1809-e
 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten of this act shall not
 affect  the  expiration  of  such  section and shall be deemed to expire

 S. 5223--B                         71
 
 therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-a  of  this
 act shall take effect;
   (h-1)  the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section ten-a of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section ten-b of this act shall take effect;
   (h-2) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic  law
 made  by  section  ten-b  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section ten-c of this act shall take effect;
   (h-3)  the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section ten-c of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section ten-d of this act shall take effect;
   (h-4) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic  law
 made  by  section  ten-d  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section ten-e of this act shall take effect;
   (h-5)  the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section ten-e of this act shall not  affect  the  expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section ten-f of this act shall take effect;
   (h-6) the amendments to section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic  law
 made  by  section  ten-f  of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section ten-g of this act shall take effect;
   (i)  the  amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision
 5-a of of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic  law  made  by  section
 eleven  of  this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and
 shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the  provisions
 of section eleven-a of this act shall take effect;
   (i-1) the amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision
 5-a  of  section  401  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section
 eleven-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of such section and
 shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the  provisions
 of section eleven-b of this act shall take effect;
   (i-2)  the  amendments  to  section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section eleven-b of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section eleven-c of this act shall take effect;
   (i-3) the amendments to section 401 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section eleven-c of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section eleven-d of this act shall take effect;
   (i-4)  the  amendments  to  section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section eleven-d of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section eleven-e of this act shall take effect;
   (i-5) the amendments to section 401 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law
 made  by section eleven-e of this act shall not affect the expiration of
 such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
 date the provisions of section eleven-f of this act shall take effect;
   (i-6)  the  amendments  to  section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section eleven-f of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such

 S. 5223--B                         72
 
 date the provisions of section eleven-g of this act shall  take  effect;
 and
   (i-7)  the  amendments  to  section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law
 made by section eleven-g of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
 such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
 date the provisions of section eleven-h of this act shall take effect.

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Senate Bill S5223B

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Sponsored By

Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Transportation Committee

Bill Amendments

co-Sponsors

2019-S5223 - Details

2019-S5223 - Summary

2019-S5223 - Sponsor Memo

2019-S5223 - Bill Text download pdf

co-Sponsors

2019-S5223A - Details

2019-S5223A - Summary

2019-S5223A - Sponsor Memo

2019-S5223A - Bill Text download pdf

co-Sponsors

2019-S5223B (ACTIVE) - Details

2019-S5223B (ACTIVE) - Summary

2019-S5223B (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

2019-S5223B (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

Comments