NY State Senate Bill S2407C

Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Consumer Protection Committee

Introduced
In Committee
On Floor Calendar
- Passed Senate
- Passed Assembly
Delivered to Governor
Signed/Vetoed by Governor

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Actions

view actions (11)

	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
Jan 08, 2020	referred to consumer protection
Jun 20, 2019	committed to rules
Jun 14, 2019	amended on third reading 2407c
Jun 04, 2019	advanced to third reading
Jun 03, 2019	2nd report cal.
May 30, 2019	1st report cal.1093
May 20, 2019	print number 2407b
May 20, 2019	amend and recommit to consumer protection
May 08, 2019	print number 2407a
May 08, 2019	amend and recommit to consumer protection
Jan 24, 2019	referred to consumer protection

Votes

view votes

May 30, 2019 - Consumer Protection committee Vote

S2407B

committee

Aye

Nay

Aye with Reservations

Absent

Excused

Abstained

show committee vote details

Committee Vote: May 30, 2019

aye (5)

nay (1)

Jacobs

aye wr (1)

Tedisco

Bill Amendments

Original

C (Active)

Original

C (Active)

Co-Sponsors

S2407 - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A679
Current Committee:: Senate Consumer Protection
Law Section:: General Business Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §349, Gen Bus L
Versions Introduced in Other Legislative Sessions:: 2017-2018: S8131, A9824
2021-2022: A2495

S2407 - Summary

Relates to standing for persons affected by prohibited or unlawful business practices and expands prohibited acts to include unfair, deceptive or abusive acts.

S2407 - Sponsor Memo

 
BILL NUMBER: S2407

SPONSOR: COMRIE
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the general business law, in relation to standing for
persons affected by prohibited or unlawful business practices

 
PURPOSE:

To modernize general business law to clearly define prohibited acts and
practices in the conduct of business, trade or commerce or services.

 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

Section 1 - Defines prohibited acts and practices as any unfair, unlaw-
ful, deceptive or abusive acts or practices in the conduct of business,
trade or commerce or services. The general business law (GBL) is amended
by allowing any person who has been injured by violation of this section
to bring an action to enjoin such unlawful act or practice, an action to
recover damages, or both regardless of whether or not the underlying

violation is consumer-oriented or has public impact. The GBL is further
amended to allow persons, if the prohibited act or practice has caused
damage to him/her or others, to bring an action compliant with article
nine of the civil practice law and rules; an organization may seek the
same remedies and damages that a person.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

New York's general business law is outdated and incapable of providing
the protections needed for modern commerce and service. Although New
York is a leader in many areas of consumer protections, it lacks the
proper protections against unfair and unlawful acts, which lags behind
general business statutes in at least 39 other states. This bill seeks
to protect consumers against actions that are likely to cause substan-
tial injury, take advantage of vulnerable consumers, and defends consum-
ers against practices that are likely to mislead under reasonable
circumstances.

This bill also seeks to allow persons to recover statutory damages of
two thousand dollars in lieu of his or her actual damages, whichever is
greater. Individual consumers and consumer attorneys are often reluctant
to bring action against violators due to the prohibitive costs and time
required to bring litigation to perpetrators.  Increasing the minimum
amount of monies recoverable will provide potential support for persons
in seeking legal action against violators.

This bill would bring New York's GBL in line with most other state stat-
utes by expanding consumer protections to protect against unfair and
unlawful acts while providing a significant deterrent to dishonest and
deceitful business entities that seek to take advantage of consumers.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

S 8131-A COMRIE
A9824-A Niou

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:

It is anticipated that the increased civil penalty and widened
protections proposed in the bill would result in an increase in monies
remitted to the State by violators and perpetrators.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the sixtieth day after it shall have
become law.

S2407 - Bill Text download pdf


                    S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________

                                  2407

                       2019-2020 Regular Sessions

                            I N  S E N A T E

                            January 24, 2019
                               ___________

Introduced  by  Sen.  COMRIE -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
  printed to be committed to the Committee on Consumer Protection

AN ACT to amend the general business law, in relation  to  standing  for
  persons affected by prohibited or unlawful business practices

  THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

  Section 1. Section 349 of the general business law, as added by  chap-
ter 43 of the laws of 1970, subdivision (h) as amended by chapter 157 of
the  laws  of 1984, and subdivision (j) as added by section 6 of part HH
of chapter 55 of the laws of 2014, is amended to read as follows:
  § 349. [Deceptive acts] PROHIBITED ACTS and practices [unlawful].  (a)
[Deceptive]  THIS  SECTION  PROHIBITS ANY UNFAIR, UNLAWFUL, DECEPTIVE OR
ABUSIVE acts or practices in the  conduct  of  any  business,  trade  or
commerce  or  in the furnishing of any service [in this state are hereby
declared unlawful].
  (1) FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, AN ACT  OR  PRACTICE  IS  UNFAIR
WHEN:
  (I)  IT CAUSES OR IS LIKELY TO CAUSE SUBSTANTIAL INJURY, THE INJURY IS
NOT REASONABLY AVOIDABLE, AND THE INJURY IS NOT OUTWEIGHED  BY  COUNTER-
VAILING BENEFITS; OR
  (II)  IT  TAKES UNREASONABLE ADVANTAGE OF THE INABILITY OF A PERSON TO
PROTECT HIS OR HER INTERESTS BECAUSE OF THE PERSON'S INFIRMITY, ILLITER-
ACY OR INABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE LANGUAGE OF AN AGREEMENT.
  (2) FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, AN ACT OR PRACTICE  IS  UNLAWFUL
WHEN IT VIOLATES ANY LAW BE IT CIVIL OR CRIMINAL, FEDERAL, STATE, MUNIC-
IPAL,  STATUTORY,  ADMINISTRATIVE  OR  ANY  OTHER LAW APPLICABLE IN THIS
STATE.
  (3) FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, AN ACT OR PRACTICE IS  DECEPTIVE
WHEN  THE  ACT OR PRACTICE MISLEADS OR IS LIKELY TO MISLEAD A PERSON AND
THE PERSON'S INTERPRETATION IS REASONABLE UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES.

 EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                      [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                           LBD02255-01-9

S. 2407                             2

  (4) FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, AN ACT OR  PRACTICE  IS  ABUSIVE
WHEN:
  (I)  IT  MATERIALLY  INTERFERES WITH THE ABILITY OF A PERSON TO UNDER-
STAND A TERM OR CONDITION OF A CONSUMER FINANCIAL PRODUCT OR SERVICE; OR
  (II) TAKES UNREASONABLE ADVANTAGE OF:
  (A) A PERSON'S LACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE MATERIAL RISKS, COSTS,  OR
CONDITIONS OF THE PRODUCT OR SERVICE;
  (B)  A PERSON'S INABILITY TO PROTECT HIS OR HER INTERESTS IN SELECTING
OR USING A CONSUMER FINANCIAL PRODUCT OR SERVICE; OR
  (C) A PERSON'S REASONABLE RELIANCE ON A PERSON COVERED BY THIS SECTION
TO ACT IN HIS OR HER INTERESTS.
  (b) Whenever the attorney general shall believe from  evidence  satis-
factory  to him OR HER that any person, firm, corporation or association
or agent or employee thereof has engaged in or is about to engage in any
of the acts or practices stated to be  UNFAIR,  unlawful,  DECEPTIVE  OR
ABUSIVE,  he OR SHE may bring an action in the name and on behalf of the
people of the state of New York to enjoin such unlawful  acts  or  prac-
tices  and  to  obtain  restitution  of  any moneys or property obtained
directly or indirectly by any such unlawful acts or practices.  In  such
action  preliminary  relief  may be granted under article sixty-three of
the civil practice law and rules.
  (c) Before any violation of this section is sought to be enjoined, the
attorney general shall be required to give the person against whom  such
proceeding  is  contemplated notice by certified mail and an opportunity
to show in writing within five business days after receipt of notice why
proceedings should not be instituted against  him  OR  HER,  unless  the
attorney  general  shall  find,  in  any  case  in which he OR SHE seeks
preliminary relief, that to give such notice and opportunity is  not  in
the public interest.
  (d) [In any such action it shall be a complete defense that the act or
practice  is,  or  if  in  interstate  commerce would be, subject to and
complies with the rules and regulations of, and  the  statutes  adminis-
tered by, the federal trade commission or any official department, divi-
sion,  commission  or  agency  of the United States as such rules, regu-
lations or statutes are interpreted by the federal trade  commission  or
such department, division, commission or agency or the federal courts.
  (e)]  Nothing  in  this section shall apply to any television or radio
broadcasting station or to any publisher  or  printer  of  a  newspaper,
magazine   or   other  form  of  printed  advertising,  who  broadcasts,
publishes, or prints the advertisement.
  [(f)] (E) In  connection  with  any  proposed  proceeding  under  this
section,  the  attorney  general  is authorized to take proof and make a
determination of the relevant facts, and to issue subpoenas  in  accord-
ance with the civil practice law and rules.
  [(g)]  (F) This section shall apply to all [deceptive] PROHIBITED acts
[or] AND practices [declared to be unlawful], whether or not subject  to
any  other  law  of this state, and shall not supersede, amend or repeal
any other law of this state under which the attorney general is  author-
ized to take any action or conduct any inquiry.
  [(h)] (G) (1) In addition to the right of action granted to the attor-
ney general pursuant to this section, any person who has been injured by
reason  of  any  violation of this section may bring an action in his OR
HER own name to enjoin such unlawful  act  or  practice,  an  action  to
recover  his  OR  HER actual damages [or fifty] AND STATUTORY DAMAGES OF
TWO THOUSAND dollars, [whichever is greater,] or both such actions. SUCH
ACTIONS MAY BE BROUGHT REGARDLESS  OF  WHETHER  OR  NOT  THE  UNDERLYING

S. 2407                             3

VIOLATION IS CONSUMER-ORIENTED OR HAS A PUBLIC IMPACT. The court may, in
its  discretion,  increase  the  award  of  damages [to an amount not to
exceed three times the actual damages up to one  thousand  dollars,]  if
the  court  finds  the  defendant  willfully  or knowingly violated this
section. The court [may] SHALL  award  reasonable  attorney's  fees  AND
COSTS to a prevailing plaintiff.
  [(j)]  (I)  FOR  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, A "PERSON" IS DEFINED AS AN
INDIVIDUAL, FIRM, CORPORATION,  PARTNERSHIP,  COOPERATIVE,  ASSOCIATION,
COALITION OR ANY OTHER ORGANIZATION'S LEGAL ENTITY, OR GROUP OF INDIVID-
UALS HOWEVER ORGANIZED;
  (II)  GIVEN  THE REMEDIAL NATURE OF THIS SECTION, STANDING TO BRING AN
ACTION UNDER THIS SECTION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED  TO  ORGANIZATIONAL
STANDING  AND  THIRD-PARTY  STANDING,  SHALL  BE LIBERALLY CONSTRUED AND
SHALL BE AVAILABLE TO THE FULLEST EXTENT OTHERWISE PERMITTED BY LAW.
  (2) ANY PERSON ENTITLED TO BRING AN ACTION UNDER THIS ARTICLE MAY,  IF
THE  PROHIBITED  ACT  OR  PRACTICE HAS CAUSED DAMAGE TO OTHERS SIMILARLY
SITUATED, BRING AN ACTION ON BEHALF  OF  HIMSELF  OR  HERSELF  AND  SUCH
OTHERS  TO  RECOVER  ACTUAL, STATUTORY AND/OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES OR OBTAIN
OTHER RELIEF AS PROVIDED FOR IN THIS ARTICLE. THUS, ANY  ACTION  BROUGHT
UNDER THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL COMPLY WITH ARTICLE NINE OF THE CIVIL PRAC-
TICE LAW AND RULES.
  (3)  AN ORGANIZATION MAY BRING AN ACTION UNDER THIS SECTION, ON BEHALF
OF ITSELF OR ANY OF ITS MEMBERS, OR ON BEHALF OF THOSE  MEMBERS  OF  THE
GENERAL  PUBLIC WHO HAVE BEEN INJURED BY REASON OF ANY VIOLATION OF THIS
SECTION, INCLUDING A VIOLATION INVOLVING  GOODS  OR  SERVICES  THAT  THE
ORGANIZATION  PURCHASED  OR RECEIVED IN ORDER TO TEST OR EVALUATE QUALI-
TIES PERTAINING TO USE FOR PERSONAL, HOUSEHOLD, OR FAMILY PURPOSES.   AN
ORGANIZATION  MAY  SEEK  THE SAME REMEDIES AND DAMAGES THAT A PERSON MAY
SEEK UNDER PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS SUBDIVISION.
  (H) Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, all monies  recovered  or
obtained  under  this  article  by  a  state agency or state official or
employee acting in their official capacity shall be subject to  subdivi-
sion eleven of section four of the state finance law.
  §  2.  Section  389-c of the general business law, as added by chapter
309 of the laws of 1996, is amended to read as follows:
  § 389-c. Special application of section three  hundred  forty-nine  of
this  chapter.  In addition to the power set forth in subdivision (b) of
section three hundred forty-nine of this chapter, the  attorney  general
shall  have the power to assess a fine of up to one thousand dollars for
each violation of this article[; and the defense under  subdivision  (d)
of  section three hundred forty-nine of this chapter shall not be avail-
able in connection with any violation of this article].
  § 3. This act shall take effect on the sixtieth  day  after  it  shall
have become a law.

Co-Sponsors

S2407A - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A679
Current Committee:: Senate Consumer Protection
Law Section:: General Business Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §349, Gen Bus L
Versions Introduced in Other Legislative Sessions:: 2017-2018: S8131, A9824
2021-2022: A2495

S2407A - Summary

Relates to standing for persons affected by prohibited or unlawful business practices and expands prohibited acts to include unfair, deceptive or abusive acts.

S2407A - Sponsor Memo

 
BILL NUMBER: S2407A

SPONSOR: COMRIE
 
TITLE OF BILL:  An act to amend the general business law, in relation
to standing for persons affected by prohibited or unlawful business
practices

 
PURPOSE:

To modernize general business law to clearly define prohibited acts and
practices in the conduct of business, trade or commerce or services.

 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

This legislation defines prohibited acts and practices as any unfair,
deceptive or abusive acts or practices in the conduct of business, trade
or commerce or services. The general business law (GBL) is amended to
allow any person who has been injured by violation of this section to
bring an action to enjoin such unlawful act or practice, an action to
recover damages, or both regardless of whether or not the underlying
violation is consumer-oriented or has public impact.  The GBL is further

amended to allow persons, if the prohibited act or practice has caused
damage to him/her or others, to bring an action compliant with article
nine of the civil practice law and rules; an organization may seek the
same remedies and damages that a person.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

New York's general business law is outdated and incapable of providing
the protections needed for modern commerce and service. Although New
York is a leader in many areas of consumer protections, it lacks the
proper protections against unfair, deceptive or abusive acts; conse-
quently, our state lags behind general business statutes in at least 39
other states. This bill seeks to protect consumers against actions that
are likely to cause substantial injury, take advantage of vulnerable
consumers, and defends consumers against practices that are likely to
mislead under reasonable circumstances.

This bill also seeks to allow persons to recover statutory damages of
two thousand dollars in lieu of actual damages, whichever is greater.
Individual consumers and consumer attorneys are often reluctant to bring
actions against violators due to the prohibitive costs and time required
to bring litigation against perpetrators; essentially creating an envi-
ronment where, in practice, bad actors are free to engage in disrep-
utable conduct. Increasing the minimum amount of monies recoverable will
provide potential support for persons in seeking legal action against
violators.

This bill would bring New York's GBL in line with most other state stat-
utes by expanding consumer protections to protect against unfair, decep-
tive or abusive acts while providing a significant deterrent to dishon-
est and deceitful business entities that seek to take advantage of
consumers.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

Senate Bill 8131-A COMRIE 1 Assembly Bill 9824-A Niou

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:
It is anticipated that the increased civil penalty and widened
protections proposed in the bill would result in an increase in monies
remitted to the State by violators and perpetrators.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the sixtieth day after it shall have
become law.

S2407A - Bill Text download pdf


                    S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________

                                 2407--A

                       2019-2020 Regular Sessions

                            I N  S E N A T E

                            January 24, 2019
                               ___________

Introduced  by  Sens. COMRIE, KRUEGER, PARKER, SKOUFIS -- read twice and
  ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee  on
  Consumer  Protection  --  committee  discharged, bill amended, ordered
  reprinted as amended and recommitted to said committee

AN ACT to amend the general business law, in relation  to  standing  for
  persons affected by prohibited or unlawful business practices

  THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

  Section 1. Section 349 of the general business law, as added by  chap-
ter 43 of the laws of 1970, subdivision (h) as amended by chapter 157 of
the  laws  of 1984, and subdivision (j) as added by section 6 of part HH
of chapter 55 of the laws of 2014, is amended to read as follows:
  § 349. [Deceptive acts] PROHIBITED ACTS and  practices  unlawful.  (a)
[Deceptive] THIS SECTION PROHIBITS ANY UNFAIR, DECEPTIVE OR ABUSIVE acts
or practices in the conduct of any business, trade or commerce or in the
furnishing of any service [in this state are hereby declared unlawful].
  (1)  FOR  THE  PURPOSES  OF THIS SECTION, AN ACT OR PRACTICE IS UNFAIR
WHEN:
  (I) IT CAUSES OR IS LIKELY TO CAUSE SUBSTANTIAL INJURY, THE INJURY  IS
NOT  REASONABLY  AVOIDABLE, AND THE INJURY IS NOT OUTWEIGHED BY COUNTER-
VAILING BENEFITS; OR
  (II) IT TAKES UNREASONABLE ADVANTAGE OF THE INABILITY OF A  PERSON  TO
PROTECT HIS OR HER INTERESTS BECAUSE OF THE PERSON'S INFIRMITY, ILLITER-
ACY OR INABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE LANGUAGE OF AN AGREEMENT.
  (2)  FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, AN ACT OR PRACTICE IS DECEPTIVE
WHEN THE ACT OR PRACTICE MISLEADS OR IS LIKELY TO MISLEAD A  PERSON  AND
THE PERSON'S INTERPRETATION IS REASONABLE UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES.
  (3)  FOR  THE  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, AN ACT OR PRACTICE IS ABUSIVE
WHEN:
  (I) IT MATERIALLY INTERFERES WITH THE ABILITY OF A  PERSON  TO  UNDER-
STAND A TERM OR CONDITION OF A CONSUMER FINANCIAL PRODUCT OR SERVICE; OR

 EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                      [ ] is old law to be omitted.

                                                           LBD02255-02-9

S. 2407--A                          2

  (II) TAKES UNREASONABLE ADVANTAGE OF:
  (A)  A PERSON'S LACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE MATERIAL RISKS, COSTS, OR
CONDITIONS OF THE PRODUCT OR SERVICE;
  (B) A PERSON'S INABILITY TO PROTECT HIS OR HER INTERESTS IN  SELECTING
OR USING A CONSUMER FINANCIAL PRODUCT OR SERVICE; OR
  (C) A PERSON'S REASONABLE RELIANCE ON A PERSON COVERED BY THIS SECTION
TO ACT IN HIS OR HER INTERESTS.
  (b)  Whenever  the attorney general shall believe from evidence satis-
factory to him OR HER that any person, firm, corporation or  association
or agent or employee thereof has engaged in or is about to engage in any
of  the  acts  or  practices stated to be UNFAIR, unlawful, DECEPTIVE OR
ABUSIVE, he OR SHE may bring an action in the name and on behalf of  the
people  of  the  state of New York to enjoin such unlawful acts or prac-
tices and to obtain restitution  of  any  moneys  or  property  obtained
directly  or  indirectly by any such unlawful acts or practices. In such
action preliminary relief may be granted under  article  sixty-three  of
the civil practice law and rules.
  (c) Before any violation of this section is sought to be enjoined, the
attorney  general shall be required to give the person against whom such
proceeding is contemplated notice by certified mail and  an  opportunity
to show in writing within five business days after receipt of notice why
proceedings  should  not  be  instituted  against him OR HER, unless the
attorney general shall find, in any  case  in  which  he  OR  SHE  seeks
preliminary  relief,  that to give such notice and opportunity is not in
the public interest.
  (d) In any such action it shall be a complete defense that the act  or
practice  is,  or  if  in  interstate  commerce would be, subject to and
complies with the rules and regulations of, and  the  statutes  adminis-
tered by, the federal trade commission or any official department, divi-
sion,  commission  or  agency  of the United States as such rules, regu-
lations or statutes are interpreted by the federal trade  commission  or
such department, division, commission or agency or the federal courts.
  (e)  Nothing  in  this  section shall apply to any television or radio
broadcasting station or to any publisher  or  printer  of  a  newspaper,
magazine   or   other  form  of  printed  advertising,  who  broadcasts,
publishes, or prints the advertisement.
  (f) In connection with any proposed proceeding under this section, the
attorney general is authorized to take proof and make a determination of
the relevant facts, and to issue subpoenas in accordance with the  civil
practice law and rules.
  (g)  This  section shall apply to all [deceptive] PROHIBITED acts [or]
AND practices [declared to be unlawful], whether or not subject  to  any
other  law  of  this state, and shall not supersede, amend or repeal any
other law of this state under which the attorney general  is  authorized
to take any action or conduct any inquiry.
  (h)  (1)  In  addition  to the right of action granted to the attorney
general pursuant to this section, any person who  has  been  injured  by
reason  of  any  violation of this section may bring an action in his OR
HER own name to enjoin such unlawful  act  or  practice,  an  action  to
recover  his  OR  HER actual damages [or fifty] AND STATUTORY DAMAGES OF
TWO THOUSAND dollars, [whichever is greater,] or both such actions. SUCH
ACTIONS MAY BE BROUGHT REGARDLESS  OF  WHETHER  OR  NOT  THE  UNDERLYING
VIOLATION IS CONSUMER-ORIENTED OR HAS A PUBLIC IMPACT. The court may, in
its  discretion,  increase  the  award  of  damages [to an amount not to
exceed three times the actual damages up to one  thousand  dollars,]  if
the  court  finds  the  defendant  willfully  or knowingly violated this

S. 2407--A                          3

section. The court [may] SHALL  award  reasonable  attorney's  fees  AND
COSTS to a prevailing plaintiff.
  [(j)]  (I)  FOR  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, A "PERSON" IS DEFINED AS AN
INDIVIDUAL, FIRM, CORPORATION,  PARTNERSHIP,  COOPERATIVE,  ASSOCIATION,
COALITION OR ANY OTHER ORGANIZATION'S LEGAL ENTITY, OR GROUP OF INDIVID-
UALS HOWEVER ORGANIZED;
  (II)  GIVEN  THE REMEDIAL NATURE OF THIS SECTION, STANDING TO BRING AN
ACTION UNDER THIS SECTION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED  TO  ORGANIZATIONAL
STANDING  AND  THIRD-PARTY  STANDING,  SHALL  BE LIBERALLY CONSTRUED AND
SHALL BE AVAILABLE TO THE FULLEST EXTENT OTHERWISE PERMITTED BY LAW.
  (2) ANY PERSON ENTITLED TO BRING AN ACTION UNDER THIS ARTICLE MAY,  IF
THE  PROHIBITED  ACT  OR  PRACTICE HAS CAUSED DAMAGE TO OTHERS SIMILARLY
SITUATED, BRING AN ACTION ON BEHALF  OF  HIMSELF  OR  HERSELF  AND  SUCH
OTHERS  TO  RECOVER  ACTUAL, STATUTORY AND/OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES OR OBTAIN
OTHER RELIEF AS PROVIDED FOR IN THIS ARTICLE. THUS, ANY  ACTION  BROUGHT
UNDER THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL COMPLY WITH ARTICLE NINE OF THE CIVIL PRAC-
TICE LAW AND RULES.
  (3)  AN ORGANIZATION MAY BRING AN ACTION UNDER THIS SECTION, ON BEHALF
OF ITSELF OR ANY OF ITS MEMBERS, OR ON BEHALF OF THOSE  MEMBERS  OF  THE
GENERAL  PUBLIC WHO HAVE BEEN INJURED BY REASON OF ANY VIOLATION OF THIS
SECTION, INCLUDING A VIOLATION INVOLVING  GOODS  OR  SERVICES  THAT  THE
ORGANIZATION  PURCHASED  OR RECEIVED IN ORDER TO TEST OR EVALUATE QUALI-
TIES PERTAINING TO USE FOR PERSONAL, HOUSEHOLD, OR FAMILY PURPOSES.   AN
ORGANIZATION  MAY  SEEK  THE SAME REMEDIES AND DAMAGES THAT A PERSON MAY
SEEK UNDER PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS SUBDIVISION.
  (I) Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, all monies  recovered  or
obtained  under  this  article  by  a  state agency or state official or
employee acting in their official capacity shall be subject to  subdivi-
sion eleven of section four of the state finance law.
  §  2.  Section  389-c of the general business law, as added by chapter
309 of the laws of 1996, is amended to read as follows:
  § 389-c. Special application of section three  hundred  forty-nine  of
this  chapter.  In addition to the power set forth in subdivision (b) of
section three hundred forty-nine of this chapter, the  attorney  general
shall  have the power to assess a fine of up to one thousand dollars for
each violation of this article[; and the defense under  subdivision  (d)
of  section three hundred forty-nine of this chapter shall not be avail-
able in connection with any violation of this article].
  § 3. This act shall take effect on the sixtieth  day  after  it  shall
have become a law.

Co-Sponsors

view additional co-sponsors

S2407B - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A679
Current Committee:: Senate Consumer Protection
Law Section:: General Business Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §349, Gen Bus L
Versions Introduced in Other Legislative Sessions:: 2017-2018: S8131, A9824
2021-2022: A2495

S2407B - Summary

Relates to standing for persons affected by prohibited or unlawful business practices and expands prohibited acts to include unfair, deceptive or abusive acts.

S2407B - Sponsor Memo

 
BILL NUMBER: S2407B

SPONSOR: COMRIE
 
TITLE OF BILL:  An act to amend the general business law, in relation
to standing for persons affected by prohibited or unlawful business
practices

 
PURPOSE:

To modernize general business law to clearly define prohibited acts and
practices in the conduct of business, trade or commerce or services.

 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

This legislation defines prohibited acts and practices as any unfair,
deceptive or abusive acts or practices in the conduct of business, trade
or commerce or services. The general business law (GBL) is amended to
allow any person who has been injured by violation of this section to
bring an action to enjoin such unlawful act or practice, an action to
recover damages, or both regardless of whether or not the underlying
violation is consumer-oriented or has public impact.  The GBL is further

amended to allow persons, if the prohibited act or practice has caused
damage to him/her or others, to bring an action compliant with article
nine of the civil practice law and rules; an organization may seek the
same remedies and damages that a person.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

New York's general business law is outdated and incapable of providing
the protections needed for modern commerce and service. Although New
York is a leader in many areas of consumer protections, it lacks the
proper protections against unfair, deceptive or abusive acts; conse-
quently, our state lags behind general business statutes in at least 39
other states. This bill seeks to protect consumers against actions that
are likely to cause substantial injury, take advantage of vulnerable
consumers, and defends consumers against practices that are likely to
mislead under reasonable circumstances.

This bill also seeks to allow persons to recover statutory damages of
two thousand dollars in lieu of actual damages, whichever is greater.
Individual consumers and consumer attorneys are often reluctant to bring
actions against violators due to the prohibitive costs and time required
to bring litigation against perpetrators; essentially creating an envi-
ronment where, in practice, bad actors are free to engage in disrep-
utable conduct. Increasing the minimum amount of monies recoverable will
provide potential support for persons in seeking legal action against
violators.

This bill would bring New York's GBL in line with most other state stat-
utes by expanding consumer protections to protect against unfair, decep-
tive or abusive acts while providing a significant deterrent to dishon-
est and deceitful business entities that seek to take advantage of
consumers.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

Senate Bill 8131-A COMRIE / Assembly Bill 9824-A Niou

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:
It is anticipated that the increased civil penalty and widened
protections proposed in the bill would result in an increase in monies
remitted to the State by violators and perpetrators.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the sixtieth day after it shall have
become law.

S2407B - Bill Text download pdf


                    S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________

                                 2407--B

                       2019-2020 Regular Sessions

                            I N  S E N A T E

                            January 24, 2019
                               ___________

Introduced  by  Sens. COMRIE, KRUEGER, PARKER, SKOUFIS -- read twice and
  ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee  on
  Consumer  Protection  --  committee  discharged, bill amended, ordered
  reprinted as amended and recommitted to said  committee  --  committee
  discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted
  to said committee

AN  ACT  to  amend the general business law, in relation to standing for
  persons affected by prohibited or unlawful business practices

  THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

  Section  1. Section 349 of the general business law, as added by chap-
ter 43 of the laws of 1970, subdivision (h) as amended by chapter 157 of
the laws of 1984, and subdivision (j) as added by section 6 of  part  HH
of chapter 55 of the laws of 2014, is amended to read as follows:
  §  349.  [Deceptive  acts] PROHIBITED ACTS and practices unlawful. (a)
[Deceptive] THIS SECTION PROHIBITS ANY UNFAIR, DECEPTIVE OR ABUSIVE acts
or practices in the conduct of any business, trade or commerce or in the
furnishing of any service [in this state are hereby declared unlawful].
  (1) FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, AN ACT  OR  PRACTICE  IS  UNFAIR
WHEN:
  (I)  IT CAUSES OR IS LIKELY TO CAUSE SUBSTANTIAL INJURY, THE INJURY IS
NOT REASONABLY AVOIDABLE, AND THE INJURY IS NOT OUTWEIGHED  BY  COUNTER-
VAILING BENEFITS; OR
  (II)  IT  TAKES UNREASONABLE ADVANTAGE OF THE INABILITY OF A PERSON TO
PROTECT HIS OR HER INTERESTS BECAUSE OF THE PERSON'S INFIRMITY, ILLITER-
ACY OR INABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE LANGUAGE OF AN AGREEMENT.
  (2) FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, AN ACT OR PRACTICE IS  DECEPTIVE
WHEN  THE  ACT OR PRACTICE MISLEADS OR IS LIKELY TO MISLEAD A PERSON AND
THE PERSON'S INTERPRETATION IS REASONABLE UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES.
  (3) FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, AN ACT OR  PRACTICE  IS  ABUSIVE
WHEN:

 EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                      [ ] is old law to be omitted.

                                                           LBD02255-04-9

S. 2407--B                          2

  (I)  IT  MATERIALLY  INTERFERES WITH THE ABILITY OF A PERSON TO UNDER-
STAND A TERM OR CONDITION OF A PRODUCT OR SERVICE; OR
  (II) TAKES UNREASONABLE ADVANTAGE OF:
  (A)  A PERSON'S LACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE MATERIAL RISKS, COSTS, OR
CONDITIONS OF THE PRODUCT OR SERVICE;
  (B) A PERSON'S INABILITY TO PROTECT HIS OR HER INTERESTS IN  SELECTING
OR USING A PRODUCT OR SERVICE; OR
  (C) A PERSON'S REASONABLE RELIANCE ON A PERSON COVERED BY THIS SECTION
TO ACT IN HIS OR HER INTERESTS.
  (b)  Whenever  the attorney general shall believe from evidence satis-
factory to him OR HER that any person, firm, corporation or  association
or agent or employee thereof has engaged in or is about to engage in any
of  the  acts  or  practices stated to be UNFAIR, unlawful, DECEPTIVE OR
ABUSIVE, he OR SHE may bring an action in the name and on behalf of  the
people  of  the  state of New York to enjoin such unlawful acts or prac-
tices and to obtain restitution  of  any  moneys  or  property  obtained
directly  or  indirectly by any such unlawful acts or practices. In such
action preliminary relief may be granted under  article  sixty-three  of
the  civil  practice law and rules.  SUCH ACTIONS MAY BE BROUGHT REGARD-
LESS OF WHETHER OR NOT THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION IS DIRECTED AT  INDIVID-
UALS  OR  BUSINESSES,  IS CONSUMER-ORIENTED, OR INVOLVES THE OFFERING OF
GOODS, SERVICES, OR PROPERTY FOR PERSONAL, FAMILY OR HOUSEHOLD PURPOSES.
  (c) Before any violation of this section is sought to be enjoined, the
attorney general shall be required to give the person against whom  such
proceeding  is  contemplated notice by certified mail and an opportunity
to show in writing within five business days after receipt of notice why
proceedings should not be instituted against  him  OR  HER,  unless  the
attorney  general  shall  find,  in  any  case  in which he OR SHE seeks
preliminary relief, that to give such notice and opportunity is  not  in
the public interest.
  (d)  In any such action it shall be a complete defense that the act or
practice is, or if in interstate  commerce  would  be,  subject  to  and
complies  with  the  rules and regulations of, and the statutes adminis-
tered by, the federal trade commission or any official department, divi-
sion, commission or agency of the United States  as  such  rules,  regu-
lations  or  statutes are interpreted by the federal trade commission or
such department, division, commission or agency or the federal courts.
  (e) Nothing in this section shall apply to  any  television  or  radio
broadcasting  station  or  to  any  publisher or printer of a newspaper,
magazine  or  other  form  of  printed  advertising,   who   broadcasts,
publishes, or prints the advertisement.
  (f) In connection with any proposed proceeding under this section, the
attorney general is authorized to take proof and make a determination of
the  relevant facts, and to issue subpoenas in accordance with the civil
practice law and rules.
  (g) This section shall apply to all [deceptive] PROHIBITED  acts  [or]
AND  practices  [declared to be unlawful], whether or not subject to any
other law of this state, and shall not supersede, amend  or  repeal  any
other  law  of this state under which the attorney general is authorized
to take any action or conduct any inquiry.
  (h) (1) In addition to the right of action  granted  to  the  attorney
general  pursuant  to  this  section, any person who has been injured by
reason of any violation of this section may bring an action  in  his  OR
HER  own  name  to  enjoin  such  unlawful act or practice, an action to
recover his OR HER actual damages [or fifty] AND  STATUTORY  DAMAGES  OF
TWO THOUSAND dollars, [whichever is greater,] or both such actions. SUCH

S. 2407--B                          3

ACTIONS  MAY  BE  BROUGHT  REGARDLESS  OF  WHETHER OR NOT THE UNDERLYING
VIOLATION IS CONSUMER-ORIENTED OR HAS A PUBLIC IMPACT. The court may, in
its discretion, increase the award of  damages  [to  an  amount  not  to
exceed  three  times  the actual damages up to one thousand dollars,] if
the court finds the  defendant  willfully  or  knowingly  violated  this
section.  The  court  [may]  SHALL  award reasonable attorney's fees AND
COSTS to a prevailing plaintiff.
  [(j)] (I) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, A "PERSON" IS  DEFINED  AS  AN
INDIVIDUAL,  FIRM,  CORPORATION,  PARTNERSHIP, COOPERATIVE, ASSOCIATION,
COALITION OR ANY OTHER ORGANIZATION'S LEGAL ENTITY, OR GROUP OF INDIVID-
UALS HOWEVER ORGANIZED;
  (II) GIVEN THE REMEDIAL NATURE OF THIS SECTION, STANDING TO  BRING  AN
ACTION  UNDER  THIS SECTION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ORGANIZATIONAL
STANDING AND THIRD-PARTY STANDING,  SHALL  BE  LIBERALLY  CONSTRUED  AND
SHALL BE AVAILABLE TO THE FULLEST EXTENT OTHERWISE PERMITTED BY LAW.
  (2)  ANY PERSON ENTITLED TO BRING AN ACTION UNDER THIS ARTICLE MAY, IF
THE PROHIBITED ACT OR PRACTICE HAS CAUSED  DAMAGE  TO  OTHERS  SIMILARLY
SITUATED,  BRING  AN  ACTION  ON  BEHALF  OF HIMSELF OR HERSELF AND SUCH
OTHERS TO RECOVER ACTUAL, STATUTORY AND/OR PUNITIVE  DAMAGES  OR  OBTAIN
OTHER  RELIEF  AS PROVIDED FOR IN THIS ARTICLE. THUS, ANY ACTION BROUGHT
UNDER THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL COMPLY WITH ARTICLE NINE OF THE CIVIL PRAC-
TICE LAW AND RULES.
  (3) AN ORGANIZATION MAY BRING AN ACTION UNDER THIS SECTION, ON  BEHALF
OF  ITSELF  OR  ANY OF ITS MEMBERS, OR ON BEHALF OF THOSE MEMBERS OF THE
GENERAL PUBLIC WHO HAVE BEEN INJURED BY REASON OF ANY VIOLATION OF  THIS
SECTION,  INCLUDING  A  VIOLATION  INVOLVING  GOODS OR SERVICES THAT THE
ORGANIZATION PURCHASED OR RECEIVED IN ORDER TO TEST OR  EVALUATE  QUALI-
TIES  PERTAINING TO USE FOR PERSONAL, HOUSEHOLD, OR FAMILY PURPOSES.  AN
ORGANIZATION MAY SEEK THE SAME REMEDIES AND DAMAGES THAT  A  PERSON  MAY
SEEK UNDER PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS SUBDIVISION.
  (I)  Notwithstanding  any law to the contrary, all monies recovered or
obtained under this article by a  state  agency  or  state  official  or
employee  acting in their official capacity shall be subject to subdivi-
sion eleven of section four of the state finance law.
  § 2. This act shall take effect on the sixtieth  day  after  it  shall
have become a law.

Co-Sponsors

view additional co-sponsors

S2407C (ACTIVE) - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A679
Current Committee:: Senate Consumer Protection
Law Section:: General Business Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §349, Gen Bus L
Versions Introduced in Other Legislative Sessions:: 2017-2018: S8131, A9824
2021-2022: A2495

S2407C (ACTIVE) - Summary

Relates to standing for persons affected by prohibited or unlawful business practices and expands prohibited acts to include unfair, deceptive or abusive acts.

S2407C (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

 
BILL NUMBER: S2407C             REVISED 10/15/2019

SPONSOR: COMRIE
 
TITLE OF BILL:  An act to amend the general business law, in relation
to standing for persons affected by prohibited or unlawful business
practices

 
PURPOSE:

To modernize general' business law to clearly define prohibited acts and
practices in the conduct of business, trade or commerce or services.

 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

This legislation defines prohibited acts and practices as any unfair,
deceptive or abusive acts or practices in the conduct of business, trade
or commerce or services. The general business law (GBL) is amended to
allow any person who has been injured by violation of this section to
bring an action to enjoin such unlawful act or practice, an action to
recover damages, or both regardless of whether or not the underlying
violation is consumer-oriented or has public impact. The GBL is further

amended to allow persons, if the prohibited act or practice has caused
damage to him/her or others, to bring an action compliant with article
nine of the civil practice law and rules; a non-profit organization may
seek the same remedies and damages as that of a person.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

New York's general business law is outdated and incapable of providing
the protections needed for modern commerce and service.  Although New
York is a leader in many areas of consumer protections, it lacks the
proper protections against unfair, deceptive or abusive acts; conse-
quently, our state lags behind general business statutes in at least 39
other states. This bill seeks to protect consumers against actions that
are likely to cause substantialinst injury, take advantage of vulnerable
consumers, and defends consumers against practices that are likely to
mislead under reasonable circumstances.

This bill also seeks to allow persons to recover statutory damages of
one thousand dollars in addition to actual and punitive damages, Indi-
vidual consumers and consumer attorneys are often reluctant to bring
actions against violators due to the prohibitive costs and time required
to bring litigation against perpetrators; essentially creating an envi-
ronment where, in practice,bad actors are free to engage in disreputable
conduct. Increasing the minimum amount of monies recoverable will
provide potential support for persons in seeking legal action against
violators.

This bill would bring New York's GBL in line with most other state stat-
utes by expanding consumer protections to protect against unfair, decep-
tive or abusive acts while providing a significant deterrent to dishon-
est and deceitful business entities that seek to take advantage of
consumers.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

Senate Bill 8131-A COMRIE / Assembly Bill 9824-A Niou of 2017-18.

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:
It is anticipated that the increased civil penalties and widened
protections proposed in the bill would result in an increase in monies
remitted to the State by violators and perpetrators.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the sixtieth day after it shall have
become law.

S2407C (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf


                    S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________

                                 2407--C
    Cal. No. 1093

                       2019-2020 Regular Sessions

                            I N  S E N A T E

                            January 24, 2019
                               ___________

Introduced  by Sens. COMRIE, BAILEY, BIAGGI, GIANARIS, HOYLMAN, JACKSON,
  KAVANAGH, KRUEGER, LIU,  MONTGOMERY,  MYRIE,  PARKER,  RAMOS,  RIVERA,
  SALAZAR, SEPULVEDA, SKOUFIS, THOMAS -- read twice and ordered printed,
  and  when  printed  to  be  committed  to  the  Committee  on Consumer
  Protection -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as
  amended and recommitted to said  committee  --  committee  discharged,
  bill  amended,  ordered  reprinted  as amended and recommitted to said
  committee -- reported favorably from said committee, ordered to  first
  and  second  report,  ordered  to a third reading, amended and ordered
  reprinted, retaining its place in the order of third reading

AN ACT to amend the general business law, in relation  to  standing  for
  persons affected by prohibited or unlawful business practices

  THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

  Section 1. Section 349 of the general business law, as added by  chap-
ter 43 of the laws of 1970, subdivision (h) as amended by chapter 157 of
the  laws  of 1984, and subdivision (j) as added by section 6 of part HH
of chapter 55 of the laws of 2014, is amended to read as follows:
  § 349. [Deceptive acts] PROHIBITED ACTS and  practices  unlawful.  (a)
[Deceptive] THIS SECTION PROHIBITS ANY UNFAIR, DECEPTIVE OR ABUSIVE acts
or practices in the conduct of any business, trade or commerce or in the
furnishing of any service [in this state are hereby declared unlawful].
  (1)  FOR  THE  PURPOSES  OF THIS SECTION, AN ACT OR PRACTICE IS UNFAIR
WHEN:
  (I) IT CAUSES OR IS LIKELY TO CAUSE SUBSTANTIAL INJURY, THE INJURY  IS
NOT  REASONABLY  AVOIDABLE, AND THE INJURY IS NOT OUTWEIGHED BY COUNTER-
VAILING BENEFITS; OR
  (II) IT TAKES UNREASONABLE ADVANTAGE OF THE INABILITY OF A  PERSON  TO
PROTECT HIS OR HER INTERESTS BECAUSE OF THE PERSON'S INFIRMITY, ILLITER-
ACY OR INABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE LANGUAGE OF AN AGREEMENT.

 EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                      [ ] is old law to be omitted.

                                                           LBD02255-08-9

S. 2407--C                          2

  (2)  FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, AN ACT OR PRACTICE IS DECEPTIVE
WHEN THE ACT OR PRACTICE MISLEADS OR IS LIKELY TO MISLEAD A  PERSON  AND
THE PERSON'S INTERPRETATION IS REASONABLE UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES.
  (3)  FOR  THE  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, AN ACT OR PRACTICE IS ABUSIVE
WHEN:
  (I) IT MATERIALLY INTERFERES WITH THE ABILITY OF A  PERSON  TO  UNDER-
STAND A TERM OR CONDITION OF A PRODUCT OR SERVICE; OR
  (II) TAKES UNREASONABLE ADVANTAGE OF:
  (A)  A PERSON'S LACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE MATERIAL RISKS, COSTS, OR
CONDITIONS OF THE PRODUCT OR SERVICE;
  (B) A PERSON'S INABILITY TO PROTECT HIS OR HER INTERESTS IN  SELECTING
OR USING A PRODUCT OR SERVICE; OR
  (C) A PERSON'S REASONABLE RELIANCE ON A PERSON COVERED BY THIS SECTION
TO ACT IN HIS OR HER INTERESTS.
  (b)  Whenever  the attorney general shall believe from evidence satis-
factory to him OR HER that any person, firm, corporation or  association
or agent or employee thereof has engaged in or is about to engage in any
of  the  acts  or  practices stated to be UNFAIR, unlawful, DECEPTIVE OR
ABUSIVE, he OR SHE may bring an action in the name and on behalf of  the
people  of  the  state of New York to enjoin such unlawful acts or prac-
tices and to obtain restitution  of  any  moneys  or  property  obtained
directly  or  indirectly by any such unlawful acts or practices. In such
action preliminary relief may be granted under  article  sixty-three  of
the  civil  practice law and rules.  SUCH ACTIONS MAY BE BROUGHT REGARD-
LESS OF WHETHER OR NOT THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION IS DIRECTED AT  INDIVID-
UALS  OR  BUSINESSES,  IS CONSUMER-ORIENTED, OR INVOLVES THE OFFERING OF
GOODS, SERVICES, OR PROPERTY FOR PERSONAL, FAMILY OR HOUSEHOLD PURPOSES.
  (c) Before any violation of this section is sought to be enjoined, the
attorney general shall be required to give the person against whom  such
proceeding  is  contemplated notice by certified mail and an opportunity
to show in writing within five business days after receipt of notice why
proceedings should not be instituted against  him  OR  HER,  unless  the
attorney  general  shall  find,  in  any  case  in which he OR SHE seeks
preliminary relief, that to give such notice and opportunity is  not  in
the public interest.
  (d)  In any such action it shall be a complete defense that the act or
practice is, or if in interstate  commerce  would  be,  subject  to  and
complies  with  the  rules and regulations of, and the statutes adminis-
tered by, the federal trade commission or any official department, divi-
sion, commission or agency of the United States  as  such  rules,  regu-
lations  or  statutes are interpreted by the federal trade commission or
such department, division, commission or agency or the federal courts.
  (e) Nothing in this section shall apply to  any  television  or  radio
broadcasting  station  or  to  any  publisher or printer of a newspaper,
magazine  or  other  form  of  printed  advertising,   who   broadcasts,
publishes, or prints the advertisement.
  (f) In connection with any proposed proceeding under this section, the
attorney general is authorized to take proof and make a determination of
the  relevant facts, and to issue subpoenas in accordance with the civil
practice law and rules.
  (g) This section shall apply to all [deceptive] PROHIBITED  acts  [or]
AND  practices  [declared to be unlawful], whether or not subject to any
other law of this state, and shall not supersede, amend  or  repeal  any
other  law  of this state under which the attorney general is authorized
to take any action or conduct any inquiry.

S. 2407--C                          3

  (h) (1) In addition to the right of action  granted  to  the  attorney
general  pursuant  to  this  section, any person who has been injured by
reason of any violation of this section may bring an action  in  his  OR
HER  own  name  to  enjoin  such  unlawful act or practice, an action to
recover  his  OR  HER actual damages [or fifty] AND STATUTORY DAMAGES OF
ONE THOUSAND dollars, [whichever is greater,] or both such actions. SUCH
ACTIONS MAY BE BROUGHT REGARDLESS  OF  WHETHER  OR  NOT  THE  UNDERLYING
VIOLATION IS CONSUMER-ORIENTED OR HAS A PUBLIC IMPACT. The court may, in
its  discretion,  increase  the  award  of  damages [to an amount not to
exceed three times the actual damages up to one  thousand  dollars,]  if
the  court  finds  the  defendant  willfully  or knowingly violated this
section. The court [may] SHALL  award  reasonable  attorney's  fees  AND
COSTS to a prevailing plaintiff.
  [(j)]  (I)  FOR  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, A "PERSON" IS DEFINED AS AN
INDIVIDUAL, FIRM, CORPORATION,  PARTNERSHIP,  COOPERATIVE,  ASSOCIATION,
COALITION OR ANY OTHER ORGANIZATION'S LEGAL ENTITY, OR GROUP OF INDIVID-
UALS HOWEVER ORGANIZED;
  (II) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION "NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION" IS DEFINED
AS  AN  ORGANIZATION  THAT  IS (1) NOT AN INDIVIDUAL; AND (2) IS NEITHER
ORGANIZED NOR OPERATING IN WHOLE, OR IN SIGNIFICANT PART, FOR PROFIT;
  (III) GIVEN THE REMEDIAL NATURE OF THIS SECTION, STANDING TO BRING  AN
ACTION  UNDER  THIS SECTION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ORGANIZATIONAL
STANDING AND THIRD-PARTY STANDING,  SHALL  BE  LIBERALLY  CONSTRUED  AND
SHALL BE AVAILABLE TO THE FULLEST EXTENT OTHERWISE PERMITTED BY LAW.
  (2)  ANY  INDIVIDUAL  OR  NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION ENTITLED TO BRING AN
ACTION UNDER THIS ARTICLE MAY, IF THE PROHIBITED  ACT  OR  PRACTICE  HAS
CAUSED DAMAGE TO OTHERS SIMILARLY SITUATED, BRING AN ACTION ON BEHALF OF
HIMSELF  OR  HERSELF AND SUCH OTHERS TO RECOVER ACTUAL, STATUTORY AND/OR
PUNITIVE DAMAGES OR OBTAIN OTHER RELIEF AS PROVIDED FOR IN THIS ARTICLE.
STATUTORY DAMAGES UNDER THIS SECTION WILL BE LIMITED TO (I) SUCH  AMOUNT
FOR  EACH  NAMED  PLAINTIFF AS COULD BE RECOVERED UNDER PARAGRAPH ONE OF
THIS SUBDIVISION; AND (II) SUCH AMOUNT AS THE COURT MAY  ALLOW  FOR  ALL
OTHER CLASS MEMBERS WITHOUT REGARD TO A MINIMUM INDIVIDUAL RECOVERY, NOT
TO EXCEED THE LESSER OF ONE MILLION DOLLARS OR TWO PER CENTUM OF THE NET
WORTH  OF THE BUSINESS.  THUS, ANY ACTION BROUGHT UNDER THIS SUBDIVISION
SHALL COMPLY WITH ARTICLE NINE OF THE CIVIL PRACTICE LAW AND RULES.
  (3) A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION MAY BRING AN ACTION UNDER THIS  SECTION,
ON BEHALF OF ITSELF OR ANY OF ITS MEMBERS, OR ON BEHALF OF THOSE MEMBERS
OF  THE  GENERAL PUBLIC WHO HAVE BEEN INJURED BY REASON OF ANY VIOLATION
OF THIS SECTION, INCLUDING A VIOLATION INVOLVING GOODS OR SERVICES  THAT
THE  NON-PROFIT  ORGANIZATION  PURCHASED OR RECEIVED IN ORDER TO TEST OR
EVALUATE QUALITIES PERTAINING TO USE FOR PERSONAL, HOUSEHOLD, OR  FAMILY
PURPOSES.    A  NON-PROFIT  ORGANIZATION  MAY SEEK THE SAME REMEDIES AND
DAMAGES THAT A PERSON MAY SEEK UNDER PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS SUBDIVISION.
  (4) BEFORE ANY VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION IS SOUGHT TO BE ENJOINED, THE
PERSON BRINGING THE ACTION SHALL BE REQUIRED TO GIVE THE PERSON  AGAINST
WHOM  SUCH ACTION IS CONTEMPLATED NOTICE BY CERTIFIED MAIL, TO THE PLACE
WHERE THE TRANSACTION OCCURRED OR TO THE  PRINCIPAL  PLACE  OF  BUSINESS
WITHIN THE STATE OF THE PERSON AGAINST WHOM SUCH ACTION IS CONTEMPLATED,
AND  AN  OPPORTUNITY  TO  SHOW IN WRITING WITHIN TEN BUSINESS DAYS AFTER
MAILING OF NOTICE WHY PROCEEDINGS SHOULD NOT BE INSTITUTED  AGAINST  HIM
OR  HER,  UNLESS,  IN  ANY  CASE  IN  WHICH THE PERSON SEEKS PRELIMINARY
RELIEF, THE GIVING OF SUCH NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY WOULD CAUSE  IMMEDIATE
AND IRREPARABLE INJURY, LOSS OR DAMAGES.
  (I)  Notwithstanding  any law to the contrary, all monies recovered or
obtained under this article by a  state  agency  or  state  official  or

S. 2407--C                          4

employee  acting in their official capacity shall be subject to subdivi-
sion eleven of section four of the state finance law.
  §  2.  This  act  shall take effect on the sixtieth day after it shall
have become a law.

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The New York State Senate

senate Bill S2407C

Sponsored By

Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Consumer Protection Committee

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Actions

Votes

May 30, 2019 - Consumer Protection committee Vote

Committee Vote: May 30, 2019

Bill Amendments

Co-Sponsors

S2407 - Details

S2407 - Summary

S2407 - Sponsor Memo

S2407 - Bill Text download pdf

Co-Sponsors

S2407A - Details

S2407A - Summary

S2407A - Sponsor Memo

S2407A - Bill Text download pdf

Co-Sponsors

S2407B - Details

S2407B - Summary

S2407B - Sponsor Memo

S2407B - Bill Text download pdf

Co-Sponsors

S2407C (ACTIVE) - Details

S2407C (ACTIVE) - Summary

S2407C (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

S2407C (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

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senate Bill S2407C

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Archive: Last Bill Status - In Senate Committee Consumer Protection Committee

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Votes

May 30, 2019 - Consumer Protection committee Vote

Committee Vote: May 30, 2019

Bill Amendments

Co-Sponsors

S2407 - Details

S2407 - Summary

S2407 - Sponsor Memo

S2407 - Bill Text download pdf

Co-Sponsors

S2407A - Details

S2407A - Summary

S2407A - Sponsor Memo

S2407A - Bill Text download pdf

Co-Sponsors

S2407B - Details

S2407B - Summary

S2407B - Sponsor Memo

S2407B - Bill Text download pdf

Co-Sponsors

S2407C (ACTIVE) - Details

S2407C (ACTIVE) - Summary

S2407C (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

S2407C (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

Comments