NY State Senate Bill S4524B

Archive: Last Bill Status Via A4950 - Signed by Governor

Introduced
In Committee
On Floor Calendar
- Passed Senate
- Passed Assembly
Delivered to Governor
Signed by Governor

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Actions

view actions (14)

	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
Aug 06, 2019	signed chap.145
Jul 31, 2019	delivered to governor
May 15, 2019	returned to assembly passed senate 3rd reading cal.408 substituted for s4524b
May 15, 2019	substituted by a4950b
May 07, 2019	amended on third reading 4524b
Apr 29, 2019	advanced to third reading
Apr 10, 2019	2nd report cal.
Apr 09, 2019	1st report cal.408
Apr 04, 2019	print number 4524a
Apr 04, 2019	amend (t) and recommit to transportation
Mar 14, 2019	referred to transportation

Votes

Bill Amendments

Original

B (Active)

Original

B (Active)

Co-Sponsors

S4524 - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A4950
Law Section:: Vehicle and Traffic Law
Laws Affected:: Amd V & T L, generally; amd §371, Gen Muni L; amd §87, Pub Off L; amd §§1604, 1709, 2503, 2554 & 2590-h, Ed L

S4524 - Summary

Relates to school bus safety cameras; relates to owner liability for failure of operator to stop for a school bus displaying a red visual signal and stop-arm; authorizes school districts to enter into agreements with municipalities for the installation and use of school bus photo violation monitoring systems; makes related provisions.

S4524 - Sponsor Memo

 
BILL NUMBER: S4524

SPONSOR: KENNEDY
 
TITLE OF BILL:  An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in
relation to school bus photo violation monitoring systems and owner
liability for failure of operator to stop for a school bus displaying a
red visual signal; to amend the general municipal law, in relation to
jurisdiction and procedure; to amend the public officers law, in
relation to certain photographs, videotapes or other recorded images; to
amend the education law, in relation to authorizing school districts to
enter into agreements with municipalities for the installation and use
of school bus photo violation monitoring systems; and providing for the
repeal of such provisions upon expiration thereof

 
PURPOSE OR GENERAL IDEA OF BILL:

This legislation is intended to protect the health, safety, and welfare
of schoolchildren riding school buses.

 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

Sections 1 through 8-g amend provisions of Article 2-B of the Vehicle
and Traffic Law (VTL) in relation to parking violations bureau adjudi-
cation of notices of liability issued for the failure of motor vehicle
operators to comply with VTL § 1174 (overtaking and passing stopped
school buses displaying red visual signals);

Section 9 establishes a demonstration program authorizing counties not
wholly contained with a city, cities, towns and villages to enact local
laws or ordinances imposing liability on vehicle owners for the failure
of motor vehicle operators to comply with VTL § 1174 (overtaking and
passing stopped school buses displaying red visual signals), within
parameters established by this section. The demonstration program would
empower these municipalities to install and operate school bus photo
violation monitoring systems (stationary or mobile), which could be
installed on school buses owned or operated by the school district with-
in the municipality pursuant to an agreement. All costs would be borne
by the municipalities subject to the agreements;

Sections 10 through 11-f amend VTL §§ 1809 and 1809-e to exempt notices
of liability issued under the school bus photo violation monitoring
demonstration program from mandatory State traffic ticket surcharges;

Section 12 amends VTL § 1803 to provide for the distribution of fines
and penalties collected under demonstration programs established by
counties;

Sections 13 through 13-d amend General Municipal Law (GML) § 371 in
relation to traffic violations bureau adjudication of notices of liabil-
ity issued for the failure of motor vehicle operators to comply with VTL
§ 1174 (overtaking and passing stopped school buses displaying red visu-
al signals);

Sections 14 and 14-a amend GML § 371(2) in relation to Nassau and
Suffolk County traffic and parking violations agencies' assistance to
the respective counties' district courts in the disposition and adminis-
tration of liability of motor vehicle owners for operators' failure to
comply with VTL § 1174 (overtaking and passing stopped school buses
displaying red visual signals);
Section 15 amends Public Officers Law § 87 to exempt photographs, micro-
photographs, videotape, or other recorded images prepared under the
school bus photo violation monitoring demonstration program from freedom
of information law disclosure;

Section 16 requires that the purchase or lease of equipment for the
school bus photo violation monitoring demonstration program be subject
to GML § 103 (relating to procurement requirements);

Sections 17 through 21 amend Education Law §§ 1604, 1709, 2503, 2554,
and 2590-h to authorize common school districts, union free school
districts, city school districts in cities with a population below
125,000, city school districts in cities with a population above
125,000, and the New York City school district to enter agreements with
municipalities within such districts for the installation and use of
school bus photo violation monitoring systems;

Section 22 adds a provision to the Unconsolidated Law regarding agree-
ments between municipalities and school districts;

Section 23 adds a provision to the Unconsolidated Law relating to the
issuance of warning notices to motor vehicle owners; and

Section 24 provides that the law would take effect 30 days after enact-
ment, and expire and be deemed repealed December 1, 2023.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Under current law, a ticket for illegally passing a stopped school bus
displaying a red visual signal can be issued only by a police officer
who witnesses the violation. This bill provides for additional enforce-
ment options by authorizing a demonstration program to allow local
governments to impose liability on the owners of motor vehicles for the
failure of the drivers of such vehicles to comply with the law prohibit-
ing the overtaking and passing of stopped school buses displaying red
visual signals. The program allows for the use of mobile cameras mounted
on school buses, as well as stationary cameras, with the cost to be
borne solely by the municipalities.

Many efforts in New York State have already been undertaken to combat
this problem, with some positive results, such as OPERATION SAFE STOP.
However, the number of violations continues to be alarming. A recent
one-day survey done by the NYS Association for School Pupil Transporta-
tion yielded astounding results and underscores the need for this legis-
lation. On May 1st, 2013, the Association found that the 236 school bus
drivers in 21 school districts in New York in rural, urban and small
city settings that participated in the survey reported 306 illegal pass-
es including 6 "right side" passes. That represents an average of 1.28
illegal passes per school bus. That number, if extrapolated, would bring
the estimated number of illegal passes in the State to over 64,000 on
that date alone.  Other studies have estimated that more than 50,000
drivers throughout New York on a single school day illegally pass
stopped school buses.

New York has long recognized the paramount importance of protecting
school children transported on school buses, with strong laws and regu-
lations governing school bus operation and safety equipment, school bus
driver qualifications and training, and mandatory stops by other motor-
ists. The use of school bus photo violation monitoring systems (cameras)
is necessary to prevent further deaths and injuries caused by dangerous
motorists who ignore current law. Several other states, including Geor-
gia, Maryland, North Carolina, Iowa, Virginia, Connecticut, and Washing-
ton, have enacted legislation similar to this bill in response to a
growing national concern over illegal passing, or "stop arm violations."
This bill will expand the enforcement tools available in New York to
further address this issue, and will significantly lessen the numbers of
violations that continue to compromise the health, safety and well-being
of our students.

 
PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

2013-2014: A.7350-A,
2015-2016: A.1520-C,
2017-18: A.321-B

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS FOR STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:

Unknown.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall have
become a law and shall expire December 1, 2023 when upon such date the
provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed; provided that any such
local law as may be enacted pursuant to this act shall remain in full
force and effect only until December 1, 2023.

S4524 - Bill Text download pdf


                    S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________

                                  4524

                       2019-2020 Regular Sessions

                            I N  S E N A T E

                             March 14, 2019
                               ___________

Introduced  by  Sen. KENNEDY -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
  printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation

AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in relation to  school  bus
  photo  violation monitoring systems and owner liability for failure of
  operator to stop for a school bus displaying a red visual  signal;  to
  amend  the  general  municipal  law,  in  relation to jurisdiction and
  procedure; to amend the public officers law, in  relation  to  certain
  photographs,  videotapes or other recorded images; to amend the educa-
  tion law, in relation to authorizing school districts  to  enter  into
  agreements  with municipalities for the installation and use of school
  bus photo violation monitoring systems; and providing for  the  repeal
  of such provisions upon expiration thereof

  THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

  Section 1. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of  the  vehicle  and  traffic
law,  as  amended  by  section  1 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is
amended to read as follows:
  1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general,  special
or  local  law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which
heretofore or hereafter is authorized  to  establish  an  administrative
tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti-
tuting  parking,  standing  or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-a  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven hundred eleven-b of this
chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twenty,  [twenty-one,]
and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine, or to adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred

 EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                      [ ] is old law to be omitted.

                                                           LBD09710-04-9

S. 4524                             2

eleven-d  of  this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR
VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
or  to  adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision
(d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance  with
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of  toll  collection  regulations  as
defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand
nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law and sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or  to  adjudicate  liability  of
owners  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap-
ter for violations of bus lane restrictions as  defined  in  subdivision
(b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of such section, or to adjudicate the liabil-
ity of owners for violations of section eleven hundred  eighty  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap-
ter,  such  tribunal  and  the  rules and regulations pertaining thereto
shall be constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with  the  following
sections.
  §  1-a.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
section 1-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
eleven of this  chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred
eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
ty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or to
adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF  OWNERS  FOR
VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance  with  section
eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane
restrictions as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the  liability
of  owners  for  violations  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, such tribunal and the rules and
regulations pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in  substantial
conformance with the following sections.

S. 4524                             3

  §  1-b.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
section 1-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with
sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws  of
two  thousand  nine,  or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners for
violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
sion  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR  TO  ADJUDICATE
THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or to adjudicate the liability of owners  for
violations  of  toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord-
ance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-
five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in  accordance  with
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus
lane restrictions as defined in  such  section,  or  to  adjudicate  the
liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
(g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance  with
section  eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, such tribunal and the
rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in
substantial conformance with the following sections.
  §  1-c.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
section 1-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e  of  this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR
VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
or to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of  toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
fifty,  or  to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  for  violations  of  bus  lane

S. 4524                             4

restrictions  as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability
of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, such tribunal and the rules and
regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in substantial
conformance with the following sections.
  § 1-d. Section 235 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
section  1-d  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF  OWNERS  FOR
VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners for violations  of  subdivi-
sions  (c)  and  (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter,  such
tribunal  and  the  rules  and  regulations  pertaining thereto shall be
constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
  § 1-e. Section 235 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
section  1-e  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF  OWNERS  FOR
VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
fifty, such tribunal and the rules and  regulations  pertaining  thereto
shall  be  constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with the following
sections.

S. 4524                             5

  § 1-f. Section 235 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
section  1-f  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY
OF  OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS
CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
fifty, such tribunal and the rules and  regulations  pertaining  thereto
shall  be  constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with the following
sections.
  § 1-g. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
amended  by  chapter 715 of the laws of 1972 and chapter 379 of the laws
of 1992, is amended to read as follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, OR TO
ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS  FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or to adjudicate  the  liability
of  owners  for  violations of toll collection regulations as defined in
and in accordance with the  provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine
hundred   eighty-five   of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, such tribunal and the  rules  and
regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in substantial
conformance with the following sections.
  § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic  law,  as
amended  by  section 2 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
subdivision  (a)  of  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
added  by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine,  or  subdivision  (a)  of  section
eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION (A)  OF  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, shall adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred  eleven  of  this chapter in accordance with such section eleven
hundred eleven-a, sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by  sections

S. 4524                             6

sixteen  of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of
two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section  eleven
hundred  eleven-e  and  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of owners for
violations  of  toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord-
ance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-
five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
hundred fifty and shall adjudicate liability  of  owners  in  accordance
with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of
bus lane restrictions as defined in such section  AND  SHALL  ADJUDICATE
LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-
FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for
violations  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter. Such tribunal, except in a city with  a  popu-
lation of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned
vehicle  violations.  For  the  purposes  of  this  article,  a  parking
violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing  for
or  regulating  the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addi-
tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
the commissioner of traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official  possessing
authority as such a commissioner.
  § 2-a. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
added  by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine,  or  subdivision  (a)  of  section
eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION (A)  OF  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, shall adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred  eleven  of this chapter in accordance with such sections eleven
hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twen-
ty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of  two  thousand  nine  or  section
eleven  hundred  eleven-d  or section eleven hundred eleven-e; and shall
adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-c of this chapter for violations  of  bus  lane  restrictions  as
defined  in  such  section  AND  SHALL ADJUDICATE LIABILITY OF OWNERS IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER
and shall adjudicate liability of owners for violations of  subdivisions
(c)  and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
ance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter.  For  the
purposes  of  this  article, a parking violation is the violation of any
law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,  stop-
ping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article,
"commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the
city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner.

S. 4524                             7

  § 2-b. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d or subdivision (a) of
section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF
SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, shall adjudicate
liability of owners in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c
of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in
such  section;  and  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners   for
violations  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter. For the purposes of this  article,  a  parking
violation  is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for
or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle.  In  addi-
tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
the  commissioner  of  traffic  of  the  city  or an official possessing
authority as such a commissioner.
  § 2-c. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to  subdivision  (a)
of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION (A) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, shall have juris-
diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation  and
shall  adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter.
For  the  purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation
of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,
stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
sioner.
  § 2-d. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
and,  where  authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a)
of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, shall have juris-
diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation. For
the  purposes  of  this article, a parking violation is the violation of
any law, rule or regulation providing for  or  regulating  the  parking,
stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
sioner.

S. 4524                             8

  § 2-e. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  OR SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traf-
fic infractions which constitute a parking violation. For  the  purposes
of  this  article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule
or regulation providing for  or  regulating  the  parking,  stopping  or
standing  of  a  vehicle.  In  addition  for  purposes  of this article,
"commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the
city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
  § 2-f. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
  1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
and WHERE AUTHORIZED BY LOCAL LAW ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, shall have juris-
diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation. For
the purposes of this article, a parking violation is  the  violation  of
any  law,  rule  or  regulation providing for or regulating the parking,
stopping or standing of a vehicle. In  addition  for  purposes  of  this
article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
fic  of  the  city or an official possessing authority as such a commis-
sioner.
  § 3. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a
new subdivision 16 to read as follows:
  16. TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, IF  AUTHORIZED  BY  LOCAL
LAW  ADOPTED  PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF SUCH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A.
  § 4. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of  the  vehicle  and
traffic law, as amended by section 4 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
is amended to read as follows:
  f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven  of  this  article,
but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
to  authorization  set  forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by
sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the
laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred  eleven-d  of  this
chapter,  or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, and shall not  be  deemed
to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section two thousand
nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law and sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not be deemed to include
a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c
of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability
issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter.
  § 4-a. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-a of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:

S. 4524                             9

  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article but
shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this
chapter  as  added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,]
and twenty-two of the laws  of  two  thousand  nine  or  section  eleven
hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter or section eleven hundred eleven-e of
this chapter OR SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
to  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of this chapter and shall not be
deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section elev-
en hundred eighty-b of this chapter.
  § 4-b. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-b of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
forth  in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR TO A NOTICE
OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEV-
EN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER and shall  not  be  deemed  to
include  a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred
eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice  of
liability  issued  pursuant  to  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this
chapter.
  § 4-c. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-c of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
forth  in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR TO A NOTICE
OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEV-
EN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER and shall  not  be  deemed  to
include  a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter.
  § 4-d. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-d of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
forth  in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR TO A NOTICE
OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEV-
EN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
  § 4-e. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-e of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and

S. 4524                            10

shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
ter OR TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  AUTHORIZATION  SET
FORTH IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
  §  4-f. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
traffic law, as added by chapter 180 of the laws of 1980, is amended  to
read as follows:
  f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article AND
SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT  TO
AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER.
  §  5. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 5 of chapter 222 of the  laws  of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
sixteen  of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of
two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
section eleven hundred eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  OR  SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER, for a violation of subdivision
(d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such alle-
gation, or a  person  alleged  to  be  liable  in  accordance  with  the
provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
chapter seven hundred seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred
fifty,  or  a  person  alleged  to  be  liable  in  accordance  with the
provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
violation  of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section contests
such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the
provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b  of  this  chapter  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter  contests  such  allegation,  the  bureau
shall  advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as
the director may direct of the date on which he or she  must  appear  to
answer  the  charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of
hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning
to advise the person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on
the date designated, or on  any  subsequent  adjourned  date,  shall  be
deemed  an  admission  of  liability, and that a default judgment may be
entered thereon.
  1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
sixteen  of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of
two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  OR SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability  in
accordance  with  section  two  thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty
or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance

S. 4524                            11

with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  is   being
contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits
has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue
any  notice  of  fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the
hearing.
  § 5-a. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
fic  law,  as amended by section 5-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
violation  enters  a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable
in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this  chapter  as
added  by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred  eleven-d
of  this  chapter  or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER for a violation of
subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter,  or  a
person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane
restriction as defined in such section contests such  allegation,  or  a
person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter for violations of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter contests such  allegation,  the  bureau  shall  advise  such  person
personally  by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct
of the date on which he or she must appear to answer  the  charge  at  a
hearing.  The  form  and  content  of  such  notice  of hearing shall be
prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning  to  advise  the
person  so  pleading  or  contesting  that failure to appear on the date
designated, or on any subsequent adjourned  date,  shall  be  deemed  an
admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
eon.
  1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  as
added  by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section elev-
en hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with section elev-
en  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  OR  SECTION   ELEVEN   HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability in accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an  allega-
tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
this chapter is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion  and  a
hearing  upon  the  merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held,
the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that  person
prior to the date of the hearing.
  §  5-b. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
fic law, as amended by section 5-b of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter OR
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or  in  accordance
with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter
for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined  in  such  section,
contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance

S. 4524                            12

with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev-
en hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation,  the  bureau
shall  advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as
the director may direct of the date on which he or she  must  appear  to
answer  the  charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of
hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning
to advise the person so pleading that failure  to  appear  on  the  date
designated,  or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned date, shall be deemed an
admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
eon.
  1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter OR
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or  in  accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of
liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this
chapter is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a  hear-
ing  upon  the  merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the
bureau shall not issue any notice of fine  or  penalty  to  that  person
prior to the date of the hearing.
  §  5-c. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
fic law, as amended by section 5-c of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be  liable
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or a
person  alleged  to  be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or a  person
alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
(d),  (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred  eighty of this chapter
contests such allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally
by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the  date
on  which  he  or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The
form and content of such notice of hearing shall be  prescribed  by  the
director,  and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading
that failure to appear on the date  designated,  or  on  any  subsequent
adjourned  date,  shall  be deemed an admission of liability, and that a
default judgment may be entered thereon.
  1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in  accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR THE BUREAU
HAS  BEEN  NOTIFIED  THAT  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or the bureau has
been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, is being contested, by a person
in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but
has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine  or
penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing.

S. 4524                            13

  §  5-d. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
fic law, as amended by section 5-d of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be  liable
in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter
contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such alle-
gation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE  LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION,
the bureau shall advise such person personally by  such  form  of  first
class  mail  as  the  director may direct of the date on which he or she
must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and  content  of
such  notice  of  hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall
contain a warning to advise the  person  so  pleading  that  failure  to
appear  on  the  date  designated,  or on any subsequent adjourned date,
shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a  default  judgment
may be entered thereon.
  1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter,  is
being  contested,  or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of
liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
chapter,  is  being  contested,  OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN
ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, IS BEING CONTESTED, by a person in  a  timely
fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet
been  held,  the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to
that person prior to the date of the hearing.
  § 5-e. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
fic  law,  as amended by section 5-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter
contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH
ALLEGATION,  the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form
of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on  which  he
or  she  must  appear  to  answer  the charge at a hearing. The form and
content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by  the  director,
and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that fail-
ure to appear on the date designated, or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned
date,  shall  be  deemed  an  admission of liability, and that a default
judgment may be entered thereon.
  1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, is
being contested, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN  ALLEGATION  OF
LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF
THIS CHAPTER, IS BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion and  a
hearing  upon  the  merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held,
the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that  person
prior to the date of the hearing.
  §  5-f. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
fic law, subdivision 1 as added by chapter 715 of the laws of  1972  and

S. 4524                            14

subdivision 1-a as added by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE  LIABLE
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date
on which he OR SHE must appear to answer the charge at  a  hearing.  The
form  and  content  of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the
director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person  so  pleading
that  failure  to  appear  on  the date designated, or on any subsequent
adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability,  and  that  a
default judgment may be entered thereon.
  1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
entered, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAP-
TER,  IS  BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing
upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau
shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that  person  prior  to
the date of the hearing.
  § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle
and  traffic  law, as amended by section 6 of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
ty,  [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or
an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand  nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in  accord-
ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega-
tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
this chapter, shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with
rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
ty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  in
accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter is
contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this
chapter is contested OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED or of a hearing at which liabil-
ity in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of
the   public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
hundred fifty is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accord-
ance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or a hearing
at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
this chapter is contested. Recording devices may be used for the  making
of the record.

S. 4524                            15

  § 6-a. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle  and  traffic  law,  as amended by section 6-a of chapter 222 of the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
or an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred
eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
ty,  [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or
an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter,  shall  be  held
before  a  hearing  examiner  in  accordance  with rules and regulations
promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
hearing at which liability in accordance with  sections  eleven  hundred
eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
ty,  [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or
of a hearing at  which  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or a hearing at which liability in
accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  is
contested.  Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
  § 6-b. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle  and  traffic  law,  as amended by section 6-b of chapter 222 of the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability in accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an  allega-
tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
this chapter or an allegation of liability in  accordance  with  section
eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter shall be
held  before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations
promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR OF A
HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or of a hearing at which liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of  a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-d of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability  in  accord-
ance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or a hearing
at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
this chapter is contested.  Recording devices may be used for the making
of the record.
  § 6-c. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-c of  chapter  222  of  the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability in  accord-
ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega-

S. 4524                            16

tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter shall be held before  a  hearing
examiner  in  accordance  with  rules and regulations promulgated by the
bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR OF A
HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or of a hearing at which liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of  a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-d of this chapter or a hearing at which liability  in  accordance
with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this chapter is contested.
Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
  § 6-d. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-d of  chapter  222  of  the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability in  accord-
ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega-
tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
this  chapter shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with
rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not  guilty  or  a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-d of this chapter is contested OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
or a hearing at  which  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred  eleven-e of this chapter is contested. Recording devices may be
used for the making of the record.
  § 6-e. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-e of  chapter  222  of  the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held
before  a  hearing  examiner  in  accordance  with rules and regulations
promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not  guilty  or  a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter is contested OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER IS
CONTESTED.  Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
  § 6-f. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws  of  1972,  are
amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a  hearing  examiner
in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
  g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR A
HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED.  Recording devices may be
used for the making of the record.

S. 4524                            17

  § 7. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the  vehicle  and  traffic
law,  as  amended  by  section 7 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-a of this
chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
chapter  as  added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,]
and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  in  accordance  with
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or the record of
liabilities incurred  in  accordance  with  section  two  thousand  nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty of the person charged, or the  record  of
liabilities  incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c
of this chapter, or the record of  liabilities  incurred  in  accordance
with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter, as applicable
prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations  sustain-
ing or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll
maintained  by  the  bureau  together  with  records showing payment and
nonpayment of penalties.
  2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter  or  in  accordance
with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter as added by
sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the
laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
eleven-d  of  this  chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or  fails to contest an allegation of
liability in accordance with section two thousand nine  hundred  eighty-
five  of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
hundred fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accord-
ance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to
contest an allegation of liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  or fails to appear on a designated
hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after  a  hearing  to
comply  with  the  determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
this article or by rule or regulation of the  bureau,  such  failure  to
plead or contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
the  bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original   date
prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and before a default judgment may be
rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the  violation  charged,
or  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
chapter  as  added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,]
and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  in  accordance  with

S. 4524                            18

section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER alleged or liabil-
ity  in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b   and
sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
hundred fifty alleged or liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter alleged, (2) of the impending
default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil
Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation  of  liability
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in
accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as
added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and  twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section elev-
en hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or contesting  an  allegation  of
liability  in  accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and
sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
hundred fifty or contesting an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an
allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
y-b of this chapter, as appropriate,  or  making  an  appearance  within
thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and allegations
contested  within  that  period shall be in the manner prescribed in the
notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.  Such  notice  of
impending  default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering
and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who  are  non-resi-
dents  of  the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be
rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default  judgment  be
sent,  more  than  two years after the expiration of the time prescribed
for entering a plea or contesting  an  allegation.  When  a  person  has
demanded  a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason,
prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall  make
a  determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose
no greater penalty  or  fine  than  those  upon  which  the  person  was
originally charged.
  §  7-a. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 7-a of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
incurred  in  accordance  with  sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twenty,  [twenty-one,]
and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or  in  accordance  with
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER  of  the  person
charged,  or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in accordance with

S. 4524                            19

section eleven hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter,  or  the  record  of
liabilities  incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b
of this chapter, as applicable prior to rendering a final determination.
Final  determinations  sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered
on a final determination roll maintained by  the  bureau  together  with
records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter as added by
sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the
laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
eleven-d  of  this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  or fails to contest an allegation of
liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this
chapter,  or  fails  to  contest  an allegation of liability incurred in
accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  or
fails  to  appear  on  a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned
date or fails after a hearing to comply  with  the  determination  of  a
hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation
of the bureau, such failure to plead, contest, appear or comply shall be
deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds
for  rendering  and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by
the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after  the  expiration
of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default
judgment  may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the
applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form
of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of  the  violation
charged,  or  liability  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred
eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
ty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  in
accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  OR  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of  this
chapter  or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b
of this chapter alleged, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that
such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the  city  in  which
the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or
any  other  place  provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the
state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by  entering  a
plea  or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability  in  accordance with
sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
sixteen  of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of
two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-d
of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
this   chapter,   OR   IN   ACCORDANCE   WITH   SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or contesting an allegation of liability
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of  this  chapter  or
contesting  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
hundred eighty-b of this chapter as appropriate, or making an appearance
within thirty days of the sending of  such  notice.  Pleas  entered  and
allegations  contested  within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.
Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who

S. 4524                            20

are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall  a  default
judgment  be  rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time
prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  or  contesting an allegation. When a
person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be  imposed  for
any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
shall  make  a  determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she
shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
was originally charged.
  § 7-b. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
law,  as  amended by section 7-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
amended to read as follows:
  1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the
person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER  OF  THE  PERSON
CHARGED,  or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the  person  charged,
or  the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities  incurred
in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, as
applicable, prior to rendering a  final  determination.  Final  determi-
nations  sustaining  or  dismissing  charges shall be entered on a final
determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records  show-
ing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation or CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, OR contest
an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or  contest  an allegation of liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter,  or
fails  to  contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or fails to contest an  allega-
tion  of  liability  incurred  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter, or fails to appear  on  a  designated  hearing
date  or  subsequent  adjourned  date or fails after a hearing to comply
with the determination of a hearing  examiner,  as  prescribed  by  this
article  or  by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead,
appear or comply shall be deemed, for  all  purposes,  an  admission  of
liability  and  shall  be  grounds  for rendering and entering a default
judgment in an amount provided by  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the
bureau.  However,  after  the expiration of the original date prescribed
for entering a plea and before a default judgment may  be  rendered,  in
such  case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law
notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail  as  the
commission  may  direct;  (1)  of the violation charged, OR LIABILITY IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
or  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
chapter, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
of this chapter, or alleged liability in accordance with section  eleven
hundred eleven-c of this chapter or alleged liability in accordance with
section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, (2) of the impending
default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil

S. 4524                            21

Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
be  avoided  by entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
or contesting an allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with  section
eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allegation of
liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this
chapter  or  contesting  an  allegation  of liability in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allega-
tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
this  chapter  or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending
of such notice. Pleas entered within that period shall be in the  manner
prescribed  in  the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or  owners  who
are  non-residents  of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of  impending  default
judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time
prescribed for entering a plea.  When a person has demanded  a  hearing,
no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding
of  the  hearing.  If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on
the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater  penalty
or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged.
  §  7-c. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 7-c of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this
chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED  IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER OF
THE  PERSON CHARGED, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-e  of  this  chapter  of  the  person
charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, as applicable, prior to render-
ing a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing
charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the
bureau  together  with  records showing payment and nonpayment of penal-
ties.
  2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
parking  violation  or  CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,  OR  contest
an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter  or  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or fails
to  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  incurred  in accordance with
section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or fails to appear on  a
designated  hearing  date  or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a
hearing to comply with the  determination  of  a  hearing  examiner,  as
prescribed  by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such
failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and  regulations  of

S. 4524                            22

the   bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original  date
prescribed for entering a plea and before  a  default  judgment  may  be
rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged OR
LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF
THIS  CHAPTER  or  liability  in  accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter or liability in accordance with section  eleven
hundred eleven-d of this chapter or liability in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter alleged, (2) of the impending
default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil
Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
be avoided by entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of
liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this
chapter or contesting an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with
section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or making an appearance
within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas  entered  within
that  period  shall  be  in  the manner prescribed in the notice and not
subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of  impending  default
judgment  shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof
in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of
New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be  rendered  or,  where
required,  a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two
years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering  a  plea.
When  a  person  has  demanded  a  hearing,  no fine or penalty shall be
imposed for any reason, prior to the holding  of  the  hearing.  If  the
hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining
them, he shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those  upon  which
the person was originally charged.
  §  7-d. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 7-d of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
the prior  parking  violations  record  OR  THE  RECORD  OF  LIABILITIES
INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF
THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED or the record of liabilities incurred
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this  chapter  of
the  person  charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of  this  chapter  of  the  person
charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination.  Final
determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing charges shall be entered on a
final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with  records
showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation or CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, OR contest
an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or  contest  an  allegation of liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or fails

S. 4524                            23

to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned  date  or
fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering
and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the  rules  and
regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged OR
LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF
THIS CHAPTER or liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e of this chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter alleged, (2) of the impending
default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil
Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
be avoided by entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of
liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this
chapter or making an appearance within thirty days  of  the  sending  of
such  notice.    Pleas entered within that period shall be in the manner
prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.
Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who
are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall  a  default
judgment  be  rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time
prescribed for entering a plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no
fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of
the  hearing.  If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the
charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no  greater  penalty  or  fine
than those upon which the person was originally charged.
  §  7-e. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 7-e of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that  the  charges  have been sustained he or she may examine the
prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  of  the
person  charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination
OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, AS APPLI-
CABLE, PRIOR TO RENDERING A FINAL DETERMINATION.   Final  determinations
sustaining  or  dismissing  charges shall be entered on a final determi-
nation roll maintained by  the  bureau  together  with  records  showing
payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or contest
an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred

S. 4524                            24

eleven-e of this chapter or fails to appear on a designated hearing date
or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the
determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by
rule  or  regulation  of  the  bureau,  such failure to plead, appear or
comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability  and
shall  be  grounds  for  rendering and entering a default judgment in an
amount provided by the rules and regulations  of  the  bureau.  However,
after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
and  before  a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau
shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such  operator
or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
(1)  of  the  violation  charged or liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN  ACCORD-
ANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, (2) of
the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will  be  entered
in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established,
or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the
entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
chapter  OR  CONTESTING  AN  ALLEGATION  OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or  making  an
appearance  within  thirty  days  of  the  sending of such notice. Pleas
entered within that period shall be in  the  manner  prescribed  in  the
notice  and  not  subject  to  additional penalty or fee. Such notice of
impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the  rendering
and  entry  thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-resi-
dents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be
rendered  or,  where required, a notice of impending default judgment be
sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time  prescribed
for  entering  a plea.  When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or
penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to  the  holding  of  the
hearing.  If  the  hearing  examiner  shall  make a determination on the
charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no  greater  penalty  or  fine
than those upon which the person was originally charged.
  §  7-f. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, subdivision 1 as added by chapter 715  of  the  laws  of  1972  and
subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that  the  charges  have been sustained he OR SHE may examine the
prior parking violations record OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER of
the person charged, AS APPLICABLE, prior to rendering a  final  determi-
nation.  Final  determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be
entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau  together
with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to
appear on a designated hearing date  or  subsequent  adjourned  date  or
fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering

S. 4524                            25

and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the  rules  and
regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
class  mail  as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged,
(2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such  judgment  will  be
entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  making  an
appearance  within  thirty  days  of  the  sending of such notice. Pleas
entered within that period shall be in  the  manner  prescribed  in  the
notice  and  not  subject  to  additional penalty or fee. Such notice of
impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the  rendering
and  entry  thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-resi-
dents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be
rendered  or,  where required, a notice of impending default judgment be
sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time  prescribed
for  entering  a  plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or
penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to  the  holding  of  the
hearing.  If  the  hearing  examiner  shall  make a determination on the
charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no  greater  penalty  or  fine
than those upon which the person was originally charged.
  § 8. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of chapter 222
of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
of there is a certification from a  court,  parking  violations  bureau,
traffic  and  parking  violations  agency  or administrative tribunal of
appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
trative  tribunal  following  entry of a final decision in response to a
total of three or more summonses or  other  process  in  the  aggregate,
issued  within  an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such
motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor  vehi-
cle  was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without
being licensed as a motor vehicle for  hire  by  the  appropriate  local
authority,  in  violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by  a  local  authority;  or
(ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-a,  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  or section eleven hundred
eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter;  or (iii) the registrant was
liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
ter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane  restriction as defined in such
section, or (iv) the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section
eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
(c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or (v)  the
registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c
of  this  chapter  for  a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section
eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter;  OR  (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION

S. 4524                            26

ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his  or
her  agent  shall deny the registration or renewal application until the
applicant  provides proof from the court, traffic and parking violations
agency or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are  pending  that
an  appearance  or answer has been made or in the case of an administra-
tive tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations
of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an  applica-
tion is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or
her  discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other
person for the same vehicle and  may  deny  a  registration  or  renewal
application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
entry of a final decision.
  § 8-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401  of  the  vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 8-a of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
trative  tribunal  following  entry of a final decision in response to a
total of three or more summonses or  other  process  in  the  aggregate,
issued  within  an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such
motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor  vehi-
cle  was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without
being licensed as a motor vehicle for  hire  by  the  appropriate  local
authority,  in  violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by  a  local  authority;  or
(ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-b  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter;  or  (iii)  the  registrant  was
liable  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap-
ter for a violation of  a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined  in  such
section;  or  (iv)  the registrant was liable in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
(d)  of  section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter or (v) the regis-
trant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of
this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (v) the registrant was
liable  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chap-
ter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of  section
eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
chapter; OR (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his or
her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application  until  the

S. 4524                            27

applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
ein  the  charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made
or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied
with  the  rules  and  regulations of said tribunal following entry of a
final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a  registration  or
renewal  application  to  any  other person for the same vehicle and may
deny a registration or renewal application for any other  motor  vehicle
registered  in  the  name  of  the  applicant where the commissioner has
determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the  purposes
of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
believe  that  such  registration  or  renewal  will  have the effect of
defeating the purposes of  this  subdivision.  Such  denial  shall  only
remain  in  effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the
case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply  with
the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
  §  8-b.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 8-b of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped
or  standing,  or  that  such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the
registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of  the
provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in  accord-
ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for a
violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section; or (iii)
the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-d  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable
in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a
violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
hundred  eighty of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accord-
ance with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter; or (v)  the  registrant  was  liable  in
accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter;  OR  (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his  or
her  agent  shall deny the registration or renewal application until the
applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
ein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has  been  made
or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied
with  the  rules  and  regulations of said tribunal following entry of a
final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a  registration  or
renewal  application  to  any  other person for the same vehicle and may

S. 4524                            28

deny a registration or renewal application for any other  motor  vehicle
registered  in  the  name  of  the  applicant where the commissioner has
determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the  purposes
of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
believe  that  such  registration  or  renewal  will  have the effect of
defeating the purposes of  this  subdivision.  Such  denial  shall  only
remain  in  effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the
case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply  with
the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
  §  8-c.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 8-c of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped
or  standing,  or  that  such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the
registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of  the
provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in  accord-
ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter  for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter;  or  (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for  violations  of  subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter,  or  the  registrant  was  liable in accordance with section eleven
hundred eighty-c of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
(d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty  of  this  chapter;  or
(iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; OR (V) THE REGISTRANT WAS  LIABLE
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
FOR  A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER,
the commissioner or his or her agent  shall  deny  the  registration  or
renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or
administrative  tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appear-
ance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative  tribu-
nal  that  he OR SHE has complied with the rules and regulations of said
tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where  an  application  is
denied  pursuant  to  this  section, the commissioner may, in his or her
discretion, deny a registration or  renewal  application  to  any  other
person  for  the  same  vehicle  and  may deny a registration or renewal
application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
entry of a final decision.

S. 4524                            29

  §  8-d.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 8-d of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
month  period,  charging  that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or
standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
trant or his agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by
the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of  the  provisions
of  this  chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a
local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter for  violations  of  subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter,  or  the  registrant  was  liable in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision  (d)  of
section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of this chapter, or the registrant was
liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
ter  for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven
of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his  or
her  agent  shall deny the registration or renewal application until the
applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
ein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has  been  made
or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied
with  the  rules  and  regulations of said tribunal following entry of a
final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a  registration  or
renewal  application  to  any  other person for the same vehicle and may
deny a registration or renewal application for any other  motor  vehicle
registered  in  the  name  of  the  applicant where the commissioner has
determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the  purposes
of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
believe  that  such  registration  or  renewal  will  have the effect of
defeating the purposes of  this  subdivision.  Such  denial  shall  only
remain  in  effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the
case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply  with
the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
  §  8-e.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 8-e of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
trant  or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for

S. 4524                            30

hire by the appropriate local authority, in  violation  of  any  of  the
provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
made by a local authority, or the registrant was  liable  in  accordance
with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of
subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or the
registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e
of this chapter for a violation of subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven
hundred  eleven of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORD-
ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A
VIOLATION  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, the
commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or  renewal
application  until the applicant provides proof from the court or admin-
istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or
answer has been made or in the case of an administrative  tribunal  that
he  has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal follow-
ing entry of a final decision.  Where an application is denied  pursuant
to  this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a
registration or renewal application to any other  person  for  the  same
vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other
motor  vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commis-
sioner has determined that such registrant's intent has  been  to  evade
the  purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reason-
able grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have  the
effect  of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall
only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in
the  case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply
with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
  § 8-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401  of  the  vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 8-f of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
month  period,  charging  that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or
standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
trant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle  for
hire  by  the  appropriate  local  authority, in violation of any of the
provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
made  by  a  local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation  of
subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, OR THE
REGISTRANT  WAS  LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall
deny  the  registration  or  renewal  application  until  the  applicant
provides proof from the court or  administrative  tribunal  wherein  the
charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the
case  of  an administrative tribunal that he has complied with the rules
and regulations of said tribunal following entry of  a  final  decision.
Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commission-
er  may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal appli-
cation to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registra-

S. 4524                            31

tion or renewal application for any other motor  vehicle  registered  in
the  name  of  the  applicant where the commissioner has determined that
such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivi-
sion  and  where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that
such registration or renewal will  have  the  effect  of  defeating  the
purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as
long  as  the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an adminis-
trative tribunal, the registrant fails to  comply  with  the  rules  and
regulations following entry of a final decision.
  §  8-g.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 339 and  592  of  the
laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows:
  a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
appropriate jurisdiction  that  the  registrant  or  his  representative
failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or
failed to comply with the rules and  regulations  of  an  administrative
tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to three or
more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period,
charging that such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped  or  standing,  or
that  such  motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant or his
agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by  the  appro-
priate  local  authority,  in violation of any of the provisions of this
chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation  made  by  a  local
authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEV-
EN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER,  the  commissioner  or  his
agent  shall  deny  the  registration  or  renewal application until the
applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
ein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has  been  made
or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he OR SHE has complied
with  the  rules  and  regulations of said tribunal following entry of a
final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
the commissioner may, in his discretion, deny a registration or  renewal
application  to  any  other  person  for the same vehicle and may deny a
registration or renewal application for any other motor  vehicle  regis-
tered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined
that  such  registrant's  intent  has been to evade the purposes of this
subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe
that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating  the
purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as
long  as  the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an adminis-
trative tribunal, the registrant fails to  comply  with  the  rules  and
regulations following entry of a final decision.
  §  9.  The  vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
1174-a to read as follows:
  § 1174-A. OWNER LIABILITY FOR FAILURE OF OPERATOR TO STOP FOR A SCHOOL
BUS DISPLAYING A RED VISUAL SIGNAL AND STOP-ARM. (A) 1.  NOTWITHSTANDING
ANY  OTHER  PROVISION  OF  LAW,  A COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE LOCATED
WITHIN A SCHOOL DISTRICT ("DISTRICT") IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED AND EMPOWERED
TO ADOPT AND AMEND A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING A DEMONSTRATION
PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR  FAIL-
URE  OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER WHEN MEETING A SCHOOL BUS MARKED AND EQUIPPED AS
PROVIDED IN  SUBDIVISIONS  TWENTY  AND  TWENTY-ONE-C  OF  SECTION  THREE
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER AND OPERATED IN SUCH COUNTY, CITY,

S. 4524                            32

TOWN OR VILLAGE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION. SUCH
DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN  OR  VILLAGE
TO  INSTALL  AND  OPERATE  SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS
WHICH  MAY BE STATIONARY OR MOBILE, AND WHICH MAY BE INSTALLED, PURSUANT
TO AN AGREEMENT WITH A SCHOOL DISTRICT WITHIN SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR
VILLAGE, ON SCHOOL BUSES OWNED AND OPERATED BY SUCH SCHOOL  DISTRICT  OR
PRIVATELY  OWNED  AND OPERATED FOR COMPENSATION UNDER CONTRACT WITH SUCH
DISTRICT.  PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT (A) NO STATIONARY  SCHOOL  BUS  PHOTO
VIOLATION  MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE INSTALLED OR OPERATED BY A COUNTY,
CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE EXCEPT ON ROADWAYS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF  SUCH
COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR  VILLAGE,  AND  (B)  NO MOBILE SCHOOL BUS PHOTO
VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE INSTALLED OR OPERATED ON  ANY  SUCH
SCHOOL BUSES UNLESS SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE AND SUCH DISTRICT
ENTER INTO AN AGREEMENT FOR SUCH INSTALLATION AND OPERATION.
  1-A.  ANY  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR  VILLAGE,  LOCATED WITHIN A SCHOOL
DISTRICT, THAT HAS ADOPTED A LOCAL LAW OR  ORDINANCE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
SECTION  ESTABLISHING  A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING LIABILITY ON THE
OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR  THEREOF  TO  COMPLY  WITH
SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER WHEN MEETING A
SCHOOL BUS MARKED AND EQUIPPED AS PROVIDED IN  SUBDIVISIONS  TWENTY  AND
TWENTY-ONE-C  OF  SECTION THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER AND
OPERATED IN SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE MAY ENTER INTO AN  AGREE-
MENT  WITH  THE APPLICABLE SCHOOL DISTRICT FOR THE INSTALLATION, MAINTE-
NANCE AND USE OF SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS ON SCHOOL
BUSES PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND SECTION TWENTY-TWO OF THE CHAPTER  OF
THE  LAWS  OF  TWO  THOUSAND  NINETEEN WHICH ADDED THIS SECTION, FOR THE
PROPER HANDLING AND  CUSTODY  OF  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDE-
OTAPES, OTHER RECORDED IMAGES AND DATA PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, AND FOR
THE  FORWARDING OF SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPES, OTHER
RECORDED IMAGES AND  DATA  TO  THE  APPLICABLE  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR
VILLAGE.  ANY AGREEMENT ENTERED INTO HEREUNDER SHALL BE APPROVED BY EACH
PARTICIPATING COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE BY A MAJORITY  VOTE  OF  THE
VOTING  STRENGTH OF ITS GOVERNING BODY AND BY RESOLUTION OF THE DISTRICT
PURSUANT TO SECTION SIXTEEN  HUNDRED  FOUR,  SECTION  SEVENTEEN  HUNDRED
NINE,  SECTION  TWENTY-FIVE  HUNDRED  THREE, SECTION TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED
FIFTY-FOUR OR SECTION TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED NINETY-H OF THE EDUCATION LAW,
AS APPLICABLE.  PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT WHERE A DISTRICT HAS ENTERED  AN
AGREEMENT  AS  PROVIDED  HEREUNDER  WITH  A  COUNTY, NO CITIES, TOWNS OR
VILLAGES WITHIN THE SAME COUNTY MAY ENTER INTO, OR BE A  PARTY  TO,  ANY
AGREEMENT WITH SUCH DISTRICT PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION. PROVIDED FURTHER,
HOWEVER,  THAT  NO  COUNTY SHALL ENTER AN AGREEMENT WITH ANY CITY SCHOOL
DISTRICT WHOLLY CONTAINED WITHIN A CITY.  NOTHING IN THIS SECTION  SHALL
BE CONSTRUED TO PREVENT A COUNTY, CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE OR DISTRICT AT ANY
TIME TO WITHDRAW FROM OR TERMINATE AN AGREEMENT ENTERED PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION  AND SECTION TWENTY-TWO OF THE CHAPTER OF THE LAWS OF 2019 WHICH
ADDED THIS SECTION.
  1-B. THE TOTAL COST TO THE DISTRICT OF THE  INSTALLATION,  MAINTENANCE
AND  USE  OF  SCHOOL  BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS PURSUANT TO
THIS SECTION SHALL BE BORNE  ENTIRELY  BY  THE  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR
VILLAGE  WITHIN  THE  DISTRICT WHICH IS A PARTY TO SUCH AGREEMENT. ON OR
BEFORE SEPTEMBER FIRST OF EACH YEAR, THE DISTRICT  SHALL  DETERMINE  AND
CERTIFY  TO EACH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE WITH WHICH IT HAS ENTERED
INTO AN AGREEMENT PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION  THE  TOTAL  COST  TO  THE
DISTRICT  FOR  THE  SCHOOL  YEAR  ENDING THE PRECEDING JUNE THIRTIETH OF
INSTALLING, MAINTAINING AND USING SUCH SYSTEMS WITHIN EACH SUCH  COUNTY,
CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE, RESPECTIVELY, FOR THE PROPER HANDLING AND CUSTODY

S. 4524                            33

OF  PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPES, OTHER RECORDED IMAGES AND
DATA PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, AND FOR THE  FORWARDING  OF  SUCH  PHOTO-
GRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPES, OTHER RECORDED IMAGES AND DATA TO
THE APPLICABLE COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE. ON OR BEFORE THE FOLLOWING
DECEMBER  FIRST  OF  EACH  YEAR, EACH SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE
SHALL PAY TO THE DISTRICT SUCH COST SO CERTIFIED TO IT ON OR BEFORE  THE
PRECEDING  SEPTEMBER  FIRST.  NOT LATER THAN TWENTY DAYS AFTER EACH SUCH
PAYMENT IS SUBMITTED OR IS DUE, WHICHEVER  OCCURS  FIRST,  THE  DISTRICT
SHALL  SUBMIT  TO THE DIRECTOR OF THE BUDGET AND THE CHAIRPERSONS OF THE
FISCAL COMMITTEES OF THE LEGISLATURE A  REPORT  FOR  EACH  SUCH  COUNTY,
CITY,  TOWN AND VILLAGE SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF COSTS SO CERTIFIED AND THE
AMOUNT OF PAYMENTS SO RECEIVED OR  DUE.  IF  A  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR
VILLAGE  FAILS TO MAKE THE PAYMENT REQUIRED TO THE DISTRICT BY THE TWEN-
TIETH DAY AFTER THE DATE SUCH PAYMENT WAS DUE, SUCH COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN
OR  VILLAGE  SHALL  NO  LONGER  BE  DEEMED  A SIGNATORY TO THE AGREEMENT
AUTHORIZED BY THIS SECTION ON SUCH TWENTIETH DAY AND THE DISTRICT SHALL:
(I) NOTIFY THE DIRECTOR OF THE BUDGET AND THE CHAIRPERSONS OF THE FISCAL
COMMITTEES OF THE LEGISLATURE  OF  SUCH  OCCURRENCE  WITHIN  TWENTY-FOUR
HOURS  OF  SUCH  DAY;  AND  (II) BE PROHIBITED FROM OPERATING SCHOOL BUS
PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WITHIN SUCH  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR
VILLAGE. PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT ANY NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PRIOR TO
SUCH DATE SHALL NOT BE VOIDED.
  2. ANY IMAGE OR IMAGES CAPTURED BY SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITOR-
ING  SYSTEMS  SHALL  BE  INADMISSIBLE  IN  ANY  DISCIPLINARY  PROCEEDING
CONVENED BY ANY SCHOOL DISTRICT OR ANY SCHOOL  BUS  CONTRACTOR  THEREOF,
AND ANY PROCEEDING INITIATED BY THE DEPARTMENT INVOLVING LICENSURE PRIV-
ILEGES  OF SCHOOL BUS OPERATORS. ANY SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITOR-
ING DEVICE MOUNTED ON A SCHOOL BUS SHALL BE DIRECTED OUTWARDLY FROM SUCH
SCHOOL BUS TO CAPTURE  IMAGES  OF  VEHICLES  OPERATED  IN  VIOLATION  OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, AND IMAGES PRODUCED
BY SUCH DEVICE SHALL NOT BE USED FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE.
  3.  (I)  ANY  PARTICIPATING  SCHOOL  DISTRICT SHALL BE PROHIBITED FROM
ACCESSING ANY PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPES, OTHER  RECORDED
IMAGES  OR  DATA  FROM SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS BUT
SHALL PROVIDE, PURSUANT TO AN AGREEMENT WITH A  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR
VILLAGE AS PROVIDED IN THIS SECTION, FOR THE PROPER HANDLING AND CUSTODY
OF SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPES, OTHER RECORDED IMAGES
AND DATA PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, AND FOR THE FORWARDING OF SUCH PHOTO-
GRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPES, OTHER RECORDED IMAGES AND DATA TO
THE APPLICABLE COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE FOR THE PURPOSE  OF  DETER-
MINING  WHETHER A MOTOR VEHICLE WAS OPERATED IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
(A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS  TITLE  AND  IMPOSING
MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF SUCH MOTOR VEHICLE THEREFOR.
  (II)  PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPES, OTHER RECORDED IMAGES
AND DATA PRODUCED BY SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL
BE DESTROYED (A) NINETY DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF THE ALLEGED IMPOSITION OF
LIABILITY IF A NOTICE OF LIABILITY IS NOT ISSUED FOR SUCH ALLEGED  IMPO-
SITION  OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION OR (B) UPON FINAL DISPOSI-
TION OF A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
  4. A COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR  VILLAGE  ESTABLISHING  A  DEMONSTRATION
PROGRAM  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION SHALL ADOPT AND ENFORCE MEASURES TO
PROTECT THE PRIVACY OF DRIVERS,  PASSENGERS,  PEDESTRIANS  AND  CYCLISTS
WHOSE  IDENTITY  AND IDENTIFYING INFORMATION MAY BE CAPTURED BY A SCHOOL
BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING DEVICE. SUCH MEASURES SHALL INCLUDE:
  (I) UTILIZATION OF NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES TO  ENSURE,  TO  THE  EXTENT
PRACTICABLE,   THAT  PHOTOGRAPHS  PRODUCED  BY  SUCH  SCHOOL  BUS  PHOTO

S. 4524                            34

VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY  THE
DRIVER,  THE  PASSENGERS,  THE  CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE, PEDESTRIANS AND
CYCLISTS. PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT NO NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT
TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE DISMISSED SOLELY BECAUSE A PHOTOGRAPH OR PHOTO-
GRAPHS  ALLOW  FOR  THE  IDENTIFICATION  OF  THE  CONTENTS OF A VEHICLE,
PROVIDED THAT SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE HAS MADE  A  REASONABLE
EFFORT TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH;
  (II)  A  PROHIBITION  ON THE USE OR DISSEMINATION OF VEHICLES' LICENSE
PLATE INFORMATION AND OTHER INFORMATION AND IMAGES  CAPTURED  BY  SCHOOL
BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS EXCEPT: (A) AS REQUIRED TO ESTAB-
LISH  LIABILITY  UNDER THIS SECTION OR COLLECT PAYMENT OF PENALTIES; (B)
AS REQUIRED BY COURT ORDER; OR (C) AS OTHERWISE REQUIRED BY LAW;
  (III) THE INSTALLATION OF SIGNAGE IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTAB-
LISHED IN THE MUTCD AT EACH ROADWAY ENTRANCE OF THE JURISDICTIONAL BOUN-
DARIES OF SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE GIVING NOTICE  THAT  SCHOOL
BUS  PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS ARE USED TO ENFORCE RESTRICTIONS
ON VEHICLES VIOLATING SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS  CHAP-
TER.  FOR  THE  PURPOSES OF THIS PARAGRAPH, THE TERM "ROADWAY" SHALL NOT
INCLUDE STATE EXPRESSWAY ROUTES OR STATE INTERSTATE ROUTES; AND
  (IV) OVERSIGHT PROCEDURES TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE WITH THE AFOREMENTIONED
PRIVACY PROTECTION MEASURES.
  (B) IN ANY SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR  VILLAGE  WHICH  HAS  ADOPTED  A
LOCAL  LAW OR ORDINANCE PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE
OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A  PENALTY  IMPOSED  PURSUANT  TO
THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH THE PERMISSION OF
THE  OWNER,  EXPRESS  OR  IMPLIED,  IN  VIOLATION  OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE, AND SUCH  VIOLATION
IS  EVIDENCED  BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION
MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL  BE
LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR
OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
VISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE.
  (C)  FOR  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE
FOLLOWING MEANINGS: "COUNTY" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN  SECTION
THREE  OF  THE  COUNTY  LAW, EXCEPT THAT SUCH TERM SHALL NOT INCLUDE ANY
COUNTY WHOLLY CONTAINED  WITHIN  A  CITY;  "MANUAL  ON  UNIFORM  TRAFFIC
CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD" SHALL MEAN THE MANUAL AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR
A  UNIFORM  SYSTEM  OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES MAINTAINED BY THE COMMIS-
SIONER OF TRANSPORTATION PURSUANT TO SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
THIS  CHAPTER;  "OWNER" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B
OF THIS CHAPTER; AND "SCHOOL  BUS  PHOTO  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM"
SHALL  MEAN  A  DEVICE  THAT IS CAPABLE OF OPERATING INDEPENDENTLY OF AN
ENFORCEMENT OFFICER WHICH IS INSTALLED TO WORK  IN  CONJUNCTION  WITH  A
SCHOOL  BUS STOP-ARM AND WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTO-
GRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  A  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED
IMAGES  OF  A VEHICLE AT THE TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED IN VIOLATION OF
SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE.
  (D) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A  TECHNICIAN  EMPLOYED  BY
THE  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR  VILLAGE  IN  WHICH  THE CHARGED VIOLATION
OCCURRED, OR A FACSIMILE THEREOF, BASED UPON INSPECTION OF  PHOTOGRAPHS,
MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES  PRODUCED BY A
SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM,  SHALL  BE  PRIMA  FACIE
EVIDENCE  OF  THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN.  ANY PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES EVIDENCING SUCH  A  VIOLATION
SHALL  BE  AVAILABLE  FOR INSPECTION IN ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE

S. 4524                            35

LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION  PURSUANT  TO  A  LOCAL  LAW  OR  ORDINANCE
ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
  (E)  AN  OWNER  LIABLE  FOR  A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO A LOCAL  LAW  OR
ORDINANCE  ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE LIABLE FOR MONETARY
PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND PENALTIES TO BE SET
FORTH IN SUCH LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE, EXCEPT THAT IF A CITY BY LOCAL LAW
HAS AUTHORIZED THE ADJUDICATION OF SUCH OWNER  LIABILITY  BY  A  PARKING
VIOLATIONS  BUREAU,  SUCH  SCHEDULE SHALL BE PROMULGATED BY SUCH BUREAU.
THE LIABILITY OF THE OWNER PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE TWO HUNDRED
FIFTY DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT SUCH LOCAL LAW
OR ORDINANCE MAY PROVIDE FOR AN ADDITIONAL  PENALTY  NOT  IN  EXCESS  OF
TWENTY-FIVE  DOLLARS  FOR EACH VIOLATION FOR THE FAILURE TO RESPOND TO A
NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
  (F) AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE  ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR
AND  SHALL  NOT  BE MADE PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE PERSON UPON
WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED  NOR  SHALL  IT  BE  USED  FOR  INSURANCE
PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
  (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
(A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO
THIS  SECTION.  PERSONAL  DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED. A
MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDINARY COURSE OF
BUSINESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN.
  2. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME  AND  ADDRESS  OF  THE
PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
(A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO
THIS  SECTION,  THE  REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VEHICLE INVOLVED IN SUCH
VIOLATION, THE LOCATION WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK PLACE,  THE  DATE  AND
TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION AND THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE CAMERA WHICH
RECORDED THE VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR NUMBER.
  3.  THE  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE
PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST
THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO
CONTAIN A WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSONS CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO  CONTEST
IN  THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF LIABIL-
ITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
  4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE COUNTY,
CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE IN WHICH THE VIOLATION OCCURRED, OR BY  ANY  OTHER
ENTITY  AUTHORIZED  BY SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE TO PREPARE AND
MAIL SUCH NOTIFICATION OF VIOLATION.
  (H) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS  SECTION
SHALL  BE BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION
THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY OF THE GENERAL MUNICIPAL LAW WHERE  THE  VIOLATION
OCCURRED  OR,  IF  THERE  BE NONE, BY THE COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OVER
TRAFFIC INFRACTIONS WHERE THE VIOLATION OCCURRED, EXCEPT THAT IF A  CITY
HAS  ESTABLISHED  AN  ADMINISTRATIVE  TRIBUNAL  TO  HEAR  AND  DETERMINE
COMPLAINTS OF TRAFFIC  INFRACTIONS  CONSTITUTING  PARKING,  STANDING  OR
STOPPING  VIOLATIONS SUCH CITY MAY, BY LOCAL LAW, AUTHORIZE SUCH ADJUDI-
CATION BY SUCH TRIBUNAL.
  (I) IF AN OWNER RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE WAS REPORTED TO THE
POLICE  AS HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGA-
TION OF LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT THE

S. 4524                            36

VEHICLE HAD BEEN REPORTED TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME  THE
VIOLATION  OCCURRED  AND  HAD  NOT  BEEN  RECOVERED  BY SUCH TIME.   FOR
PURPOSES OF ASSERTING THE DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION IT  SHALL
BE  SUFFICIENT  THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN
VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO THE  TRAFFIC  VIOLATIONS  BUREAU,
COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OR PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
  (J) 1. IN SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE WHERE THE ADJUDICATION OF
LIABILITY  IMPOSED  UPON OWNERS PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IS BY A TRAFFIC
VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR A COURT HAVING JURISDICTION,  AN  OWNER  WHO  IS  A
LESSOR  OF  A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT
TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION
OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS  ARTI-
CLE,  PROVIDED  THAT HE OR SHE SENDS TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR
COURT HAVING JURISDICTION A COPY OF THE  RENTAL,  LEASE  OR  OTHER  SUCH
CONTRACT  DOCUMENT  COVERING  SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF THE VIOLATION,
WITH THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE CLEARLY LEGIBLE, WITHIN  THIRTY-
SEVEN  DAYS  AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OR COURT OF THE DATE
AND  TIME  OF  SUCH  VIOLATION,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  OTHER  INFORMATION
CONTAINED  IN  THE  ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY.   FAILURE TO SEND SUCH
INFORMATION WITHIN SUCH THIRTY-SEVEN DAY TIME PERIOD  SHALL  RENDER  THE
OWNER  LIABLE  FOR  THE  PENALTY  PRESCRIBED  BY THIS SECTION. WHERE THE
LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS  PARAGRAPH,  THE  LESSEE  OF
SUCH  VEHICLE  ON  THE  DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE
OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT  TO
LIABILITY FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR  OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT
A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION.
  2. (I) IN A CITY WHICH, BY LOCAL LAW, HAS AUTHORIZED THE  ADJUDICATION
OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS SECTION BY A PARKING VIOLATIONS
BUREAU,  AN  OWNER  WHO  IS  A  LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF
LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS  SECTION  SHALL
NOT  BE  LIABLE  FOR  THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE, PROVIDED THAT:
  (A) PRIOR TO THE VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH  THE  BUREAU  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF SECTION TWO HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF
THIS CHAPTER; AND
  (B) WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OF
THE DATE AND TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH  THE  OTHER  INFORMATION
CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS TO THE
BUREAU THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHICLE IDENTI-
FIED  IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER
WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL, LEASE OR
OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY  REQUIRED  BY  THE  BUREAU
PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS THAT MAY BE PROMULGATED FOR SUCH PURPOSE.
  (II)  FAILURE  TO  COMPLY  WITH CLAUSE (B) OF SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS
PARAGRAPH SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE  PENALTY  PRESCRIBED  IN
THIS SECTION.
  (III) WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH,
THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED
TO  BE  THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE
SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION  AND
SHALL  BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS
SECTION.
  (K) 1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF
SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION WAS NOT  THE  OPERATOR  OF  THE  VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE

S. 4524                            37

VIOLATION,  THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST
THE OPERATOR.
  2.  NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF A
VEHICLE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO A MONETARY FINE  IMPOSED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
OUT  THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR FAILED TO COMPLY
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER.  FOR  PURPOSES
OF  THIS  SUBDIVISION  THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF
SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT
THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR FAILED TO  COMPLY  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER.
  (L)  NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY
OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE.
  (M)  IN  ANY  SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE WHICH ADOPTS A DEMON-
STRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, SUCH COUN-
TY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE SHALL SUBMIT AN ANNUAL REPORT ON  THE  RESULTS
OF  THE  USE  OF  A  SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM TO THE
GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER  OF  THE
ASSEMBLY  ON OR BEFORE JUNE FIRST, TWO THOUSAND NINETEEN AND ON THE SAME
DATE IN EACH SUCCEEDING YEAR IN WHICH THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IS OPER-
ABLE. SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE, BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO:
  1. THE NUMBER OF BUSES AND A DESCRIPTION OF THE ROUTES WHERE  STATION-
ARY AND MOBILE SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED;
  2.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF ACCIDENTS REPORTED AT
LOCATIONS WHERE A SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM  IS  USED
FOR  THE  YEAR  PRECEDING THE INSTALLATION OF SUCH SYSTEM, TO THE EXTENT
THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT  OF  MOTOR  VEHICLES  OF
THIS STATE;
  3.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF ACCIDENTS REPORTED AT
LOCATIONS WHERE A SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS  USED,
TO  THE  EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR
VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
  4. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED AT EACH LOCATION WHERE  A  SCHOOL
BUS  PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED AND IN THE AGGREGATE ON A
DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
  5. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF NOTICES  OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  FOR  VIOLATIONS
RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
  6.  THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE FIRST
NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
  7. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND RESULTS  OF  SUCH  ADJUDI-
CATIONS   INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS  OF  DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR  VIOLATIONS
RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS WHICH SHALL BE PROVIDED AT  LEAST  ANNUALLY  TO
SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE BY THE RESPECTIVE COURTS, BUREAUS AND
AGENCIES CONDUCTING SUCH ADJUDICATIONS;
  8.  THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY SUCH CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE
FROM SUCH ADJUDICATIONS;
  9. THE EXPENSES INCURRED BY SUCH CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE  IN  CONNECTION
WITH THE PROGRAM;
  10.  THE QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS INCLUDING
THE TOTAL NUMBER OF HEARINGS  SCHEDULED,  RE-SCHEDULED,  AND  HELD;  THE
TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS SCHEDULED FOR SUCH HEARINGS; THE TOTAL NUMBER OF
CASES WHERE FINES WERE PAID ON OR BEFORE THE HEARING DATE; AND THE TOTAL
NUMBER  OF DEFAULT JUDGMENTS ENTERED. SUCH INFORMATION SHALL BE PROVIDED
AT LEAST ANNUALLY TO SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE BY  THE  RESPEC-
TIVE COURTS, BUREAUS AND AGENCIES CONDUCTING SUCH ADJUDICATIONS; AND

S. 4524                            38

  11.  A  DESCRIPTION  OF  PUBLIC EDUCATION ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED TO WARN
MOTORISTS OF THE DANGERS OF OVERTAKING AND PASSING STOPPED SCHOOL BUSES.
  (N) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
VISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE PURSU-
ANT  TO  A  LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT
SUCH SCHOOL BUS STOP-ARMS WERE MALFUNCTIONING AT THE TIME OF THE ALLEGED
VIOLATION.
  § 10. The opening paragraph and paragraph  (c)  of  subdivision  1  of
section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10 of
chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  Whenever  proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of this
state result in a conviction for an offense  under  this  chapter  or  a
traffic  infraction  under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule
or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter,  other  than  a  traffic
infraction  involving  standing,  stopping,  or parking or violations by
pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
eleven-a of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-b  of  this  chapter, or other than an adjudication in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation  of
a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined in such section, or other than an
adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)
of section eleven hundred eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with
section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adju-
dication of liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (b),
(c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, or
other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
of this chapter in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of
this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
a  violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
ter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY  OF  AN  OWNER  FOR  A
VIOLATION  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
there  shall  be  levied  a  crime victim assistance fee and a mandatory
surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law,  in
accordance with the following schedule:
  (c)  Whenever  proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for  an  offense  under  this  chapter
other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this
chapter,  or  a  traffic  infraction under this chapter, or a local law,
ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to  this  chapter,  other
than  a  traffic  infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or
violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
hundred  eleven-a  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section

S. 4524                            39

eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter, or other than an infraction pursuant
to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil-
ity  of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant
to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than
an  adjudication  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of
this chapter for a violation of a bus lane  restriction  as  defined  in
such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
a  violation  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
an  owner  for  a  violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, or other than  an  adjudication
of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  OR  OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF
LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime victim assist-
ance fee in the amount of five dollars and  a  mandatory  surcharge,  in
addition  to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of
fifty-five dollars.
  § 10-a. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic  law,
as  amended  by  section  10-a  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
amended to read as follows:
  1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule
or  regulation  adopted  pursuant  to this chapter, other than a traffic
infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equip-
ment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an  adju-
dication  of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than  an  adjudication
of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  for  a
violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi-
vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter  in  accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,
or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
y-c of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of  liability  of  an
owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR
A  VIOLATION  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN

S. 4524                            40

ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence
required or permitted by law, in the amount of twenty-five dollars.
  §  10-b. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
as amended by section 10-b of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
amended to read as follows:
  1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdi-
vision  (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation
of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred
eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
y-c  of  this  chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an
owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR
A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence
required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
  § 10-c. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic  law,
as  amended  by  section  10-c  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
amended to read as follows:
  1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),
(f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  in  accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than
an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this  chapter,
or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter  in
accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or
other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in
accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  OR
OTHER  THAN  AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be
levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any  sentence  required  or
permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.

S. 4524                            41

  §  10-d. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
as amended by section 10-d of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
amended to read as follows:
  1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),  (c),  (d),
(f)  or  (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, or other than
an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
(d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  adju-
dication  of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION
OF  LIABILITY  OF  AN  OWNER  FOR  A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  there  shall  be  levied a mandatory
surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law,  in
the amount of seventeen dollars.
  §  10-e. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
as amended by section 10-e of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
amended to read as follows:
  1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-d of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  OR  OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF
LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge,
in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the  amount
of seventeen dollars.
  §  10-f. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
as amended by section 10-f of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
amended to read as follows:
  1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  OR  OTHER  THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION  OF
LIABILITY  OF  AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a mandatory  surcharge,

S. 4524                            42

in  addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount
of seventeen dollars.
  §  10-g. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
as separately amended by chapter 16 of the laws of 1983 and  chapter  62
of the laws of 1989, is amended to read as follows:
  1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION
OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS  CHAPTER,  there  shall  be  levied  a  mandatory
surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in
the amount of seventeen dollars.
  § 11. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e  of  the  vehicle
and  traffic law, as amended by section 11 of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chap-
ter,  and  except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with section eleven
hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
restriction  as  defined  in such section, and except an adjudication of
liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)
or  (g)  of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance
with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter,  and  except  an
adjudication  of  liability  of  an owner for a violation of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this  chapter,
and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
toll collection  regulations  pursuant  to  section  two  thousand  nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any
sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted  by  law,  an
additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  §  11-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 11-a of chapter 222 of  the  laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-

S. 4524                            43

ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER,  and  except  an adjudication in accordance with section eleven
hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
restriction  as  defined  in such section, and except an adjudication of
liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)
or  (g)  of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance
with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter,  and  except  an
adjudication  of  liability  of  an owner for a violation of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this  chapter,
and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
toll collection  regulations  pursuant  to  section  two  thousand  nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any
sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted  by  law,  an
additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  §  11-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 11-b of chapter 222 of  the  laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b  of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an
owner for a violation of subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eighty-c of this chapter, and except an adjudication of
liability of an owner for a violation  of  toll  collection  regulations
pursuant  to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public
authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of  chap-
ter  seven  hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty,
there shall be levied in addition to  any  sentence,  penalty  or  other
surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twen-
ty-eight dollars.

S. 4524                            44

  §  11-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 11-c of chapter 222 of  the  laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-c  of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an
owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section
two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities  law  or
sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen  hundred  fifty,  there  shall  be
levied  in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required
or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  § 11-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
and  traffic  law, as amended by section 11-d of chapter 222 of the laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
violation  of  toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thou-
sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or  sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
to  any  sentence,  penalty  or other surcharge required or permitted by
law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  § 11-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
and  traffic  law, as amended by section 11-e of chapter 222 of the laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-

S. 4524                            45

fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
violation  of  toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thou-
sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or  sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
to  any  sentence,  penalty  or other surcharge required or permitted by
law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  § 11-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
and  traffic law, as amended by section 5 of part C of chapter 55 of the
laws of 2013, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS
CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section  two  thou-
sand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required  or  permitted  by
law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  § 12. Subdivision 3 of section 1803 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended  by chapter 679 of the laws of 1970, is amended and a new subdi-
vision 10 is added to read as follows:
  3. All fines, penalties and  forfeitures  paid  to  a  city,  town  or
village  pursuant to the provisions of paragraph a of subdivision one of
this section AND SUBDIVISION TEN OF THIS SECTION shall  be  credited  to
the  general  fund  of  such  city,  town or village, unless a different
disposition is prescribed by charter, special law, local  law  or  ordi-
nance.
  10.  EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH E OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF
THIS SECTION, WHERE A COUNTY HAS  ESTABLISHED  A  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM
IMPOSING  MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN
OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF
THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF
THIS  CHAPTER,  ANY  FINE OR PENALTY COLLECTED BY A COURT, JUDGE, MAGIS-
TRATE OR OTHER OFFICER FOR AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY WHICH OCCURS WITH-
IN SUCH COUNTY PURSUANT TO SUCH PROGRAM SHALL BE PAID TO THE STATE COMP-
TROLLER WITHIN THE FIRST TEN DAYS OF  THE  MONTH  FOLLOWING  COLLECTION.
EVERY  SUCH PAYMENT SHALL BE ACCOMPANIED BY A STATEMENT IN SUCH FORM AND
DETAIL AS THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PROVIDE. THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PAY NINE-

S. 4524                            46

TY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY IMPOSED FOR SUCH LIABILITY TO THE
COUNTY IN WHICH THE VIOLATION GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY OCCURRED, AND
TEN PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY TO THE CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE  IN
WHICH THE VIOLATION GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY OCCURRED.
  §  13.  Subdivision  1 of section 371 of the general municipal law, as
amended by section 12 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to
read as follows:
  1.  A  traffic  violations  bureau so established may be authorized to
dispose of violations of traffic laws, ordinances, rules and regulations
when such offenses shall not constitute the traffic infraction known  as
speeding  or a misdemeanor or felony, and, if authorized by local law or
ordinance, to adjudicate the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of
subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of the vehicle and
traffic law in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a  of  such
law  or section eleven hundred eleven-b of such law as added by sections
sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws  of
two  thousand  nine  which  amended  this subdivision, or section eleven
hundred eleven-d of such law, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of such
law OR SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF SUCH LAW.
  § 13-a. Section 371 of  the  general  municipal  law,  as  amended  by
section  12-a  of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
follows:
  § 371. Jurisdiction and procedure.  A  traffic  violations  bureau  so
established  may be authorized to dispose of violations of traffic laws,
ordinances, rules and regulations when such offenses shall  not  consti-
tute  the traffic infraction known as speeding or a misdemeanor or felo-
ny, and, if authorized by local law  or  ordinance,  to  adjudicate  the
liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven
hundred eleven of the vehicle and traffic law in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-b of such law as  added  by  sections  sixteen  of
chapters  twenty,  [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thou-
sand nine which amended this section or section eleven hundred  eleven-d
of  such  law or section eleven hundred eleven-e of such law, OR SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  SUCH  LAW,  by  permitting  a  person
charged with an offense within the limitations herein stated, to answer,
within  a  specified  time,  at the traffic violations bureau, either in
person or by written power of attorney in such form as may be prescribed
in the ordinance creating the bureau, by paying a prescribed  fine  and,
in writing, waiving a hearing in court, pleading guilty to the charge or
admitting  liability as an owner for the violation of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of the vehicle and  traffic  law,  as  the
case  may be, and authorizing the person in charge of the bureau to make
such a plea or admission and pay such a fine in court. Acceptance of the
prescribed fine and power of attorney by  the  bureau  shall  be  deemed
complete  satisfaction  for  the  violation or of the liability, and the
violator or owner liable for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
eleven  hundred  eleven  of the vehicle and traffic law shall be given a
receipt which so states. If a person charged with  a  traffic  violation
does  not  answer  as hereinbefore prescribed, within a designated time,
the bureau shall cause a complaint to be  entered  against  him  or  her
forthwith  and  a warrant to be issued for his or her arrest and appear-
ance before the court. Any  person  who  shall  have  been,  within  the
preceding  twelve  months,  guilty  of a number of parking violations in
excess of such maximum number as may be designated by the court,  or  of
three  or  more  violations  other than parking violations, shall not be
permitted to appear and answer to a subsequent violation at the  traffic

S. 4524                            47

violations  bureau,  but must appear in court at a time specified by the
bureau. Such traffic  violations  bureau  shall  not  be  authorized  to
deprive a person of his or her right to counsel or to prevent him or her
from  exercising  his  or  her  right  to  appear in court to answer to,
explain, or defend any charge of a violation of any traffic  law,  ordi-
nance, rule or regulation.
  §  13-b.  Section  371  of  the  general  municipal law, as amended by
section 12-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to  read  as
follows:
  §  371.  Jurisdiction  and  procedure.  A traffic violations bureau so
established may be authorized to dispose of violations of traffic  laws,
ordinances,  rules  and regulations when such offenses shall not consti-
tute the traffic infraction known as speeding or a misdemeanor or  felo-
ny,  and,  if  authorized  by  local law or ordinance, to adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred eleven of the vehicle and traffic law in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eleven-d  or section eleven hundred eleven-e OR SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A of the vehicle and traffic law, by permit-
ting a person charged with an  offense  within  the  limitations  herein
stated,  to  answer,  within a specified time, at the traffic violations
bureau, either in person or by written power of attorney in such form as
may be prescribed in the ordinance creating  the  bureau,  by  paying  a
prescribed  fine  and,  in writing, waiving a hearing in court, pleading
guilty to the  charge  or  admitting  liability  as  an  owner  for  the
violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of the
vehicle and traffic law, as the case may be, and authorizing the  person
in  charge of the bureau to make such a plea or admission and pay such a
fine in court. Acceptance of the prescribed fine and power  of  attorney
by the bureau shall be deemed complete satisfaction for the violation or
of  the  liability,  and the violator or owner liable for a violation of
subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  the  vehicle  and
traffic  law  shall  be  given  a  receipt  which so states. If a person
charged with  a  traffic  violation  does  not  answer  as  hereinbefore
prescribed, within a designated time, the bureau shall cause a complaint
to  be  entered  against him or her forthwith and a warrant to be issued
for his or her arrest and appearance before the court.  Any  person  who
shall  have been, within the preceding twelve months, guilty of a number
of parking violations in excess of such maximum number as may be  desig-
nated  by  the  court, or of three or more violations other than parking
violations, shall not be permitted to appear and answer to a  subsequent
violation  at the traffic violations bureau, but must appear in court at
a time specified by the bureau. Such traffic violations bureau shall not
be authorized to deprive a person of his or her right to counsel  or  to
prevent  him  or her from exercising his or her right to appear in court
to answer to, explain, or defend any charge of a violation of any  traf-
fic law, ordinance, rule or regulation.
  §  13-c.  Section  371  of  the  general  municipal law, as amended by
section 12-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to  read  as
follows:
  §  371.  Jurisdiction  and  procedure.  A traffic violations bureau so
established may be authorized to dispose of violations of traffic  laws,
ordinances,  rules  and regulations when such offenses shall not consti-
tute the traffic infraction known as speeding or a misdemeanor or  felo-
ny,  and,  if  authorized  by  local law or ordinance, to adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred eleven of the vehicle and traffic law in accordance with section

S. 4524                            48

eleven  hundred eleven-e of the vehicle and traffic law, AND, IF AUTHOR-
IZED BY LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE, TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS
FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND
TRAFFIC  LAW IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF
THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW by  permitting  a  person  charged  with  an
offense within the limitations herein stated, to answer, within a speci-
fied  time,  at  the  traffic  violations bureau, either in person or by
written power of attorney in such form as may be prescribed in the ordi-
nance creating the bureau, by paying a prescribed fine and, in  writing,
waiving  a  hearing in court, pleading guilty to the charge or admitting
liability as an owner for violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven
hundred eleven of the vehicle and traffic law, as the case  may  be,  OR
ADMITTING  LIABILITY  AS  AN  OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, AS THE CASE MAY BE,
and authorizing the person in charge of the bureau to make such  a  plea
or  admission and pay such a fine in court. Acceptance of the prescribed
fine and power of attorney by the bureau shall be deemed complete satis-
faction for the violation or of the liability, and the violator or owner
liable for a violation of subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred
eleven of the vehicle and traffic law OR OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW shall
be  given  a receipt which so states. If a person charged with a traffic
violation does not answer as hereinbefore prescribed,  within  a  desig-
nated time, the bureau shall cause a complaint to be entered against him
or  her  forthwith  and a warrant to be issued for his or her arrest and
appearance before the court. Any person who shall have been, within  the
preceding  twelve  months,  guilty  of a number of parking violations in
excess of such maximum number as may be designated by the court,  or  of
three  or  more  violations  other than parking violations, shall not be
permitted to appear and answer to a subsequent violation at the  traffic
violations  bureau,  but must appear in court at a time specified by the
bureau. Such traffic  violations  bureau  shall  not  be  authorized  to
deprive a person of his or her right to counsel or to prevent him or her
from  exercising  his  or  her  right  to  appear in court to answer to,
explain, or defend any charge of a violation of any traffic  law,  ordi-
nance, rule or regulation.
  §  13-d. Section 371 of the general municipal law, as amended by chap-
ter 802 of the laws of 1949, is amended to read as follows:
  § 371. Jurisdiction and procedure.  A  traffic  violations  bureau  so
established  may be authorized to dispose of violations of traffic laws,
ordinances, rules and regulations when such offenses shall  not  consti-
tute  the traffic infraction known as speeding or a misdemeanor or felo-
ny, AND, IF AUTHORIZED BY LOCAL LAW  OR  ORDINANCE,  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE
LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-
FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW by permitting a
person charged with an offense within the limitations herein stated,  to
answer,  within  a  specified  time,  at  the traffic violations bureau,
either in person or by written power of attorney in such form as may  be
prescribed  in the ordinance creating the bureau, by paying a prescribed
fine and, in writing, waiving a hearing in court, pleading guilty to the
charge, OR ADMITTING LIABILITY AS AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, AS THE CASE
MAY BE and authorizing the person in charge of the bureau to make such a
plea OR ADMISSION and pay such a fine  in  court.    Acceptance  of  the
prescribed  fine  and  power  of  attorney by the bureau shall be deemed

S. 4524                            49

complete satisfaction for the  violation,  and  the  violator  OR  OWNER
LIABLE  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE
VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW shall be given a receipt which so states.  If  a
person  charged with a traffic violation does not answer as hereinbefore
prescribed, within a designated time, the bureau shall cause a complaint
to be entered against him OR HER forthwith and a warrant  to  be  issued
for  his  OR  HER arrest and appearance before the court. Any person who
shall have been, within the preceding twelve months, guilty of a  number
of  parking violations in excess of such maximum number as may be desig-
nated by the court, or of three or more violations  other  than  parking
violations,  shall not be permitted to appear and answer to a subsequent
violation at the traffic violations bureau, but must appear in court  at
a time specified by the bureau. Such traffic violations bureau shall not
be  authorized  to deprive a person of his OR HER right to counsel or to
prevent him OR HER from exercising his OR HER right to appear  in  court
to  answer to, explain, or defend any charge of a violation of any traf-
fic law, ordinance, rule or regulation.
  § 14. Subdivision 2 of section 371 of the general  municipal  law,  as
amended  by  chapter  43  of  the  laws  of  2014, is amended to read as
follows:
  2. The Nassau county traffic and parking violations agency, as  estab-
lished,  may  be  authorized to assist the Nassau county district court,
and the Suffolk county traffic and parking violations agency, as  estab-
lished,  may  be authorized to assist the Suffolk county district court,
in the disposition and administration  of  infractions  of  traffic  and
parking  laws,  ordinances,  rules  and regulations and the liability of
owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
en of the vehicle and traffic law  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred  eleven-b of such law and the liability of owners for violations
of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
eighty  of the vehicle and traffic law in accordance with section eleven
hundred eighty-c of such law AND THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR  VIOLATIONS
OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF SUCH LAW,
except that such agencies shall not have jurisdiction over (a) the traf-
fic infraction defined under subdivision one of section  eleven  hundred
ninety-two  of  the  vehicle and traffic law; (b) the traffic infraction
defined under subdivision five of section eleven hundred  ninety-two  of
the  vehicle  and traffic law; (c) the violation defined under paragraph
(b) of subdivision four of section fourteen-f of the transportation  law
and  the  violation  defined  under  clause (b) of subparagraph (iii) of
paragraph c of subdivision two of  section  one  hundred  forty  of  the
transportation  law;  (d)  the  traffic infraction defined under section
three hundred ninety-seven-a of the vehicle  and  traffic  law  and  the
traffic  infraction  defined  under  subdivision  (g)  of section eleven
hundred eighty of the vehicle and traffic law; (e)  any  misdemeanor  or
felony;  or  (f)  any  offense  that is part of the same criminal trans-
action, as that term is defined in subdivision two of section  40.10  of
the criminal procedure law, as a violation of subdivision one of section
eleven hundred ninety-two of the vehicle and traffic law, a violation of
subdivision five of section eleven hundred ninety-two of the vehicle and
traffic law, a violation of paragraph (b) of subdivision four of section
fourteen-f  of  the  transportation  law,  a  violation of clause (b) of
subparagraph (iii) of paragraph c of  subdivision  two  of  section  one
hundred  forty  of  the transportation law, a violation of section three
hundred ninety-seven-a of the vehicle and traffic law,  a  violation  of

S. 4524                            50

subdivision  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred eighty of the vehicle and
traffic law or any misdemeanor or felony.
  §  14-a. Subdivision 2 of section 371 of the general municipal law, as
amended by chapter 388 of the laws  of  2012,  is  amended  to  read  as
follows:
  2.  The Nassau county traffic and parking violations agency, as estab-
lished, may be authorized to assist the Nassau  county  district  court,
and  the Suffolk county traffic and parking violations agency, as estab-
lished, may be authorized to assist the Suffolk county  district  court,
in  the  disposition  and  administration  of infractions of traffic and
parking laws, ordinances, rules and regulations  and  the  liability  of
owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
en  of  the  vehicle  and  traffic law in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-b of such law AND THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR  VIOLATIONS
OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF SUCH LAW,
except that such agencies shall not have jurisdiction over (a) the traf-
fic infraction defined under subdivision one of section  eleven  hundred
ninety-two  of  the  vehicle and traffic law; (b) the traffic infraction
defined under subdivision five of section eleven hundred  ninety-two  of
the  vehicle  and traffic law; (c) the violation defined under paragraph
(b) of subdivision four of section fourteen-f of the transportation  law
and  the  violation  defined  under  clause (b) of subparagraph (iii) of
paragraph c of subdivision two of  section  one  hundred  forty  of  the
transportation  law;  (d)  the  traffic infraction defined under section
three hundred ninety-seven-a of the vehicle  and  traffic  law  and  the
traffic  infraction  defined  under  subdivision  (g)  of section eleven
hundred eighty of the vehicle and traffic law; (e)  any  misdemeanor  or
felony;  or  (f)  any  offense  that is part of the same criminal trans-
action, as that term is defined in subdivision two of section  40.10  of
the criminal procedure law, as a violation of subdivision one of section
eleven hundred ninety-two of the vehicle and traffic law, a violation of
subdivision five of section eleven hundred ninety-two of the vehicle and
traffic law, a violation of paragraph (b) of subdivision four of section
fourteen-f  of  the  transportation  law,  a  violation of clause (b) of
subparagraph (iii) of paragraph c of  subdivision  two  of  section  one
hundred  forty  of  the transportation law, a violation of section three
hundred ninety-seven-a of the vehicle and traffic law,  a  violation  of
subdivision  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred eighty of the vehicle and
traffic law or any misdemeanor or felony.
  § 15. Subdivision 2 of section  87  of  the  public  officers  law  is
amended by adding a new paragraph (p) to read as follows:
  (P)  ARE  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
IMAGES PREPARED UNDER AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A
OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
  § 16. The purchase or lease of equipment for a  demonstration  program
established  pursuant  to  section 1174-a of the vehicle and traffic law
shall be subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general munici-
pal law.
  § 17. Section 1604 of the education law is amended  by  adding  a  new
subdivision 43 to read as follows:
  43.  TO  PASS  A  RESOLUTION,  IN  THE DISCRETION OF THE BOARD OF SUCH
DISTRICT, AUTHORIZING THE ENTERING OF AN AGREEMENT WITH A COUNTY,  CITY,
VILLAGE  OR  TOWN  WITHIN SUCH DISTRICT, FOR THE INSTALLATION AND USE OF
SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE

S. 4524                            51

PURCHASE, LEASE, INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, OR  ANY  OTHER
COSTS  ASSOCIATED  WITH  SUCH CAMERAS SHALL NOT BE CONSIDERED AN AIDABLE
EXPENSE PURSUANT TO SECTION THIRTY-SIX HUNDRED  TWENTY-THREE-A  OF  THIS
CHAPTER.
  §  18.  Section  1709  of the education law is amended by adding a new
subdivision 43 to read as follows:
  43. TO PASS A RESOLUTION, IN THE  DISCRETION  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  SUCH
DISTRICT,  AUTHORIZING THE ENTERING OF AN AGREEMENT WITH A COUNTY, CITY,
VILLAGE OR TOWN WITHIN SUCH DISTRICT, FOR THE INSTALLATION  AND  USE  OF
SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE
PURCHASE,  LEASE,  INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, OR ANY OTHER
COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH SUCH CAMERAS SHALL NOT BE  CONSIDERED  AN  AIDABLE
EXPENSE  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION THIRTY-SIX HUNDRED TWENTY-THREE-A OF THIS
CHAPTER.
  § 19. Section 2503 of the education law is amended  by  adding  a  new
subdivision 21 to read as follows:
  21.  TO  PASS  A  RESOLUTION,  IN  THE DISCRETION OF THE BOARD OF SUCH
DISTRICT, AUTHORIZING THE ENTERING OF AN AGREEMENT WITH THE CITY  WITHIN
SUCH  DISTRICT,  FOR  THE  INSTALLATION  AND  USE  OF  SCHOOL  BUS PHOTO
VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A  OF  THE  VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE PURCHASE,
LEASE, INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, OR ANY OTHER COSTS ASSO-
CIATED WITH SUCH CAMERAS SHALL NOT  BE  CONSIDERED  AN  AIDABLE  EXPENSE
PURSUANT TO SECTION THIRTY-SIX HUNDRED TWENTY-THREE-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
  §  20.  Section  2554  of the education law is amended by adding a new
subdivision 28 to read as follows:
  28. TO PASS A RESOLUTION, IN THE  DISCRETION  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  SUCH
DISTRICT,  AUTHORIZING THE ENTERING OF AN AGREEMENT WITH THE CITY WITHIN
SUCH DISTRICT,  FOR  THE  INSTALLATION  AND  USE  OF  SCHOOL  BUS  PHOTO
VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEMS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED  THAT  THE  PURCHASE,
LEASE, INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, OR ANY OTHER COSTS ASSO-
CIATED  WITH  SUCH  CAMERAS  SHALL  NOT BE CONSIDERED AN AIDABLE EXPENSE
PURSUANT TO SECTION THIRTY-SIX HUNDRED TWENTY-THREE-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
  § 21. Section 2590-h of the education law is amended by adding  a  new
subdivision 39 to read as follows:
  39.  TO ENTER AN AGREEMENT, IN HIS OR HER DISCRETION, WITH THE CITY OF
NEW YORK FOR THE INSTALLATION AND USE  OF  SCHOOL  BUS  PHOTO  VIOLATION
MONITORING  SYSTEMS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF
THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE PURCHASE, LEASE,  INSTAL-
LATION,  OPERATION  AND  MAINTENANCE, OR ANY OTHER COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH
SUCH CAMERAS SHALL NOT BE CONSIDERED  AN  AIDABLE  EXPENSE  PURSUANT  TO
SECTION THIRTY-SIX HUNDRED TWENTY-THREE-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
  § 22. Operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems with-
in  a  school  district in accordance with section 1174-a of the vehicle
and traffic law. 1. The governing body of any county and  the  municipal
officers  and  boards  in the several cities, towns and villages located
within a school district which have adopted  local  laws  or  ordinances
pursuant to section 1174-a of the vehicle and traffic law establishing a
demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with  section  1174
of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law when meeting a school bus marked and
equipped as provided in subdivisions 20 and 21-c of section 375  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law  and  operated  in such county, city, town or
village, are each hereby authorized to enter into an agreement with  the

S. 4524                            52

applicable  school  district  ("district") for the installation, mainte-
nance and use of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, for  the
proper  handling  and  custody  of  photographs, microphotographs, vide-
otapes, other recorded images and data produced by such systems, and for
the  forwarding of such photographs, microphotographs, videotapes, other
recorded images and  data  to  the  applicable  county,  city,  town  or
village, subject to the provisions of this section and section 1174-a of
the  vehicle  and traffic law.  Provided, however, that where a district
has entered an agreement as provided hereunder with a county, no cities,
towns or villages within the same county may enter into, or be  a  party
to,  any agreement with such district pursuant to this section. Provided
further, however, that no county shall enter an agreement with any  city
school district wholly contained within a city.
  2.  No agreement with the applicable school district shall take effect
until a county, city, town or village located within such  district  has
adopted  a  local  law  or ordinance as authorized by subdivision (a) of
section 1174-a of the vehicle and traffic  law.    Except  as  otherwise
provided  herein, subsequent counties, cities, towns and villages within
such district may enter into the agreement with  the  district  provided
that  they have adopted a local law or ordinance as authorized by subdi-
vision (a) of section 1174-a of the vehicle and traffic law.
  3. Nothing in this section or act shall  be  construed  to  prevent  a
county,  city, town, village or district at any time to withdraw from or
terminate an agreement for the  installation,  maintenance  and  use  of
school  bus photo violation monitoring systems within such county, city,
town or village.
  4. For purposes of this section, the term "county" shall have the same
meaning as such term is defined in section 3 of the  county  law  except
that  such  term  shall not include any county wholly contained within a
city, and the term "school bus photo violation monitoring system"  shall
have  the  same  meaning  as  such term is defined by subdivision (c) of
section 1174-a of the vehicle and traffic law.
  § 23. For the purpose of informing and educating owners of motor vehi-
cles in this state, any county not wholly contained within a city, city,
town or village authorized to issue notices of liability pursuant to the
provisions of this act may, during the first thirty-day period in  which
school  bus photo violation monitoring systems are in operation pursuant
to the provisions of this act within such county, city, town or village,
issue a written warning in lieu of a notice of liability to  all  owners
of  motor  vehicles  who  would  be held liable for failure of operators
thereof to comply with section 1174 of the vehicle and traffic law  when
meeting  a school bus marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions 20
and 21-c of section 375 of such law.
  § 24. This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after  it  shall
have  become a law and shall expire December 1, 2023 when upon such date
the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed; provided  that  any
such  local  law  as may be enacted pursuant to this act shall remain in
full force and effect only until December 1, 2023 and provided, further,
that:
  (a) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle  and
traffic law made by section one of this act shall not affect the expira-
tion  of  such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon such date the provisions of section one-a of this  act  shall  take
effect;
  (b)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-a of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such

S. 4524                            53

section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-b of this act shall take effect;
  (c)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-b of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-c of this act shall take effect;
  (d)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-c of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-d of this act shall take effect;
  (e)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-d of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-e of this act shall take effect;
  (f)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-e of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-f of this act shall take effect;
  (g)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-f of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-g of this act shall take effect;
  (h)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section two of this act shall not affect the expira-
tion of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when
upon  such  date  the provisions of section two-a of this act shall take
effect;
  (i) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle  and
traffic law made by section two-a of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon  such  date  the provisions of section two-b of this act shall take
effect;
  (j) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle  and
traffic law made by section two-b of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon  such  date  the provisions of section two-c of this act shall take
effect;
  (k) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle  and
traffic law made by section two-c of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon  such  date  the provisions of section two-d of this act shall take
effect;
  (l) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle  and
traffic law made by section two-d of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon  such  date  the provisions of section two-e of this act shall take
effect;
  (m) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle  and
traffic law made by section two-e of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon  such  date  the provisions of section two-f of this act shall take
effect;
  (n) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section  239  of
the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section four of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire

S. 4524                            54

therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section four-a of this
act shall take effect;
  (o)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-a of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section four-b of this
act shall take effect;
  (p) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section  239  of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-b of this act shall not
affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-c of  this
act shall take effect;
  (q)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-c of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section four-d of this
act shall take effect;
  (r) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section  239  of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-d of this act shall not
affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-e of  this
act shall take effect;
  (s)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-e of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section four-f of this
act shall take effect;
  (t) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of  section  240  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law  made  by  section five of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-a of  this
act shall take effect;
  (u)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section five-a of  this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-b of this
act shall take effect;
  (v) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of  section  240  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-b of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-c of  this
act shall take effect;
  (w)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section five-c of  this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-d of this
act shall take effect;
  (x) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of  section  240  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-d of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-e of  this
act shall take effect;
  (y)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section five-e of  this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire

S. 4524                            55

therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-f of this
act shall take effect;
  (z)  the  amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six of this act shall
not affect the expiration of such paragraphs  and  shall  be  deemed  to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-a of
this act shall take effect;
  (aa)  the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  six-a  of  this  act
shall  not  affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed
to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-b
of this act shall take effect;
  (bb) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of  section
240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-b of this act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-c
of this act shall take effect;
  (cc)  the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  six-c  of  this  act
shall  not  affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed
to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-d
of this act shall take effect;
  (dd) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of  section
240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-d of this act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-e
of this act shall take effect;
  (ee)  the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  six-e  of  this  act
shall  not  affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed
to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-f
of this act shall take effect;
  (ff) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2  of  section  241  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law  made  by section seven of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-a of this
act shall take effect;
  (gg) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2  of  section  241  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section seven-a of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-b of this
act shall take effect;
  (hh) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2  of  section  241  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section seven-b of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-c of this
act shall take effect;
  (ii) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2  of  section  241  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section seven-c of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-d of this
act shall take effect;
  (jj) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2  of  section  241  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section seven-d of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire

S. 4524                            56

therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-e of this
act shall take effect;
  (kk)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-e of this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-f of this
act shall take effect;
  (ll)  the amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision
5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  eight
of  this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall
be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such  date  the  provisions  of
section eight-a of this act shall take effect;
  (mm)  the  amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eight-a of this act shall
not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
expire  therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eight-b
of this act shall take effect;
  (nn) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of  section  401
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eight-b of this act shall
not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  eight-c
of this act shall take effect;
  (oo)  the  amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eight-c of this act shall
not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
expire  therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eight-d
of this act shall take effect;
  (pp) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of  section  401
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eight-d of this act shall
not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  eight-e
of this act shall take effect;
  (qq)  the  amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eight-e of this act shall
not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
expire  therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eight-f
of this act shall take effect;
  (rr) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of  section  401
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eight-f of this act shall
not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  eight-g
of this act shall take effect;
  (ss)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section ten of this act  shall  not  affect  the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
when upon such date the provisions of section ten-a of  this  act  shall
take effect;
  (tt)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section ten-a of this act shall not  affect  the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
when upon such date the provisions of section ten-b of  this  act  shall
take effect;
  (uu)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section ten-b of this act shall not  affect  the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,

S. 4524                            57

when upon such date the provisions of section ten-c of  this  act  shall
take effect;
  (vv)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section ten-c of this act shall not  affect  the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
when upon such date the provisions of section ten-d of  this  act  shall
take effect;
  (ww)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section ten-d of this act shall not  affect  the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
when upon such date the provisions of section ten-e of  this  act  shall
take effect;
  (xx)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section ten-e of this act shall not  affect  the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
when upon such date the provisions of section ten-f of  this  act  shall
take effect;
  (yy)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section ten-f of this act shall not  affect  the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
when upon such date the provisions of section ten-g of  this  act  shall
take effect;
  (zz)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven of this act  shall
not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-a
of this act shall take effect;
  (aaa) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
of the vehicle and traffic law made by  section  eleven-a  of  this  act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-b
of this act shall take effect;
  (bbb) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section eleven-b of this act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-c
of this act shall take effect;
  (ccc) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
of the vehicle and traffic law made by  section  eleven-c  of  this  act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-d
of this act shall take effect;
  (ddd) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section eleven-d of this act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-e
of this act shall take effect;
  (eee) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
of the vehicle and traffic law made by  section  eleven-e  of  this  act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-f
of this act shall take effect;
  (fff)  the  amendments  made  to  subdivision  1 of section 371 of the
general municipal law made by section thirteen of  this  act  shall  not
affect  the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire

S. 4524                            58

therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  thirteen-a  of
this act shall take effect;
  (ggg)  the amendments made to section 371 of the general municipal law
made by section thirteen-a of this act shall not affect  the  expiration
of  such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
date the provisions of section thirteen-b of this act shall take effect;
  (hhh) the amendments made to section 371 of the general municipal  law
made  by  section thirteen-b of this act shall not affect the expiration
of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon  such
date the provisions of section thirteen-c of this act shall take effect;
  (iii)  the amendments made to section 371 of the general municipal law
made by section thirteen-c of this act shall not affect  the  expiration
of  such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
date the provisions of section thirteen-d of this act shall take effect;
  (jjj) the amendments made to section 371 of the general municipal  law
made  by section fourteen of this act shall not affect the expiration of
such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
date the provisions of section fourteen-a of this act shall take effect;
and
  (kkk)  the amendments made to section 2590-h of the education law made
by section twenty-one of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  and
reversion of such section and shall expire therewith.

Co-Sponsors

S4524A - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A4950
Law Section:: Vehicle and Traffic Law
Laws Affected:: Amd V & T L, generally; amd §371, Gen Muni L; amd §87, Pub Off L; amd §§1604, 1709, 2503, 2554 & 2590-h, Ed L

S4524A - Summary

S4524A - Sponsor Memo

 
BILL NUMBER: S4524A

SPONSOR: KENNEDY
 
TITLE OF BILL:  An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in
relation to school bus safety cameras and owner liability for operator
illegally overtaking or passing a school bus; to amend the general
municipal law, in relation to jurisdiction and procedure; to amend the
public officers law, in relation to certain photographs, videotapes or
other recorded images; and to amend the education law, in relation to
authorizing school districts to enter into agreements for the installa-
tion and use of school bus safety cameras

 
PURPOSE OR GENERAL IDEA OF BILL:

This legislation is intended to protect the health, safety, and welfare
of schoolchildren riding school buses.

 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

Sections 1 through 7-f amend provisions of Article 2-B of the Vehicle
and Traffic Law (VTL) in relation to parking violations bureau adjudi-

cation of notices of liability issued for the failure of motor vehicle
operators to comply with VTL § 1174 (overtaking and passing stopped
school buses displaying red visual signals);

Section 8 establishes a program authorizing a county, city, cities,
towns and villages to enact local laws or ordinances imposing liability
on vehicle owners for the failure of motor vehicle operators to comply
with VTL § 1174 (overtaking and passing stopped school buses displaying
red visual signals), within parameters established by this section.

Sections 9 through 10-f amend VTL §§ 1809 and 1809-e to exempt notices
of liability issued under the school bus photo violation monitoring
demonstration program from mandatory State traffic ticket surcharges;

Section 11 amends section 371 of the GML

Sections 12 amends section 87 of the public officers law, related to
photographs and videotape

Sections 13 and 14 amend Education Law Sections 1604 and 1709

Section 15 relates to local laws enacted by local government entities.

Sections 16 relates to notices of liability

Section 17 is the effective date.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Under current law, a ticket for illegally passing a stopped school bus
displaying a red visual signal can be issued only by a police officer
who witnesses the violation. This bill provides for additional enforce-
ment options by authorizing a program to allow local governments to
impose liability on the owners of motor vehicles for the failure of the
drivers of such vehicles to comply with the law prohibiting the overtak-
ing and passing of stopped school buses displaying red visual signals.
The program allows for the use of mobile cameras mounted on school
buses, as well as stationary cameras.
Many efforts in New York State have already been undertaken to combat
this problem, with some positive results, such as OPERATION SAFE STOP.
However, the number of violations continues to be alarming. A recent
one-day survey done by the NYS Association for School Pupil Transporta-
tion yielded astounding results and underscores the need for this legis-
lation. On May 1st, 2013, the Association found that the 236 school bus
drivers in 21 school districts in New York in rural, urban and small
city settings that participated in the survey reported 306 illegal pass-
es including 6 "right side" passes.  That represents an average of 1.28
illegal passes per school bus.  That number, if extrapolated, would
bring the estimated number of illegal passes in the State to over 64,000
on that date alone. Other studies have estimated that more than 50,000
drivers throughout New York on a single school day illegally pass
stopped school buses.

New York has long recognized the paramount importance of protecting
school children transported on school buses, with strong laws and regu-
lations governing school bus operation and safety equipment, school bus
driver qualifications and training, and mandatory stops by other motor-
ists. The use of school bus photo violation monitoring systems (cameras)
is necessary to prevent further deaths and injuries caused by dangerous
motorists who ignore current law. Several other states, including Geor-
gia, Maryland, North Carolina, Iowa, Virginia, Connecticut, and Washing-
ton, have enacted legislation similar to this bill in response to a
growing national concern over illegal passing, or "stop arm violations."
This bill will expand the enforcement tools available in New York to
further address this issue, and will significantly lessen the numbers of
violations that continue to compromise the health, safety and well-being
of our students.

 
PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall have
become a law.

S4524A - Bill Text download pdf


                    S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________

                                 4524--A

                       2019-2020 Regular Sessions

                            I N  S E N A T E

                             March 14, 2019
                               ___________

Introduced  by  Sens. KENNEDY, KAPLAN -- read twice and ordered printed,
  and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation --
  committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as  amended  and
  recommitted to said committee

AN  ACT  to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in relation to school bus
  safety cameras and owner liability for operator  illegally  overtaking
  or  passing  a  school  bus;  to  amend  the general municipal law, in
  relation to jurisdiction and procedure; to amend the  public  officers
  law,  in relation to certain photographs, videotapes or other recorded
  images; and to amend the education law,  in  relation  to  authorizing
  school districts to enter into agreements for the installation and use
  of school bus safety cameras

  THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

  Section 1. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of  the  vehicle  and  traffic
law,  as  amended  by  section  1 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is
amended to read as follows:
  1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general,  special
or  local  law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which
heretofore or hereafter is authorized  to  establish  an  administrative
tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti-
tuting  parking,  standing  or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-a  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven hundred eleven-b of this
chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twenty,  [twenty-one,]
and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine, or to adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred

 EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                      [ ] is old law to be omitted.

                                                           LBD09710-05-9

S. 4524--A                          2

eleven-d  of  this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR
VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
or  to  adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision
(d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance  with
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, or to adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of  toll  collection  regulations  as
defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand
nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law and sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or  to  adjudicate  liability  of
owners  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap-
ter for violations of bus lane restrictions as  defined  in  subdivision
(b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of such section, or to adjudicate the liabil-
ity of owners for violations of section eleven hundred  eighty  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap-
ter,  such  tribunal  and  the  rules and regulations pertaining thereto
shall be constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with  the  following
sections.
  §  1-a.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
section 1-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
eleven of this  chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred
eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
ty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or to
adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF  OWNERS  FOR
VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance  with  section
eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane
restrictions as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the  liability
of  owners  for  violations  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, such tribunal and the rules and
regulations pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in  substantial
conformance with the following sections.

S. 4524--A                          3

  §  1-b.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
section 1-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with
sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws  of
two  thousand  nine,  or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners for
violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
sion  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR  TO  ADJUDICATE
THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or to adjudicate the liability of owners  for
violations  of  toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord-
ance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-
five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in  accordance  with
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus
lane restrictions as defined in  such  section,  or  to  adjudicate  the
liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
(g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance  with
section  eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, such tribunal and the
rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in
substantial conformance with the following sections.
  §  1-c.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
section 1-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e  of  this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR
VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
or to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of  toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
fifty,  or  to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  for  violations  of  bus  lane

S. 4524--A                          4

restrictions  as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability
of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, such tribunal and the rules and
regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in substantial
conformance with the following sections.
  § 1-d. Section 235 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
section  1-d  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF  OWNERS  FOR
VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners for violations  of  subdivi-
sions  (c)  and  (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter,  such
tribunal  and  the  rules  and  regulations  pertaining thereto shall be
constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
  § 1-e. Section 235 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
section  1-e  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven  hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF  OWNERS  FOR
VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
fifty, such tribunal and the rules and  regulations  pertaining  thereto
shall  be  constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with the following
sections.

S. 4524--A                          5

  § 1-f. Section 235 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
section  1-f  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY
OF  OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS
CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
fifty, such tribunal and the rules and  regulations  pertaining  thereto
shall  be  constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with the following
sections.
  § 1-g. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
amended  by  chapter 715 of the laws of 1972 and chapter 379 of the laws
of 1992, is amended to read as follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, OR TO
ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS  FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or to adjudicate  the  liability
of  owners  for  violations of toll collection regulations as defined in
and in accordance with the  provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine
hundred   eighty-five   of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, such tribunal and the  rules  and
regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in substantial
conformance with the following sections.
  § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic  law,  as
amended  by  section 2 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
subdivision  (a)  of  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
added  by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine,  or  subdivision  (a)  of  section
eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION (A)  OF  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, shall adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred  eleven  of  this chapter in accordance with such section eleven
hundred eleven-a, sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by  sections

S. 4524--A                          6

sixteen  of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of
two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section  eleven
hundred  eleven-e  and  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of owners for
violations  of  toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord-
ance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-
five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
hundred fifty and shall adjudicate liability  of  owners  in  accordance
with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of
bus lane restrictions as defined in such section  AND  SHALL  ADJUDICATE
LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-
FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for
violations  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter. Such tribunal, except in a city with  a  popu-
lation of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned
vehicle  violations.  For  the  purposes  of  this  article,  a  parking
violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing  for
or  regulating  the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addi-
tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
the commissioner of traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official  possessing
authority as such a commissioner.
  § 2-a. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
added  by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine,  or  subdivision  (a)  of  section
eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION (A)  OF  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, shall adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred  eleven  of this chapter in accordance with such sections eleven
hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twen-
ty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of  two  thousand  nine  or  section
eleven  hundred  eleven-d  or section eleven hundred eleven-e; and shall
adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-c of this chapter for violations  of  bus  lane  restrictions  as
defined  in  such  section  AND  SHALL ADJUDICATE LIABILITY OF OWNERS IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER
and shall adjudicate liability of owners for violations of  subdivisions
(c)  and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
ance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter.  For  the
purposes  of  this  article, a parking violation is the violation of any
law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,  stop-
ping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article,
"commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the
city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner.

S. 4524--A                          7

  § 2-b. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d or subdivision (a) of
section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF
SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, shall adjudicate
liability of owners in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c
of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in
such  section;  and  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners   for
violations  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter. For the purposes of this  article,  a  parking
violation  is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for
or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle.  In  addi-
tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
the  commissioner  of  traffic  of  the  city  or an official possessing
authority as such a commissioner.
  § 2-c. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to  subdivision  (a)
of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION (A) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, shall have juris-
diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation  and
shall  adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter.
For  the  purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation
of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,
stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
sioner.
  § 2-d. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
and,  where  authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a)
of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, shall have juris-
diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation. For
the  purposes  of  this article, a parking violation is the violation of
any law, rule or regulation providing for  or  regulating  the  parking,
stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
sioner.

S. 4524--A                          8

  § 2-e. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  OR SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traf-
fic infractions which constitute a parking violation. For  the  purposes
of  this  article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule
or regulation providing for  or  regulating  the  parking,  stopping  or
standing  of  a  vehicle.  In  addition  for  purposes  of this article,
"commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the
city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
  § 2-f. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
  1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
and WHERE AUTHORIZED BY LOCAL LAW ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, shall have juris-
diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation. For
the purposes of this article, a parking violation is  the  violation  of
any  law,  rule  or  regulation providing for or regulating the parking,
stopping or standing of a vehicle. In  addition  for  purposes  of  this
article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
fic  of  the  city or an official possessing authority as such a commis-
sioner.
  § 3. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a
new subdivision 16 to read as follows:
  16. TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, IF  AUTHORIZED  BY  LOCAL
LAW  ADOPTED  PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF SUCH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A.
  § 4. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of  the  vehicle  and
traffic law, as amended by section 4 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
is amended to read as follows:
  f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven  of  this  article,
but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
to  authorization  set  forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by
sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the
laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred  eleven-d  of  this
chapter,  or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, and shall not  be  deemed
to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section two thousand
nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law and sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not be deemed to include
a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c
of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability
issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter.
  § 4-a. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-a of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:

S. 4524--A                          9

  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article but
shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this
chapter  as  added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,]
and twenty-two of the laws  of  two  thousand  nine  or  section  eleven
hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter or section eleven hundred eleven-e of
this chapter OR SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
to  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of this chapter and shall not be
deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section elev-
en hundred eighty-b of this chapter.
  § 4-b. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-b of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
forth  in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR TO A NOTICE
OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEV-
EN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER and shall  not  be  deemed  to
include  a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred
eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice  of
liability  issued  pursuant  to  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this
chapter.
  § 4-c. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-c of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
forth  in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR TO A NOTICE
OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEV-
EN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER and shall  not  be  deemed  to
include  a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter.
  § 4-d. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-d of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
forth  in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR TO A NOTICE
OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEV-
EN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
  § 4-e. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-e of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and

S. 4524--A                         10

shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
ter OR TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  AUTHORIZATION  SET
FORTH IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
  §  4-f. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
traffic law, as added by chapter 180 of the laws of 1980, is amended  to
read as follows:
  f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article AND
SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT  TO
AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER.
  §  5. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 5 of chapter 222 of the  laws  of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
sixteen  of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of
two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
section eleven hundred eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  OR  SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER, for a violation of subdivision
(d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such alle-
gation, or a  person  alleged  to  be  liable  in  accordance  with  the
provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
chapter seven hundred seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred
fifty,  or  a  person  alleged  to  be  liable  in  accordance  with the
provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
violation  of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section contests
such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the
provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b  of  this  chapter  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter  contests  such  allegation,  the  bureau
shall  advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as
the director may direct of the date on which he or she  must  appear  to
answer  the  charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of
hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning
to advise the person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on
the date designated, or on  any  subsequent  adjourned  date,  shall  be
deemed  an  admission  of  liability, and that a default judgment may be
entered thereon.
  1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
sixteen  of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of
two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  OR SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability  in
accordance  with  section  two  thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty
or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance

S. 4524--A                         11

with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  is   being
contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits
has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue
any  notice  of  fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the
hearing.
  § 5-a. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
fic  law,  as amended by section 5-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
violation  enters  a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable
in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this  chapter  as
added  by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred  eleven-d
of  this  chapter  or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER for a violation of
subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter,  or  a
person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane
restriction as defined in such section contests such  allegation,  or  a
person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter for violations of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter contests such  allegation,  the  bureau  shall  advise  such  person
personally  by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct
of the date on which he or she must appear to answer  the  charge  at  a
hearing.  The  form  and  content  of  such  notice  of hearing shall be
prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning  to  advise  the
person  so  pleading  or  contesting  that failure to appear on the date
designated, or on any subsequent adjourned  date,  shall  be  deemed  an
admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
eon.
  1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  as
added  by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section elev-
en hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with section elev-
en  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  OR  SECTION   ELEVEN   HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability in accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an  allega-
tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
this chapter is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion  and  a
hearing  upon  the  merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held,
the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that  person
prior to the date of the hearing.
  §  5-b. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
fic law, as amended by section 5-b of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter OR
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or  in  accordance
with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter
for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined  in  such  section,
contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance

S. 4524--A                         12

with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev-
en hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation,  the  bureau
shall  advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as
the director may direct of the date on which he or she  must  appear  to
answer  the  charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of
hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning
to advise the person so pleading that failure  to  appear  on  the  date
designated,  or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned date, shall be deemed an
admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
eon.
  1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter OR
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or  in  accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of
liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this
chapter is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a  hear-
ing  upon  the  merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the
bureau shall not issue any notice of fine  or  penalty  to  that  person
prior to the date of the hearing.
  §  5-c. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
fic law, as amended by section 5-c of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be  liable
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or a
person  alleged  to  be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or a  person
alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
(d),  (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred  eighty of this chapter
contests such allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally
by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the  date
on  which  he  or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The
form and content of such notice of hearing shall be  prescribed  by  the
director,  and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading
that failure to appear on the date  designated,  or  on  any  subsequent
adjourned  date,  shall  be deemed an admission of liability, and that a
default judgment may be entered thereon.
  1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in  accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR THE BUREAU
HAS  BEEN  NOTIFIED  THAT  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or the bureau has
been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, is being contested, by a person
in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but
has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine  or
penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing.

S. 4524--A                         13

  §  5-d. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
fic law, as amended by section 5-d of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be  liable
in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter
contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such alle-
gation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE  LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION,
the bureau shall advise such person personally by  such  form  of  first
class  mail  as  the  director may direct of the date on which he or she
must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and  content  of
such  notice  of  hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall
contain a warning to advise the  person  so  pleading  that  failure  to
appear  on  the  date  designated,  or on any subsequent adjourned date,
shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a  default  judgment
may be entered thereon.
  1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter,  is
being  contested,  or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of
liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
chapter,  is  being  contested,  OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN
ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, IS BEING CONTESTED, by a person in  a  timely
fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet
been  held,  the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to
that person prior to the date of the hearing.
  § 5-e. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
fic  law,  as amended by section 5-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter
contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH
ALLEGATION,  the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form
of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on  which  he
or  she  must  appear  to  answer  the charge at a hearing. The form and
content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by  the  director,
and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that fail-
ure to appear on the date designated, or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned
date,  shall  be  deemed  an  admission of liability, and that a default
judgment may be entered thereon.
  1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, is
being contested, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN  ALLEGATION  OF
LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF
THIS CHAPTER, IS BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion and  a
hearing  upon  the  merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held,
the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that  person
prior to the date of the hearing.
  §  5-f. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
fic law, subdivision 1 as added by chapter 715 of the laws of  1972  and

S. 4524--A                         14

subdivision 1-a as added by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE  LIABLE
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date
on which he OR SHE must appear to answer the charge at  a  hearing.  The
form  and  content  of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the
director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person  so  pleading
that  failure  to  appear  on  the date designated, or on any subsequent
adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability,  and  that  a
default judgment may be entered thereon.
  1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
entered, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAP-
TER,  IS  BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing
upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau
shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that  person  prior  to
the date of the hearing.
  § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle
and  traffic  law, as amended by section 6 of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
ty,  [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or
an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand  nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in  accord-
ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega-
tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
this chapter, shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with
rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
ty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  in
accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter is
contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this
chapter is contested OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED or of a hearing at which liabil-
ity in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of
the   public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
hundred fifty is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accord-
ance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or a hearing
at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
this chapter is contested. Recording devices may be used for the  making
of the record.

S. 4524--A                         15

  § 6-a. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle  and  traffic  law,  as amended by section 6-a of chapter 222 of the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
or an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred
eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
ty,  [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or
an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter,  shall  be  held
before  a  hearing  examiner  in  accordance  with rules and regulations
promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
hearing at which liability in accordance with  sections  eleven  hundred
eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
ty,  [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or
of a hearing at  which  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or a hearing at which liability in
accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  is
contested.  Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
  § 6-b. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle  and  traffic  law,  as amended by section 6-b of chapter 222 of the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability in accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an  allega-
tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
this chapter or an allegation of liability in  accordance  with  section
eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter shall be
held  before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations
promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR OF A
HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or of a hearing at which liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of  a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-d of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability  in  accord-
ance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or a hearing
at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
this chapter is contested.  Recording devices may be used for the making
of the record.
  § 6-c. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-c of  chapter  222  of  the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability in  accord-
ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega-

S. 4524--A                         16

tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter shall be held before  a  hearing
examiner  in  accordance  with  rules and regulations promulgated by the
bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR OF A
HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or of a hearing at which liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of  a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-d of this chapter or a hearing at which liability  in  accordance
with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this chapter is contested.
Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
  § 6-d. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-d of  chapter  222  of  the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability in  accord-
ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega-
tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
this  chapter shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with
rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not  guilty  or  a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-d of this chapter is contested OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
or a hearing at  which  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred  eleven-e of this chapter is contested. Recording devices may be
used for the making of the record.
  § 6-e. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-e of  chapter  222  of  the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held
before  a  hearing  examiner  in  accordance  with rules and regulations
promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not  guilty  or  a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter is contested OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER IS
CONTESTED.  Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
  § 6-f. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws  of  1972,  are
amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a  hearing  examiner
in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
  g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR A
HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED.  Recording devices may be
used for the making of the record.

S. 4524--A                         17

  § 7. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the  vehicle  and  traffic
law,  as  amended  by  section 7 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-a of this
chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
chapter  as  added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,]
and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  in  accordance  with
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or the record of
liabilities incurred  in  accordance  with  section  two  thousand  nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty of the person charged, or the  record  of
liabilities  incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c
of this chapter, or the record of  liabilities  incurred  in  accordance
with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter, as applicable
prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations  sustain-
ing or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll
maintained  by  the  bureau  together  with  records showing payment and
nonpayment of penalties.
  2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter  or  in  accordance
with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter as added by
sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the
laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
eleven-d  of  this  chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or  fails to contest an allegation of
liability in accordance with section two thousand nine  hundred  eighty-
five  of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
hundred fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accord-
ance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to
contest an allegation of liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  or fails to appear on a designated
hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after  a  hearing  to
comply  with  the  determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
this article or by rule or regulation of the  bureau,  such  failure  to
plead or contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
the  bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original   date
prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and before a default judgment may be
rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the  violation  charged,
or  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
chapter  as  added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,]
and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  in  accordance  with

S. 4524--A                         18

section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER alleged or liabil-
ity  in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b   and
sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
hundred fifty alleged or liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter alleged, (2) of the impending
default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil
Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation  of  liability
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in
accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as
added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and  twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section elev-
en hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or contesting  an  allegation  of
liability  in  accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and
sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
hundred fifty or contesting an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an
allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
y-b of this chapter, as appropriate,  or  making  an  appearance  within
thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and allegations
contested  within  that  period shall be in the manner prescribed in the
notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.  Such  notice  of
impending  default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering
and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who  are  non-resi-
dents  of  the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be
rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default  judgment  be
sent,  more  than  two years after the expiration of the time prescribed
for entering a plea or contesting  an  allegation.  When  a  person  has
demanded  a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason,
prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall  make
a  determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose
no greater penalty  or  fine  than  those  upon  which  the  person  was
originally charged.
  §  7-a. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 7-a of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
incurred  in  accordance  with  sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twenty,  [twenty-one,]
and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or  in  accordance  with
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER  of  the  person
charged,  or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in accordance with

S. 4524--A                         19

section eleven hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter,  or  the  record  of
liabilities  incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b
of this chapter, as applicable prior to rendering a final determination.
Final  determinations  sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered
on a final determination roll maintained by  the  bureau  together  with
records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter as added by
sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the
laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
eleven-d  of  this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  or fails to contest an allegation of
liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this
chapter,  or  fails  to  contest  an allegation of liability incurred in
accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  or
fails  to  appear  on  a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned
date or fails after a hearing to comply  with  the  determination  of  a
hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation
of the bureau, such failure to plead, contest, appear or comply shall be
deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds
for  rendering  and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by
the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after  the  expiration
of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default
judgment  may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the
applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form
of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of  the  violation
charged,  or  liability  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred
eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
ty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  in
accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  OR  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of  this
chapter  or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b
of this chapter alleged, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that
such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the  city  in  which
the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or
any  other  place  provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the
state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by  entering  a
plea  or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability  in  accordance with
sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
sixteen  of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of
two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-d
of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
this   chapter,   OR   IN   ACCORDANCE   WITH   SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or contesting an allegation of liability
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of  this  chapter  or
contesting  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
hundred eighty-b of this chapter as appropriate, or making an appearance
within thirty days of the sending of  such  notice.  Pleas  entered  and
allegations  contested  within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.
Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who

S. 4524--A                         20

are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall  a  default
judgment  be  rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time
prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  or  contesting an allegation. When a
person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be  imposed  for
any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
shall  make  a  determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she
shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
was originally charged.
  § 7-b. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
law,  as  amended by section 7-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
amended to read as follows:
  1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the
person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER  OF  THE  PERSON
CHARGED,  or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the  person  charged,
or  the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities  incurred
in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, as
applicable, prior to rendering a  final  determination.  Final  determi-
nations  sustaining  or  dismissing  charges shall be entered on a final
determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records  show-
ing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation or CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, OR contest
an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or  contest  an allegation of liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter,  or
fails  to  contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or fails to contest an  allega-
tion  of  liability  incurred  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter, or fails to appear  on  a  designated  hearing
date  or  subsequent  adjourned  date or fails after a hearing to comply
with the determination of a hearing  examiner,  as  prescribed  by  this
article  or  by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead,
appear or comply shall be deemed, for  all  purposes,  an  admission  of
liability  and  shall  be  grounds  for rendering and entering a default
judgment in an amount provided by  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the
bureau.  However,  after  the expiration of the original date prescribed
for entering a plea and before a default judgment may  be  rendered,  in
such  case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law
notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail  as  the
commission  may  direct;  (1)  of the violation charged, OR LIABILITY IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
or  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
chapter, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
of this chapter, or alleged liability in accordance with section  eleven
hundred eleven-c of this chapter or alleged liability in accordance with
section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, (2) of the impending
default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil

S. 4524--A                         21

Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
be  avoided  by entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
or contesting an allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with  section
eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allegation of
liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this
chapter  or  contesting  an  allegation  of liability in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allega-
tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
this  chapter  or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending
of such notice. Pleas entered within that period shall be in the  manner
prescribed  in  the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or  owners  who
are  non-residents  of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of  impending  default
judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time
prescribed for entering a plea.  When a person has demanded  a  hearing,
no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding
of  the  hearing.  If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on
the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater  penalty
or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged.
  §  7-c. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 7-c of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this
chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED  IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER OF
THE  PERSON CHARGED, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-e  of  this  chapter  of  the  person
charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, as applicable, prior to render-
ing a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing
charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the
bureau  together  with  records showing payment and nonpayment of penal-
ties.
  2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
parking  violation  or  CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,  OR  contest
an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter  or  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or fails
to  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  incurred  in accordance with
section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or fails to appear on  a
designated  hearing  date  or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a
hearing to comply with the  determination  of  a  hearing  examiner,  as
prescribed  by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such
failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and  regulations  of

S. 4524--A                         22

the   bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original  date
prescribed for entering a plea and before  a  default  judgment  may  be
rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged OR
LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF
THIS  CHAPTER  or  liability  in  accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter or liability in accordance with section  eleven
hundred eleven-d of this chapter or liability in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter alleged, (2) of the impending
default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil
Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
be avoided by entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of
liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this
chapter or contesting an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with
section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or making an appearance
within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas  entered  within
that  period  shall  be  in  the manner prescribed in the notice and not
subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of  impending  default
judgment  shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof
in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of
New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be  rendered  or,  where
required,  a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two
years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering  a  plea.
When  a  person  has  demanded  a  hearing,  no fine or penalty shall be
imposed for any reason, prior to the holding  of  the  hearing.  If  the
hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining
them, he shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those  upon  which
the person was originally charged.
  §  7-d. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 7-d of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
the prior  parking  violations  record  OR  THE  RECORD  OF  LIABILITIES
INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF
THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED or the record of liabilities incurred
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this  chapter  of
the  person  charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of  this  chapter  of  the  person
charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination.  Final
determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing charges shall be entered on a
final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with  records
showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation or CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, OR contest
an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or  contest  an  allegation of liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or fails

S. 4524--A                         23

to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned  date  or
fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering
and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the  rules  and
regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged OR
LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF
THIS CHAPTER or liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e of this chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter alleged, (2) of the impending
default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil
Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
be avoided by entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of
liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this
chapter or making an appearance within thirty days  of  the  sending  of
such  notice.    Pleas entered within that period shall be in the manner
prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.
Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who
are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall  a  default
judgment  be  rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time
prescribed for entering a plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no
fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of
the  hearing.  If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the
charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no  greater  penalty  or  fine
than those upon which the person was originally charged.
  §  7-e. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 7-e of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that  the  charges  have been sustained he or she may examine the
prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  of  the
person  charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination
OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, AS APPLI-
CABLE, PRIOR TO RENDERING A FINAL DETERMINATION.   Final  determinations
sustaining  or  dismissing  charges shall be entered on a final determi-
nation roll maintained by  the  bureau  together  with  records  showing
payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or contest
an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred

S. 4524--A                         24

eleven-e of this chapter or fails to appear on a designated hearing date
or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the
determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by
rule  or  regulation  of  the  bureau,  such failure to plead, appear or
comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability  and
shall  be  grounds  for  rendering and entering a default judgment in an
amount provided by the rules and regulations  of  the  bureau.  However,
after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
and  before  a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau
shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such  operator
or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
(1)  of  the  violation  charged or liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN  ACCORD-
ANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, (2) of
the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will  be  entered
in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established,
or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the
entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
chapter  OR  CONTESTING  AN  ALLEGATION  OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or  making  an
appearance  within  thirty  days  of  the  sending of such notice. Pleas
entered within that period shall be in  the  manner  prescribed  in  the
notice  and  not  subject  to  additional penalty or fee. Such notice of
impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the  rendering
and  entry  thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-resi-
dents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be
rendered  or,  where required, a notice of impending default judgment be
sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time  prescribed
for  entering  a plea.  When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or
penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to  the  holding  of  the
hearing.  If  the  hearing  examiner  shall  make a determination on the
charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no  greater  penalty  or  fine
than those upon which the person was originally charged.
  §  7-f. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, subdivision 1 as added by chapter 715  of  the  laws  of  1972  and
subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that  the  charges  have been sustained he OR SHE may examine the
prior parking violations record OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER of
the person charged, AS APPLICABLE, prior to rendering a  final  determi-
nation.  Final  determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be
entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau  together
with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to
appear on a designated hearing date  or  subsequent  adjourned  date  or
fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering

S. 4524--A                         25

and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the  rules  and
regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
class  mail  as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged,
(2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such  judgment  will  be
entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  making  an
appearance  within  thirty  days  of  the  sending of such notice. Pleas
entered within that period shall be in  the  manner  prescribed  in  the
notice  and  not  subject  to  additional penalty or fee. Such notice of
impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the  rendering
and  entry  thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-resi-
dents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be
rendered  or,  where required, a notice of impending default judgment be
sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time  prescribed
for  entering  a  plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or
penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to  the  holding  of  the
hearing.  If  the  hearing  examiner  shall  make a determination on the
charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no  greater  penalty  or  fine
than those upon which the person was originally charged.
  §  8.  The  vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
1174-a to read as follows:
  § 1174-A. OWNER LIABILITY FOR OPERATOR ILLEGALLY OVERTAKING OR PASSING
A SCHOOL BUS. (A) 1.  NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF  LAW,  EACH
BOARD OF EDUCATION OR TRUSTEES OF A SCHOOL DISTRICT IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED
AND  EMPOWERED TO ADOPT AND AMEND A RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING A SCHOOL BUS
SAFETY CAMERA PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY  ON  THE  OWNER  OF  A
VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE. SUCH PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER A BOARD
OF  EDUCATION OR SCHOOL DISTRICT OR SCHOOL BUS TRANSPORTATION CONTRACTOR
THAT HAS CONTRACTED WITH SUCH SCHOOL  DISTRICT  TO  INSTALL  SCHOOL  BUS
SAFETY  CAMERAS  UPON  SCHOOL  BUSES OPERATED BY OR CONTRACTED WITH SUCH
DISTRICT.  PROVIDED FURTHER, NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW,
A COUNTY, CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE OR HAMLET LOCATED WITHIN A SCHOOL DISTRICT
("DISTRICT") IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED AND DIRECTED  TO  ADOPT  AND  AMEND  A
LOCAL  LAW OR ORDINANCE PRIOR TO AUTHORIZING A SCHOOL DISTRICT TO ESTAB-
LISH A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF
A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR  THEREOF  TO  COMPLY  WITH  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF THIS ARTICLE WHEN MEETING A SCHOOL BUS
MARKED AND EQUIPPED AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISIONS TWENTY AND  TWENTY-ONE-C
OF  SECTION  THREE  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER AND OPERATED IN
SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
THIS SECTION. SUCH  PROGRAM  SHALL  EMPOWER  SUCH  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN,
VILLAGE OR HAMLET TO AUTHORIZE SCHOOL DISTRICTS TO CONTRACT WITH A THIRD
PARTY  TO INSTALL AND OPERATE SCHOOL BUS SAFETY CAMERA SYSTEMS WHICH MAY
BE STATIONARY OR MOBILE, AND WHICH MAY  BE  INSTALLED,  PURSUANT  TO  AN
AGREEMENT WITH A SCHOOL DISTRICT WITHIN SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE
OR  HAMLET ON SCHOOL BUSES OWNED AND OPERATED BY SUCH SCHOOL DISTRICT OR
PRIVATELY OWNED AND OPERATED FOR COMPENSATION UNDER CONTRACT  WITH  SUCH
DISTRICT.
  2. SUCH PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES TO ENSURE, TO THE
EXTENT  PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS PRODUCED BY SUCH SCHOOL BUS SAFETY

S. 4524--A                         26

CAMERAS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY THE DRIVER,  THE  PASSEN-
GERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE.  PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT NO NOTICE
OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE DISMISSED SOLELY
BECAUSE  A PHOTOGRAPH OR PHOTOGRAPHS ALLOW FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE
CONTENTS OF A VEHICLE, PROVIDED THAT SUCH SCHOOL  DISTRICT  HAS  MADE  A
REASONABLE EFFORT TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH.
  (B)  IN ANY SCHOOL DISTRICT WHICH HAS ADOPTED A RESOLUTION PURSUANT TO
SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE  LIABLE
FOR  A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED
OR OPERATED WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE OWNER,  EXPRESS  OR  IMPLIED,  IN
VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF
THIS ARTICLE, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED  BY  INFORMATION  OBTAINED
FROM  A  SCHOOL  BUS  SAFETY CAMERA; PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A
VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO  THIS  SECTION
WHERE  THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING
VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF
THIS ARTICLE.
  (C)  FOR  PURPOSES  OF  THIS  SECTION,  "OWNER" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING
PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS CHAPTER. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION,
"SCHOOL BUS SAFETY CAMERA" SHALL  MEAN  AN  AUTOMATED  PHOTO  MONITORING
DEVICE AFFIXED TO THE OUTSIDE OF A SCHOOL BUS AND DESIGNED TO DETECT AND
STORE  VIDEOTAPE  AND ONE OR MORE IMAGES OF MOTOR VEHICLES THAT OVERTAKE
OR PASS SCHOOL BUSES IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE.
  (D)  NO  SCHOOL  DISTRICT OR SCHOOL BUS TRANSPORTATION CONTRACTOR THAT
HAS INSTALLED CAMERAS PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL ACCESS  THE  IMAGES
FROM  SUCH  CAMERAS BUT SHALL PROVIDE, PURSUANT TO AN AGREEMENT WITH THE
APPROPRIATE LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY OR AGENCIES, FOR THE PROPER  HANDLING
AND  CUSTODY  OF SUCH IMAGES FOR THE FORWARDING OF SUCH IMAGES FROM SUCH
CAMERAS TO A LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY HAVING JURISDICTION IN THE  AREA  IN
WHICH  THE  VIOLATION  OCCURRED  FOR  THE  PURPOSE  OF IMPOSING MONETARY
LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE FOR  ILLEGALLY  OVERTAKING  OR
PASSING  A  SCHOOL BUS IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE. AFTER RECEIPT  OF  SUCH  IMAGES  A
POLICE  OFFICER  SHALL  INSPECT  SUCH  VIDEOTAPE AND IMAGES TO DETERMINE
WHETHER A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  SEVEN-
TY-FOUR  OF  THIS  ARTICLE  WAS COMMITTED. UPON SUCH A FINDING A CERTIF-
ICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY AN OFFICER OF SUCH AGENCY, OR A FACSIMILE
THEREOF, BASED UPON INSPECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDE-
OTAPE  OR  OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY A SCHOOL BUS SAFETY CAMERA,
SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTO-
GRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES  EVIDENCING
SUCH  A VIOLATION SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION IN ANY PROCEEDING TO
ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION.
  (E) AN OWNER FOUND LIABLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION FOR A VIOLATION  OF
SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE
SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A MONETARY PENALTY OF TWO HUNDRED FIFTY DOLLARS.
  (E-1) PAYMENT OF THE MONETARY PENALTY IMPOSED BY  SUBDIVISION  (E)  OF
THIS  SECTION  SHALL  BE  PAYABLE  TO THE COUNTY, CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE OR
HAMLET LOCATED WITHIN THE SCHOOL DISTRICT.  NOTHING HEREIN SHALL PREVENT
THE COUNTY, CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE OR  HAMLET  LOCATED  WITHIN  THE  SCHOOL
DISTRICT  FROM  ENTERING  INTO  A  MEMORANDUM  OF UNDERSTANDING WITH THE
SCHOOL DISTRICT AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY TO RETURN A PORTION  OF
SUCH  PENALTY  RECEIVED TO THE SCHOOL DISTRICT AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY, PROVIDED HOWEVER, IN NO CASE SHALL SUCH PORTION  RETURNED  TO  A
LOCAL  LAW  ENFORCEMENT  AGENCY  EXCEED  TWENTY  PERCENT  OF  THE AMOUNT

S. 4524--A                         27

RECEIVED BY THE COUNTY, CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE OR HAMLET LOCATED WITHIN THE
SCHOOL DISTRICT.
  (F)  AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED
A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR AND SHALL NOT BE MADE PART OF THE  OPERATING
RECORD OF THE PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT BE
USED  FOR INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE
COVERAGE.
  (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL  BE  SENT  BY  THE  RESPECTIVE  LAW
ENFORCEMENT  AGENCY  BY  FIRST  CLASS  MAIL TO EACH PERSON ALLEGED TO BE
LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION. PERSONAL
DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT  BE  REQUIRED.  A  MANUAL  OR  AUTOMATIC
RECORD  OF  MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS SHALL BE
PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN.
  2. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME  AND  ADDRESS  OF  THE
PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
(A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO
THIS  SECTION,  THE  REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VEHICLE INVOLVED IN SUCH
VIOLATION, THE LOCATION WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK PLACE,  THE  DATE  AND
TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION AND THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE CAMERA WHICH
RECORDED THE VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR NUMBER.
  3.  THE  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE
PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE  MAY  CONTEST  THE
LIABILITY  ALLEGED  IN  THE  NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO
CONTAIN A WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSONS CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO  CONTEST
IN  THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF LIABIL-
ITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
  4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE RESPEC-
TIVE LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY HAVING JURISDICTION OVER THE LOCATION  WHERE
THE VIOLATION OCCURRED.
  (H)  ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS SECTION
SHALL BE BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO  SECTION
THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY OF THE GENERAL MUNICIPAL LAW OR, IF THERE BE NONE,
BY  THE  COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OVER TRAFFIC INFRACTIONS, EXCEPT THAT
ANY CITY WHICH HAS ESTABLISHED OR DESIGNATED AN ADMINISTRATIVE  TRIBUNAL
TO HEAR AND DETERMINE OWNER LIABILITY ESTABLISHED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR
OF  THIS  CHAPTER FOR FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH TRAFFIC-CONTROL INDICATIONS
SHALL USE SUCH TRIBUNAL TO ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  IMPOSED  BY  THIS
SECTION.
  (I)  IF  AN  OWNER  RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE WAS REPORTED  TO  A
POLICE  DEPARTMENT AS HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO
AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION
THAT  THE VEHICLE HAD BEEN REPORTED TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE
TIME THE VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD NOT BEEN RECOVERED BY SUCH TIME. FOR
PURPOSES OF ASSERTING THE DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION IT  SHALL
BE  SUFFICIENT  THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN
VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO THE  TRAFFIC  VIOLATIONS  BUREAU,
COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OR PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
  (J)  WHERE  THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS PURSUANT
TO THIS SECTION IS BY AN  ADMINISTRATIVE  TRIBUNAL,  TRAFFIC  VIOLATIONS
BUREAU,  OR  A  COURT HAVING JURISDICTION, AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A
VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT  TO  SUBDIVI-
SION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
VISION  (A)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE,

S. 4524--A                         28

PROVIDED THAT HE OR SHE SENDS TO THE  ADMINISTRATIVE  TRIBUNAL,  TRAFFIC
VIOLATIONS  BUREAU,  OR  COURT HAVING JURISDICTION A COPY OF THE RENTAL,
LEASE OR OTHER SUCH CONTRACT DOCUMENT COVERING SUCH VEHICLE ON THE  DATE
OF  THE VIOLATION, WITH THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE CLEARLY LEGI-
BLE, WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU  OR
COURT  OF  THE  DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER
INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF  LIABILITY.  FAILURE  TO
SEND  SUCH  INFORMATION  WITHIN  SUCH THIRTY-SEVEN DAY TIME PERIOD SHALL
RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE  PENALTY  PRESCRIBED  BY  THIS  SECTION.
WHERE  THE  LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBDIVISION, THE
LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED  TO
BE  THE  OWNER  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE
SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR THE VIOLATION OF  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF  SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND
SHALL  BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS
SECTION.
  (K) 1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF
SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION WAS NOT  THE  OPERATOR  OF  THE  VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE
VIOLATION,  THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST
THE OPERATOR.
  2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF  A
VEHICLE  SHALL  BE  SUBJECT  TO A MONETARY FINE IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR WAS FOUND TO HAVE
BEEN OVERTAKING OR PASSING A SCHOOL BUS. FOR PURPOSES OF  THIS  SUBDIVI-
SION  THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS
OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT  THE  TIME  SUCH
OPERATOR WAS FOUND TO HAVE BEEN OVERTAKING OR PASSING A SCHOOL BUS.
  (L)  NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY
OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE.
  (M)  IN  ANY  SCHOOL  DISTRICT WHICH ADOPTS A SCHOOL BUS SAFETY CAMERA
PROGRAM PURSUANT  TO  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF  THIS  SECTION,  SUCH  SCHOOL
DISTRICT  SHALL SUBMIT AN ANNUAL REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF ITS
SCHOOL BUS SAFETY CAMERAS TO THE GOVERNOR, THE  TEMPORARY  PRESIDENT  OF
THE  SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY ON OR BEFORE JUNE FIRST, TWO
THOUSAND NINETEEN AND ON THE SAME DATE IN EACH SUCCEEDING YEAR IN  WHICH
THE  PROGRAM  IS OPERABLE. SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE, BUT NOT BE LIMITED
TO:
  1. A DESCRIPTION OF THE NUMBER OF BUSES AND ROUTES  WHERE  SCHOOL  BUS
SAFETY CAMERAS WERE USED;
  2.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF ACCIDENTS REPORTED AT
LOCATIONS WHERE SCHOOL BUS CAMERAS ARE USED, TO THE EXTENT THE  INFORMA-
TION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES IN THIS STATE;
  3.  THE AGGREGATE NUMBER OF ANNUAL INCIDENTS OF VIOLATIONS OF SUBDIVI-
SION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS  ARTICLE  WITHIN
THE DISTRICT;
  4.  THE  NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SCHOOL BUS SAFETY CAMERAS IN
THE AGGREGATE AND ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
  5. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF NOTICES  OF  LIABILITY  ISSUED  FOR  VIOLATIONS
RECORDED BY SUCH CAMERAS;
  6.  THE  NUMBER  OF  FINES  AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER FIRST
NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH CAMERAS;

S. 4524--A                         29

  7. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND RESULTS  OF  SUCH  ADJUDI-
CATIONS   INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS  OF  DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR  VIOLATIONS
RECORDED BY SUCH CAMERAS;
  8. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY SUCH CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE OR
HAMLET FROM SUCH ADJUDICATIONS;
  9.  EXPENSES  INCURRED  BY SUCH CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, HAMLET, OR SCHOOL
DISTRICT IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM;
  10. QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS; AND
  11. A DESCRIPTION OF PUBLIC EDUCATION  ACTIVITIES  CONDUCTED  TO  WARN
MOTORISTS OF THE DANGERS OF OVERTAKING AND PASSING STOPPED SCHOOL BUSES.
  (N) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
VISION  (A)  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE THAT
SUCH SCHOOL BUS SAFETY CAMERAS WERE MALFUNCTIONING AT THE  TIME  OF  THE
ALLEGED VIOLATION.
  §  9.  The  opening  paragraph  and  paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of
section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10 of
chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of  this
state  result  in  a  conviction  for an offense under this chapter or a
traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule
or  regulation  adopted  pursuant  to this chapter, other than a traffic
infraction involving standing, stopping, or  parking  or  violations  by
pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-a  of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of
an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an  adjudication  in  accordance
with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of
a bus lane restriction as defined in such  section,  or  other  than  an
adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)
of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of this chapter in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  adju-
dication  of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),
(c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  or
other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven  hundred  eighty
of  this  chapter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of
this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
ter,  OR  OTHER  THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A
VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
there shall be levied a crime victim  assistance  fee  and  a  mandatory
surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in
accordance with the following schedule:
  (c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a  court  of
this  state  result  in  a  conviction for an offense under this chapter
other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this
chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter,  or  a  local  law,
ordinance,  rule  or  regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other
than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping,  or  parking  or
violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication

S. 4524--A                         30

of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-a of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  infraction  pursuant
to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil-
ity  of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant
to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than
an  adjudication  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of
this chapter for a violation of a bus lane  restriction  as  defined  in
such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
a  violation  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
an  owner  for  a  violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, or other than  an  adjudication
of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  OR  OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF
LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime victim assist-
ance fee in the amount of five dollars and  a  mandatory  surcharge,  in
addition  to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of
fifty-five dollars.
  § 9-a. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
as  amended  by  section  10-a  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
amended to read as follows:
  1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule
or  regulation  adopted  pursuant  to this chapter, other than a traffic
infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equip-
ment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an  adju-
dication  of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than  an  adjudication
of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  for  a
violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi-
vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter  in  accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,
or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation

S. 4524--A                         31

of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
y-c of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of  liability  of  an
owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR
A  VIOLATION  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence
required or permitted by law, in the amount of twenty-five dollars.
  §  9-b.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
as amended by section 10-b of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
amended to read as follows:
  1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdi-
vision  (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation
of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred
eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
y-c  of  this  chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an
owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR
A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence
required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
  § 9-c. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
as  amended  by  section  10-c  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
amended to read as follows:
  1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),
(f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  in  accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than
an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this  chapter,
or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter  in
accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or
other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in

S. 4524--A                         32

accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  OR
OTHER  THAN  AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be
levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any  sentence  required  or
permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
  §  9-d.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
as amended by section 10-d of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
amended to read as follows:
  1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),  (c),  (d),
(f)  or  (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, or other than
an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
(d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  adju-
dication  of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION
OF  LIABILITY  OF  AN  OWNER  FOR  A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  there  shall  be  levied a mandatory
surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law,  in
the amount of seventeen dollars.
  §  9-e.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
as amended by section 10-e of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
amended to read as follows:
  1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-d of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  OR  OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF
LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge,
in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the  amount
of seventeen dollars.
  §  9-f.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
as amended by section 10-f of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
amended to read as follows:
  1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section

S. 4524--A                         33

eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  OR  OTHER  THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION  OF
LIABILITY  OF  AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge,
in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the  amount
of seventeen dollars.
  §  9-g.  Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
as separately amended by chapter 16 of the laws of 1983 and  chapter  62
of the laws of 1989, is amended to read as follows:
  1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION
OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS  CHAPTER,  there  shall  be  levied  a  mandatory
surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in
the amount of seventeen dollars.
  § 10. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e  of  the  vehicle
and  traffic law, as amended by section 11 of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chap-
ter,  and  except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with section eleven
hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
restriction  as  defined  in such section, and except an adjudication of
liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)
or  (g)  of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance
with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter,  and  except  an
adjudication  of  liability  of  an owner for a violation of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this  chapter,
and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
toll collection  regulations  pursuant  to  section  two  thousand  nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any
sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted  by  law,  an
additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.

S. 4524--A                         34

  §  10-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 11-a of chapter 222 of  the  laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER,  and  except  an adjudication in accordance with section eleven
hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
restriction  as  defined  in such section, and except an adjudication of
liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)
or  (g)  of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance
with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter,  and  except  an
adjudication  of  liability  of  an owner for a violation of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this  chapter,
and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
toll collection  regulations  pursuant  to  section  two  thousand  nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any
sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted  by  law,  an
additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  §  10-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 11-b of chapter 222 of  the  laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b  of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an
owner for a violation of subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eighty-c of this chapter, and except an adjudication of
liability of an owner for a violation  of  toll  collection  regulations

S. 4524--A                         35

pursuant  to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public
authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of  chap-
ter  seven  hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty,
there  shall  be  levied  in  addition to any sentence, penalty or other
surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twen-
ty-eight dollars.
  § 10-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
and  traffic  law, as amended by section 11-c of chapter 222 of the laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-c of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of  an
owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section
two  thousand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or
sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty, there shall be
levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required
or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  §  10-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 11-d of chapter 222 of  the  laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section  two  thou-
sand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required  or  permitted  by
law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.

S. 4524--A                         36

  §  10-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 11-e of chapter 222 of  the  laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
violation  of  toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thou-
sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or  sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
to  any  sentence,  penalty  or other surcharge required or permitted by
law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  § 10-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
and  traffic law, as amended by section 5 of part C of chapter 55 of the
laws of 2013, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS
CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section  two  thou-
sand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required  or  permitted  by
law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  §  11.  Subdivision  1 of section 371 of the general municipal law, as
amended by section 12 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to
read as follows:
  1.  A  traffic  violations  bureau so established may be authorized to
dispose of violations of traffic laws, ordinances, rules and regulations
when such offenses shall not constitute the traffic infraction known  as
speeding  or a misdemeanor or felony, and, if authorized by local law or
ordinance, to adjudicate the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of
subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of the vehicle and
traffic law in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a  of  such
law  or section eleven hundred eleven-b of such law as added by sections
sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws  of
two  thousand  nine  which  amended  this subdivision, or section eleven

S. 4524--A                         37

hundred eleven-d of such law, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of such
law OR SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF SUCH LAW.
  §  11-a.  Section  371  of  the  general  municipal law, as amended by
section 12-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to  read  as
follows:
  §  371.  Jurisdiction  and  procedure.  A traffic violations bureau so
established may be authorized to dispose of violations of traffic  laws,
ordinances,  rules  and regulations when such offenses shall not consti-
tute the traffic infraction known as speeding or a misdemeanor or  felo-
ny,  and,  if  authorized  by  local law or ordinance, to adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred eleven of the vehicle and traffic law in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  such  law as added by sections sixteen of
chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of  two  thou-
sand  nine which amended this section or section eleven hundred eleven-d
of such law or section eleven hundred eleven-e of such law,  OR  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  SUCH  LAW,  by  permitting a person
charged with an offense within the limitations herein stated, to answer,
within a specified time, at the traffic  violations  bureau,  either  in
person or by written power of attorney in such form as may be prescribed
in  the  ordinance creating the bureau, by paying a prescribed fine and,
in writing, waiving a hearing in court, pleading guilty to the charge or
admitting liability as an owner for the violation of subdivision (d)  of
section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of the vehicle and traffic law, as the
case may be, and authorizing the person in charge of the bureau to  make
such a plea or admission and pay such a fine in court. Acceptance of the
prescribed  fine  and  power  of  attorney by the bureau shall be deemed
complete satisfaction for the violation or of  the  liability,  and  the
violator  or  owner liable for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of the vehicle and traffic law shall  be  given  a
receipt  which  so  states. If a person charged with a traffic violation
does not answer as hereinbefore prescribed, within  a  designated  time,
the  bureau  shall  cause  a  complaint to be entered against him or her
forthwith and a warrant to be issued for his or her arrest  and  appear-
ance  before  the  court.  Any  person  who  shall have been, within the
preceding twelve months, guilty of a number  of  parking  violations  in
excess  of  such maximum number as may be designated by the court, or of
three or more violations other than parking  violations,  shall  not  be
permitted  to appear and answer to a subsequent violation at the traffic
violations bureau, but must appear in court at a time specified  by  the
bureau.  Such  traffic  violations  bureau  shall  not  be authorized to
deprive a person of his or her right to counsel or to prevent him or her
from exercising his or her right  to  appear  in  court  to  answer  to,
explain,  or  defend any charge of a violation of any traffic law, ordi-
nance, rule or regulation.
  § 11-b. Section 371 of  the  general  municipal  law,  as  amended  by
section  12-b  of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
follows:
  § 371. Jurisdiction and procedure.  A  traffic  violations  bureau  so
established  may be authorized to dispose of violations of traffic laws,
ordinances, rules and regulations when such offenses shall  not  consti-
tute  the traffic infraction known as speeding or a misdemeanor or felo-
ny, and, if authorized by local law  or  ordinance,  to  adjudicate  the
liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven
hundred eleven of the vehicle and traffic law in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred  eleven-e  OR  SECTION

S. 4524--A                         38

ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A of the vehicle and traffic law, by permit-
ting  a  person  charged  with  an offense within the limitations herein
stated, to answer, within a specified time, at  the  traffic  violations
bureau, either in person or by written power of attorney in such form as
may  be  prescribed  in  the  ordinance creating the bureau, by paying a
prescribed fine and, in writing, waiving a hearing  in  court,  pleading
guilty  to  the  charge  or  admitting  liability  as  an  owner for the
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven  hundred  eleven  of  the
vehicle  and traffic law, as the case may be, and authorizing the person
in charge of the bureau to make such a plea or admission and pay such  a
fine  in  court. Acceptance of the prescribed fine and power of attorney
by the bureau shall be deemed complete satisfaction for the violation or
of the liability, and the violator or owner liable for  a  violation  of
subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of the vehicle and
traffic law shall be given a  receipt  which  so  states.  If  a  person
charged  with  a  traffic  violation  does  not  answer  as hereinbefore
prescribed, within a designated time, the bureau shall cause a complaint
to be entered against him or her forthwith and a warrant  to  be  issued
for  his  or  her arrest and appearance before the court. Any person who
shall have been, within the preceding twelve months, guilty of a  number
of  parking violations in excess of such maximum number as may be desig-
nated by the court, or of three or more violations  other  than  parking
violations,  shall not be permitted to appear and answer to a subsequent
violation at the traffic violations bureau, but must appear in court  at
a time specified by the bureau. Such traffic violations bureau shall not
be  authorized  to deprive a person of his or her right to counsel or to
prevent him or her from exercising his or her right to appear  in  court
to  answer to, explain, or defend any charge of a violation of any traf-
fic law, ordinance, rule or regulation.
  § 11-c. Section 371 of  the  general  municipal  law,  as  amended  by
section  12-c  of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
follows:
  § 371. Jurisdiction and procedure.  A  traffic  violations  bureau  so
established  may be authorized to dispose of violations of traffic laws,
ordinances, rules and regulations when such offenses shall  not  consti-
tute  the traffic infraction known as speeding or a misdemeanor or felo-
ny, and, if authorized by local law  or  ordinance,  to  adjudicate  the
liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven
hundred eleven of the vehicle and traffic law in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of the vehicle and traffic law, AND, IF  AUTHOR-
IZED  BY  LOCAL  LAW OR ORDINANCE, TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS
FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND
TRAFFIC LAW IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF
THE  VEHICLE  AND  TRAFFIC  LAW  by  permitting a person charged with an
offense within the limitations herein stated, to answer, within a speci-
fied time, at the traffic violations bureau,  either  in  person  or  by
written power of attorney in such form as may be prescribed in the ordi-
nance  creating the bureau, by paying a prescribed fine and, in writing,
waiving a hearing in court, pleading guilty to the charge  or  admitting
liability as an owner for violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven
hundred  eleven  of  the vehicle and traffic law, as the case may be, OR
ADMITTING LIABILITY AS AN  OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, AS THE CASE MAY BE,
and  authorizing  the person in charge of the bureau to make such a plea
or admission and pay such a fine in court. Acceptance of the  prescribed
fine and power of attorney by the bureau shall be deemed complete satis-

S. 4524--A                         39

faction for the violation or of the liability, and the violator or owner
liable  for  a  violation  of  subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
eleven of the vehicle and traffic law OR OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW shall
be  given  a receipt which so states. If a person charged with a traffic
violation does not answer as hereinbefore prescribed,  within  a  desig-
nated time, the bureau shall cause a complaint to be entered against him
or  her  forthwith  and a warrant to be issued for his or her arrest and
appearance before the court. Any person who shall have been, within  the
preceding  twelve  months,  guilty  of a number of parking violations in
excess of such maximum number as may be designated by the court,  or  of
three  or  more  violations  other than parking violations, shall not be
permitted to appear and answer to a subsequent violation at the  traffic
violations  bureau,  but must appear in court at a time specified by the
bureau. Such traffic  violations  bureau  shall  not  be  authorized  to
deprive a person of his or her right to counsel or to prevent him or her
from  exercising  his  or  her  right  to  appear in court to answer to,
explain, or defend any charge of a violation of any traffic  law,  ordi-
nance, rule or regulation.
  §  11-d. Section 371 of the general municipal law, as amended by chap-
ter 802 of the laws of 1949, is amended to read as follows:
  § 371. Jurisdiction and procedure.  A  traffic  violations  bureau  so
established  may be authorized to dispose of violations of traffic laws,
ordinances, rules and regulations when such offenses shall  not  consti-
tute  the traffic infraction known as speeding or a misdemeanor or felo-
ny, AND, IF AUTHORIZED BY LOCAL LAW  OR  ORDINANCE,  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE
LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-
FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW by permitting a
person charged with an offense within the limitations herein stated,  to
answer,  within  a  specified  time,  at  the traffic violations bureau,
either in person or by written power of attorney in such form as may  be
prescribed  in the ordinance creating the bureau, by paying a prescribed
fine and, in writing, waiving a hearing in court, pleading guilty to the
charge, OR ADMITTING LIABILITY AS AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, AS THE CASE
MAY BE and authorizing the person in charge of the bureau to make such a
plea OR ADMISSION and pay such a fine  in  court.    Acceptance  of  the
prescribed  fine  and  power  of  attorney by the bureau shall be deemed
complete satisfaction for the  violation,  and  the  violator  OR  OWNER
LIABLE  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE
VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW shall be given a receipt which so states.  If  a
person  charged with a traffic violation does not answer as hereinbefore
prescribed, within a designated time, the bureau shall cause a complaint
to be entered against him OR HER forthwith and a warrant  to  be  issued
for  his  OR  HER arrest and appearance before the court. Any person who
shall have been, within the preceding twelve months, guilty of a  number
of  parking violations in excess of such maximum number as may be desig-
nated by the court, or of three or more violations  other  than  parking
violations,  shall not be permitted to appear and answer to a subsequent
violation at the traffic violations bureau, but must appear in court  at
a time specified by the bureau. Such traffic violations bureau shall not
be  authorized  to deprive a person of his OR HER right to counsel or to
prevent him OR HER from exercising his OR HER right to appear  in  court
to  answer to, explain, or defend any charge of a violation of any traf-
fic law, ordinance, rule or regulation.

S. 4524--A                         40

  § 12. Subdivision 2 of section  87  of  the  public  officers  law  is
amended by adding a new paragraph (p) to read as follows:
  (P)  ARE  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
IMAGES PREPARED UNDER AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A
OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
  § 13. Section 1604 of the education law is amended  by  adding  a  new
subdivision 43 to read as follows:
  43. TO PASS, IN THE DISCRETION OF THE TRUSTEES, A RESOLUTION AUTHORIZ-
ING  THE  USE  OF  SCHOOL BUS CAMERAS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT  THE  TRUS-
TEES  MAY ALSO ENTER INTO CONTRACTS WITH A THIRD PARTY FOR THE INSTALLA-
TION, ADMINISTRATION, OPERATION, NOTICE PROCESSING, AND  MAINTENANCE  OF
SUCH  CAMERAS  PURSUANT  TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THE
VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE  PURCHASE,  LEASE,  INSTALLA-
TION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, OR ANY OTHER COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH SUCH
CAMERAS SHALL BE CONSIDERED AN AIDABLE EXPENSE PURSUANT TO SECTION THIR-
TY-SIX HUNDRED TWENTY-THREE-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
  §  14.  Section  1709  of the education law is amended by adding a new
subdivision 43 to read as follows:
  43. TO PASS A RESOLUTION, IN THE DISCRETION OF THE BOARD,  AUTHORIZING
THE  USE OF SCHOOL BUS CAMERAS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT  THE  BOARD  MAY
ALSO  ENTER  INTO  CONTRACTS  WITH  A  THIRD PARTY FOR THE INSTALLATION,
ADMINISTRATION, OPERATION, NOTICE PROCESSING, AND  MAINTENANCE  OF  SUCH
CAMERAS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THE VEHICLE
AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE PURCHASE, LEASE, INSTALLATION, OPERA-
TION  AND  MAINTENANCE,  OR ANY OTHER COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH SUCH CAMERAS
SHALL BE CONSIDERED AN AIDABLE EXPENSE PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  THIRTY-SIX
HUNDRED TWENTY-THREE-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
  § 15. Operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems with-
in  a  school  district in accordance with section 1174-a of the vehicle
and traffic law. 1. The governing body of any county and  the  municipal
officers  and  boards  in the several cities, towns and villages located
within a school district which have adopted  local  laws  or  ordinances
pursuant to section 1174-a of the vehicle and traffic law establishing a
demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with  section  1174
of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law when meeting a school bus marked and
equipped as provided in subdivisions 20 and 21-c of section 375  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law  and  operated  in such county, city, town or
village, are each hereby authorized to enter into an agreement with  the
applicable  school  district  ("district") for the installation, mainte-
nance and use of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, for  the
proper  handling  and  custody  of  photographs, microphotographs, vide-
otapes, other recorded images and data produced by such systems, and for
the forwarding of such photographs, microphotographs, videotapes,  other
recorded  images  and  data  to  the  applicable  county,  city, town or
village, subject to the provisions of this section and section 1174-a of
the vehicle and traffic law.  Provided, however, that where  a  district
has entered an agreement as provided hereunder with a county, no cities,
towns  or  villages within the same county may enter into, or be a party
to, any agreement with such district pursuant to this section.  Provided
further,  however, that no county shall enter an agreement with any city
school district wholly contained within a city.
  2. No agreement with the applicable school district shall take  effect
until  a  county, city, town or village located within such district has

S. 4524--A                         41

adopted a local law or ordinance as authorized  by  subdivision  (a)  of
section  1174-a  of  the  vehicle and traffic law.   Except as otherwise
provided herein, subsequent counties, cities, towns and villages  within
such  district  may  enter into the agreement with the district provided
that they have adopted a local law or ordinance as authorized by  subdi-
vision (a) of section 1174-a of the vehicle and traffic law.
  § 16. For the purpose of informing and educating owners of motor vehi-
cles in this state, any county not wholly contained within a city, city,
town or village authorized to issue notices of liability pursuant to the
provisions  of  this act may, during the first sixty-day period in which
school bus safety cameras are in operation pursuant to the provisions of
this act within such county, city, town  or  village,  issue  a  written
warning in lieu of a notice of liability to all owners of motor vehicles
who would be held liable for failure of operators thereof to comply with
section  1174  of  the vehicle and traffic law when meeting a school bus
marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions 20 and 21-c  of  section
375 of such law.
  §  17.  This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall
have become a law; provided that:
  (a) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle  and
traffic law made by section one of this act shall not affect the expira-
tion  of  such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon such date the provisions of section one-a of this  act  shall  take
effect;
  (b)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-a of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-b of this act shall take effect;
  (c)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-b of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-c of this act shall take effect;
  (d)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-c of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-d of this act shall take effect;
  (e)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-d of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-e of this act shall take effect;
  (f)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-e of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-f of this act shall take effect;
  (g)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-f of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-g of this act shall take effect;
  (h)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section two of this act shall not affect the expira-
tion of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when
upon  such  date  the provisions of section two-a of this act shall take
effect;
  (i) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle  and
traffic law made by section two-a of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when

S. 4524--A                         42

upon  such  date  the provisions of section two-b of this act shall take
effect;
  (j)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section two-b of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon such date the provisions of section two-c of this  act  shall  take
effect;
  (k)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section two-c of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon such date the provisions of section two-d of this  act  shall  take
effect;
  (l)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section two-d of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon such date the provisions of section two-e of this  act  shall  take
effect;
  (m)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section two-e of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon such date the provisions of section two-f of this  act  shall  take
effect;
  (n)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four of this act  shall  not
affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-a of  this
act shall take effect;
  (o)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-a of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section four-b of this
act shall take effect;
  (p) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section  239  of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-b of this act shall not
affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-c of  this
act shall take effect;
  (q)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-c of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section four-d of this
act shall take effect;
  (r) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section  239  of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-d of this act shall not
affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-e of  this
act shall take effect;
  (s)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-e of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section four-f of this
act shall take effect;
  (t) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of  section  240  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law  made  by  section five of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire

S. 4524--A                         43

therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-a of  this
act shall take effect;
  (u)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section five-a of  this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-b of this
act shall take effect;
  (v) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of  section  240  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-b of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-c of  this
act shall take effect;
  (w)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section five-c of  this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-d of this
act shall take effect;
  (x) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of  section  240  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-d of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-e of  this
act shall take effect;
  (y)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section five-e of  this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-f of this
act shall take effect;
  (z) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2  of  section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six of this act shall
not  affect  the  expiration  of  such paragraphs and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-a of
this act shall take effect;
  (aa) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of  section
240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-a of this act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-b
of this act shall take effect;
  (bb)  the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  six-b  of  this  act
shall  not  affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed
to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-c
of this act shall take effect;
  (cc) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of  section
240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-c of this act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-d
of this act shall take effect;
  (dd)  the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  six-d  of  this  act
shall  not  affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed
to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-e
of this act shall take effect;
  (ee) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of  section
240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-e of this act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed

S. 4524--A                         44

to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-f
of this act shall take effect;
  (ff)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section seven  of  this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-a of this
act shall take effect;
  (gg)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-a of this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-b of this
act shall take effect;
  (hh)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-b of this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-c of this
act shall take effect;
  (ii)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-c of this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-d of this
act shall take effect;
  (jj)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-d of this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-e of this
act shall take effect;
  (kk)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-e of this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-f of this
act shall take effect;
  (ll)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section nine of this act shall  not  affect  the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
when upon such date the provisions of section nine-a of this  act  shall
take effect;
  (mm)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section nine-a of this act shall not affect  the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
when upon such date the provisions of section nine-b of this  act  shall
take effect;
  (nn)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section nine-b of this act shall not affect  the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
when upon such date the provisions of section nine-c of this  act  shall
take effect;
  (oo)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section nine-c of this act shall not affect  the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
when upon such date the provisions of section nine-d of this  act  shall
take effect;
  (pp)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section nine-d of this act shall not affect  the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,

S. 4524--A                         45

when upon such date the provisions of section nine-e of this  act  shall
take effect;
  (qq)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section nine-e of this act shall not affect  the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
when upon such date the provisions of section nine-f of this  act  shall
take effect;
  (rr)  the  amendments  to subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle
and traffic law made by section nine-f of this act shall not affect  the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
when upon such date the provisions of section nine-g of this  act  shall
take effect;
  (ss)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section ten-a of this
act shall take effect;
  (tt) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section  1809-e
of  the  vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-a of this act shall
not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-b of
this act shall take effect;
  (uu)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-b of this  act  shall
not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-c of
this act shall take effect;
  (vv) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section  1809-e
of  the  vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-c of this act shall
not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-d of
this act shall take effect;
  (ww)  the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-d of this  act  shall
not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-e of
this act shall take effect;
  (xx) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section  1809-e
of  the  vehicle and traffic law made by section ten-e of this act shall
not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section ten-f of
this act shall take effect;
  (yy) the amendments made to subdivision 1 of section 371 of the gener-
al municipal law made by section eleven of this act shall not affect the
expiration  of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith,
when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-a of this act shall
take effect;
  (zz) the amendments made to section 371 of the general  municipal  law
made  by section eleven-a of this act shall not affect the expiration of
such section and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when  upon  such
date the provisions of section eleven-b of this act shall take effect;
  (aaa)  the amendments made to section 371 of the general municipal law
made by section eleven-b of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
date the provisions of section eleven-c of this act shall  take  effect;
and

S. 4524--A                         46

  (bbb)  the amendments made to section 371 of the general municipal law
made by section eleven-c of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
date the provisions of section eleven-d of this act shall take effect.

Co-Sponsors

S4524B (ACTIVE) - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A4950
Law Section:: Vehicle and Traffic Law
Laws Affected:: Amd V & T L, generally; amd §371, Gen Muni L; amd §87, Pub Off L; amd §§1604, 1709, 2503, 2554 & 2590-h, Ed L

S4524B (ACTIVE) - Summary

S4524B (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

 
BILL NUMBER: S4524B

SPONSOR: KENNEDY
 
TITLE OF BILL:  An act to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in
relation to school bus safety cameras and owner liability for operator
illegally overtaking or passing a school bus; to amend the general
municipal law, in relation to jurisdiction and procedure; to amend the
public officers law, in relation to certain photographs, videotapes or
other recorded images; and to amend the education law, in relation to
authorizing school districts to enter into agreements for the installa-
tion and use of school bus safety cameras

 
PURPOSE OR GENERAL IDEA OF BILL:

This legislation is intended to protect the health, safety, and welfare
of schoolchildren riding school buses.

 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

Sections 1 through 8-g amend provisions of Article 2-B of the Vehicle
and Traffic Law (VTL) in relation to parking violations bureau adjudi-

cation of notices of liability issued for the failure of motor vehicle
operators to comply with VTL § 1174 (overtaking and passing stopped
school buses displaying red visual signals);

Section 9 establishes a demonstration program authorizing counties not
wholly contained with a city, cities, towns and villages to enact local
laws or ordinances imposing liability on vehicle owners for the failure
of motor vehicle operators to comply with VTL § 1174 (overtaking and
passing stopped school buses displaying red visual signals), within
parameters established by this section. The demonstration program would
empower these municipalities to install and operate school bus photo
violation monitoring systems (stationary or mobile), which could be
installed on school buses owned or operated by the school district with-
in the municipality pursuant to an agreement. All costs would be borne
by the municipalities subject to the agreements;

Sections 10 through 11-f amend VTL §§ 1809 and 1809-e to exempt notices
of liability issued under the school bus photo violation monitoring
demonstration program from mandatory State traffic ticket surcharges;

Section 12 amends VTL § 1803 to provide for the distribution of fines
and penalties collected under demonstration programs established by
counties;

Sections 13 through 13-d amend General Municipal Law (GML) § 371 in
relation to traffic violations bureau adjudication of notices of liabil-
ity issued for the failure of motor vehicle operators to comply with VTL
§ 1174 (overtaking and passing stopped school buses displaying red visu-
al signals);

Sections 14 and 14-a amend GML § 371(2) in relation to Nassau and
Suffolk County traffic and parking violations agencies' assistance to
the respective counties' district courts in the disposition and adminis-
tration of liability of motor vehicle owners for operators' failure to
comply with VTL § 1174 (overtaking and passing stopped school buses
displaying red visual signals);


Section 15 amends Public Officers Law § 87 to exempt photographs, micro-
photographs, videotape, or other recorded images prepared under the
school bus photo violation monitoring demonstration program from freedom
of information law disclosure;

Section 16 requires that the purchase or lease of equipment for the
school bus photo violation monitoring demonstration program be subject
to GML § 103 (relating to procurement requirements);

Sections 17 through 21 amend Education Law §§ 1604, 1709, 2503, 2554,
and 2590-h to authorize common school districts, union free school
districts, city school districts in cities with a population below
125,000, city school districts in cities with a population above
125,000, and the New York City school district to enter agreements with
municipalities within such districts for the installation and use of
school bus photo violation monitoring systems;

Section 22 adds a provision to the Unconsolidated Law regarding agree-
ments between municipalities and school districts;

Section 23 adds a provision to the Unconsolidated Law relating to the
issuance of warning notices to motor vehicle owners; and

Section 24 adds a provision to the Unconsolidated Law related to the
sharing of an annual report with local law enforcement

Section 25 sets the effective date of 30 days after enactment, and a
sunset after five years.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Under current law, a ticket for illegally passing a stopped school bus
displaying a red visual signal can be issued only by a police officer
who witnesses the violation. This bill provides for additional enforce-
ment options by authorizing a demonstration program to allow local
governments to impose liability on the owners of motor vehicles for the
failure of the drivers of such vehicles to comply with the law prohibit-
ing the overtaking and passing of stopped school buses displaying red
visual signals. The program allows for the use of mobile cameras mounted
on school buses, as well as stationary cameras, with the cost to be
borne solely by the municipalities. Fines will start at $250 for a first
offense, $275 for a second, and $300 for a third or subsequent fine
within an eighteen month period.

Many efforts in New York State have already been undertaken to combat
this problem, with some positive results, such as OPERATION SAFE STOP.
However, the number of violations continues to be alarming. A recent
one-day survey done by the NYS Association for School Pupil Transporta-
tion yielded astounding results and underscores the need for this legis-
lation. On May 1st, 2013, the Association found that the 236 school bus
drivers in 21 school districts in New York in rural, urban and small
city settings that participated in the survey reported 306 illegal pass-
es including 6 "right side" passes.  That represents an average of 1.28
illegal passes per school bus. That number, if extrapolated, would bring
the estimated number of illegal passes in the State to over 64,000 on
that date alone.


Other studies have estimated that more than 50,000 drivers throughout
New York on a single school day illegally pass stopped school buses.

New York has long recognized the paramount importance of protecting
school children transported on school buses, with strong laws and regu-
lations governing school bus operation and safety equipment, school bus
driver qualifications and training, and mandatory stops by other motor-
ists. The use of school bus photo violation monitoring systems (cameras)
is necessary to prevent further deaths and injuries caused by dangerous
motorists who ignore current law. Several other states, including Geor-
gia, Maryland, North Carolina, Iowa, Virginia, Connecticut, and Washing-
ton, have enacted legislation similar to this bill in response to a
growing national concern over illegal passing, or "stop arm violations."
This bill will expand the enforcement tools available in New York to
further address this issue, and will significantly lessen the numbers of
violations that continue to compromise the health, safety and well-being
of our students.

 
PRIOR LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

2013-2014: A.7350-A,
2015-2016: A.1520-C,
2017-18: A.321-B

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS FOR STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:

Unknown.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall have
become a law and shall expire December 1, 2024 when upon such date the
provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed; provided that any such
local law as may be enacted pursuant to this act shall remain in full
force and effect only until December 1, 2024.

S4524B (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf


                    S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________

                                 4524--B
    Cal. No. 408

                       2019-2020 Regular Sessions

                            I N  S E N A T E

                             March 14, 2019
                               ___________

Introduced  by  Sens. KENNEDY, KAPLAN, SANDERS, THOMAS -- read twice and
  ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee  on
  Transportation   --   committee   discharged,  bill  amended,  ordered
  reprinted as amended and recommitted to  said  committee  --  reported
  favorably  from  said  committee,  ordered to first and second report,
  ordered to a third reading, amended and ordered  reprinted,  retaining
  its place in the order of third reading

AN  ACT  to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in relation to school bus
  safety cameras and owner liability for operator  illegally  overtaking
  or  passing  a  school  bus;  to  amend  the general municipal law, in
  relation to jurisdiction and procedure; to amend the  public  officers
  law,  in relation to certain photographs, videotapes or other recorded
  images; and to amend the education law,  in  relation  to  authorizing
  school districts to enter into agreements for the installation and use
  of school bus safety cameras

  THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

  Section 1. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of  the  vehicle  and  traffic
law,  as  amended  by  section  1 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is
amended to read as follows:
  1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general,  special
or  local  law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which
heretofore or hereafter is authorized  to  establish  an  administrative
tribunal to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions consti-
tuting  parking,  standing  or stopping violations, or to adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-a  of  this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for
violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
chapter  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven hundred eleven-b of this
chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twenty,  [twenty-one,]

 EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets

                      [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                           LBD09710-08-9

S. 4524--B                          2

and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine, or to adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-d  of  this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR
VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations  of  subdivision
(d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or  to  adjudicate  the
liability  of  owners  for  violations of toll collection regulations as
defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand
nine hundred eighty-five of the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of  the  laws  of  nineteen hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of
owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
ter  for  violations  of bus lane restrictions as defined in subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of such section, or to adjudicate the  liabil-
ity  of  owners  for violations of section eleven hundred eighty of this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chap-
ter, such tribunal and the  rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto
shall  be  constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with the following
sections.
  § 1-a. Section 235 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  amended  by
section  1-a  of  chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d)  of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven  hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or to adjudicate the liability
of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  sections eleven hundred
eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
ty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or to
adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e  of  this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR
VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
or to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of  toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
fifty,  or  to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  for  violations  of  bus  lane
restrictions  as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability
of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, such tribunal and the rules and

S. 4524--B                          3

regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in substantial
conformance with the following sections.
  §  1-b.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
section 1-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with
sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections
sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws  of
two  thousand  nine,  or  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners for
violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
sion  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR  TO  ADJUDICATE
THE  LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or to adjudicate the liability of owners  for
violations  of  toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord-
ance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-
five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
hundred fifty, or to adjudicate liability of owners in  accordance  with
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus
lane restrictions as defined in  such  section,  or  to  adjudicate  the
liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
(g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance  with
section  eleven  hundred eighty-b of this chapter, such tribunal and the
rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in
substantial conformance with the following sections.
  §  1-c.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
section 1-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e  of  this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR
VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
or to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of  toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred

S. 4524--B                          4

fifty,  or  to adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  for  violations  of  bus  lane
restrictions  as defined in such section, or to adjudicate the liability
of  owners  for  violations  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, such tribunal and the rules and
regulations pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in  substantial
conformance with the following sections.
  §  1-d.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
section 1-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e  of  this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR
VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
or to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of  toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
fifty,  or  to adjudicate liability of owners for violations of subdivi-
sions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of  this  chapter  in
accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, such
tribunal and the rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be
constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
  §  1-e.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
section 1-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or to adjudicate the  liability
of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e  of  this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR
VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
or to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of  toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions of section two  thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the
public  authorities  law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c
of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws  of  nineteen  hundred
fifty,  such  tribunal  and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto

S. 4524--B                          5

shall be constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with  the  following
sections.
  §  1-f.  Section  235  of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by
section 1-f of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to  read  as
follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any  city  which  heretofore  or hereafter is authorized to establish an
administrative tribunal to hear  and  determine  complaints  of  traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or to
adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY
OF  OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS
CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER, or to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll
collection  regulations  as  defined  in  and  in  accordance  with  the
provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c
of  chapter  seven  hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred
fifty, such tribunal and the rules and  regulations  pertaining  thereto
shall  be  constituted  in  substantial  conformance  with the following
sections.
  § 1-g. Section 235 of the  vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as  separately
amended  by  chapter 715 of the laws of 1972 and chapter 379 of the laws
of 1992, is amended to read as follows:
  § 235. Jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any
general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in
any city which heretofore or hereafter is  authorized  to  establish  an
administrative  tribunal  to  hear  and  determine complaints of traffic
infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, OR TO
ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS  FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or to adjudicate  the  liability
of  owners  for  violations of toll collection regulations as defined in
and in accordance with the  provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine
hundred   eighty-five   of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, such tribunal and the  rules  and
regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in substantial
conformance with the following sections.
  § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic  law,  as
amended  by  section 2 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
subdivision  (a)  of  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
added  by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine,  or  subdivision  (a)  of  section
eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION (A)  OF  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, shall adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven

S. 4524--B                          6

hundred  eleven  of  this chapter in accordance with such section eleven
hundred eleven-a, sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by  sections
sixteen  of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of
two  thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven
hundred eleven-e and  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
violations  of  toll collection regulations as defined in and in accord-
ance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine  hundred  eighty-
five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
hundred fifty and shall adjudicate liability  of  owners  in  accordance
with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of
bus lane restrictions as defined in such section  AND  SHALL  ADJUDICATE
LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-
FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for
violations  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter. Such tribunal, except in a city with  a  popu-
lation of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned
vehicle  violations.  For  the  purposes  of  this  article,  a  parking
violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing  for
or  regulating  the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addi-
tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
the commissioner of traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official  possessing
authority as such a commissioner.
  § 2-a. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter  as
added  by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine,  or  subdivision  (a)  of  section
eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION (A)  OF  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, shall adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred  eleven  of this chapter in accordance with such sections eleven
hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twen-
ty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of  two  thousand  nine  or  section
eleven  hundred  eleven-d  or section eleven hundred eleven-e; and shall
adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-c of this chapter for violations  of  bus  lane  restrictions  as
defined  in  such  section  AND  SHALL ADJUDICATE LIABILITY OF OWNERS IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER
and shall adjudicate liability of owners for violations of  subdivisions
(c)  and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accord-
ance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter.  For  the
purposes  of  this  article, a parking violation is the violation of any
law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,  stop-
ping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article,
"commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the
city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner.

S. 4524--B                          7

  § 2-b. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
and  shall  have  jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a
parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to
subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d or subdivision (a) of
section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF
SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, shall adjudicate
liability of owners in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c
of  this  chapter  for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in
such  section;  and  shall  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners   for
violations  of  subdivision  (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter. For the purposes of this  article,  a  parking
violation  is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for
or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle.  In  addi-
tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
the  commissioner  of  traffic  of  the  city  or an official possessing
authority as such a commissioner.
  § 2-c. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to  subdivision  (a)
of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
section  eleven  hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION (A) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, shall have juris-
diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation  and
shall  adjudicate  the liability of owners for violations of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter.
For  the  purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation
of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the  parking,
stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
sioner.
  § 2-d. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-d of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
and,  where  authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a)
of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of
section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, shall have juris-
diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation. For
the  purposes  of  this article, a parking violation is the violation of
any law, rule or regulation providing for  or  regulating  the  parking,
stopping  or  standing  of  a  vehicle. In addition for purposes of this
article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
fic of the city or an official possessing authority as  such  a  commis-
sioner.

S. 4524--B                          8

  § 2-e. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by section 2-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to
read as follows:
  1.  Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such
tribunal when created shall be known as the  parking  violations  bureau
and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  OR SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traf-
fic infractions which constitute a parking violation. For  the  purposes
of  this  article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule
or regulation providing for  or  regulating  the  parking,  stopping  or
standing  of  a  vehicle.  In  addition  for  purposes  of this article,
"commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the
city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner.
  § 2-f. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
added by chapter 715 of the laws of 1972, is amended to read as follows:
  1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
and WHERE AUTHORIZED BY LOCAL LAW ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, shall have juris-
diction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation. For
the purposes of this article, a parking violation is  the  violation  of
any  law,  rule  or  regulation providing for or regulating the parking,
stopping or standing of a vehicle. In  addition  for  purposes  of  this
article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traf-
fic  of  the  city or an official possessing authority as such a commis-
sioner.
  § 3. Section 237 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a
new subdivision 16 to read as follows:
  16. TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR  VIOLATIONS  OF  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, IF  AUTHORIZED  BY  LOCAL
LAW  ADOPTED  PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF SUCH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A.
  § 4. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of  the  vehicle  and
traffic law, as amended by section 4 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
is amended to read as follows:
  f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven  of  this  article,
but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
to  authorization  set  forth in section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
chapter, or sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by
sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the
laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred  eleven-d  of  this
chapter,  or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, and shall not  be  deemed
to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section two thousand
nine  hundred  eighty-five  of  the  public authorities law and sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall not be deemed to include
a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eleven-c
of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability
issued pursuant to section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter.
  § 4-a. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-a of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:

S. 4524--B                          9

  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article but
shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this
chapter  as  added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,]
and twenty-two of the laws  of  two  thousand  nine  or  section  eleven
hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter or section eleven hundred eleven-e of
this chapter OR SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER
and shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
to  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of this chapter and shall not be
deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to section elev-
en hundred eighty-b of this chapter.
  § 4-b. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-b of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
forth  in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR TO A NOTICE
OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEV-
EN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER and shall  not  be  deemed  to
include  a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred
eleven-c of this chapter and shall not be deemed to include a notice  of
liability  issued  pursuant  to  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this
chapter.
  § 4-c. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-c of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
forth  in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR TO A NOTICE
OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEV-
EN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER and shall  not  be  deemed  to
include  a notice of liability issued pursuant to section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter.
  § 4-d. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-d of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and
shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or to a notice of liability issued  pursuant  to  authorization  set
forth  in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR TO A NOTICE
OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEV-
EN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
  § 4-e. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle  and
traffic  law,  as  amended  by section 4-e of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of  violation  as  defined  in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article and

S. 4524--B                         10

shall  not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to
authorization set forth in section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
ter OR TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  AUTHORIZATION  SET
FORTH IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
  §  4-f. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
traffic law, as added by chapter 180 of the laws of 1980, is amended  to
read as follows:
  f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article AND
SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT  TO
AUTHORIZATION SET FORTH IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER.
  §  5. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 5 of chapter 222 of the  laws  of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
sixteen  of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of
two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
section eleven hundred eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  OR  SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER, for a violation of subdivision
(d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter contests such alle-
gation, or a  person  alleged  to  be  liable  in  accordance  with  the
provisions  of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
chapter seven hundred seventy-four  of  the  laws  of  nineteen  hundred
fifty,  or  a  person  alleged  to  be  liable  in  accordance  with the
provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
violation  of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section contests
such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with the
provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b  of  this  chapter  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter  contests  such  allegation,  the  bureau
shall  advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as
the director may direct of the date on which he or she  must  appear  to
answer  the  charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of
hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning
to advise the person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on
the date designated, or on  any  subsequent  adjourned  date,  shall  be
deemed  an  admission  of  liability, and that a default judgment may be
entered thereon.
  1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or
sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
sixteen  of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of
two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter  or
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  OR SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability  in
accordance  with  section  two  thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the
public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of
chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty
or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance

S. 4524--B                         11

with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  is   being
contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits
has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue
any  notice  of  fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the
hearing.
  § 5-a. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
fic  law,  as amended by section 5-a of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
violation  enters  a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to be liable
in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this  chapter  as
added  by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred  eleven-d
of  this  chapter  or section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER for a violation of
subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter,  or  a
person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of this chapter for a violation of a bus lane
restriction as defined in such section contests such  allegation,  or  a
person alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section
eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter for violations of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter contests such  allegation,  the  bureau  shall  advise  such  person
personally  by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct
of the date on which he or she must appear to answer  the  charge  at  a
hearing.  The  form  and  content  of  such  notice  of hearing shall be
prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning  to  advise  the
person  so  pleading  or  contesting  that failure to appear on the date
designated, or on any subsequent adjourned  date,  shall  be  deemed  an
admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
eon.
  1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter,  as
added  by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section elev-
en hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in accordance with section elev-
en  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter  OR  SECTION   ELEVEN   HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability in accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an  allega-
tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
this chapter is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion  and  a
hearing  upon  the  merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held,
the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that  person
prior to the date of the hearing.
  §  5-b. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
fic law, as amended by section 5-b of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty or a person alleged to  be  liable
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter OR
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or  in  accordance
with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter
for a violation of a bus lane restriction as defined  in  such  section,
contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance

S. 4524--B                         12

with  the  provisions of section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter
for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev-
en hundred eighty of this chapter contests such allegation,  the  bureau
shall  advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as
the director may direct of the date on which he or she  must  appear  to
answer  the  charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of
hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning
to advise the person so pleading that failure  to  appear  on  the  date
designated,  or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned date, shall be deemed an
admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther-
eon.
  1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in
accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of this chapter OR
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or  in  accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of
liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eighty-b of this
chapter is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a  hear-
ing  upon  the  merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the
bureau shall not issue any notice of fine  or  penalty  to  that  person
prior to the date of the hearing.
  §  5-c. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
fic law, as amended by section 5-c of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be  liable
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or a
person  alleged  to  be liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or a  person
alleged to be liable in accordance with the provisions of section eleven
hundred eighty-b of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
(d),  (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred  eighty of this chapter
contests such allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally
by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the  date
on  which  he  or she must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The
form and content of such notice of hearing shall be  prescribed  by  the
director,  and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading
that failure to appear on the date  designated,  or  on  any  subsequent
adjourned  date,  shall  be deemed an admission of liability, and that a
default judgment may be entered thereon.
  1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or
the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in  accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, OR THE BUREAU
HAS  BEEN  NOTIFIED  THAT  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or the bureau has
been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, is being contested, by a person
in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but
has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine  or
penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing.

S. 4524--B                         13

  §  5-d. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
fic law, as amended by section 5-d of chapter 222 of the laws  of  2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be  liable
in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter
contests such allegation, or a person alleged to be liable in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter contests such alle-
gation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE  LIABLE  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION,
the bureau shall advise such person personally by  such  form  of  first
class  mail  as  the  director may direct of the date on which he or she
must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and  content  of
such  notice  of  hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall
contain a warning to advise the  person  so  pleading  that  failure  to
appear  on  the  date  designated,  or on any subsequent adjourned date,
shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a  default  judgment
may be entered thereon.
  1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter,  is
being  contested,  or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of
liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
chapter,  is  being  contested,  OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN
ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, IS BEING CONTESTED, by a person in  a  timely
fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet
been  held,  the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to
that person prior to the date of the hearing.
  § 5-e. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and  traf-
fic  law,  as amended by section 5-e of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015,
are amended to read as follows:
  1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
violation  enters a plea of not guilty, or a person alleged to be liable
in accordance with section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter
contests such allegation, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER CONTESTS SUCH
ALLEGATION,  the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form
of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on  which  he
or  she  must  appear  to  answer  the charge at a hearing. The form and
content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by  the  director,
and  shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading that fail-
ure to appear on the date designated, or  on  any  subsequent  adjourned
date,  shall  be  deemed  an  admission of liability, and that a default
judgment may be entered thereon.
  1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, is
being contested, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN  ALLEGATION  OF
LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF
THIS CHAPTER, IS BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion and  a
hearing  upon  the  merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held,
the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that  person
prior to the date of the hearing.
  §  5-f. Subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the vehicle and traf-
fic law, subdivision 1 as added by chapter 715 of the laws of  1972  and

S. 4524--B                         14

subdivision 1-a as added by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
to read as follows:
  1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
violation enters a plea of not guilty, OR A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE  LIABLE
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
CONTESTS SUCH ALLEGATION, the bureau shall advise such person personally
by  such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date
on which he OR SHE must appear to answer the charge at  a  hearing.  The
form  and  content  of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the
director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person  so  pleading
that  failure  to  appear  on  the date designated, or on any subsequent
adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability,  and  that  a
default judgment may be entered thereon.
  1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
entered, OR THE BUREAU HAS BEEN NOTIFIED THAT AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAP-
TER,  IS  BEING CONTESTED, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing
upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau
shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that  person  prior  to
the date of the hearing.
  § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle
and  traffic  law, as amended by section 6 of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
or an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred
eleven-a  of  this chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred
eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twen-
ty,  [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or
an allegation of liability in accordance with section two thousand  nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty or an allegation of liability in  accord-
ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allega-
tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
this chapter, shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with
rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-a of this chapter or in accordance with sections  eleven  hundred
eleven-b  of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
ty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  in
accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter is
contested or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this
chapter is contested OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED or of a hearing at which liabil-
ity in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of
the   public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
hundred fifty is contested or of a hearing at which liability in accord-
ance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or a hearing
at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
this chapter is contested. Recording devices may be used for the  making
of the record.

S. 4524--B                         15

  § 6-a. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle  and  traffic  law,  as amended by section 6-a of chapter 222 of the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
or an allegation of liability in accordance with sections eleven hundred
eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
ty,  [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or
an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or an allegation of liability in accordance
with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter,  shall  be  held
before  a  hearing  examiner  in  accordance  with rules and regulations
promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
hearing at which liability in accordance with  sections  eleven  hundred
eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
ty,  [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chapter  or  in
accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or
of a hearing at  which  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  or a hearing at which liability in
accordance with section eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  is
contested.  Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
  § 6-b. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle  and  traffic  law,  as amended by section 6-b of chapter 222 of the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability in accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an  allega-
tion  of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of
this chapter or an allegation of liability in  accordance  with  section
eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or an allegation of liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter shall be
held  before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations
promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR OF A
HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or of a hearing at which liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of  a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-d of this chapter or of a hearing at which liability  in  accord-
ance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or a hearing
at which liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of
this chapter is contested.  Recording devices may be used for the making
of the record.
  § 6-c. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-c of  chapter  222  of  the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability in  accord-
ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega-

S. 4524--B                         16

tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
this  chapter  or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter shall be held before  a  hearing
examiner  in  accordance  with  rules and regulations promulgated by the
bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR OF A
HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or of a hearing at which liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or of  a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-d of this chapter or a hearing at which liability  in  accordance
with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of  this chapter is contested.
Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
  § 6-d. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-d of  chapter  222  of  the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or an allegation of liability in  accord-
ance  with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or an allega-
tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of
this  chapter shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance with
rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not  guilty  or  a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-d of this chapter is contested OR OF A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
or a hearing at  which  liability  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred  eleven-e of this chapter is contested. Recording devices may be
used for the making of the record.
  § 6-e. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law, as amended by section 6-e of  chapter  222  of  the
laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
or  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter OR AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held
before  a  hearing  examiner  in  accordance  with rules and regulations
promulgated by the bureau.
  g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not  guilty  or  a
hearing  at  which  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter is contested OR A HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER IS
CONTESTED.  Recording devices may be used for the making of the record.
  § 6-f. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehi-
cle and traffic law, as added by chapter 715 of the laws  of  1972,  are
amended to read as follows:
  a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
OR  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER shall be held before a  hearing  examiner
in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
  g.  A  record  shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty OR A
HEARING AT WHICH LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS CHAPTER IS CONTESTED.  Recording devices may be
used for the making of the record.

S. 4524--B                         17

  § 7. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the  vehicle  and  traffic
law,  as  amended  by  section 7 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-a of this
chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
chapter  as  added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,]
and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  in  accordance  with
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or the record of
liabilities incurred  in  accordance  with  section  two  thousand  nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty of the person charged, or the  record  of
liabilities  incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c
of this chapter, or the record of  liabilities  incurred  in  accordance
with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter, as applicable
prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations  sustain-
ing or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll
maintained  by  the  bureau  together  with  records showing payment and
nonpayment of penalties.
  2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
parking  violation  or  contest an allegation of liability in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter  or  in  accordance
with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter as added by
sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the
laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
eleven-d  of  this  chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or  fails to contest an allegation of
liability in accordance with section two thousand nine  hundred  eighty-
five  of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and
sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
hundred fifty, or fails to contest an allegation of liability in accord-
ance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or fails to
contest an allegation of liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter  or fails to appear on a designated
hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after  a  hearing  to
comply  with  the  determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by
this article or by rule or regulation of the  bureau,  such  failure  to
plead or contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
the  bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original   date
prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and before a default judgment may be
rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the  violation  charged,
or  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this
chapter or in accordance with sections eleven hundred eleven-b  of  this
chapter  as  added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,]
and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  in  accordance  with

S. 4524--B                         18

section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter OR  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER alleged or liabil-
ity  in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
the  public  authorities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b   and
sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
hundred fifty alleged or liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred eleven-c of this chapter or liability in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter alleged, (2) of the impending
default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil
Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation  of  liability
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or in
accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b of this chapter as
added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and  twenty-
two of the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section elev-
en hundred eleven-d of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven
hundred  eleven-e  of  this chapter OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER or contesting  an  allegation  of
liability  in  accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-
five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b  and
sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
hundred fifty or contesting an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance
with  section  eleven  hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an
allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
y-b of this chapter, as appropriate,  or  making  an  appearance  within
thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and allegations
contested  within  that  period shall be in the manner prescribed in the
notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.  Such  notice  of
impending  default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering
and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who  are  non-resi-
dents  of  the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be
rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default  judgment  be
sent,  more  than  two years after the expiration of the time prescribed
for entering a plea or contesting  an  allegation.  When  a  person  has
demanded  a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason,
prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall  make
a  determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose
no greater penalty  or  fine  than  those  upon  which  the  person  was
originally charged.
  §  7-a. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 7-a of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
incurred  in  accordance  with  sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this
chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters  twenty,  [twenty-one,]
and  twenty-two  of  the laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or  in  accordance  with
section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER  of  the  person
charged,  or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in accordance with

S. 4524--B                         19

section eleven hundred eleven-c  of  this  chapter,  or  the  record  of
liabilities  incurred in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b
of this chapter, as applicable prior to rendering a final determination.
Final  determinations  sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered
on a final determination roll maintained by  the  bureau  together  with
records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
with  sections  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter as added by
sections sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the
laws of two thousand nine or in accordance with section  eleven  hundred
eleven-d  of  this chapter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  or fails to contest an allegation of
liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this
chapter,  or  fails  to  contest  an allegation of liability incurred in
accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  or
fails  to  appear  on  a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned
date or fails after a hearing to comply  with  the  determination  of  a
hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation
of the bureau, such failure to plead, contest, appear or comply shall be
deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds
for  rendering  and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by
the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after  the  expiration
of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default
judgment  may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the
applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form
of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of  the  violation
charged,  or  liability  in  accordance  with  sections  eleven  hundred
eleven-b of this chapter, as added by sections sixteen of chapters twen-
ty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or  in
accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  OR  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of  this
chapter  or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b
of this chapter alleged, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that
such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the  city  in  which
the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or
any  other  place  provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the
state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by  entering  a
plea  or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability  in  accordance with
sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as  added  by  sections
sixteen  of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of
two thousand nine or in accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-d
of this chapter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
this   chapter,   OR   IN   ACCORDANCE   WITH   SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or contesting an allegation of liability
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of  this  chapter  or
contesting  an allegation of liability in accordance with section eleven
hundred eighty-b of this chapter as appropriate, or making an appearance
within thirty days of the sending of  such  notice.  Pleas  entered  and
allegations  contested  within  that  period  shall  be  in  the  manner
prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.
Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who

S. 4524--B                         20

are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall  a  default
judgment  be  rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time
prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  or  contesting an allegation. When a
person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be  imposed  for
any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner
shall  make  a  determination on the charges, sustaining them, he or she
shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person
was originally charged.
  § 7-b. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and  traffic
law,  as  amended by section 7-b of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are
amended to read as follows:
  1. The hearing examiner shall make a  determination  on  the  charges,
either  sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter-
mines that the charges have been sustained he or  she  may  examine  the
prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter of the
person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER  OF  THE  PERSON
CHARGED,  or  the  record  of  liabilities  incurred  in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter of the  person  charged,
or  the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or the record of liabilities  incurred
in  accordance  with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, as
applicable, prior to rendering a  final  determination.  Final  determi-
nations  sustaining  or  dismissing  charges shall be entered on a final
determination roll maintained by the bureau together with records  show-
ing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation or CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, OR contest
an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  or  contest  an allegation of liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter,  or
fails  to  contest an allegation of liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter, or fails to contest an  allega-
tion  of  liability  incurred  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter, or fails to appear  on  a  designated  hearing
date  or  subsequent  adjourned  date or fails after a hearing to comply
with the determination of a hearing  examiner,  as  prescribed  by  this
article  or  by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead,
appear or comply shall be deemed, for  all  purposes,  an  admission  of
liability  and  shall  be  grounds  for rendering and entering a default
judgment in an amount provided by  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the
bureau.  However,  after  the expiration of the original date prescribed
for entering a plea and before a default judgment may  be  rendered,  in
such  case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law
notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail  as  the
commission  may  direct;  (1)  of the violation charged, OR LIABILITY IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
or  liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this
chapter, or liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d
of this chapter, or alleged liability in accordance with section  eleven
hundred eleven-c of this chapter or alleged liability in accordance with
section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter, (2) of the impending
default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil

S. 4524--B                         21

Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
be  avoided  by entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
or contesting an allegation of  liability  in  accordance  with  section
eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an allegation of
liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this
chapter  or  contesting  an  allegation  of liability in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter or contesting an allega-
tion of liability in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b  of
this  chapter  or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending
of such notice. Pleas entered within that period shall be in the  manner
prescribed  in  the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee.
Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
the rendering and entry thereof in the case of operators or  owners  who
are  non-residents  of the state of New York. In no case shall a default
judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of  impending  default
judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time
prescribed for entering a plea.  When a person has demanded  a  hearing,
no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding
of  the  hearing.  If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on
the charges, sustaining them, he or she shall impose no greater  penalty
or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged.
  §  7-c. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 7-c of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
the prior  parking  violations  record  or  the  record  of  liabilities
incurred  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this
chapter of the person charged, OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED  IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER OF
THE  PERSON CHARGED, or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-e  of  this  chapter  of  the  person
charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, as applicable, prior to render-
ing a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing
charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the
bureau  together  with  records showing payment and nonpayment of penal-
ties.
  2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge  of  a
parking  violation  or  CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,  OR  contest
an  allegation  of  liability  in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter  or  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or fails
to  contest  an  allegation  of  liability  incurred  in accordance with
section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or fails to appear on  a
designated  hearing  date  or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a
hearing to comply with the  determination  of  a  hearing  examiner,  as
prescribed  by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such
failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and  regulations  of

S. 4524--B                         22

the   bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original  date
prescribed for entering a plea and before  a  default  judgment  may  be
rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged OR
LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF
THIS  CHAPTER  or  liability  in  accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e of this chapter or liability in accordance with section  eleven
hundred eleven-d of this chapter or liability in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter alleged, (2) of the impending
default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil
Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
be avoided by entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of
liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this
chapter or contesting an allegation  of  liability  in  accordance  with
section  eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter or making an appearance
within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas  entered  within
that  period  shall  be  in  the manner prescribed in the notice and not
subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of  impending  default
judgment  shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof
in the case of operators or owners who are non-residents of the state of
New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be  rendered  or,  where
required,  a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two
years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering  a  plea.
When  a  person  has  demanded  a  hearing,  no fine or penalty shall be
imposed for any reason, prior to the holding  of  the  hearing.  If  the
hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining
them, he shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those  upon  which
the person was originally charged.
  §  7-d. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 7-d of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that the charges have been sustained he or she may examine either
the prior  parking  violations  record  OR  THE  RECORD  OF  LIABILITIES
INCURRED  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF
THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED or the record of liabilities incurred
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of  this  chapter  of
the  person  charged or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-d  of  this  chapter  of  the  person
charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination.  Final
determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing charges shall be entered on a
final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with  records
showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation or CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, OR contest
an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e  of  this  chapter  or  contest  an  allegation of liability in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or fails

S. 4524--B                         23

to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned  date  or
fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering
and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the  rules  and
regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged OR
LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF
THIS CHAPTER or liability in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-e of this chapter alleged or liability in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of this chapter alleged, (2) of the impending
default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered  in  the  Civil
Court  of  the  city  in which the bureau has been established, or other
court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the entry of
civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may
be avoided by entering a plea OR CONTESTING AN ALLEGATION  OF  LIABILITY
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
or  contesting  an  allegation  of  liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter or contesting an  allegation  of
liability  in  accordance  with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this
chapter or making an appearance within thirty days  of  the  sending  of
such  notice.    Pleas entered within that period shall be in the manner
prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty  or  fee.
Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to
the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who
are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall  a  default
judgment  be  rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default
judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time
prescribed for entering a plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no
fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of
the  hearing.  If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the
charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no  greater  penalty  or  fine
than those upon which the person was originally charged.
  §  7-e. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, as amended by section 7-e of chapter 222 of the laws of  2015,  are
amended to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that  the  charges  have been sustained he or she may examine the
prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter  of  the
person  charged, as applicable, prior to rendering a final determination
OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER OF THE PERSON CHARGED, AS APPLI-
CABLE, PRIOR TO RENDERING A FINAL DETERMINATION.   Final  determinations
sustaining  or  dismissing  charges shall be entered on a final determi-
nation roll maintained by  the  bureau  together  with  records  showing
payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or contest
an allegation of liability in accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred

S. 4524--B                         24

eleven-e of this chapter or fails to appear on a designated hearing date
or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the
determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by
rule  or  regulation  of  the  bureau,  such failure to plead, appear or
comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability  and
shall  be  grounds  for  rendering and entering a default judgment in an
amount provided by the rules and regulations  of  the  bureau.  However,
after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea
and  before  a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau
shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such  operator
or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct;
(1)  of  the  violation  charged or liability in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter alleged OR LIABILITY IN  ACCORD-
ANCE  WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, (2) of
the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will  be  entered
in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established,
or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the
entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
liability in accordance with section eleven  hundred  eleven-e  of  this
chapter  OR  CONTESTING  AN  ALLEGATION  OF LIABILITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  or  making  an
appearance  within  thirty  days  of  the  sending of such notice. Pleas
entered within that period shall be in  the  manner  prescribed  in  the
notice  and  not  subject  to  additional penalty or fee. Such notice of
impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the  rendering
and  entry  thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-resi-
dents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be
rendered  or,  where required, a notice of impending default judgment be
sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time  prescribed
for  entering  a plea.  When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or
penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to  the  holding  of  the
hearing.  If  the  hearing  examiner  shall  make a determination on the
charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no  greater  penalty  or  fine
than those upon which the person was originally charged.
  §  7-f. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
law, subdivision 1 as added by chapter 715  of  the  laws  of  1972  and
subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 365 of the laws of 1978, are amended
to read as follows:
  1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
mines  that  the  charges  have been sustained he OR SHE may examine the
prior parking violations record OR THE RECORD OF LIABILITIES INCURRED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER of
the person charged, AS APPLICABLE, prior to rendering a  final  determi-
nation.  Final  determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be
entered on a final determination roll maintained by the bureau  together
with records showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
  2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
parking violation OR CONTEST AN ALLEGATION OF  LIABILITY  IN  ACCORDANCE
WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to
appear on a designated hearing date  or  subsequent  adjourned  date  or
fails  after  a  hearing  to  comply with the determination of a hearing
examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of  the
bureau, such failure to plead, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all
purposes,  an  admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering

S. 4524--B                         25

and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the  rules  and
regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original
date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be
rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
class  mail  as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged,
(2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such  judgment  will  be
entered  in  the  Civil  Court  of the city in which the bureau has been
established, or other court of civil jurisdiction  or  any  other  place
provided  for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York,
and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea  or  making  an
appearance  within  thirty  days  of  the  sending of such notice. Pleas
entered within that period shall be in  the  manner  prescribed  in  the
notice  and  not  subject  to  additional penalty or fee. Such notice of
impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the  rendering
and  entry  thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-resi-
dents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default  judgment  be
rendered  or,  where required, a notice of impending default judgment be
sent, more than two years after the expiration of  the  time  prescribed
for  entering  a  plea. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or
penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to  the  holding  of  the
hearing.  If  the  hearing  examiner  shall  make a determination on the
charges, sustaining them, he shall impose no  greater  penalty  or  fine
than those upon which the person was originally charged.
  § 8. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
of  the  vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of chapter 222
of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
of there is a certification from a  court,  parking  violations  bureau,
traffic  and  parking  violations  agency  or administrative tribunal of
appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
trative  tribunal  following  entry of a final decision in response to a
total of three or more summonses or  other  process  in  the  aggregate,
issued  within  an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such
motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor  vehi-
cle  was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without
being licensed as a motor vehicle for  hire  by  the  appropriate  local
authority,  in  violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by  a  local  authority;  or
(ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-a,  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-b  or section eleven hundred
eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter;  or (iii) the registrant was
liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chap-
ter  for  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane  restriction as defined in such
section, or (iv) the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section
eleven  hundred  eighty-b of this chapter for a violation of subdivision
(c) or (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter, or (v)  the
registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c
of  this  chapter  for  a violation of subdivision (c) or (d) of section
eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter;  OR  (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION

S. 4524--B                         26

ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his  or
her  agent  shall deny the registration or renewal application until the
applicant  provides proof from the court, traffic and parking violations
agency or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are  pending  that
an  appearance  or answer has been made or in the case of an administra-
tive tribunal that he or she has complied with the rules and regulations
of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an  applica-
tion is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in his or
her  discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other
person for the same vehicle and  may  deny  a  registration  or  renewal
application  for  any  other motor vehicle registered in the name of the
applicant where the commissioner has determined that  such  registrant's
intent  has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the
commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this  subdivi-
sion.  Such  denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses
remain unanswered, or in the case of  an  administrative  tribunal,  the
registrant  fails  to  comply  with  the rules and regulations following
entry of a final decision.
  § 8-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401  of  the  vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 8-a of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
trative  tribunal  following  entry of a final decision in response to a
total of three or more summonses or  other  process  in  the  aggregate,
issued  within  an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such
motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor  vehi-
cle  was operated for hire by the registrant or his or her agent without
being licensed as a motor vehicle for  hire  by  the  appropriate  local
authority,  in  violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of
any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by  a  local  authority;  or
(ii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-b  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter;  or  (iii)  the  registrant  was
liable  in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chap-
ter for a violation of  a  bus  lane  restriction  as  defined  in  such
section;  or  (iv)  the registrant was liable in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation  of  subdivision
(d)  of  section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter or (v) the regis-
trant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of
this chapter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (v) the registrant was
liable  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chap-
ter for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of  section
eleven hundred eighty of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
chapter; OR (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his or
her agent shall deny the registration or renewal application  until  the

S. 4524--B                         27

applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
ein  the  charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made
or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied
with  the  rules  and  regulations of said tribunal following entry of a
final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a  registration  or
renewal  application  to  any  other person for the same vehicle and may
deny a registration or renewal application for any other  motor  vehicle
registered  in  the  name  of  the  applicant where the commissioner has
determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the  purposes
of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
believe  that  such  registration  or  renewal  will  have the effect of
defeating the purposes of  this  subdivision.  Such  denial  shall  only
remain  in  effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the
case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply  with
the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
  §  8-b.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 8-b of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped
or  standing,  or  that  such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the
registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of  the
provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in  accord-
ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  for a
violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section; or (iii)
the registrant was liable in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-d  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable
in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for a
violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
hundred  eighty of this chapter, or the registrant was liable in accord-
ance with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-c  of  this  chapter  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter; or (v)  the  registrant  was  liable  in
accordance  with  section  eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter;  OR  (VII) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his  or
her  agent  shall deny the registration or renewal application until the
applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
ein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has  been  made
or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied
with  the  rules  and  regulations of said tribunal following entry of a
final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a  registration  or
renewal  application  to  any  other person for the same vehicle and may

S. 4524--B                         28

deny a registration or renewal application for any other  motor  vehicle
registered  in  the  name  of  the  applicant where the commissioner has
determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the  purposes
of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
believe  that  such  registration  or  renewal  will  have the effect of
defeating the purposes of  this  subdivision.  Such  denial  shall  only
remain  in  effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the
case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply  with
the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
  §  8-c.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 8-c of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
month period, charging that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped
or  standing,  or  that  such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the
registrant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle
for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of  the
provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was liable in  accord-
ance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter  for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter;  or  (iii) the registrant was liable in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter for  violations  of  subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter,  or  the  registrant  was  liable in accordance with section eleven
hundred eighty-c of this chapter for violations of subdivision (b), (c),
(d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty  of  this  chapter;  or
(iv) the registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred
eleven-e  of  this chapter for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter; OR (V) THE REGISTRANT WAS  LIABLE
IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER
FOR  A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER,
the commissioner or his or her agent  shall  deny  the  registration  or
renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court or
administrative  tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appear-
ance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative  tribu-
nal  that  he OR SHE has complied with the rules and regulations of said
tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where  an  application  is
denied  pursuant  to  this  section, the commissioner may, in his or her
discretion, deny a registration or  renewal  application  to  any  other
person  for  the  same  vehicle  and  may deny a registration or renewal
application for any other motor vehicle registered in the  name  of  the
applicant  where  the commissioner has determined that such registrant's
intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where  the
commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or
renewal  will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi-
sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as  the  summonses
remain  unanswered,  or  in  the case of an administrative tribunal, the
registrant fails to comply with  the  rules  and  regulations  following
entry of a final decision.

S. 4524--B                         29

  §  8-d.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 8-d of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
month  period,  charging  that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or
standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
trant or his agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by
the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of  the  provisions
of  this  chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a
local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter for  violations  of  subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter,  or  the  registrant  was  liable in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of subdivision  (d)  of
section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of this chapter, or the registrant was
liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
ter  for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven
of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his  or
her  agent  shall deny the registration or renewal application until the
applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
ein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has  been  made
or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he or she has complied
with  the  rules  and  regulations of said tribunal following entry of a
final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a  registration  or
renewal  application  to  any  other person for the same vehicle and may
deny a registration or renewal application for any other  motor  vehicle
registered  in  the  name  of  the  applicant where the commissioner has
determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the  purposes
of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
believe  that  such  registration  or  renewal  will  have the effect of
defeating the purposes of  this  subdivision.  Such  denial  shall  only
remain  in  effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the
case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply  with
the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
  §  8-e.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 8-e of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there is a certification from a  court  or  administrative  tribunal  of
appropriate  jurisdiction  that  the  registrant or his or her represen-
tative failed to appear on the return date or any  subsequent  adjourned
date  or  failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an adminis-
trative tribunal following entry of a  final  decision  in  response  to
three  or  more  summonses  or  other process, issued within an eighteen
month period, charging that such motor vehicle was  parked,  stopped  or
standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
trant  or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for

S. 4524--B                         30

hire by the appropriate local authority, in  violation  of  any  of  the
provisions  of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation
made by a local authority, or the registrant was  liable  in  accordance
with  section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter for a violation of
subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, or the
registrant was liable in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e
of this chapter for a violation of subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven
hundred  eleven of this chapter, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORD-
ANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS  CHAPTER  FOR  A
VIOLATION  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, the
commissioner or his or her agent shall deny the registration or  renewal
application  until the applicant provides proof from the court or admin-
istrative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or
answer has been made or in the case of an administrative  tribunal  that
he  has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal follow-
ing entry of a final decision.  Where an application is denied  pursuant
to  this section, the commissioner may, in his or her discretion, deny a
registration or renewal application to any other  person  for  the  same
vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other
motor  vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commis-
sioner has determined that such registrant's intent has  been  to  evade
the  purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reason-
able grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have  the
effect  of defeating the purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall
only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in
the  case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply
with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
  § 8-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401  of  the  vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 8-f of chapter 222 of the laws of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or  his  or  her  represen-
tative  failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned
date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an  adminis-
trative  tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to
three or more summonses or other  process,  issued  within  an  eighteen
month  period,  charging  that such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or
standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the regis-
trant or his or her agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle  for
hire  by  the  appropriate  local  authority, in violation of any of the
provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or  regulation
made  by  a  local authority, or the registrant was liable in accordance
with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter for a violation  of
subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter, OR THE
REGISTRANT  WAS  LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or his or her agent shall
deny  the  registration  or  renewal  application  until  the  applicant
provides proof from the court or  administrative  tribunal  wherein  the
charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the
case  of  an administrative tribunal that he has complied with the rules
and regulations of said tribunal following entry of  a  final  decision.
Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commission-
er  may, in his or her discretion, deny a registration or renewal appli-
cation to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registra-

S. 4524--B                         31

tion or renewal application for any other motor  vehicle  registered  in
the  name  of  the  applicant where the commissioner has determined that
such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivi-
sion  and  where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that
such registration or renewal will  have  the  effect  of  defeating  the
purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as
long  as  the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an adminis-
trative tribunal, the registrant fails to  comply  with  the  rules  and
regulations following entry of a final decision.
  §  8-g.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle
and traffic law, as separately amended by chapters 339 and  592  of  the
laws of 1987, is amended to read as follows:
  a. If at the time of application for a registration or renewal thereof
there  is  a  certification  from  a court or administrative tribunal of
appropriate jurisdiction  that  the  registrant  or  his  representative
failed  to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or
failed to comply with the rules and  regulations  of  an  administrative
tribunal  following  entry  of  a final decision in response to three or
more summonses or other process, issued within an eighteen month period,
charging that such motor vehicle was parked,  stopped  or  standing,  or
that  such  motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant or his
agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by  the  appro-
priate  local  authority,  in violation of any of the provisions of this
chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation  made  by  a  local
authority, OR THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEV-
EN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS CHAPTER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER,  the  commissioner  or  his
agent  shall  deny  the  registration  or  renewal application until the
applicant provides proof from the court or administrative tribunal wher-
ein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has  been  made
or in the case of an administrative tribunal that he OR SHE has complied
with  the  rules  and  regulations of said tribunal following entry of a
final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section,
the commissioner may, in his discretion, deny a registration or  renewal
application  to  any  other  person  for the same vehicle and may deny a
registration or renewal application for any other motor  vehicle  regis-
tered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined
that  such  registrant's  intent  has been to evade the purposes of this
subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe
that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating  the
purposes of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as
long  as  the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an adminis-
trative tribunal, the registrant fails to  comply  with  the  rules  and
regulations following entry of a final decision.
  §  9.  The  vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section
1174-a to read as follows:
  § 1174-A. OWNER LIABILITY FOR FAILURE OF OPERATOR TO STOP FOR A SCHOOL
BUS DISPLAYING A RED VISUAL SIGNAL AND STOP-ARM. (A) 1.  NOTWITHSTANDING
ANY  OTHER  PROVISION  OF  LAW,  A COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE LOCATED
WITHIN A SCHOOL DISTRICT ("DISTRICT") IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED AND EMPOWERED
TO ADOPT AND AMEND A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING A DEMONSTRATION
PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR  FAIL-
URE  OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER WHEN MEETING A SCHOOL BUS MARKED AND EQUIPPED AS
PROVIDED IN  SUBDIVISIONS  TWENTY  AND  TWENTY-ONE-C  OF  SECTION  THREE
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER AND OPERATED IN SUCH COUNTY, CITY,

S. 4524--B                         32

TOWN OR VILLAGE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION. SUCH
DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN  OR  VILLAGE
TO  INSTALL  AND  OPERATE  SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS
WHICH  MAY BE STATIONARY OR MOBILE, AND WHICH MAY BE INSTALLED, PURSUANT
TO AN AGREEMENT WITH A SCHOOL DISTRICT WITHIN SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR
VILLAGE, ON SCHOOL BUSES OWNED AND OPERATED BY SUCH SCHOOL  DISTRICT  OR
PRIVATELY  OWNED  AND OPERATED FOR COMPENSATION UNDER CONTRACT WITH SUCH
DISTRICT.  PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT (A) NO STATIONARY  SCHOOL  BUS  PHOTO
VIOLATION  MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE INSTALLED OR OPERATED BY A COUNTY,
CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE EXCEPT ON ROADWAYS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF  SUCH
COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR  VILLAGE,  AND  (B)  NO MOBILE SCHOOL BUS PHOTO
VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL BE INSTALLED OR OPERATED ON  ANY  SUCH
SCHOOL BUSES UNLESS SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE AND SUCH DISTRICT
ENTER INTO AN AGREEMENT FOR SUCH INSTALLATION AND OPERATION.
  1-A.  ANY  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR  VILLAGE,  LOCATED WITHIN A SCHOOL
DISTRICT, THAT HAS ADOPTED A LOCAL LAW OR  ORDINANCE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
SECTION  ESTABLISHING  A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING LIABILITY ON THE
OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR  THEREOF  TO  COMPLY  WITH
SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER WHEN MEETING A
SCHOOL BUS MARKED AND EQUIPPED AS PROVIDED IN  SUBDIVISIONS  TWENTY  AND
TWENTY-ONE-C  OF  SECTION THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER AND
OPERATED IN SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE MAY ENTER INTO AN  AGREE-
MENT  WITH  THE APPLICABLE SCHOOL DISTRICT FOR THE INSTALLATION, MAINTE-
NANCE AND USE OF SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS ON SCHOOL
BUSES PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND SECTION TWENTY-TWO OF THE CHAPTER  OF
THE  LAWS  OF  TWO  THOUSAND  NINETEEN WHICH ADDED THIS SECTION, FOR THE
PROPER HANDLING AND  CUSTODY  OF  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDE-
OTAPES, OTHER RECORDED IMAGES AND DATA PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, AND FOR
THE  FORWARDING OF SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPES, OTHER
RECORDED IMAGES AND  DATA  TO  THE  APPLICABLE  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR
VILLAGE.  ANY AGREEMENT ENTERED INTO HEREUNDER SHALL BE APPROVED BY EACH
PARTICIPATING COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE BY A MAJORITY  VOTE  OF  THE
VOTING  STRENGTH OF ITS GOVERNING BODY AND BY RESOLUTION OF THE DISTRICT
PURSUANT TO SECTION SIXTEEN  HUNDRED  FOUR,  SECTION  SEVENTEEN  HUNDRED
NINE,  SECTION  TWENTY-FIVE  HUNDRED  THREE, SECTION TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED
FIFTY-FOUR OR SECTION TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED NINETY-H OF THE EDUCATION LAW,
AS APPLICABLE.  PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT WHERE A DISTRICT HAS ENTERED  AN
AGREEMENT  AS  PROVIDED  HEREUNDER  WITH  A  COUNTY, NO CITIES, TOWNS OR
VILLAGES WITHIN THE SAME COUNTY MAY ENTER INTO, OR BE A  PARTY  TO,  ANY
AGREEMENT WITH SUCH DISTRICT PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION. PROVIDED FURTHER,
HOWEVER,  THAT  NO  COUNTY SHALL ENTER AN AGREEMENT WITH ANY CITY SCHOOL
DISTRICT WHOLLY CONTAINED WITHIN A CITY.  NOTHING IN THIS SECTION  SHALL
BE CONSTRUED TO PREVENT A COUNTY, CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE OR DISTRICT AT ANY
TIME TO WITHDRAW FROM OR TERMINATE AN AGREEMENT ENTERED PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION  AND SECTION TWENTY-TWO OF THE CHAPTER OF THE LAWS OF 2019 WHICH
ADDED THIS SECTION.
  1-B. THE TOTAL COST TO THE DISTRICT OF THE  INSTALLATION,  MAINTENANCE
AND  USE  OF  SCHOOL  BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS PURSUANT TO
THIS SECTION SHALL BE BORNE  ENTIRELY  BY  THE  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR
VILLAGE  WITHIN  THE  DISTRICT WHICH IS A PARTY TO SUCH AGREEMENT. ON OR
BEFORE SEPTEMBER FIRST OF EACH YEAR, THE DISTRICT  SHALL  DETERMINE  AND
CERTIFY  TO EACH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE WITH WHICH IT HAS ENTERED
INTO AN AGREEMENT PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION  THE  TOTAL  COST  TO  THE
DISTRICT  FOR  THE  SCHOOL  YEAR  ENDING THE PRECEDING JUNE THIRTIETH OF
INSTALLING, MAINTAINING AND USING SUCH SYSTEMS WITHIN EACH SUCH  COUNTY,
CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE, RESPECTIVELY, FOR THE PROPER HANDLING AND CUSTODY

S. 4524--B                         33

OF  PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPES, OTHER RECORDED IMAGES AND
DATA PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, AND FOR THE  FORWARDING  OF  SUCH  PHOTO-
GRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPES, OTHER RECORDED IMAGES AND DATA TO
THE APPLICABLE COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE. ON OR BEFORE THE FOLLOWING
DECEMBER  FIRST  OF  EACH  YEAR, EACH SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE
SHALL PAY TO THE DISTRICT SUCH COST SO CERTIFIED TO IT ON OR BEFORE  THE
PRECEDING  SEPTEMBER  FIRST.  NOT LATER THAN TWENTY DAYS AFTER EACH SUCH
PAYMENT IS SUBMITTED OR IS DUE, WHICHEVER  OCCURS  FIRST,  THE  DISTRICT
SHALL  SUBMIT  TO THE DIRECTOR OF THE BUDGET AND THE CHAIRPERSONS OF THE
FISCAL COMMITTEES OF THE LEGISLATURE A  REPORT  FOR  EACH  SUCH  COUNTY,
CITY,  TOWN AND VILLAGE SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF COSTS SO CERTIFIED AND THE
AMOUNT OF PAYMENTS SO RECEIVED OR  DUE.  IF  A  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR
VILLAGE  FAILS TO MAKE THE PAYMENT REQUIRED TO THE DISTRICT BY THE TWEN-
TIETH DAY AFTER THE DATE SUCH PAYMENT WAS DUE, (I)  THE  DISTRICT  SHALL
NOTIFY  THE  DIRECTOR  OF  THE BUDGET AND THE CHAIRPERSONS OF THE FISCAL
COMMITTEES OF THE LEGISLATURE  OF  SUCH  OCCURRENCE  WITHIN  TWENTY-FOUR
HOURS OF SUCH DAY; AND (II) THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL BE SUSPENDED
WITHIN SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN, OR VILLAGE UNTIL SUCH TIME AS SUCH COUN-
TY,  CITY,  TOWN, OR VILLAGE MAKES THE PAYMENT REQUIRED TO THE DISTRICT.
THE DISTRICT SHALL NOTIFY THE DIRECTOR OF  THE  BUDGET  AND  THE  CHAIR-
PERSONS  OF  THE  FISCAL  COMMITTEES  OF THE LEGISLATURE OF SUCH PAYMENT
WITHIN SEVEN BUSINESS DAYS OF ITS RECEIPT. PROVIDED, HOWEVER,  THAT  ANY
NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PRIOR TO SUCH DATE SHALL NOT BE VOIDED.
  2. ANY IMAGE OR IMAGES CAPTURED BY SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITOR-
ING  SYSTEMS  SHALL  BE  INADMISSIBLE  IN  ANY  DISCIPLINARY  PROCEEDING
CONVENED BY ANY SCHOOL DISTRICT OR ANY SCHOOL  BUS  CONTRACTOR  THEREOF,
AND ANY PROCEEDING INITIATED BY THE DEPARTMENT INVOLVING LICENSURE PRIV-
ILEGES  OF SCHOOL BUS OPERATORS. ANY SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITOR-
ING DEVICE MOUNTED ON A SCHOOL BUS SHALL BE DIRECTED OUTWARDLY FROM SUCH
SCHOOL BUS TO CAPTURE  IMAGES  OF  VEHICLES  OPERATED  IN  VIOLATION  OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, AND IMAGES PRODUCED
BY SUCH DEVICE SHALL NOT BE USED FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE.
  3.  (I)  ANY  PARTICIPATING  SCHOOL  DISTRICT SHALL BE PROHIBITED FROM
ACCESSING ANY PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPES, OTHER  RECORDED
IMAGES  OR  DATA  FROM SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS BUT
SHALL PROVIDE, PURSUANT TO AN AGREEMENT WITH A  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR
VILLAGE AS PROVIDED IN THIS SECTION, FOR THE PROPER HANDLING AND CUSTODY
OF SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPES, OTHER RECORDED IMAGES
AND DATA PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEMS, AND FOR THE FORWARDING OF SUCH PHOTO-
GRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPES, OTHER RECORDED IMAGES AND DATA TO
THE APPLICABLE COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE FOR THE PURPOSE  OF  DETER-
MINING  WHETHER A MOTOR VEHICLE WAS OPERATED IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
(A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS  TITLE  AND  IMPOSING
MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF SUCH MOTOR VEHICLE THEREFOR.
  (II)  PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPES, OTHER RECORDED IMAGES
AND DATA PRODUCED BY SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL
BE DESTROYED (A) NINETY DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF THE ALLEGED IMPOSITION OF
LIABILITY IF A NOTICE OF LIABILITY IS NOT ISSUED FOR SUCH ALLEGED  IMPO-
SITION  OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION OR (B) UPON FINAL DISPOSI-
TION OF A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
  4. A COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR  VILLAGE  ESTABLISHING  A  DEMONSTRATION
PROGRAM  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION SHALL ADOPT AND ENFORCE MEASURES TO
PROTECT THE PRIVACY OF DRIVERS,  PASSENGERS,  PEDESTRIANS  AND  CYCLISTS
WHOSE  IDENTITY  AND IDENTIFYING INFORMATION MAY BE CAPTURED BY A SCHOOL
BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING DEVICE. SUCH MEASURES SHALL INCLUDE:

S. 4524--B                         34

  (I) UTILIZATION OF NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES TO  ENSURE,  TO  THE  EXTENT
PRACTICABLE,   THAT  PHOTOGRAPHS  PRODUCED  BY  SUCH  SCHOOL  BUS  PHOTO
VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY  THE
DRIVER,  THE  PASSENGERS,  THE  CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE, PEDESTRIANS AND
CYCLISTS. PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT NO NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT
TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE DISMISSED SOLELY BECAUSE A PHOTOGRAPH OR PHOTO-
GRAPHS  ALLOW  FOR  THE  IDENTIFICATION  OF  THE  CONTENTS OF A VEHICLE,
PROVIDED THAT SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE HAS MADE  A  REASONABLE
EFFORT TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH;
  (II)  A  PROHIBITION  ON THE USE OR DISSEMINATION OF VEHICLES' LICENSE
PLATE INFORMATION AND OTHER INFORMATION AND IMAGES  CAPTURED  BY  SCHOOL
BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS EXCEPT: (A) AS REQUIRED TO ESTAB-
LISH  LIABILITY  UNDER THIS SECTION OR COLLECT PAYMENT OF PENALTIES; (B)
AS REQUIRED BY COURT ORDER; OR (C) AS OTHERWISE REQUIRED BY LAW;
  (III) THE INSTALLATION OF SIGNAGE IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTAB-
LISHED IN THE MUTCD AT EACH ROADWAY ENTRANCE OF THE JURISDICTIONAL BOUN-
DARIES OF SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE GIVING NOTICE  THAT  SCHOOL
BUS  PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS ARE USED TO ENFORCE RESTRICTIONS
ON VEHICLES VIOLATING SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS  CHAP-
TER.  FOR  THE  PURPOSES OF THIS PARAGRAPH, THE TERM "ROADWAY" SHALL NOT
INCLUDE STATE EXPRESSWAY ROUTES OR STATE  INTERSTATE  ROUTES  BUT  SHALL
INCLUDE  CONTROLLED-ACCESS  HIGHWAY  EXIT RAMPS THAT ENTER THE JURISDIC-
TIONAL BOUNDARIES OF A COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE; AND
  (IV) OVERSIGHT PROCEDURES TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE WITH THE AFOREMENTIONED
PRIVACY PROTECTION MEASURES.
  (B) IN ANY SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR  VILLAGE  WHICH  HAS  ADOPTED  A
LOCAL  LAW OR ORDINANCE PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE
OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A  PENALTY  IMPOSED  PURSUANT  TO
THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH THE PERMISSION OF
THE  OWNER,  EXPRESS  OR  IMPLIED,  IN  VIOLATION  OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE, AND SUCH  VIOLATION
IS  EVIDENCED  BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION
MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL  BE
LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR
OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
VISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE.
  (C)  FOR  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE
FOLLOWING MEANINGS: "COUNTY" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN  SECTION
THREE  OF  THE  COUNTY  LAW, EXCEPT THAT SUCH TERM SHALL NOT INCLUDE ANY
COUNTY WHOLLY CONTAINED  WITHIN  A  CITY;  "MANUAL  ON  UNIFORM  TRAFFIC
CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD" SHALL MEAN THE MANUAL AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR
A  UNIFORM  SYSTEM  OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES MAINTAINED BY THE COMMIS-
SIONER OF TRANSPORTATION PURSUANT TO SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
THIS  CHAPTER;  "OWNER" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B
OF THIS CHAPTER; AND "SCHOOL  BUS  PHOTO  VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM"
SHALL  MEAN  A  DEVICE  THAT IS CAPABLE OF OPERATING INDEPENDENTLY OF AN
ENFORCEMENT OFFICER WHICH IS INSTALLED TO WORK  IN  CONJUNCTION  WITH  A
SCHOOL  BUS STOP-ARM AND WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTO-
GRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  A  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED
IMAGES  OF  A VEHICLE AT THE TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED IN VIOLATION OF
SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE.
  (D) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A  TECHNICIAN  EMPLOYED  BY
THE  COUNTY,  CITY,  TOWN  OR  VILLAGE  IN  WHICH  THE CHARGED VIOLATION
OCCURRED, OR A FACSIMILE THEREOF, BASED UPON INSPECTION OF  PHOTOGRAPHS,
MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES  PRODUCED BY A
SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEM,  SHALL  BE  PRIMA  FACIE

S. 4524--B                         35

EVIDENCE  OF  THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN.  ANY PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES EVIDENCING SUCH  A  VIOLATION
SHALL  BE  AVAILABLE  FOR INSPECTION IN ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE
LIABILITY  FOR  SUCH  VIOLATION  PURSUANT  TO  A  LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE
ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
  (E) AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO A LOCAL LAW OR
ORDINANCE ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE LIABLE FOR  MONETARY
PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND PENALTIES TO BE SET
FORTH IN SUCH LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE, EXCEPT THAT IF A CITY BY LOCAL LAW
HAS  AUTHORIZED  THE  ADJUDICATION  OF SUCH OWNER LIABILITY BY A PARKING
VIOLATIONS BUREAU, SUCH SCHEDULE SHALL BE PROMULGATED  BY  SUCH  BUREAU.
THE LIABILITY OF THE OWNER PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE TWO HUNDRED
FIFTY  DOLLARS  FOR  A FIRST VIOLATION, TWO HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE DOLLARS
FOR A SECOND VIOLATION BOTH OF WHICH WERE COMMITTED WITHIN A  PERIOD  OF
EIGHTEEN  MONTHS,  AND  THREE  HUNDRED DOLLARS FOR A THIRD OR SUBSEQUENT
VIOLATION ALL OF WHICH  WERE  COMMITTED  WITHIN  A  PERIOD  OF  EIGHTEEN
MONTHS;  PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT SUCH LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE MAY PROVIDE
FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT IN EXCESS OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR  EACH
VIOLATION FOR THE FAILURE TO RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE
PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
  (F)  AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR
AND SHALL NOT BE MADE PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF  THE  PERSON  UPON
WHOM  SUCH  LIABILITY  IS  IMPOSED  NOR  SHALL  IT BE USED FOR INSURANCE
PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
  (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
(A)  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO
THIS SECTION. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT  BE  REQUIRED.  A
MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDINARY COURSE OF
BUSINESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN.
  2.  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
(A)  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO
THIS SECTION, THE REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VEHICLE  INVOLVED  IN  SUCH
VIOLATION,  THE  LOCATION  WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK PLACE, THE DATE AND
TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION AND THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE CAMERA WHICH
RECORDED THE VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR NUMBER.
  3. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY  SHALL  CONTAIN  INFORMATION  ADVISING  THE
PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST
THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO
CONTAIN  A WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSONS CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO CONTEST
IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF  LIABIL-
ITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
  4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE COUNTY,
CITY,  TOWN  OR VILLAGE IN WHICH THE VIOLATION OCCURRED, OR BY ANY OTHER
ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE TO  PREPARE  AND
MAIL SUCH NOTIFICATION OF VIOLATION.
  (H)  ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS SECTION
SHALL BE BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO  SECTION
THREE  HUNDRED  SEVENTY OF THE GENERAL MUNICIPAL LAW WHERE THE VIOLATION
OCCURRED OR, IF THERE BE NONE, BY THE  COURT  HAVING  JURISDICTION  OVER
TRAFFIC  INFRACTIONS WHERE THE VIOLATION OCCURRED, EXCEPT THAT IF A CITY
HAS  ESTABLISHED  AN  ADMINISTRATIVE  TRIBUNAL  TO  HEAR  AND  DETERMINE
COMPLAINTS  OF  TRAFFIC  INFRACTIONS  CONSTITUTING  PARKING, STANDING OR

S. 4524--B                         36

STOPPING VIOLATIONS SUCH CITY MAY, BY LOCAL LAW, AUTHORIZE SUCH  ADJUDI-
CATION BY SUCH TRIBUNAL.
  (I)  IF  AN  OWNER  RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS
SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE WAS REPORTED TO THE
POLICE AS HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN  ALLEGA-
TION  OF  LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION  THAT  THE
VEHICLE  HAD BEEN REPORTED TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE
VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD  NOT  BEEN  RECOVERED  BY  SUCH  TIME.    FOR
PURPOSES  OF ASSERTING THE DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION IT SHALL
BE SUFFICIENT THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON  THE  STOLEN
VEHICLE  BE  SENT  BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU,
COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OR PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
  (J) 1. IN SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE WHERE THE ADJUDICATION OF
LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IS BY  A  TRAFFIC
VIOLATIONS  BUREAU  OR  A  COURT  HAVING JURISDICTION, AN OWNER WHO IS A
LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WAS  ISSUED  PURSUANT
TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION
OF  SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTI-
CLE, PROVIDED THAT HE OR SHE SENDS TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS  BUREAU  OR
COURT  HAVING  JURISDICTION  A  COPY  OF THE RENTAL, LEASE OR OTHER SUCH
CONTRACT DOCUMENT COVERING SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE  OF  THE  VIOLATION,
WITH  THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE CLEARLY LEGIBLE, WITHIN THIRTY-
SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OR COURT OF  THE  DATE
AND  TIME  OF  SUCH  VIOLATION,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  OTHER  INFORMATION
CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY.   FAILURE  TO  SEND  SUCH
INFORMATION  WITHIN  SUCH  THIRTY-SEVEN DAY TIME PERIOD SHALL RENDER THE
OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY  PRESCRIBED  BY  THIS  SECTION.  WHERE  THE
LESSOR  COMPLIES  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH, THE LESSEE OF
SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE  DEEMED  TO  BE  THE
OWNER  OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO
LIABILITY FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE  SENT
A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION.
  2.  (I) IN A CITY WHICH, BY LOCAL LAW, HAS AUTHORIZED THE ADJUDICATION
OF LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS SECTION BY A PARKING VIOLATIONS
BUREAU, AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A  VEHICLE  TO  WHICH  A  NOTICE  OF
LIABILITY  WAS  ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL
NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE, PROVIDED THAT:
  (A)  PRIOR  TO  THE VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH THE BUREAU IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION  TWO  HUNDRED  THIRTY-NINE  OF
THIS CHAPTER; AND
  (B) WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU OF
THE  DATE  AND  TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMATION
CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS TO THE
BUREAU THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHICLE IDENTI-
FIED IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION,  TOGETHER
WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL, LEASE OR
OTHER  CONTRACT  DOCUMENT,  AS  MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY THE BUREAU
PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS THAT MAY BE PROMULGATED FOR SUCH PURPOSE.
  (II) FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH CLAUSE (B) OF  SUBPARAGRAPH  (I)  OF  THIS
PARAGRAPH  SHALL  RENDER  THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED IN
THIS SECTION.
  (III) WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH,
THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED

S. 4524--B                         37

TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION,  SHALL  BE
SUBJECT  TO  LIABILITY  FOR  SUCH VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND
SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF  THIS
SECTION.
  (K)  1.  IF  THE  OWNER  LIABLE  FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (A) OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS  ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
SECTION  WAS  NOT  THE  OPERATOR  OF  THE  VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME OF THE
VIOLATION, THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION  AGAINST
THE OPERATOR.
  2.  NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF A
VEHICLE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO A MONETARY FINE  IMPOSED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
OUT  THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR FAILED TO COMPLY
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER.  FOR  PURPOSES
OF  THIS  SUBDIVISION  THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF
SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT
THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR FAILED TO  COMPLY  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER.
  (L)  NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY
OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE.
  (M)  IN  ANY  SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE WHICH ADOPTS A DEMON-
STRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, SUCH COUN-
TY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE SHALL SUBMIT AN ANNUAL REPORT ON  THE  RESULTS
OF  THE  USE  OF  A  SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM TO THE
GOVERNOR, THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER  OF  THE
ASSEMBLY  ON OR BEFORE JUNE FIRST, TWO THOUSAND NINETEEN AND ON THE SAME
DATE IN EACH SUCCEEDING YEAR IN WHICH THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IS OPER-
ABLE. SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE, BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO:
  1. THE NUMBER OF BUSES AND A DESCRIPTION OF THE ROUTES WHERE  STATION-
ARY AND MOBILE SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED;
  2.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF ACCIDENTS REPORTED AT
LOCATIONS WHERE A SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM  IS  USED
FOR  THE  YEAR  PRECEDING THE INSTALLATION OF SUCH SYSTEM, TO THE EXTENT
THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT  OF  MOTOR  VEHICLES  OF
THIS STATE;
  3.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF ACCIDENTS REPORTED AT
LOCATIONS WHERE A SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS  USED,
TO  THE  EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR
VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
  4. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED AT EACH LOCATION WHERE  A  SCHOOL
BUS  PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED AND IN THE AGGREGATE ON A
DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
  4-A. THE NUMBER OF CONVICTIONS FOR VIOLATIONS OF  SUBDIVISION  (A)  OF
SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF THIS ARTICLE RECORDED AT EACH
LOCATION WHERE A SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED ON
AN ANNUAL BASIS, TO THE EXTENT THE  INFORMATION  IS  MAINTAINED  BY  THE
DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
  5.  THE  TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS
RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
  6. THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE  FIRST
NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
  7.  THE  NUMBER  OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND RESULTS OF SUCH ADJUDI-
CATIONS  INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS  OF  DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR   VIOLATIONS
RECORDED  BY  SUCH  SYSTEMS WHICH SHALL BE PROVIDED AT LEAST ANNUALLY TO

S. 4524--B                         38

SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE BY THE RESPECTIVE COURTS, BUREAUS AND
AGENCIES CONDUCTING SUCH ADJUDICATIONS;
  8.  THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY SUCH CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE
FROM SUCH ADJUDICATIONS;
  9. THE EXPENSES INCURRED BY SUCH CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE  IN  CONNECTION
WITH THE PROGRAM;
  10.  THE QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS INCLUDING
THE TOTAL NUMBER OF HEARINGS  SCHEDULED,  RE-SCHEDULED,  AND  HELD;  THE
TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS SCHEDULED FOR SUCH HEARINGS; THE TOTAL NUMBER OF
CASES WHERE FINES WERE PAID ON OR BEFORE THE HEARING DATE; AND THE TOTAL
NUMBER  OF DEFAULT JUDGMENTS ENTERED. SUCH INFORMATION SHALL BE PROVIDED
AT LEAST ANNUALLY TO SUCH COUNTY, CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE BY  THE  RESPEC-
TIVE COURTS, BUREAUS AND AGENCIES CONDUCTING SUCH ADJUDICATIONS; AND
  11.  A  DESCRIPTION  OF  PUBLIC EDUCATION ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED TO WARN
MOTORISTS OF THE DANGERS OF OVERTAKING AND PASSING STOPPED SCHOOL BUSES.
  (N) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
VISION (A) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS ARTICLE PURSU-
ANT TO A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE ADOPTED PURSUANT TO  THIS  SECTION  THAT
SUCH SCHOOL BUS STOP-ARMS WERE MALFUNCTIONING AT THE TIME OF THE ALLEGED
VIOLATION.
  §  10.  The  opening  paragraph  and paragraph (c) of subdivision 1 of
section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 10 of
chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, are amended to read as follows:
  Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court of  this
state  result  in  a  conviction  for an offense under this chapter or a
traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule
or  regulation  adopted  pursuant  to this chapter, other than a traffic
infraction involving standing, stopping, or  parking  or  violations  by
pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication of liability of
an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
eleven of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred
eleven-a  of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of
an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of  section  eleven  hundred
eleven  of  this  chapter  in  accordance  with  section  eleven hundred
eleven-b of this chapter, or other than an  adjudication  in  accordance
with  section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a violation of
a bus lane restriction as defined in such  section,  or  other  than  an
adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)
of  section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of this chapter in accordance with
section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  adju-
dication  of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),
(c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in
accordance with section eleven hundred  eighty-b  of  this  chapter,  or
other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven  hundred  eighty
of  this  chapter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of
this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
ter,  OR  OTHER  THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A
VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
there shall be levied a crime victim  assistance  fee  and  a  mandatory
surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in
accordance with the following schedule:

S. 4524--B                         39

  (c) Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a  court  of
this  state  result  in  a  conviction for an offense under this chapter
other than a crime pursuant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this
chapter, or a traffic infraction under this chapter,  or  a  local  law,
ordinance,  rule  or  regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, other
than a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping,  or  parking  or
violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-a of this chapter,  or  other  than  an  adjudication  of
liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an  infraction  pursuant
to article nine of this chapter or other than an adjudication of liabil-
ity  of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant
to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
ties law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty or other than
an  adjudication  in  accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of
this chapter for a violation of a bus lane  restriction  as  defined  in
such section, or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for
a  violation  of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability  of
an  owner  for  a  violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, or other than  an  adjudication
of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
hundred  eleven-e  of  this  chapter,  OR  OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF
LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A  OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a crime victim assist-
ance fee in the amount of five dollars and  a  mandatory  surcharge,  in
addition  to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount of
fifty-five dollars.
  § 10-a. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic  law,
as  amended  by  section  10-a  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
amended to read as follows:
  1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
traffic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule
or  regulation  adopted  pursuant  to this chapter, other than a traffic
infraction involving standing, stopping, parking or motor vehicle equip-
ment or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an  adju-
dication  of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter, or other than  an  adjudication
of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
hundred  eleven-b  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication in
accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this  chapter  for  a
violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other

S. 4524--B                         40

than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi-
vision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter  in  accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this  chapter,
or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
eighty  of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eight-
y-c of this chapter, or other than an adjudication of  liability  of  an
owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR
A  VIOLATION  OF  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence
required or permitted by law, in the amount of twenty-five dollars.
  §  10-b. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
as amended by section 10-b of chapter  222  of  the  laws  of  2015,  is
amended to read as follows:
  1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for a
violation of a bus lane restriction as defined in such section, or other
than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdi-
vision  (d)  of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than
an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of  subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter,
or other than an adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation
of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred
eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred  eight-
y-c  of  this  chapter, or other than an adjudication of liability of an
owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
en of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of
this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR
A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,
there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge, in addition to any sentence
required or permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
  § 10-c. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic  law,
as  amended  by  section  10-c  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
amended to read as follows:
  1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),
(f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  in  accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter, or other than
an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision

S. 4524--B                         41

(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this  chapter,
or  other  than an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation
of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in
accordance with section eleven hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter,  or
other  than  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this  chapter  in
accordance  with  section  eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, OR
OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF
SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER,  there  shall  be
levied  a  mandatory  surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or
permitted by law, in the amount of seventeen dollars.
  § 10-d. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic  law,
as  amended  by  section  10-d  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
amended to read as follows:
  1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),
(f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  in  accord-
ance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter, or other than
an  adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
(d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance  with
section  eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or other than an adju-
dication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of
section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eleven-e of this chapter, OR OTHER THAN AN ADJUDICATION
OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS  CHAPTER,  there  shall  be  levied  a  mandatory
surcharge,  in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in
the amount of seventeen dollars.
  § 10-e. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic  law,
as  amended  by  section  10-e  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
amended to read as follows:
  1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than  an  adjudication
of  liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section  eleven
hundred  eleven-d  of  this  chapter,  or  other than an adjudication of
liability of an owner for a violation  of  subdivision  (d)  of  section
eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  OR  OTHER  THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION  OF
LIABILITY  OF  AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a mandatory  surcharge,
in  addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount
of seventeen dollars.

S. 4524--B                         42

  § 10-f. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic  law,
as  amended  by  section  10-f  of  chapter  222 of the laws of 2015, is
amended to read as follows:
  1.  Whenever  proceedings  in an administrative tribunal or a court of
this state result in a conviction for a crime under this  chapter  or  a
traffic  infraction  under  this chapter other than a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, parking  or  motor  vehicle  equipment  or
violations  by  pedestrians or bicyclists, or other than an adjudication
of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d)  of  section
eleven  hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-e of this chapter,  OR  OTHER  THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION  OF
LIABILITY  OF  AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a mandatory  surcharge,
in  addition to any sentence required or permitted by law, in the amount
of seventeen dollars.
  § 10-g. Subdivision 1 of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic  law,
as  separately  amended by chapter 16 of the laws of 1983 and chapter 62
of the laws of 1989, is amended to read as follows:
  1. Whenever proceedings in an administrative tribunal or  a  court  of
this  state  result  in a conviction for a crime under this chapter or a
traffic infraction under this chapter other than  a  traffic  infraction
involving  standing,  stopping,  parking  or  motor vehicle equipment or
violations by pedestrians or bicyclists, OR OTHER THAN  AN  ADJUDICATION
OF  LIABILITY  OF  AN  OWNER  FOR  A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED
SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  there  shall  be  levied a mandatory
surcharge, in addition to any sentence required or permitted by law,  in
the amount of seventeen dollars.
  §  11.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 11 of chapter 222 of the laws  of
2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter, or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-b of this chap-
ter, and except  an  adjudication  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
restriction as defined in such section, and except  an  adjudication  of
liability  of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)
or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this  chapter  in  accordance
with  section  eleven  hundred  eighty-b  of this chapter, and except an
adjudication of liability of an owner for  a  violation  of  subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-

S. 4524--B                         43

ter  in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this chapter,
and except an adjudication of liability of an owner for a  violation  of
toll  collection  regulations  pursuant  to  section  two  thousand nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any
sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted  by  law,  an
additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  §  11-a. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 11-a of chapter 222 of  the  laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER,  and  except  an adjudication in accordance with section eleven
hundred  eleven-c  of  this  chapter  of  a  violation  of  a  bus  lane
restriction  as  defined  in such section, and except an adjudication of
liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)
or  (g)  of  section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance
with section eleven hundred eighty-b of  this  chapter,  and  except  an
adjudication  of  liability  of  an owner for a violation of subdivision
(b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap-
ter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-c of this  chapter,
and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of
toll collection  regulations  pursuant  to  section  two  thousand  nine
hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections sixteen-a,
sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the
laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition to any
sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted  by  law,  an
additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  §  11-b. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 11-b of chapter 222 of  the  laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS

S. 4524--B                         44

CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-b  of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an
owner for a violation of subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f)  or  (g)  of
section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section
eleven  hundred  eighty-c of this chapter, and except an adjudication of
liability of an owner for a violation  of  toll  collection  regulations
pursuant  to section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public
authorities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of  chap-
ter  seven  hundred  seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty,
there shall be levied in addition to  any  sentence,  penalty  or  other
surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twen-
ty-eight dollars.
  §  11-c. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 11-c of chapter 222 of  the  laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or  (g)  of  section  eleven
hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred
eighty-c  of this chapter, and except an adjudication of liability of an
owner for a violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section
two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities  law  or
sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred
seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen  hundred  fifty,  there  shall  be
levied  in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required
or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  § 11-d. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
and  traffic  law, as amended by section 11-d of chapter 222 of the laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-d of this  chap-
ter  or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS

S. 4524--B                         45

CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
violation  of  toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thou-
sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or  sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
to  any  sentence,  penalty  or other surcharge required or permitted by
law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  § 11-e. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the  vehicle
and  traffic  law, as amended by section 11-e of chapter 222 of the laws
of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists, and except an adjudication of liability of an  owner  for  a
violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter or in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-e of this  chap-
ter, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER,  and  except  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
violation of toll collection regulations pursuant to section  two  thou-
sand  nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge  required  or  permitted  by
law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  §  11-f. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
and traffic law, as amended by section 5 of part C of chapter 55 of  the
laws of 2013, is amended to read as follows:
  a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except a traffic infraction
involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or
bicyclists,  and  except  an adjudication of liability of an owner for a
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chap-
ter  OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THIS
CHAPTER, and except an adjudication of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a
violation  of  toll collection regulations pursuant to section two thou-
sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law or  sections
sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, there shall be levied in addition
to  any  sentence,  penalty  or other surcharge required or permitted by
law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars.
  § 12. Subdivision 3 of section 1803 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
amended by chapter 679 of the laws of 1970, is amended and a new  subdi-
vision 10 is added to read as follows:
  3.  All  fines,  penalties  and  forfeitures  paid  to a city, town or
village pursuant to the provisions of paragraph a of subdivision one  of
this  section  AND  SUBDIVISION TEN OF THIS SECTION shall be credited to

S. 4524--B                         46

the general fund of such city,  town  or  village,  unless  a  different
disposition  is  prescribed  by charter, special law, local law or ordi-
nance.
  10.  EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH E OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF
THIS SECTION, WHERE A COUNTY HAS  ESTABLISHED  A  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM
IMPOSING  MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN
OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR  OF
THIS CHAPTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF
THIS  CHAPTER,  ANY  FINE OR PENALTY COLLECTED BY A COURT, JUDGE, MAGIS-
TRATE OR OTHER OFFICER FOR AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY WHICH OCCURS WITH-
IN SUCH COUNTY PURSUANT TO SUCH PROGRAM SHALL BE PAID TO THE STATE COMP-
TROLLER WITHIN THE FIRST TEN DAYS OF  THE  MONTH  FOLLOWING  COLLECTION.
EVERY  SUCH PAYMENT SHALL BE ACCOMPANIED BY A STATEMENT IN SUCH FORM AND
DETAIL AS THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PROVIDE. THE COMPTROLLER SHALL PAY NINE-
TY PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY IMPOSED FOR SUCH LIABILITY TO THE
COUNTY IN WHICH THE VIOLATION GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY OCCURRED, AND
TEN PERCENT OF ANY SUCH FINE OR PENALTY TO THE CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE  IN
WHICH THE VIOLATION GIVING RISE TO THE LIABILITY OCCURRED.
  §  13.  Subdivision  1 of section 371 of the general municipal law, as
amended by section 12 of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended  to
read as follows:
  1.  A  traffic  violations  bureau so established may be authorized to
dispose of violations of traffic laws, ordinances, rules and regulations
when such offenses shall not constitute the traffic infraction known  as
speeding  or a misdemeanor or felony, and, if authorized by local law or
ordinance, to adjudicate the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of
subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of the vehicle and
traffic law in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-a  of  such
law  or section eleven hundred eleven-b of such law as added by sections
sixteen of chapters twenty, [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws  of
two  thousand  nine  which  amended  this subdivision, or section eleven
hundred eleven-d of such law, or section eleven hundred eleven-e of such
law OR SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF SUCH LAW.
  § 13-a. Section 371 of  the  general  municipal  law,  as  amended  by
section  12-a  of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
follows:
  § 371. Jurisdiction and procedure.  A  traffic  violations  bureau  so
established  may be authorized to dispose of violations of traffic laws,
ordinances, rules and regulations when such offenses shall  not  consti-
tute  the traffic infraction known as speeding or a misdemeanor or felo-
ny, and, if authorized by local law  or  ordinance,  to  adjudicate  the
liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven
hundred eleven of the vehicle and traffic law in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-b of such law as  added  by  sections  sixteen  of
chapters  twenty,  [twenty-one,] and twenty-two of the laws of two thou-
sand nine which amended this section or section eleven hundred  eleven-d
of  such  law or section eleven hundred eleven-e of such law, OR SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  SUCH  LAW,  by  permitting  a  person
charged with an offense within the limitations herein stated, to answer,
within  a  specified  time,  at the traffic violations bureau, either in
person or by written power of attorney in such form as may be prescribed
in the ordinance creating the bureau, by paying a prescribed  fine  and,
in writing, waiving a hearing in court, pleading guilty to the charge or
admitting  liability as an owner for the violation of subdivision (d) of
section eleven hundred eleven of the vehicle and  traffic  law,  as  the
case  may be, and authorizing the person in charge of the bureau to make

S. 4524--B                         47

such a plea or admission and pay such a fine in court. Acceptance of the
prescribed fine and power of attorney by  the  bureau  shall  be  deemed
complete  satisfaction  for  the  violation or of the liability, and the
violator  or  owner liable for a violation of subdivision (d) of section
eleven hundred eleven of the vehicle and traffic law shall  be  given  a
receipt  which  so  states. If a person charged with a traffic violation
does not answer as hereinbefore prescribed, within  a  designated  time,
the  bureau  shall  cause  a  complaint to be entered against him or her
forthwith and a warrant to be issued for his or her arrest  and  appear-
ance  before  the  court.  Any  person  who  shall have been, within the
preceding twelve months, guilty of a number  of  parking  violations  in
excess  of  such maximum number as may be designated by the court, or of
three or more violations other than parking  violations,  shall  not  be
permitted  to appear and answer to a subsequent violation at the traffic
violations bureau, but must appear in court at a time specified  by  the
bureau.  Such  traffic  violations  bureau  shall  not  be authorized to
deprive a person of his or her right to counsel or to prevent him or her
from exercising his or her right  to  appear  in  court  to  answer  to,
explain,  or  defend any charge of a violation of any traffic law, ordi-
nance, rule or regulation.
  § 13-b. Section 371 of  the  general  municipal  law,  as  amended  by
section  12-b  of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to read as
follows:
  § 371. Jurisdiction and procedure.  A  traffic  violations  bureau  so
established  may be authorized to dispose of violations of traffic laws,
ordinances, rules and regulations when such offenses shall  not  consti-
tute  the traffic infraction known as speeding or a misdemeanor or felo-
ny, and, if authorized by local law  or  ordinance,  to  adjudicate  the
liability  of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven
hundred eleven of the vehicle and traffic law in accordance with section
eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred  eleven-e  OR  SECTION
ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A of the vehicle and traffic law, by permit-
ting  a  person  charged  with  an offense within the limitations herein
stated, to answer, within a specified time, at  the  traffic  violations
bureau, either in person or by written power of attorney in such form as
may  be  prescribed  in  the  ordinance creating the bureau, by paying a
prescribed fine and, in writing, waiving a hearing  in  court,  pleading
guilty  to  the  charge  or  admitting  liability  as  an  owner for the
violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven  hundred  eleven  of  the
vehicle  and traffic law, as the case may be, and authorizing the person
in charge of the bureau to make such a plea or admission and pay such  a
fine  in  court. Acceptance of the prescribed fine and power of attorney
by the bureau shall be deemed complete satisfaction for the violation or
of the liability, and the violator or owner liable for  a  violation  of
subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred eleven of the vehicle and
traffic law shall be given a  receipt  which  so  states.  If  a  person
charged  with  a  traffic  violation  does  not  answer  as hereinbefore
prescribed, within a designated time, the bureau shall cause a complaint
to be entered against him or her forthwith and a warrant  to  be  issued
for  his  or  her arrest and appearance before the court. Any person who
shall have been, within the preceding twelve months, guilty of a  number
of  parking violations in excess of such maximum number as may be desig-
nated by the court, or of three or more violations  other  than  parking
violations,  shall not be permitted to appear and answer to a subsequent
violation at the traffic violations bureau, but must appear in court  at
a time specified by the bureau. Such traffic violations bureau shall not

S. 4524--B                         48

be  authorized  to deprive a person of his or her right to counsel or to
prevent him or her from exercising his or her right to appear  in  court
to  answer to, explain, or defend any charge of a violation of any traf-
fic law, ordinance, rule or regulation.
  §  13-c.  Section  371  of  the  general  municipal law, as amended by
section 12-c of chapter 222 of the laws of 2015, is amended to  read  as
follows:
  §  371.  Jurisdiction  and  procedure.  A traffic violations bureau so
established may be authorized to dispose of violations of traffic  laws,
ordinances,  rules  and regulations when such offenses shall not consti-
tute the traffic infraction known as speeding or a misdemeanor or  felo-
ny,  and,  if  authorized  by  local law or ordinance, to adjudicate the
liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section  eleven
hundred eleven of the vehicle and traffic law in accordance with section
eleven  hundred eleven-e of the vehicle and traffic law, AND, IF AUTHOR-
IZED BY LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE, TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS
FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND
TRAFFIC  LAW IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF
THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW by  permitting  a  person  charged  with  an
offense within the limitations herein stated, to answer, within a speci-
fied  time,  at  the  traffic  violations bureau, either in person or by
written power of attorney in such form as may be prescribed in the ordi-
nance creating the bureau, by paying a prescribed fine and, in  writing,
waiving  a  hearing in court, pleading guilty to the charge or admitting
liability as an owner for violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven
hundred eleven of the vehicle and traffic law, as the case  may  be,  OR
ADMITTING  LIABILITY  AS  AN  OWNER  FOR  A  VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, AS THE CASE MAY BE,
and authorizing the person in charge of the bureau to make such  a  plea
or  admission and pay such a fine in court. Acceptance of the prescribed
fine and power of attorney by the bureau shall be deemed complete satis-
faction for the violation or of the liability, and the violator or owner
liable for a violation of subdivision  (d)  of  section  eleven  hundred
eleven of the vehicle and traffic law OR OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF
SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW shall
be  given  a receipt which so states. If a person charged with a traffic
violation does not answer as hereinbefore prescribed,  within  a  desig-
nated time, the bureau shall cause a complaint to be entered against him
or  her  forthwith  and a warrant to be issued for his or her arrest and
appearance before the court. Any person who shall have been, within  the
preceding  twelve  months,  guilty  of a number of parking violations in
excess of such maximum number as may be designated by the court,  or  of
three  or  more  violations  other than parking violations, shall not be
permitted to appear and answer to a subsequent violation at the  traffic
violations  bureau,  but must appear in court at a time specified by the
bureau. Such traffic  violations  bureau  shall  not  be  authorized  to
deprive a person of his or her right to counsel or to prevent him or her
from  exercising  his  or  her  right  to  appear in court to answer to,
explain, or defend any charge of a violation of any traffic  law,  ordi-
nance, rule or regulation.
  §  13-d. Section 371 of the general municipal law, as amended by chap-
ter 802 of the laws of 1949, is amended to read as follows:
  § 371. Jurisdiction and procedure.  A  traffic  violations  bureau  so
established  may be authorized to dispose of violations of traffic laws,
ordinances, rules and regulations when such offenses shall  not  consti-
tute  the traffic infraction known as speeding or a misdemeanor or felo-

S. 4524--B                         49

ny, AND, IF AUTHORIZED BY LOCAL LAW  OR  ORDINANCE,  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE
LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-
FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN
HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF  THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW by permitting a
person charged with an offense within the limitations herein stated,  to
answer,  within  a  specified  time,  at  the traffic violations bureau,
either in person or by written power of attorney in such form as may  be
prescribed  in the ordinance creating the bureau, by paying a prescribed
fine and, in writing, waiving a hearing in court, pleading guilty to the
charge, OR ADMITTING LIABILITY AS AN OWNER FOR A  VIOLATION  OF  SECTION
ELEVEN  HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, AS THE CASE
MAY BE and authorizing the person in charge of the bureau to make such a
plea OR ADMISSION and pay such a fine  in  court.    Acceptance  of  the
prescribed  fine  and  power  of  attorney by the bureau shall be deemed
complete satisfaction for the  violation,  and  the  violator  OR  OWNER
LIABLE  FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE
VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW shall be given a receipt which so states.  If  a
person  charged with a traffic violation does not answer as hereinbefore
prescribed, within a designated time, the bureau shall cause a complaint
to be entered against him OR HER forthwith and a warrant  to  be  issued
for  his  OR  HER arrest and appearance before the court. Any person who
shall have been, within the preceding twelve months, guilty of a  number
of  parking violations in excess of such maximum number as may be desig-
nated by the court, or of three or more violations  other  than  parking
violations,  shall not be permitted to appear and answer to a subsequent
violation at the traffic violations bureau, but must appear in court  at
a time specified by the bureau. Such traffic violations bureau shall not
be  authorized  to deprive a person of his OR HER right to counsel or to
prevent him OR HER from exercising his OR HER right to appear  in  court
to  answer to, explain, or defend any charge of a violation of any traf-
fic law, ordinance, rule or regulation.
  § 14. Subdivision 2 of section 371 of the general  municipal  law,  as
amended  by  chapter  43  of  the  laws  of  2014, is amended to read as
follows:
  2. The Nassau county traffic and parking violations agency, as  estab-
lished,  may  be  authorized to assist the Nassau county district court,
and the Suffolk county traffic and parking violations agency, as  estab-
lished,  may  be authorized to assist the Suffolk county district court,
in the disposition and administration  of  infractions  of  traffic  and
parking  laws,  ordinances,  rules  and regulations and the liability of
owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
en of the vehicle and traffic law  in  accordance  with  section  eleven
hundred  eleven-b of such law and the liability of owners for violations
of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
eighty  of the vehicle and traffic law in accordance with section eleven
hundred eighty-c of such law AND THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR  VIOLATIONS
OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF SUCH LAW,
except that such agencies shall not have jurisdiction over (a) the traf-
fic infraction defined under subdivision one of section  eleven  hundred
ninety-two  of  the  vehicle and traffic law; (b) the traffic infraction
defined under subdivision five of section eleven hundred  ninety-two  of
the  vehicle  and traffic law; (c) the violation defined under paragraph
(b) of subdivision four of section fourteen-f of the transportation  law
and  the  violation  defined  under  clause (b) of subparagraph (iii) of
paragraph c of subdivision two of  section  one  hundred  forty  of  the

S. 4524--B                         50

transportation  law;  (d)  the  traffic infraction defined under section
three hundred ninety-seven-a of the vehicle  and  traffic  law  and  the
traffic  infraction  defined  under  subdivision  (g)  of section eleven
hundred  eighty  of  the vehicle and traffic law; (e) any misdemeanor or
felony; or (f) any offense that is part  of  the  same  criminal  trans-
action,  as  that term is defined in subdivision two of section 40.10 of
the criminal procedure law, as a violation of subdivision one of section
eleven hundred ninety-two of the vehicle and traffic law, a violation of
subdivision five of section eleven hundred ninety-two of the vehicle and
traffic law, a violation of paragraph (b) of subdivision four of section
fourteen-f of the transportation law,  a  violation  of  clause  (b)  of
subparagraph  (iii)  of  paragraph  c  of subdivision two of section one
hundred forty of the transportation law, a violation  of  section  three
hundred  ninety-seven-a  of  the vehicle and traffic law, a violation of
subdivision (g) of section eleven hundred  eighty  of  the  vehicle  and
traffic law or any misdemeanor or felony.
  §  14-a. Subdivision 2 of section 371 of the general municipal law, as
amended by chapter 388 of the laws  of  2012,  is  amended  to  read  as
follows:
  2.  The Nassau county traffic and parking violations agency, as estab-
lished, may be authorized to assist the Nassau  county  district  court,
and  the Suffolk county traffic and parking violations agency, as estab-
lished, may be authorized to assist the Suffolk county  district  court,
in  the  disposition  and  administration  of infractions of traffic and
parking laws, ordinances, rules and regulations  and  the  liability  of
owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
en  of  the  vehicle  and  traffic law in accordance with section eleven
hundred eleven-b of such law AND THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR  VIOLATIONS
OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW IN
ACCORDANCE  WITH  SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF SUCH LAW,
except that such agencies shall not have jurisdiction over (a) the traf-
fic infraction defined under subdivision one of section  eleven  hundred
ninety-two  of  the  vehicle and traffic law; (b) the traffic infraction
defined under subdivision five of section eleven hundred  ninety-two  of
the  vehicle  and traffic law; (c) the violation defined under paragraph
(b) of subdivision four of section fourteen-f of the transportation  law
and  the  violation  defined  under  clause (b) of subparagraph (iii) of
paragraph c of subdivision two of  section  one  hundred  forty  of  the
transportation  law;  (d)  the  traffic infraction defined under section
three hundred ninety-seven-a of the vehicle  and  traffic  law  and  the
traffic  infraction  defined  under  subdivision  (g)  of section eleven
hundred eighty of the vehicle and traffic law; (e)  any  misdemeanor  or
felony;  or  (f)  any  offense  that is part of the same criminal trans-
action, as that term is defined in subdivision two of section  40.10  of
the criminal procedure law, as a violation of subdivision one of section
eleven hundred ninety-two of the vehicle and traffic law, a violation of
subdivision five of section eleven hundred ninety-two of the vehicle and
traffic law, a violation of paragraph (b) of subdivision four of section
fourteen-f  of  the  transportation  law,  a  violation of clause (b) of
subparagraph (iii) of paragraph c of  subdivision  two  of  section  one
hundred  forty  of  the transportation law, a violation of section three
hundred ninety-seven-a of the vehicle and traffic law,  a  violation  of
subdivision  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred eighty of the vehicle and
traffic law or any misdemeanor or felony.
  § 15. Subdivision 2 of section  87  of  the  public  officers  law  is
amended by adding a new paragraph (q) to read as follows:

S. 4524--B                         51

  (Q)  ARE  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
IMAGES PREPARED UNDER AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A
OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
  §  16.  The purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program
established pursuant to section 1174-a of the vehicle  and  traffic  law
shall be subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general munici-
pal law.
  §  17.  Section  1604  of the education law is amended by adding a new
subdivision 43 to read as follows:
  43. TO PASS A RESOLUTION, IN THE  DISCRETION  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  SUCH
DISTRICT,  AUTHORIZING THE ENTERING OF AN AGREEMENT WITH A COUNTY, CITY,
VILLAGE OR TOWN WITHIN SUCH DISTRICT, FOR THE INSTALLATION  AND  USE  OF
SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE
PURCHASE,  LEASE,  INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, OR ANY OTHER
COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH SUCH CAMERAS SHALL NOT BE  CONSIDERED  AN  AIDABLE
EXPENSE  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION THIRTY-SIX HUNDRED TWENTY-THREE-A OF THIS
CHAPTER.
  § 18. Section 1709 of the education law is amended  by  adding  a  new
subdivision 43 to read as follows:
  43.  TO  PASS  A  RESOLUTION,  IN  THE DISCRETION OF THE BOARD OF SUCH
DISTRICT, AUTHORIZING THE ENTERING OF AN AGREEMENT WITH A COUNTY,  CITY,
VILLAGE  OR  TOWN  WITHIN SUCH DISTRICT, FOR THE INSTALLATION AND USE OF
SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN
HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE
PURCHASE, LEASE, INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, OR  ANY  OTHER
COSTS  ASSOCIATED  WITH  SUCH CAMERAS SHALL NOT BE CONSIDERED AN AIDABLE
EXPENSE PURSUANT TO SECTION THIRTY-SIX HUNDRED  TWENTY-THREE-A  OF  THIS
CHAPTER.
  §  19.  Section  2503  of the education law is amended by adding a new
subdivision 21 to read as follows:
  21. TO PASS A RESOLUTION, IN THE  DISCRETION  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  SUCH
DISTRICT,  AUTHORIZING THE ENTERING OF AN AGREEMENT WITH THE CITY WITHIN
SUCH DISTRICT,  FOR  THE  INSTALLATION  AND  USE  OF  SCHOOL  BUS  PHOTO
VIOLATION  MONITORING  SYSTEMS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED  THAT  THE  PURCHASE,
LEASE, INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, OR ANY OTHER COSTS ASSO-
CIATED  WITH  SUCH  CAMERAS  SHALL  NOT BE CONSIDERED AN AIDABLE EXPENSE
PURSUANT TO SECTION THIRTY-SIX HUNDRED TWENTY-THREE-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
  § 20. Section 2554 of the education law is amended  by  adding  a  new
subdivision 28 to read as follows:
  28.  TO  PASS  A  RESOLUTION,  IN  THE DISCRETION OF THE BOARD OF SUCH
DISTRICT, AUTHORIZING THE ENTERING OF AN AGREEMENT WITH THE CITY  WITHIN
SUCH  DISTRICT,  FOR  THE  INSTALLATION  AND  USE  OF  SCHOOL  BUS PHOTO
VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  SEVEN-
TY-FOUR-A  OF  THE  VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE PURCHASE,
LEASE, INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, OR ANY OTHER COSTS ASSO-
CIATED WITH SUCH CAMERAS SHALL NOT  BE  CONSIDERED  AN  AIDABLE  EXPENSE
PURSUANT TO SECTION THIRTY-SIX HUNDRED TWENTY-THREE-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
  §  21.  Section 2590-h of the education law is amended by adding a new
subdivision 39 to read as follows:
  39. TO ENTER AN AGREEMENT, IN HIS OR HER DISCRETION, WITH THE CITY  OF
NEW  YORK  FOR  THE  INSTALLATION  AND USE OF SCHOOL BUS PHOTO VIOLATION
MONITORING SYSTEMS PURSUANT TO SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FOUR-A  OF
THE  VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE PURCHASE, LEASE, INSTAL-
LATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, OR ANY OTHER  COSTS  ASSOCIATED  WITH

S. 4524--B                         52

SUCH  CAMERAS  SHALL  NOT  BE  CONSIDERED AN AIDABLE EXPENSE PURSUANT TO
SECTION THIRTY-SIX HUNDRED TWENTY-THREE-A OF THIS CHAPTER.
  § 22. Operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems with-
in  a  school  district in accordance with section 1174-a of the vehicle
and traffic law. 1. The governing body of any county and  the  municipal
officers  and  boards  in the several cities, towns and villages located
within a school district which have adopted  local  laws  or  ordinances
pursuant to section 1174-a of the vehicle and traffic law establishing a
demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with  section  1174
of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law when meeting a school bus marked and
equipped as provided in subdivisions 20 and 21-c of section 375  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law  and  operated  in such county, city, town or
village, are each hereby authorized to enter into an agreement with  the
applicable  school  district  ("district") for the installation, mainte-
nance and use of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, for  the
proper  handling  and  custody  of  photographs, microphotographs, vide-
otapes, other recorded images and data produced by such systems, and for
the forwarding of such photographs, microphotographs, videotapes,  other
recorded  images  and  data  to  the  applicable  county,  city, town or
village, subject to the provisions of this section and section 1174-a of
the vehicle and traffic law.  Provided, however, that where  a  district
has entered an agreement as provided hereunder with a county, no cities,
towns  or  villages within the same county may enter into, or be a party
to, any agreement with such district pursuant to this section.  Provided
further,  however, that no county shall enter an agreement with any city
school district wholly contained within a city.
  2. No agreement with the applicable school district shall take  effect
until  a  county, city, town or village located within such district has
adopted a local law or ordinance as authorized  by  subdivision  (a)  of
section  1174-a  of  the  vehicle and traffic law.   Except as otherwise
provided herein, subsequent counties, cities, towns and villages  within
such  district  may  enter into the agreement with the district provided
that they have adopted a local law or ordinance as authorized by  subdi-
vision (a) of section 1174-a of the vehicle and traffic law.
  3.  Nothing  in  this  section  or act shall be construed to prevent a
county, city, town, village or district at any time to withdraw from  or
terminate  an  agreement  for  the  installation, maintenance and use of
school bus photo violation monitoring systems within such county,  city,
town  or village. Provided, however, that a county, city, town, village,
or district shall provide no less than  twenty  days'  notice  to  other
signatories of such agreements before withdrawing.
  4. For purposes of this section, the term "county" shall have the same
meaning  as  such  term is defined in section 3 of the county law except
that such term shall not include any county wholly  contained  within  a
city,  and the term "school bus photo violation monitoring system" shall
have the same meaning as such term is  defined  by  subdivision  (c)  of
section 1174-a of the vehicle and traffic law.
  § 23. For the purpose of informing and educating owners of motor vehi-
cles in this state, any county not wholly contained within a city, city,
town or village authorized to issue notices of liability pursuant to the
provisions  of this act may, during the first thirty-day period in which
school bus photo violation monitoring systems are in operation  pursuant
to the provisions of this act within such county, city, town or village,
issue  a  written warning in lieu of a notice of liability to all owners
of motor vehicles who would be held  liable  for  failure  of  operators

S. 4524--B                         53

thereof  to comply with section 1174 of the vehicle and traffic law when
meeting a school bus marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions  20
and 21-c of section 375 of such law.
  §  24.  A  county, city, town, or village which adopts a demonstration
program pursuant to subdivision (a) of section 1174-a of the vehicle and
traffic law shall annually provide a copy of the annual report that such
county, city, town, or village submits pursuant to  subdivision  (m)  of
such  section,  to each local law enforcement agency having jurisdiction
to enforce violations of the vehicle and traffic law or  any  ordinance,
rule  or  regulation relating to traffic adopted pursuant to such law on
roadways within such county, city, town, or village.
  § 25. This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after  it  shall
have  become a law and shall expire December 1, 2024 when upon such date
the provisions of this act shall be deemed repealed; provided  that  any
such  local  law  as may be enacted pursuant to this act shall remain in
full force and effect only until December 1, 2024 and provided, further,
that:
  (a) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle  and
traffic law made by section one of this act shall not affect the expira-
tion  of  such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon such date the provisions of section one-a of this  act  shall  take
effect;
  (b)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-a of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-b of this act shall take effect;
  (c)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-b of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-c of this act shall take effect;
  (d)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-c of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-d of this act shall take effect;
  (e)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-d of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-e of this act shall take effect;
  (f)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-e of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-f of this act shall take effect;
  (g)  the amendments to section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law made
by section one-f of this act shall not affect  the  expiration  of  such
section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such date the
provisions of section one-g of this act shall take effect;
  (h)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section two of this act shall not affect the expira-
tion of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,  when
upon  such  date  the provisions of section two-a of this act shall take
effect;
  (i) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle  and
traffic law made by section two-a of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon  such  date  the provisions of section two-b of this act shall take
effect;

S. 4524--B                         54

  (j) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle  and
traffic law made by section two-b of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon  such  date  the provisions of section two-c of this act shall take
effect;
  (k)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section two-c of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon such date the provisions of section two-d of this  act  shall  take
effect;
  (l)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section two-d of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon such date the provisions of section two-e of this  act  shall  take
effect;
  (m)  the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and
traffic law made by section two-e of this act shall not affect the expi-
ration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when
upon such date the provisions of section two-f of this  act  shall  take
effect;
  (n)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four of this act  shall  not
affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-a of  this
act shall take effect;
  (o)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-a of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section four-b of this
act shall take effect;
  (p) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section  239  of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-b of this act shall not
affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-c of  this
act shall take effect;
  (q)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-c of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section four-d of this
act shall take effect;
  (r) the amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section  239  of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-d of this act shall not
affect  the  expiration  of such paragraph and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section four-e of  this
act shall take effect;
  (s)  the  amendments to paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of
the vehicle and traffic law made by section four-e of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be  deemed  to  expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section four-f of this
act shall take effect;
  (t) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of  section  240  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law  made  by  section five of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-a of  this
act shall take effect;

S. 4524--B                         55

  (u)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section five-a of  this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-b of this
act shall take effect;
  (v)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section five-b of  this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-c of this
act shall take effect;
  (w) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of  section  240  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-c of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-d of  this
act shall take effect;
  (x)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions 1 and 1-a of section 240 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section five-d of  this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith,  when upon such date the provisions of section five-e of this
act shall take effect;
  (y) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 1-a of  section  240  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law  made by section five-e of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section five-f of  this
act shall take effect;
  (z)  the  amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section six of this act shall
not affect the expiration of such paragraphs  and  shall  be  deemed  to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-a of
this act shall take effect;
  (aa)  the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  six-a  of  this  act
shall  not  affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed
to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-b
of this act shall take effect;
  (bb) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of  section
240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-b of this act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-c
of this act shall take effect;
  (cc)  the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  six-c  of  this  act
shall  not  affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed
to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-d
of this act shall take effect;
  (dd) the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of  section
240  of  the  vehicle  and traffic law made by section six-d of this act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall  be  deemed
to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-e
of this act shall take effect;
  (ee)  the amendments to paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section
240 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  six-e  of  this  act
shall  not  affect the expiration of such paragraphs and shall be deemed
to expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section six-f
of this act shall take effect;

S. 4524--B                         56

  (ff) the amendments to subdivisions 1 and 2  of  section  241  of  the
vehicle  and  traffic  law  made  by section seven of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-a of this
act shall take effect;
  (gg)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-a of this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-b of this
act shall take effect;
  (hh)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-b of this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-c of this
act shall take effect;
  (ii)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-c of this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-d of this
act shall take effect;
  (jj)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-d of this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-e of this
act shall take effect;
  (kk)  the  amendments  to  subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the
vehicle and traffic law made by section seven-e of this  act  shall  not
affect the expiration of such subdivisions and shall be deemed to expire
therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section seven-f of this
act shall take effect;
  (ll)  the amendments to subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision
5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law made by section  eight
of  this act shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall
be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such  date  the  provisions  of
section eight-a of this act shall take effect;
  (mm)  the  amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eight-a of this act shall
not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
expire  therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eight-b
of this act shall take effect;
  (nn) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of  section  401
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eight-b of this act shall
not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  eight-c
of this act shall take effect;
  (oo)  the  amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eight-c of this act shall
not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
expire  therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eight-d
of this act shall take effect;
  (pp) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of  section  401
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eight-d of this act shall
not  affect  the  expiration  of  such  paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section  eight-e
of this act shall take effect;

S. 4524--B                         57

  (qq)  the  amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eight-e of this act shall
not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
expire  therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eight-f
of this act shall take effect;
  (rr)  the  amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
of the vehicle and traffic law made by section eight-f of this act shall
not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
expire  therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eight-g
of this act shall take effect;
  (ss) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809  of  the  vehicle
and  traffic  law  made  by section ten of this act shall not affect the
expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
when  upon  such  date the provisions of section ten-a of this act shall
take effect;
  (tt) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809  of  the  vehicle
and  traffic  law made by section ten-a of this act shall not affect the
expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
when  upon  such  date the provisions of section ten-b of this act shall
take effect;
  (uu) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809  of  the  vehicle
and  traffic  law made by section ten-b of this act shall not affect the
expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
when  upon  such  date the provisions of section ten-c of this act shall
take effect;
  (vv) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809  of  the  vehicle
and  traffic  law made by section ten-c of this act shall not affect the
expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
when  upon  such  date the provisions of section ten-d of this act shall
take effect;
  (ww) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809  of  the  vehicle
and  traffic  law made by section ten-d of this act shall not affect the
expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
when  upon  such  date the provisions of section ten-e of this act shall
take effect;
  (xx) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809  of  the  vehicle
and  traffic  law made by section ten-e of this act shall not affect the
expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
when  upon  such  date the provisions of section ten-f of this act shall
take effect;
  (yy) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809  of  the  vehicle
and  traffic  law made by section ten-f of this act shall not affect the
expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to expire  therewith,
when  upon  such  date the provisions of section ten-g of this act shall
take effect;
  (zz) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section  1809-e
of  the vehicle and traffic law made by section eleven of this act shall
not affect the expiration of such  paragraph  and  shall  be  deemed  to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-a
of this act shall take effect;
  (aaa) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section eleven-a of this act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-b
of this act shall take effect;

S. 4524--B                         58

  (bbb) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
of the vehicle and traffic law made by  section  eleven-b  of  this  act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-c
of this act shall take effect;
  (ccc) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section eleven-c of this act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-d
of this act shall take effect;
  (ddd) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
of the vehicle and traffic law made by  section  eleven-d  of  this  act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-e
of this act shall take effect;
  (eee) the amendments to paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e
of  the  vehicle  and  traffic  law made by section eleven-e of this act
shall not affect the expiration of such paragraph and shall be deemed to
expire therewith, when upon such date the provisions of section eleven-f
of this act shall take effect;
  (fff) the amendments made to subdivision  1  of  section  371  of  the
general  municipal  law  made  by section thirteen of this act shall not
affect the expiration of such subdivision and shall be deemed to  expire
therewith,  when  upon such date the provisions of section thirteen-a of
this act shall take effect;
  (ggg) the amendments made to section 371 of the general municipal  law
made  by  section thirteen-a of this act shall not affect the expiration
of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon  such
date the provisions of section thirteen-b of this act shall take effect;
  (hhh)  the amendments made to section 371 of the general municipal law
made by section thirteen-b of this act shall not affect  the  expiration
of  such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
date the provisions of section thirteen-c of this act shall take effect;
  (iii) the amendments made to section 371 of the general municipal  law
made  by  section thirteen-c of this act shall not affect the expiration
of such section and shall be deemed to expire therewith, when upon  such
date the provisions of section thirteen-d of this act shall take effect;
  (jjj)  the amendments made to section 371 of the general municipal law
made by section fourteen of this act shall not affect the expiration  of
such  section  and  shall  be deemed to expire therewith, when upon such
date the provisions of section fourteen-a of this act shall take effect;
and
  (kkk) the amendments made to section 2590-h of the education law  made
by  section  twenty-one  of this act shall not affect the expiration and
reversion of such section and shall expire therewith.

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The New York State Senate

senate Bill S4524B

Sponsored By

Archive: Last Bill Status Via A4950 - Signed by Governor

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May 15, 2019 - floor Vote

Floor Vote: May 15, 2019

Apr 9, 2019 - Transportation committee Vote

Committee Vote: Apr 9, 2019

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S4524 - Details

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senate Bill S4524B

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Sponsored By

Archive: Last Bill Status Via A4950 - Signed by Governor

Your Voice

Actions

Votes

May 15, 2019 - floor Vote

Floor Vote: May 15, 2019

Apr 9, 2019 - Transportation committee Vote

Committee Vote: Apr 9, 2019

Bill Amendments

Co-Sponsors

S4524 - Details

S4524 - Summary

S4524 - Sponsor Memo

S4524 - Bill Text download pdf

Co-Sponsors

S4524A - Details

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S4524B (ACTIVE) - Details

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