S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  3587--A
 
                        2021-2022 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                             January 30, 2021
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sens. COMRIE, REICHLIN-MELNICK -- read twice and ordered
   printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee  on  Trans-
   portation  -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as
   amended and recommitted to said committee
 
 AN ACT to amend the public authorities law, in relation to enacting  the
   "toll  payer  protection act"; and providing for the repeal of certain
   provisions upon expiration thereof
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. This act shall be known and may be cited as the "toll payer
 protection act".
   § 2. Section 2985 of the public authorities law is designated to title
 11-A of article 9 of such law.
   §  3.  Article  9 of the public authorities law is amended by adding a
 new title 11-A to read as follows:
                                 TITLE 11-A
                             TOLL COLLECTIONS
   SECTION 2985. OWNER LIABILITY FOR FAILURE OF OPERATOR TO  COMPLY  WITH
 TOLL COLLECTION REGULATIONS.
   2985-A. TOLLS BY MAIL.
   § 2985-A. TOLLS BY MAIL. 1. APPLICABILITY. THIS SECTION SHALL APPLY TO
 THE TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM AND SHALL NOT APPLY TO THE PAYMENT OF TOLLS BY
 MEANS OF AN ELECTRONIC TOLL DEVICE THAT TRANSMITS INFORMATION THROUGH AN
 ELECTRONIC  TOLL  COLLECTION  SYSTEM AS DEFINED IN SUBDIVISION TWELVE OF
 SECTION TWENTY-NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-FIVE OF THIS TITLE.
   2. DEFINITIONS. FOR PURPOSES OF  THIS  SECTION,  THE  FOLLOWING  TERMS
 SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   (A)  "CASHLESS  TOLLING FACILITY" SHALL MEAN A TOLL HIGHWAY, BRIDGE OR
 TUNNEL FACILITY THAT DOES NOT PROVIDE FOR THE IMMEDIATE ON-SITE  PAYMENT
 IN CASH OF A TOLL OWED FOR THE USE OF SUCH FACILITY. 
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD02113-03-1
              

 S. 3587--A                          2
 
   (B)  "CASHLESS  TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A VEHICLE SENSOR
 WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES A RECORDED IMAGE OF A VEHICLE  AND  LICENSE
 PLATE  AT THE TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY
 AND WHOSE OWNER HAS INCURRED AN OBLIGATION TO PAY  A  TOLL  THROUGH  THE
 CASHLESS TOLLING PROGRAM.
   (C)  "DEBT COLLECTION AGENCY" SHALL MEAN A PERSON, FIRM OR CORPORATION
 ENGAGED IN BUSINESS, THE PRINCIPAL PURPOSE  OF  WHICH  IS  TO  REGULARLY
 COLLECT  OR  ATTEMPT TO COLLECT DEBTS OWED OR DUE OR ASSERTED TO BE OWED
 OR DUE TO ANOTHER AND SHALL ALSO INCLUDE A BUYER OF DELINQUENT DEBT  WHO
 SEEKS  TO  COLLECT  SUCH DEBT EITHER DIRECTLY OR THROUGH THE SERVICES OF
 ANOTHER BY, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED  TO,  INITIATING  OR  USING  LEGAL
 PROCESSES OR OTHER MEANS TO COLLECT OR ATTEMPT TO COLLECT SUCH DEBT.
   (D)  "ELECTRONIC  MEANS  OF  COMMUNICATION"  SHALL  INCLUDE BUT NOT BE
 LIMITED TO ELECTRONIC MAIL AND TEXT MESSAGING.
   (E) "ELECTRONIC  TOLL  COLLECTION  SYSTEM"  SHALL  MEAN  A  SYSTEM  OF
 COLLECTING  TOLLS  OR  CHARGES  WHICH  IS CAPABLE OF CHARGING AN ACCOUNT
 HOLDER THE APPROPRIATE TOLL OR CHARGE  BY  TRANSMISSION  OF  INFORMATION
 FROM  AN OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE ON A MOTOR VEHICLE TO THE TOLL LANE,
 WHICH INFORMATION IS USED TO CHARGE THE ACCOUNT THE APPROPRIATE TOLL  OR
 CHARGE.
   (F)  "LESSEE"  SHALL  MEAN ANY PERSON, CORPORATION, FIRM, PARTNERSHIP,
 AGENCY, ASSOCIATION, OR ORGANIZATION THAT RENTS, LEASES OR CONTRACTS FOR
 THE USE OF ONE OR MORE VEHICLES AND HAS EXCLUSIVE USE  THEREOF  FOR  ANY
 PERIOD OF TIME.
   (G)  "LESSOR"  SHALL  MEAN ANY PERSON, CORPORATION, FIRM, PARTNERSHIP,
 AGENCY, ASSOCIATION, OR ORGANIZATION ENGAGED IN THE BUSINESS OF  RENTING
 OR  LEASING  VEHICLES  TO  ANY LESSEE UNDER A RENTAL AGREEMENT, LEASE OR
 OTHERWISE WHEREIN SUCH LESSEE HAS THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF SUCH VEHICLE  FOR
 ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
   (H) "NOTICE OF VIOLATION" SHALL MEAN A NOTICE SENT TO AN OWNER NOTIFY-
 ING  SUCH  OWNER  THAT A TOLL INCURRED AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY BY
 THE OWNER HAS NOT BEEN PAID AT THE PLACE AND  TIME  AND  IN  THE  MANNER
 ESTABLISHED FOR COLLECTION OF SUCH TOLL IN THE TOLL BILL.
   (I)  "OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE" SHALL MEAN AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT
 SUCCESSFULLY TRANSMITS INFORMATION THROUGH AN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION
 SYSTEM.
   (J) "OWNER" SHALL MEAN ANY  PERSON,  CORPORATION,  PARTNERSHIP,  FIRM,
 AGENCY,  ASSOCIATION,  LESSOR OR ORGANIZATION WHO, AT THE TIME OF INCUR-
 RING AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL AT A  CASHLESS  TOLLING  FACILITY,  AND
 WITH RESPECT TO THE VEHICLE IDENTIFIED IN THE NOTICE OF TOLL DUE: (I) IS
 THE  BENEFICIAL OR EQUITABLE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE; OR (II) HAS TITLE TO
 SUCH VEHICLE; OR (III) IS THE REGISTRANT OR CO-REGISTRANT OF SUCH  VEHI-
 CLE  WHICH  IS  REGISTERED WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS
 STATE OR ANY OTHER STATE, TERRITORY, DISTRICT, PROVINCE, NATION OR OTHER
 JURISDICTION; OR (IV) IS SUBJECT TO THE LIMITATIONS SET FORTH IN  SUBDI-
 VISION  TEN  OF  SECTION  TWENTY-NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-FIVE OF THIS TITLE,
 USES SUCH VEHICLE IN ITS VEHICLE RENTING AND/OR LEASING BUSINESS; OR (V)
 IS A PERSON ENTITLED TO THE USE AND POSSESSION OF A VEHICLE SUBJECT TO A
 SECURITY INTEREST IN ANOTHER PERSON.
   (K) "PENALTY" SHALL MEAN ANY LATE PAYMENT FEES, CHARGES,  OR  MONETARY
 PENALTIES  IMPOSED BY A PUBLIC AUTHORITY, EXCLUSIVE OF ANY TOLL OR TOLLS
 INCURRED AT THE CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, FOR FAILURE TO TIMELY PAY  AN
 OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL.
   (L)  "TOLL  BILL"  SHALL MEAN A NOTICE SENT TO AN OWNER NOTIFYING SUCH
 OWNER THAT THE OWNER'S VEHICLE HAS BEEN USED OR OPERATED AT  A  CASHLESS
 TOLLING  FACILITY,  CROSSED A CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM WITHOUT

 S. 3587--A                          3
 
 AN OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND HAS INCURRED AN OBLIGATION  TO  PAY  A
 TOLL.
   (M)  "TOLLS  BY MAIL PROGRAM" SHALL MEAN ANY PROGRAM OPERATED BY OR ON
 BEHALF OF A PUBLIC AUTHORITY TO IDENTIFY VEHICLES THAT CROSS  THROUGH  A
 CASHLESS  TOLLING  FACILITY WITHOUT AN OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND TO
 SEND A TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION TO THE OWNER OF THE VEHICLE.
   (N) "VIOLATION" SHALL MEAN THE FAILURE OF THE OWNER TO TIMELY  RESPOND
 TO A TOLL BILL.
   3.  AUTHORIZATION  FOR CASHLESS TOLLING. (A) NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER
 PROVISION OF LAW, EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A  TOLL  HIGHWAY,
 BRIDGE  AND/OR  TUNNEL  FACILITY  AND  IS AUTHORIZED PURSUANT TO SECTION
 TWENTY-NINE  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-FIVE  OF  THIS  TITLE  TO  PROMULGATE  TOLL
 COLLECTION  REGULATIONS  AND TO IMPOSE MONETARY LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TO
 COMPLY WITH SUCH REGULATIONS IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED AND EMPOWERED TO OPER-
 ATE A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM FOR UTILIZATION OF CASHLESS TOLLING  FACILI-
 TIES,  CASHLESS  TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEMS, AND A TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM
 AND TO IMPOSE MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE  FOR  FAILURE
 TO  COMPLY WITH THE TOLL COLLECTION REGULATIONS OF SUCH PUBLIC AUTHORITY
 SO LONG AS EACH PUBLIC AUTHORITY COMPLIES WITH THE  PROVISIONS  OF  THIS
 SECTION. SUCH PUBLIC AUTHORITY SHALL PROMULGATE REGULATIONS ESTABLISHING
 A  DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM FOR THE UTILIZATION OF CASHLESS TOLLING FACILI-
 TIES, CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEMS, AND A TOLLS BY  MAIL  PROGRAM
 THAT  COMPLY  WITH  THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION. SUCH REGULATIONS MAY
 IMPOSE MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER  OF  A  VEHICLE  FOR  FAILURE  TO
 COMPLY  WITH SUCH REGULATIONS. NO PUBLIC AUTHORITY SHALL OWN, OPERATE OR
 OTHERWISE FACILITATE A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, CASHLESS TOLLING MONI-
 TORING SYSTEM, OR TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM WITHOUT FIRST PROMULGATING REGU-
 LATIONS PURSUANT TO AND IN COMPLIANCE WITH THIS SECTION.
   (B) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES TO
 ENSURE, TO THE EXTENT PRACTICABLE, THAT RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH
 CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT  IDEN-
 TIFY  THE DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF A VEHICLE. HOWEVER,
 NO TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION
 SHALL  BE  INVALID  SOLELY BECAUSE A RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDEN-
 TIFICATION OF THE CONTENTS OF  A  VEHICLE,  PROVIDED  THAT  SUCH  PUBLIC
 AUTHORITY  HAS MADE A REASONABLE EFFORT TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
 THIS PARAGRAPH.
   (C) EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A CASHLESS  TOLLING  FACILITY
 SHALL  UNDERTAKE  A  PUBLIC  AWARENESS CAMPAIGN REGARDING THE USE OF AND
 PROCESS INVOLVED WITH THE PAYMENT OF TOLLS AT CASHLESS  TOLLING  FACILI-
 TIES.  EACH PUBLIC AUTHORITY SHALL PROVIDE SUFFICIENT METHODS FOR OWNERS
 TO  OBTAIN  AN  OPERABLE  ELECTRONIC  DEVICE  FOR  THE  ELECTRONIC  TOLL
 COLLECTION SYSTEM, INCLUDING MAKING SUCH DEVICES AVAILABLE AT  ALL  REST
 AREAS OWNED OR OPERATED BY EACH AUTHORITY.
   (D)  EVERY  PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY
 SHALL MAINTAIN A WEBSITE AND TOLL-FREE PHONE NUMBER FOR  ANY  PERSON  TO
 OBTAIN  CURRENT INFORMATION ON ANY OUTSTANDING TOLLS AND SHALL IMPLEMENT
 A SYSTEM TO NOTIFY THOSE OWNERS WHO SO REQUEST BY  ELECTRONIC  MEANS  OF
 COMMUNICATION  ABOUT  TOLLS AS THEY ARE INCURRED. SUCH WEBSITE AND PHONE
 NUMBER SHALL BE PRINTED ON ANY TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION.
   4. OWNER LIABILITY.  (A)  WITHIN  THE  JURISDICTION  OF  EVERY  PUBLIC
 AUTHORITY  WHICH  HAS  PROMULGATED  REGULATIONS  PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION
 THREE OF THIS SECTION:  (I) THE OWNER SHALL INCUR AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A
 TOLL WHEN THE OWNER'S VEHICLE CROSSES THROUGH A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILI-
 TY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED  OR  OPERATED  WITH
 THE  PERMISSION OF THE OWNER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND SUCH OBLIGATION IS

 S. 3587--A                          4

 EVIDENCED BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM THE CASHLESS  TOLLING  MONITORING
 SYSTEM;  OR (II) THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL INCUR AN OBLIGATION TO PAY
 A TOLL WHEN SUCH VEHICLE CROSSES A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY WITHOUT  AN
 OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND IS IDENTIFIED BY A CASHLESS TOLLING MONI-
 TORING SYSTEM.
   (B) THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A CIVIL PENALTY IMPOSED
 PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION IF SUCH OWNER INCURRED AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A
 TOLL AND FAILS TO TIMELY PAY OR RESPOND TO SUCH TOLL IN THE  MANNER  SET
 FORTH  IN  THE  TOLL  BILL  IN ACCORDANCE WITH THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE
 LIABLE FOR PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PENALTIES SET FORTH  HEREIN.
 PROVIDED,  HOWEVER,  NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY
 IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE  HAS
 BEEN  CONVICTED  OF  A  VIOLATION OF TOLL COLLECTION REGULATIONS FOR THE
 SAME INCIDENT.
   5. TOLL BILLS AND NOTICES OF VIOLATION.  (A)  TOLL  BILL.  THE  PUBLIC
 AUTHORITY  SHALL  WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF AN OWNER INCURRING AN OBLIGATION
 TO PAY A TOLL SEND A TOLL BILL BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL TO  SUCH  OWNER.  (I)
 WITHIN  THIRTY  DAYS OF THE MAILING OF THE TOLL BILL THE OWNER SHALL (A)
 PAY THE TOLL, WITHOUT LIABILITY FOR ANY PENALTY,  OR  (B)  CONTEST  SUCH
 TOLL  BILL.  (II)  THE  TOLL  BILL  SHALL  INCLUDE:  (A) THE DATE, TIME,
 LOCATION, LICENSE PLATE NUMBER AND VEHICLE REGISTRATION FOR  EACH  TOLL;
 (B)  THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT  OF THE TOLL DUE; (C) THE DATE BY WHICH THE TOLL
 MUST BE PAID; (D) THE ADDRESS FOR RECEIPT  OF  PAYMENT  AND  METHODS  OF
 PAYMENT  FOR  SUCH TOLL BILL; (E) THE PROCEDURE FOR CONTESTING ANY TOLL;
 (F) INFORMATION RELATED TO THE FAILURE TO TIMELY PAY  OR  RESPOND  TO  A
 TOLL  BILL;  AND  (G)  ANY  OTHER  INFORMATION REQUIRED BY LAW OR BY THE
 AUTHORITY. IF AN AUTHORITY FAILS TO SEND A TOLL BILL  AS  SET  FORTH  IN
 THIS SECTION, THE OWNER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR PAYMENT OF THE TOLLS, OR
 ANY PENALTY.
   (B)  SECOND  TOLL  BILL.  IF  AN OWNER FAILS TO RESPOND TO A TOLL BILL
 WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THE MAILING OF SUCH TOLL BILL, THE PUBLIC AUTHORI-
 TY SHALL SEND A SECOND TOLL BILL BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL WITHIN THIRTY  DAYS
 OF  THE  DATE  THE OWNER WAS REQUIRED TO RESPOND TO SUCH TOLL BILL. SUCH
 SECOND TOLL BILL MAY INCLUDE A PENALTY FOR LATE PAYMENT, WHICH SHALL NOT
 EXCEED FIVE DOLLARS AND SHALL INCLUDE ALL OF  THE  INFORMATION  REQUIRED
 FOR  A  TOLL BILL PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION.  WITHIN
 THIRTY DAYS OF THE MAILING OF THE SECOND TOLL BILL THE OWNER  SHALL  (I)
 PAY  THE  ASSESSED TOLL AND ANY PENALTY PROVIDED IN SUCH NOTICE, OR (II)
 CONTEST TOLL BILL.
   (C) NOTICE OF VIOLATION. IF AN OWNER FAILS TO RESPOND TO A SECOND TOLL
 BILL WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THE MAILING OF SUCH  SECOND  TOLL  BILL,  THE
 PUBLIC  AUTHORITY  SHALL  SEND BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL A NOTICE OF VIOLATION
 WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THE DATE THE OWNER WAS REQUIRED TO RESPOND TO SUCH
 SECOND TOLL BILL. (I) THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION  SHALL  INCLUDE:  (A)  THE
 DATE,  TIME, LOCATION, LICENSE PLATE NUMBER AND VEHICLE REGISTRATION FOR
 EACH TOLL; (B) THE ASSESSED TOLL AND THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ALL OUTSTANDING
 TOLLS AND PENALTIES AS AUTHORIZED BY THIS SECTION; (C) THE DATE BY WHICH
 PAYMENT OF SUCH AMOUNTS ARE DUE; (D) THE ADDRESS FOR RECEIPT OF  PAYMENT
 AND  METHODS  OF  PAYMENT  FOR  THE  AMOUNTS  DUE; (E) THE PROCEDURE FOR
 CONTESTING ANY SUCH AMOUNTS; (F) INFORMATION RELATED TO THE  FAILURE  TO
 TIMELY PAY OR RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF VIOLATION; AND (G) ANY OTHER INFOR-
 MATION  REQUIRED BY LAW OR BY THE AUTHORITY. THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION MAY
 INCLUDE A PENALTY WHICH SHALL BE NO GREATER THAN TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS. IF
 THE AUTHORITY FAILS TO SEND A TIMELY NOTICE OF VIOLATION AS SET FORTH IN
 THIS SECTION, THE OWNER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR PAYMENT OF  THE  ALLEGED
 TOLLS  OR  ANY  PENALTY.  (II) THE OWNER SHALL HAVE THIRTY DAYS FROM THE

 S. 3587--A                          5
 
 DATE SUCH NOTICE OF VIOLATION WAS SENT TO (A) PAY THE ASSESSED TOLL  AND
 PENALTIES,  OR  (B)  CONTEST THE NOTICE. IF AN OWNER FAILS TO RESPOND TO
 THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION, THE OWNER SHALL BE LIABLE FOR THE ASSESSED TOLL
 AND ANY PENALTY AS PROVIDED IN SUCH NOTICE.
   (D)  ELECTRONIC  NOTICE.  ANY TOLL BILL REQUIRED BY THIS SECTION TO BE
 SENT BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL MAY INSTEAD BE  SENT  BY  ELECTRONIC  MEANS  OF
 COMMUNICATION  UPON  THE  AFFIRMATIVE  CONSENT  OF  THE  OWNER IN A FORM
 PRESCRIBED BY THE AUTHORITY. ANY NOTICE OF VIOLATION  REQUIRED  BY  THIS
 SECTION  TO  BE  SENT BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL MAY IN ADDITION TO FIRST-CLASS
 MAIL BE SENT BY ELECTRONIC MEANS OF COMMUNICATION UPON  THE  AFFIRMATIVE
 CONSENT  OF THE OWNER IN A FORM PRESCRIBED BY THE AUTHORITY. A MANUAL OR
 AUTOMATIC RECORD OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS PREPARED IN  THE  ORDINARY
 COURSE  OF BUSINESS SHALL BE SUFFICIENT RECORD OF ELECTRONIC NOTICE. ANY
 AFFIRMATIVE CONSENT TO RECEIVE A TOLL BILL OR  NOTICE  OF  VIOLATION  BY
 ELECTRONIC MEANS SHALL BE REVOCABLE BY THE OWNER AT ANY TIME WITH NOTICE
 TO  THE  PUBLIC AUTHORITY OR ITS AGENT AND SHALL AUTOMATICALLY BE DEEMED
 REVOKED IF THE AUTHORITY OR ITS AGENT IS UNABLE TO DELIVER  TWO  CONSEC-
 UTIVE NOTICES BY ELECTRONIC MEANS OF COMMUNICATION.
   6.  PROCEDURE  TO  CONTEST. (A) EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A
 CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM, AND TOLLS
 BY MAIL PROGRAM SHALL PROMULGATE REGULATIONS ESTABLISHING A PROCEDURE BY
 WHICH A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE FOR THE  PAYMENT  OF  A  TOLL  OR  A
 VIOLATION  MAY  (I)  CONTEST  SUCH  ALLEGED  LIABILITY,  (II) SUBMIT THE
 CONTEST TO A HEARING, AND (III) HAVE THE RIGHT TO APPEAL.
   (B) EVERY TOLL BILL AND NOTICE OF VIOLATION SHALL ON ITS  FACE  ADVISE
 THE OWNER OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH TO CONTEST THE TOLL OR ANY
 VIOLATION  AND  ALSO  CONTAIN  A  WARNING THAT FAILURE TO CONTEST IN THE
 MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF  LIABILITY  AND
 THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   7.  ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY.  ADJUDICATION OF AN OWNER'S LIABILITY
 SHALL BE BY THE ENTITY HAVING JURISDICTION  OVER  THE  CASHLESS  TOLLING
 FACILITY  OR,  WHERE  AUTHORIZED, BY AN ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL; AND ALL
 SUCH LIABILITY DETERMINATIONS SHALL BE HEARD AND DETERMINED EITHER:  (A)
 IN THE COUNTY IN WHICH THE OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL THROUGH THE CASHLESS
 TOLLING  PROGRAM  WAS ALLEGED TO OCCUR, OR (B) WHERE THE TOLL IS ALLEGED
 TO HAVE BEEN INCURRED IN NEW YORK CITY AND, UPON  THE  CONSENT  OF  BOTH
 PARTIES, IN ANY COUNTY WITHIN NEW YORK CITY IN WHICH THE PUBLIC AUTHORI-
 TY OPERATES OR MAINTAINS A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY. SUCH ADJUDICATIONS
 SHALL  BE  HEARD  AND  DETERMINED IN THE SAME MANNER AS CHARGES OF OTHER
 REGULATORY VIOLATIONS OF SUCH PUBLIC AUTHORITY OR PURSUANT TO THE  RULES
 AND REGULATIONS OF SUCH ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL AS THE CASE MAY BE.
   8.  EVIDENCE  OF  OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL OR VIOLATION. (A) A CERTIF-
 ICATE SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY AN AGENT OF  THE  PUBLIC  AUTHORITY  WHICH
 CHARGED  THAT A LIABILITY FOR AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL OR A VIOLATION
 HAS BEEN INCURRED, OR A  FACSIMILE  THEREOF  BASED  UPON  INSPECTION  OF
 RECORDED  IMAGES  PRODUCED BY A CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL
 BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS  CONTAINED  THEREIN  AND  SHALL  BE
 ADMISSIBLE  IN  ANY  PROCEEDING  CHARGING  A  LIABILITY  FOR A TOLL OR A
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (B) ANY SUCH RECORDED IMAGES AND CERTIFICATE EVIDENCING SUCH LIABILITY
 SHALL BE AVAILABLE TO THE OWNER UPON REQUEST FOR INSPECTION  AND  ADMIS-
 SION INTO EVIDENCE IN ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE SUCH LIABILITY.
   (C) ANY LIABILITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE BASED UPON
 A PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE AS SUBMITTED.
   9. DEFENSES. IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 FOR A TOLL AND/OR VIOLATION THAT:

 S. 3587--A                          6
 
   (A)  THE VEHICLE WAS NOT USED OR OPERATED IN VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION
 OR THE REGULATIONS PROMULGATED HEREUNDER;
   (B)  THE  VEHICLE  WAS  USED OR OPERATED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE
 OWNER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED;
   (C) THE RECIPIENT OF A TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION  WAS  NOT  THE
 OWNER  OF  THE  VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME  THE  OBLIGATION  TO PAY THE TOLL
 OCCURRED;
   (D) THE VEHICLE HAD BEEN STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE  OBLIGATION  WAS
 INCURRED  AND  WAS  NOT  IN  THE POSSESSION OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME THE
 OBLIGATION WAS INCURRED. FOR THE PURPOSES OF ASSERTING THIS DEFENSE,  IT
 SHALL  BE  SUFFICIENT  THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE
 STOLEN VEHICLE IS SUBMITTED TO THE  PUBLIC  AUTHORITY,  COURT  OR  OTHER
 ENTITY HAVING JURISDICTION;
   (E)  THE  VEHICLE  HAD  BEEN  LEASED  AT  THE  TIME THE OBLIGATION WAS
 INCURRED.  FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSERTING THIS DEFENSE, IT SHALL BE SUFFI-
 CIENT THAT A COPY OF THE RENTAL LEASE OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT  COVER-
 ING  THE VEHICLE ON THE DATE AND TIME THE TOLL WAS INCURRED IS SUBMITTED
 TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY, COURT OR OTHER ENTITY HAVING JURISDICTION WITH-
 IN THIRTY DAYS OF THE LESSOR RECEIVING THE ORIGINAL TOLL BILL OR  NOTICE
 OF  VIOLATION.  SUCH  DOCUMENT SHALL INCLUDE THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
 LESSEE. FAILURE TO TIMELY SUBMIT SUCH  INFORMATION  SHALL  CONSTITUTE  A
 WAIVER OF THIS DEFENSE. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
 THIS  SECTION, THE LESSEE SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF THE VEHICLE
 FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY  PURSUANT
 TO  THIS  SECTION,  PROVIDED THAT THE AUTHORITY MAILS A TOLL BILL TO THE
 LESSEE WITHIN TEN DAYS AFTER THE COURT OR OTHER ENTITY HAVING  JURISDIC-
 TION, DEEMS THE LESSEE TO BE THE OWNER.
   10.  FINDING  OF VIOLATION. (A) ANY LIABILITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR AND SHALL NOT BE
 MADE PART OF THE MOTOR  VEHICLE  OPERATING  RECORD,  MAINTAINED  BY  THE
 COMMISSIONER  OF MOTOR VEHICLES PURSUANT TO THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW,
 OF THE PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT  BE  USED
 FOR  INSURANCE  PURPOSES  IN  THE  PROVISION  OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE
 COVERAGE.
   (B) NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF ANY OTHER LAW,  ORDER,  RULE  OR
 REGULATION  TO THE CONTRARY, NO REGISTRATION OF ANY MOTOR VEHICLE MAY BE
 SUSPENDED, REVOKED OR DENIED RENEWAL RESULTING FROM AN OBLIGATION TO PAY
 A TOLL AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY AS DESCRIBED IN THIS  SECTION  AND
 THE  COMMISSIONER  OF  MOTOR  VEHICLES SHALL NOT SUSPEND, REVOKE OR DENY
 RENEWAL OF THE REGISTRATION OF A MOTOR VEHICLE RESULTING FROM  AN  OBLI-
 GATION TO PAY A TOLL AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY AS DESCRIBED IN THIS
 SECTION.
   11.  INDEMNIFICATION.  ANY  OWNER WHO IS FOUND LIABLE PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION WHO WAS NOT THE OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE AT THE  TIME  THE  OBLI-
 GATION  TO PAY THE TOLL WAS INCURRED MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNI-
 FICATION AGAINST THE OPERATOR.
   12. DATA PROTECTION. (A) NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION  OF  LAW,
 ALL  IMAGES, VIDEOS AND OTHER RECORDED IMAGES COLLECTED BY THE AUTHORITY
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF SUCH AUTHORI-
 TY IN THE DISCHARGE OF ITS DUTIES UNDER THIS SECTION AND  SHALL  NOT  BE
 OPEN  TO THE PUBLIC NOR BE USED IN ANY COURT IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING
 PENDING THEREIN UNLESS SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATES TO THE  IMPOSI-
 TION OF OR INDEMNIFICATION FOR LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (B)  THE AUTHORITY SHALL NOT SELL, DISTRIBUTE OR MAKE AVAILABLE IN ANY
 WAY, THE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF ANY OWNER THAT PARTICIPATES IN THE TOLLS
 BY MAIL PROGRAM, WITHOUT SUCH OWNER'S CONSENT, TO ANY ENTITY  THAT  WILL

 S. 3587--A                          7
 
 USE  SUCH INFORMATION FOR ANY COMMERCIAL PURPOSE PROVIDED THAT THE FORE-
 GOING RESTRICTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO PRECLUDE THE EXCHANGE  OF  SUCH
 INFORMATION  BETWEEN ANY ENTITIES WITH JURISDICTION OVER OR OPERATING OF
 A  CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY FOR THE PURPOSE OF ADMINISTERING SUCH TOLLS
 BY MAIL PROGRAM.
   13. DISPLAY OF TOLL CHARGES. ANY TOLL THAT WILL  BE  CHARGED  FOR  THE
 USAGE  OF  ANY  BRIDGE,  TUNNEL,  ROAD,  OR  ANY  OTHER  ENTITY SHALL BE
 DISPLAYED CONSPICUOUSLY AND PROMINENTLY ON SIGNAGE OF A REASONABLE  SIZE
 IN A MANNER REASONABLY CALCULATED TO PROVIDE AMPLE AND ADEQUATE NOTICE.
   14.  DEBT  COLLECTION.  (A)  ON  OR  AFTER  THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS
 SECTION, NO PUBLIC AUTHORITY WHICH OPERATES A CASHLESS TOLLING  FACILITY
 SHALL SELL OR TRANSFER ANY DEBT OWED TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY BY AN OWNER
 FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  TOLL  COLLECTION REGULATIONS TO A DEBT COLLECTION
 AGENCY UNLESS ONE YEAR HAS PASSED FROM THE  DATE  THE  OWNER  WAS  FOUND
 LIABLE  FOR THE VIOLATION OF TOLL COLLECTION REGULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH
 SUCH DEBT, OR THE OWNER HAS A TOTAL DEBT OWED TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY OF
 ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS OR MORE. THE AUTHORITY SHALL NOT SELL  OR  TRANSFER
 ANY  DEBT  TO  A  DEBT COLLECTION AGENCY UNLESS SUCH AUTHORITY HAS FIRST
 OBTAINED A DEFAULT JUDGMENT IN A COURT OR ADMINISTRATIVE  TRIBUNAL  WITH
 JURISDICTION OVER THE ASSESSED TOLL.
   (B) A NOTICE SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL ADVISING THE OWNER THAT
 THE DEBT DESCRIBED IN PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL BE SOLD OR
 TRANSFERRED  BY THE AUTHORITY TO A DEBT COLLECTION AGENCY ON A SPECIFIED
 DATE NO LESS THAN THIRTY DAYS PRIOR TO SUCH SALE OR TRANSFER.
   15. INSTALLMENT PAYMENT PLAN. EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT  OPERATES  A
 CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM, AND TOLLS
 BY MAIL PROGRAM SHALL PROMULGATE RULES AND REGULATIONS THAT ESTABLISH AN
 INSTALLMENT  PAYMENT  PLAN  FOR  THE  PAYMENT  OF  ANY  TOLL AND PENALTY
 INCURRED AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY.  INFORMATION  RELATED  TO  SUCH
 PLAN  SHALL BE INCLUDED IN ANY TOLL BILL AND ANY NOTICE OF VIOLATION AND
 SHALL BE DISPLAYED CONSPICUOUSLY  ON  THE  AUTHORITIES'  WEBSITES.  EACH
 OWNER,  AT HIS OR HER ELECTION, MAY PARTICIPATE IN SUCH PLAN. THE PUBLIC
 AUTHORITY SHALL NOT CHARGE ANY ADDITIONAL FEES OR PENALTIES FOR  ENROLL-
 MENT IN A PAYMENT PLAN.
   16.  ANNUAL REPORT. EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION
 PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION TWO OF  THIS  SECTION  SHALL  SUBMIT  AN
 ANNUAL  REPORT  ON THE TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPO-
 RARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY AND POST ON
 ITS WEBSITE ON OR BEFORE THE FIRST DAY OF JUNE SUCCEEDING THE  EFFECTIVE
 DATE  OF  THIS  SECTION  AND ON THE SAME DATE IN EACH SUCCEEDING YEAR IN
 WHICH THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IS OPERABLE. SUCH REPORT SHALL  INCLUDE,
 BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO:
   (A)  THE LOCATIONS WHERE VEHICLE SENSORS FOR CASHLESS TOLLING MONITOR-
 ING SYSTEMS WERE USED;
   (B) THE AGGREGATE NUMBER OF TOLLS PAID AT THE LOCATIONS WHERE CASHLESS
 TOLLING FACILITIES WERE USED, INCLUDING BOTH THROUGH THE USE OF AN OPER-
 ABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND THROUGH THE TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM;
   (C) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT PAID THEIR TOLL  THROUGH  THE  TOLLS  BY
 MAIL PROGRAM;
   (D)  THE  NUMBER  OF  OWNERS  THAT PAID THEIR TOLL UPON RECEIPT OF THE
 FIRST TOLL BILL;
   (E) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT PAID THEIR  TOLL  UPON  RECEIPT  OF  THE
 SECOND TOLL BILL;
   (F)  THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT WERE CHARGED A FIVE DOLLAR FEE FOR LATE
 PAYMENT AND THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF FEES FOR LATE PAYMENT  COLLECTED  BY
 THE AUTHORITY;

 S. 3587--A                          8
 
   (G)  THE  NUMBER  OF OWNERS THAT WERE CHARGED A PENALTY, THE AMOUNT OF
 THE PENALTY CHARGED TO OWNERS AND  THE  AGGREGATE  AMOUNT  OF  PENALTIES
 COLLECTED BY THE AUTHORITY;
   (H)  THE  NUMBER  OF OWNERS THAT DISPUTED THE TOLL BILL, THE NUMBER OF
 OWNERS THAT SUCCESSFULLY DISPUTED SUCH TOLL BILL AND AN ITEMIZED  BREAK-
 DOWN OF THE REASONS FOR SUCCESSFULLY DISPUTED TOLLS;
   (I) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT DISPUTED THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION AND THE
 NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT SUCCESSFULLY DISPUTED SUCH NOTICE OF VIOLATION;
   (J)  THE  NUMBER  OF  OWNERS  THAT PAID THEIR TOLL UPON RECEIPT OF THE
 NOTICE OF VIOLATION;
   (K) THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF PENALTIES CHARGED TO OWNERS;
   (L) A COPY OF ALL  REGULATIONS  THE  REPORTING  AUTHORITY  PROMULGATED
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION;
   (M)  THE  NUMBER  OF  TOLLS  ADJUDICATED BY EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY AND
 COURT, INCLUDING ANY APPEAL OF SUCH ADJUDICATIONS, AND  THE  RESULTS  OF
 ALL  ADJUDICATIONS  INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS OF DISPOSITIONS MADE FOR TOLLS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   (N) THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY SUCH AUTHORITY  FROM  SUCH
 ADJUDICATIONS;
   (O)  EXPENSES  INCURRED BY SUCH AUTHORITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE TOLLS
 BY MAIL PROGRAM;
   (P) THE NATURE OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS; AND
   (Q) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS WHOSE TOLL BILLS AND VIOLATION  NOTICES  WERE
 RETURNED TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY AS UNDELIVERABLE.
   §  4. a. Within 90 days of the effective date of this act, the Tribor-
 ough Bridge and Tunnel Authority organized pursuant to  section  552  of
 the  public  authorities  law shall implement an amnesty program for all
 persons who, with respect to any toll obligation incurred  on  or  after
 November 1, 2016 at a cashless tolling facility operated by the authori-
 ty,  (1) owe tolls, fines, fees, or penalties; (2) have been referred to
 a debt collection agency; or (3) have  had  their  vehicle  registration
 suspended. Such amnesty program shall be at least five weeks in duration
 and  shall  provide  that  upon  an  owner's  payment  or contesting the
 outstanding toll balance during the amnesty  period  (1)  the  authority
 shall waive all fees, fines, and penalties associated with the outstand-
 ing toll balance, and (2) the authority shall advise the commissioner of
 motor  vehicles,  in  such  form and manner that such commissioner shall
 have prescribed, that such person has  responded  and  any  registration
 suspension shall be rescinded.
   b. The Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority shall undertake a public
 awareness  campaign  for such amnesty program, maintain a public website
 for any person to obtain information on any  outstanding  tolls  and  no
 later  than  30  days  preceding the commencement of the amnesty period,
 notify by first-class mail all persons with outstanding toll balances of
 their eligibility for the amnesty program. The authority  shall  provide
 for  sufficient  methods to pay the outstanding toll balances, including
 but not limited to, by phone, by mail, or through the internet.
   § 5. This act shall take effect on the one hundred twentieth day after
 it shall have become a law; provided, however that  sections  three  and
 four  of  this  act  shall expire 5 years after such effective date when
 upon such date such provisions of this act  shall  be  deemed  repealed.
 Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or repeal of any rule
 or regulation necessary for the implementation of this act on its effec-
 tive date are authorized to be made on or before such date.

                            
 
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  3587--B
 
                        2021-2022 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                             January 30, 2021
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sens. COMRIE, REICHLIN-MELNICK -- read twice and ordered
   printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee  on  Trans-
   portation  -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as
   amended and recommitted to said  committee  --  committee  discharged,
   bill  amended,  ordered  reprinted  as amended and recommitted to said
   committee
 
 AN ACT to amend the public authorities law, in relation to enacting  the
   "toll  payer  protection act"; and providing for the repeal of certain
   provisions upon expiration thereof
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. This act shall be known and may be cited as the "toll payer
 protection act".
   §  2.  Paragraph (b) of subdivision 1 and subdivision 8 of section 402
 of the vehicle and traffic  law,  paragraph  (b)  of  subdivision  1  as
 amended by chapter 109 of the laws of 2005, and subdivision 8 as amended
 by  chapter  61  of the laws of 1989 and as renumbered by chapter 648 of
 the laws of 2006, are amended to read as follows:
   (b) (I) Number plates shall be kept clean and in a condition so as  to
 be  easily  readable  and  shall  not be covered by glass or any plastic
 material[, and].
   (II) NUMBER PLATES shall not be knowingly covered or coated  with  any
 artificial  or synthetic material or substance that conceals or obscures
 such number plates or that distorts a recorded or photographic image  of
 such number plates[, and the].
   (III)  THE  view  of such number plates shall not be obstructed by any
 part of the vehicle or by anything carried thereon, except for a receiv-
 er-transmitter issued by a publicly owned tolling facility in connection
 with  electronic  toll  collection  when  such  receiver-transmitter  is
 affixed  to  the  exterior  of  a  vehicle  in  accordance with mounting
 instructions provided by the tolling facility.

  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
              

                                                            LBD02113-04-1

 S. 3587--B                          2
 
   8. [The] A violation of this section shall be punishable by a fine  of
 not less than twenty-five nor more than two hundred dollars, EXCEPT THAT
 A  VIOLATION OF SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OR SUBPARAGRAPH (III) OF PARAGRAPH (B)
 OF SUBDIVISION ONE OF THIS  SECTION  SHALL  BE PUNISHABLE BY A  FINE  OF
 NOT LESS THAN FIFTY NOR MORE THAN THREE HUNDRED DOLLARS.
   § 3. Section 2985 of the public authorities law is designated to title
 11-A of article 9 of such law.
   §  4.  Article  9 of the public authorities law is amended by adding a
 new title 11-A to read as follows:
                                TITLE 11-A
                             TOLL COLLECTIONS
 SECTION 2985-A. TOLLS BY MAIL.
   § 2985-A. TOLLS BY MAIL. 1. APPLICABILITY. THIS SECTION SHALL APPLY TO
 THE TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM AND SHALL NOT APPLY TO THE PAYMENT OF TOLLS BY
 MEANS OF AN ELECTRONIC TOLL DEVICE THAT TRANSMITS INFORMATION THROUGH AN
 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEM AS DEFINED IN  SUBDIVISION  TWELVE  OF
 SECTION TWENTY-NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-FIVE OF THIS TITLE.
   2.  DEFINITIONS.  FOR  PURPOSES  OF  THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS
 SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   (A) "CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY" SHALL MEAN A TOLL HIGHWAY,  BRIDGE  OR
 TUNNEL  FACILITY THAT DOES NOT PROVIDE FOR THE IMMEDIATE ON-SITE PAYMENT
 IN CASH OF A TOLL OWED FOR THE USE OF SUCH FACILITY.
   (B) "CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A  VEHICLE  SENSOR
 WHICH  AUTOMATICALLY  PRODUCES A RECORDED IMAGE OF A VEHICLE AND LICENSE
 PLATE AT THE TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED AT A CASHLESS TOLLING  FACILITY
 AND  WHOSE  OWNER  HAS  INCURRED AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL THROUGH THE
 CASHLESS TOLLING PROGRAM.
   (C) "DEBT COLLECTION AGENCY" SHALL MEAN A PERSON, FIRM OR  CORPORATION
 ENGAGED  IN  BUSINESS,  THE  PRINCIPAL  PURPOSE OF WHICH IS TO REGULARLY
 COLLECT OR ATTEMPT TO COLLECT DEBTS OWED OR DUE OR ASSERTED TO  BE  OWED
 OR  DUE TO ANOTHER AND SHALL ALSO INCLUDE A BUYER OF DELINQUENT DEBT WHO
 SEEKS TO COLLECT SUCH DEBT EITHER DIRECTLY OR THROUGH  THE  SERVICES  OF
 ANOTHER  BY,  INCLUDING  BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO, INITIATING OR USING LEGAL
 PROCESSES OR OTHER MEANS TO COLLECT OR ATTEMPT TO COLLECT SUCH DEBT.
   (D) "ELECTRONIC MEANS OF  COMMUNICATION"  SHALL  INCLUDE  BUT  NOT  BE
 LIMITED TO ELECTRONIC MAIL AND TEXT MESSAGING.
   (E)  "ELECTRONIC  TOLL  COLLECTION  SYSTEM"  SHALL  MEAN  A  SYSTEM OF
 COLLECTING TOLLS OR CHARGES WHICH IS  CAPABLE  OF  CHARGING  AN  ACCOUNT
 HOLDER  THE  APPROPRIATE  TOLL  OR CHARGE BY TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION
 FROM AN OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE ON A MOTOR VEHICLE TO THE TOLL  LANE,
 WHICH  INFORMATION IS USED TO CHARGE THE ACCOUNT THE APPROPRIATE TOLL OR
 CHARGE.
   (F) "LESSEE" SHALL MEAN ANY PERSON,  CORPORATION,  FIRM,  PARTNERSHIP,
 AGENCY, ASSOCIATION, OR ORGANIZATION THAT RENTS, LEASES OR CONTRACTS FOR
 THE  USE  OF  ONE OR MORE VEHICLES AND HAS EXCLUSIVE USE THEREOF FOR ANY
 PERIOD OF TIME.
   (G) "LESSOR" SHALL MEAN ANY PERSON,  CORPORATION,  FIRM,  PARTNERSHIP,
 AGENCY,  ASSOCIATION, OR ORGANIZATION ENGAGED IN THE BUSINESS OF RENTING
 OR LEASING VEHICLES TO ANY LESSEE UNDER A  RENTAL  AGREEMENT,  LEASE  OR
 OTHERWISE  WHEREIN SUCH LESSEE HAS THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR
 ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
   (H) "NOTICE OF VIOLATION" SHALL MEAN A NOTICE SENT TO AN OWNER NOTIFY-
 ING SUCH OWNER THAT A TOLL INCURRED AT A CASHLESS  TOLLING  FACILITY  BY
 THE  OWNER  HAS  NOT  BEEN  PAID AT THE PLACE AND TIME AND IN THE MANNER
 ESTABLISHED FOR COLLECTION OF SUCH TOLL IN THE TOLL BILL.

 S. 3587--B                          3
 
   (I) "OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE" SHALL MEAN AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE  THAT
 SUCCESSFULLY TRANSMITS INFORMATION THROUGH AN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION
 SYSTEM.
   (J)  "OWNER"  SHALL  MEAN  ANY PERSON, CORPORATION, PARTNERSHIP, FIRM,
 AGENCY, ASSOCIATION, LESSOR OR ORGANIZATION WHO, AT THE TIME  OF  INCUR-
 RING  AN  OBLIGATION  TO  PAY A TOLL AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, AND
 WITH RESPECT TO THE VEHICLE IDENTIFIED IN THE NOTICE OF TOLL DUE: (I) IS
 THE BENEFICIAL OR EQUITABLE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE; OR (II) HAS TITLE  TO
 SUCH  VEHICLE; OR (III) IS THE REGISTRANT OR CO-REGISTRANT OF SUCH VEHI-
 CLE WHICH IS REGISTERED WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR  VEHICLES  OF  THIS
 STATE OR ANY OTHER STATE, TERRITORY, DISTRICT, PROVINCE, NATION OR OTHER
 JURISDICTION;  OR (IV) IS SUBJECT TO THE LIMITATIONS SET FORTH IN SUBDI-
 VISION TEN OF SECTION TWENTY-NINE HUNDRED  EIGHTY-FIVE  OF  THIS  TITLE,
 USES SUCH VEHICLE IN ITS VEHICLE RENTING AND/OR LEASING BUSINESS; OR (V)
 IS A PERSON ENTITLED TO THE USE AND POSSESSION OF A VEHICLE SUBJECT TO A
 SECURITY INTEREST IN ANOTHER PERSON.
   (K)  "PENALTY"  SHALL MEAN ANY LATE PAYMENT FEES, CHARGES, OR MONETARY
 PENALTIES IMPOSED BY A PUBLIC AUTHORITY, EXCLUSIVE OF ANY TOLL OR  TOLLS
 INCURRED  AT THE CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, FOR FAILURE TO TIMELY PAY AN
 OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL.
   (L) "TOLL BILL" SHALL MEAN A NOTICE SENT TO AN  OWNER  NOTIFYING  SUCH
 OWNER  THAT  THE OWNER'S VEHICLE HAS BEEN USED OR OPERATED AT A CASHLESS
 TOLLING FACILITY, CROSSED A CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING  SYSTEM  WITHOUT
 AN  OPERABLE  ELECTRONIC  DEVICE AND HAS INCURRED AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A
 TOLL.
   (M) "TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM" SHALL MEAN ANY PROGRAM OPERATED BY  OR  ON
 BEHALF  OF  A PUBLIC AUTHORITY TO IDENTIFY VEHICLES THAT CROSS THROUGH A
 CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY WITHOUT AN OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE  AND  TO
 SEND A TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION TO THE OWNER OF THE VEHICLE.
   (N)  "VIOLATION" SHALL MEAN THE FAILURE OF THE OWNER TO TIMELY RESPOND
 TO A TOLL BILL.
   3. AUTHORIZATION FOR CASHLESS TOLLING. (A) NOTWITHSTANDING  ANY  OTHER
 PROVISION  OF  LAW, EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A TOLL HIGHWAY,
 BRIDGE AND/OR TUNNEL FACILITY AND  IS  AUTHORIZED  PURSUANT  TO  SECTION
 TWENTY-NINE  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-FIVE  OF  THIS  TITLE  TO  PROMULGATE  TOLL
 COLLECTION REGULATIONS AND TO IMPOSE MONETARY LIABILITY FOR  FAILURE  TO
 COMPLY WITH SUCH REGULATIONS IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED AND EMPOWERED TO OPER-
 ATE  A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM FOR UTILIZATION OF CASHLESS TOLLING FACILI-
 TIES, CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEMS, AND A TOLLS BY  MAIL  PROGRAM
 AND  TO  IMPOSE MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE
 TO COMPLY WITH THE TOLL COLLECTION REGULATIONS OF SUCH PUBLIC  AUTHORITY
 SO  LONG  AS  EACH PUBLIC AUTHORITY COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS
 SECTION. SUCH PUBLIC AUTHORITY SHALL PROMULGATE REGULATIONS ESTABLISHING
 A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM FOR THE UTILIZATION OF CASHLESS TOLLING  FACILI-
 TIES,  CASHLESS  TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEMS, AND A TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM
 THAT COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION.  SUCH  REGULATIONS  MAY
 IMPOSE  MONETARY  LIABILITY  ON  THE  OWNER  OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE TO
 COMPLY WITH SUCH REGULATIONS. NO PUBLIC AUTHORITY SHALL OWN, OPERATE  OR
 OTHERWISE FACILITATE A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, CASHLESS TOLLING MONI-
 TORING SYSTEM, OR TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM WITHOUT FIRST PROMULGATING REGU-
 LATIONS PURSUANT TO AND IN COMPLIANCE WITH THIS SECTION.
   (B) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES TO
 ENSURE, TO THE EXTENT PRACTICABLE, THAT RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH
 CASHLESS  TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDEN-
 TIFY THE DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF A VEHICLE.  HOWEVER,
 NO  TOLL  BILL  OR  NOTICE  OF VIOLATION ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION

 S. 3587--B                          4
 
 SHALL BE INVALID SOLELY BECAUSE A RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS  FOR  THE  IDEN-
 TIFICATION  OF  THE  CONTENTS  OF  A  VEHICLE, PROVIDED THAT SUCH PUBLIC
 AUTHORITY HAS MADE A REASONABLE EFFORT TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS  OF
 THIS PARAGRAPH.
   (C)  EVERY  PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY
 SHALL UNDERTAKE A PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN REGARDING  THE  USE  OF  AND
 PROCESS  INVOLVED  WITH THE PAYMENT OF TOLLS AT CASHLESS TOLLING FACILI-
 TIES.  EACH PUBLIC AUTHORITY SHALL PROVIDE SUFFICIENT METHODS FOR OWNERS
 TO  OBTAIN  AN  OPERABLE  ELECTRONIC  DEVICE  FOR  THE  ELECTRONIC  TOLL
 COLLECTION  SYSTEM,  INCLUDING MAKING SUCH DEVICES AVAILABLE AT ALL REST
 AREAS OWNED OR OPERATED BY EACH AUTHORITY.
   (D) EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A CASHLESS  TOLLING  FACILITY
 SHALL  MAINTAIN  A  WEBSITE AND TOLL-FREE PHONE NUMBER FOR ANY PERSON TO
 OBTAIN CURRENT INFORMATION ON ANY OUTSTANDING TOLLS AND SHALL  IMPLEMENT
 A  SYSTEM  TO  NOTIFY THOSE OWNERS WHO SO REQUEST BY ELECTRONIC MEANS OF
 COMMUNICATION ABOUT TOLLS AS THEY ARE INCURRED. SUCH WEBSITE  AND  PHONE
 NUMBER SHALL BE PRINTED ON ANY TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION.
   4.  OWNER  LIABILITY.  (A)  WITHIN  THE  JURISDICTION  OF EVERY PUBLIC
 AUTHORITY WHICH HAS  PROMULGATED  REGULATIONS  PURSUANT  TO  SUBDIVISION
 THREE OF THIS SECTION:  (I) THE OWNER SHALL INCUR AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A
 TOLL WHEN THE OWNER'S VEHICLE CROSSES THROUGH A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILI-
 TY  PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH
 THE PERMISSION OF THE OWNER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND SUCH OBLIGATION  IS
 EVIDENCED  BY  INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM THE CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING
 SYSTEM; OR (II) THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL INCUR AN OBLIGATION TO  PAY
 A  TOLL WHEN SUCH VEHICLE CROSSES A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY WITHOUT AN
 OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND IS IDENTIFIED BY A CASHLESS TOLLING MONI-
 TORING SYSTEM.
   (B) THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A CIVIL PENALTY IMPOSED
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH OWNER INCURRED AN OBLIGATION TO  PAY  A
 TOLL  AND  FAILS TO TIMELY PAY OR RESPOND TO SUCH TOLL IN THE MANNER SET
 FORTH IN THE TOLL BILL IN ACCORDANCE WITH  THIS  SECTION  AND  SHALL  BE
 LIABLE  FOR PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PENALTIES SET FORTH HEREIN.
 PROVIDED, HOWEVER, NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR  A  PENALTY
 IMPOSED  PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS
 BEEN CONVICTED OF A VIOLATION OF TOLL  COLLECTION  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE
 SAME INCIDENT.
   5.  TOLL  BILLS  AND  NOTICES  OF VIOLATION. (A) TOLL BILL. THE PUBLIC
 AUTHORITY SHALL WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF AN OWNER INCURRING  AN  OBLIGATION
 TO  PAY  A  TOLL SEND A TOLL BILL BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL TO SUCH OWNER. (I)
 WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THE MAILING OF THE TOLL BILL THE OWNER  SHALL  (A)
 PAY  THE  TOLL,  WITHOUT  LIABILITY FOR ANY PENALTY, OR (B) CONTEST SUCH
 TOLL BILL. (II) THE  TOLL  BILL  SHALL  INCLUDE:  (A)  THE  DATE,  TIME,
 LOCATION,  LICENSE  PLATE NUMBER AND VEHICLE REGISTRATION FOR EACH TOLL;
 (B) THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF THE TOLL DUE; (C) THE DATE  BY  WHICH  THE  TOLL
 MUST  BE  PAID;  (D)  THE  ADDRESS FOR RECEIPT OF PAYMENT AND METHODS OF
 PAYMENT FOR SUCH TOLL BILL; (E) THE PROCEDURE FOR CONTESTING  ANY  TOLL;
 (F)  INFORMATION  RELATED  TO  THE FAILURE TO TIMELY PAY OR RESPOND TO A
 TOLL BILL; (G) THE WEBSITE ADDRESS OR HYPERLINK FOR THE OWNER TO  ACCESS
 TIME-STAMPED  PHOTOGRAPHS  OR FOOTAGE OF EACH TOLL INCURRED; AND (H) ANY
 OTHER INFORMATION REQUIRED BY LAW OR BY THE AUTHORITY. IF  AN  AUTHORITY
 FAILS  TO SEND A TOLL BILL AS SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION, THE OWNER SHALL
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR PAYMENT OF THE TOLLS, OR ANY PENALTY.
   (B) SECOND TOLL BILL. IF AN OWNER FAILS TO  RESPOND  TO  A  TOLL  BILL
 WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THE MAILING OF SUCH TOLL BILL, THE PUBLIC AUTHORI-
 TY  SHALL SEND A SECOND TOLL BILL BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL WITHIN THIRTY DAYS

 S. 3587--B                          5
 
 OF THE DATE THE OWNER WAS REQUIRED TO RESPOND TO SUCH  TOLL  BILL.  SUCH
 SECOND TOLL BILL MAY INCLUDE A PENALTY FOR LATE PAYMENT, WHICH SHALL NOT
 EXCEED  FIVE  DOLLARS  AND SHALL INCLUDE ALL OF THE INFORMATION REQUIRED
 FOR  A  TOLL BILL PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION.  WITHIN
 THIRTY DAYS OF THE MAILING OF THE SECOND TOLL BILL THE OWNER  SHALL  (I)
 PAY  THE  ASSESSED TOLL AND ANY PENALTY PROVIDED IN SUCH NOTICE, OR (II)
 CONTEST TOLL BILL.
   (C) NOTICE OF VIOLATION. IF AN OWNER FAILS TO RESPOND TO A SECOND TOLL
 BILL WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THE MAILING OF SUCH  SECOND  TOLL  BILL,  THE
 PUBLIC  AUTHORITY  SHALL  SEND BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL A NOTICE OF VIOLATION
 WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THE DATE THE OWNER WAS REQUIRED TO RESPOND TO SUCH
 SECOND TOLL BILL. (I) THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION  SHALL  INCLUDE:  (A)  THE
 DATE,  TIME, LOCATION, LICENSE PLATE NUMBER AND VEHICLE REGISTRATION FOR
 EACH TOLL; (B) THE ASSESSED TOLL AND THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ALL OUTSTANDING
 TOLLS AND PENALTIES AS AUTHORIZED BY THIS SECTION; (C) THE DATE BY WHICH
 PAYMENT OF SUCH AMOUNTS ARE DUE; (D) THE ADDRESS FOR RECEIPT OF  PAYMENT
 AND  METHODS  OF  PAYMENT  FOR  THE  AMOUNTS  DUE; (E) THE PROCEDURE FOR
 CONTESTING ANY SUCH AMOUNTS; (F) INFORMATION RELATED TO THE  FAILURE  TO
 TIMELY  PAY OR RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF VIOLATION; (G) THE WEBSITE ADDRESS
 OR HYPERLINK FOR THE OWNER TO ACCESS TIME-STAMPED PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOOTAGE
 OF EACH TOLL INCURRED; AND (H) ANY OTHER INFORMATION REQUIRED BY LAW  OR
 BY  THE  AUTHORITY.  THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION MAY INCLUDE A PENALTY WHICH
 SHALL BE TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS OR TWO TIMES THE TOLL EVADED, WHICHEVER  IS
 GREATER.  IF THE AUTHORITY FAILS TO SEND A TIMELY NOTICE OF VIOLATION AS
 SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION, THE OWNER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR PAYMENT  OF
 THE  ALLEGED TOLLS OR ANY PENALTY. (II) THE OWNER SHALL HAVE THIRTY DAYS
 FROM THE DATE SUCH NOTICE OF VIOLATION WAS SENT TO (A) PAY THE  ASSESSED
 TOLL  AND  PENALTIES,  OR  (B)  CONTEST THE NOTICE. IF AN OWNER FAILS TO
 RESPOND TO THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION, THE OWNER SHALL BE  LIABLE  FOR  THE
 ASSESSED TOLL AND ANY PENALTY AS PROVIDED IN SUCH NOTICE.
   (D)  ELECTRONIC  NOTICE.  ANY TOLL BILL REQUIRED BY THIS SECTION TO BE
 SENT BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL MAY INSTEAD BE  SENT  BY  ELECTRONIC  MEANS  OF
 COMMUNICATION  UPON  THE  AFFIRMATIVE  CONSENT  OF  THE  OWNER IN A FORM
 PRESCRIBED BY THE AUTHORITY. PROVIDED THAT, NOTWITHSTANDING THIS  SUBDI-
 VISION,  A  TOLL BILL SENT BY ELECTRONIC MEANS OF COMMUNICATION SHALL BE
 SENT WITHIN SEVENTY-TWO HOURS OF AN OWNER INCURRING AN OBLIGATION TO PAY
 A TOLL. ANY NOTICE OF VIOLATION REQUIRED BY THIS SECTION TO BE  SENT  BY
 FIRST-CLASS  MAIL  MAY  IN ADDITION TO FIRST-CLASS MAIL BE SENT BY ELEC-
 TRONIC MEANS OF COMMUNICATION UPON THE AFFIRMATIVE CONSENT OF THE  OWNER
 IN  A  FORM PRESCRIBED BY THE AUTHORITY. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF
 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS PREPARED IN THE ORDINARY  COURSE  OF  BUSINESS
 SHALL BE SUFFICIENT RECORD OF ELECTRONIC NOTICE. ANY AFFIRMATIVE CONSENT
 TO  RECEIVE A TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION BY ELECTRONIC MEANS SHALL
 BE REVOCABLE BY THE OWNER AT ANY TIME WITH NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORI-
 TY OR ITS AGENT AND SHALL AUTOMATICALLY BE DEEMED REVOKED IF THE AUTHOR-
 ITY OR ITS AGENT IS UNABLE TO DELIVER TWO CONSECUTIVE NOTICES  BY  ELEC-
 TRONIC MEANS OF COMMUNICATION.
   6.  PROCEDURE  TO  CONTEST. (A) EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A
 CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM, AND TOLLS
 BY MAIL PROGRAM SHALL PROMULGATE REGULATIONS ESTABLISHING A PROCEDURE BY
 WHICH A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE FOR THE  PAYMENT  OF  A  TOLL  OR  A
 VIOLATION  MAY  (I)  CONTEST  SUCH  ALLEGED  LIABILITY,  (II) SUBMIT THE
 CONTEST TO A HEARING, AND (III) HAVE THE RIGHT TO APPEAL.
   (B) EVERY TOLL BILL AND NOTICE OF VIOLATION SHALL ON ITS  FACE  ADVISE
 THE OWNER OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH TO CONTEST THE TOLL OR ANY
 VIOLATION  AND  ALSO  CONTAIN  A  WARNING THAT FAILURE TO CONTEST IN THE

 S. 3587--B                          6
 
 MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF  LIABILITY  AND
 THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   7.  ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY.  ADJUDICATION OF AN OWNER'S LIABILITY
 SHALL BE BY THE ENTITY HAVING JURISDICTION  OVER  THE  CASHLESS  TOLLING
 FACILITY  OR,  WHERE  AUTHORIZED, BY AN ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL; AND ALL
 SUCH LIABILITY DETERMINATIONS SHALL BE HEARD AND DETERMINED EITHER:  (A)
 IN THE COUNTY IN WHICH THE OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL THROUGH THE CASHLESS
 TOLLING  PROGRAM  WAS ALLEGED TO OCCUR, OR (B) WHERE THE TOLL IS ALLEGED
 TO HAVE BEEN INCURRED IN NEW YORK CITY AND, UPON  THE  CONSENT  OF  BOTH
 PARTIES, IN ANY COUNTY WITHIN NEW YORK CITY IN WHICH THE PUBLIC AUTHORI-
 TY OPERATES OR MAINTAINS A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY. SUCH ADJUDICATIONS
 SHALL  BE  HEARD  AND  DETERMINED IN THE SAME MANNER AS CHARGES OF OTHER
 REGULATORY VIOLATIONS OF SUCH PUBLIC AUTHORITY OR PURSUANT TO THE  RULES
 AND REGULATIONS OF SUCH ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL AS THE CASE MAY BE.
   8.  EVIDENCE  OF  OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL OR VIOLATION. (A) A CERTIF-
 ICATE SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY AN AGENT OF  THE  PUBLIC  AUTHORITY  WHICH
 CHARGED  THAT A LIABILITY FOR AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL OR A VIOLATION
 HAS BEEN INCURRED, OR A  FACSIMILE  THEREOF  BASED  UPON  INSPECTION  OF
 RECORDED  IMAGES  PRODUCED BY A CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL
 BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS  CONTAINED  THEREIN  AND  SHALL  BE
 ADMISSIBLE  IN  ANY  PROCEEDING  CHARGING  A  LIABILITY  FOR A TOLL OR A
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (B) ANY SUCH RECORDED IMAGES AND CERTIFICATE EVIDENCING SUCH LIABILITY
 SHALL BE AVAILABLE TO THE OWNER UPON REQUEST FOR INSPECTION  AND  ADMIS-
 SION INTO EVIDENCE IN ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE SUCH LIABILITY.
   (C) ANY LIABILITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE BASED UPON
 A PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE AS SUBMITTED.
   9. DEFENSES. IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 FOR A TOLL AND/OR VIOLATION THAT:
   (A)  THE VEHICLE WAS NOT USED OR OPERATED IN VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION
 OR THE REGULATIONS PROMULGATED HEREUNDER;
   (B) THE VEHICLE WAS USED OR OPERATED WITHOUT  THE  PERMISSION  OF  THE
 OWNER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED;
   (C)  THE  RECIPIENT  OF A TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION WAS NOT THE
 OWNER OF THE VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME  THE  OBLIGATION  TO  PAY  THE  TOLL
 OCCURRED;
   (D)  THE  VEHICLE HAD BEEN STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE OBLIGATION WAS
 INCURRED AND WAS NOT IN THE POSSESSION OF THE  OWNER  AT  THE  TIME  THE
 OBLIGATION  WAS INCURRED. FOR THE PURPOSES OF ASSERTING THIS DEFENSE, IT
 SHALL BE SUFFICIENT THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE  REPORT  ON  THE
 STOLEN  VEHICLE  IS  SUBMITTED  TO  THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY, COURT OR OTHER
 ENTITY HAVING JURISDICTION;
   (E) THE VEHICLE HAD  BEEN  LEASED  AT  THE  TIME  THE  OBLIGATION  WAS
 INCURRED.  FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSERTING THIS DEFENSE, IT SHALL BE SUFFI-
 CIENT  THAT A COPY OF THE RENTAL LEASE OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT COVER-
 ING THE VEHICLE ON THE DATE AND TIME THE TOLL WAS INCURRED IS  SUBMITTED
 TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY, COURT OR OTHER ENTITY HAVING JURISDICTION WITH-
 IN  THIRTY DAYS OF THE LESSOR RECEIVING THE ORIGINAL TOLL BILL OR NOTICE
 OF VIOLATION. SUCH DOCUMENT SHALL INCLUDE THE NAME AND  ADDRESS  OF  THE
 LESSEE.  FAILURE  TO  TIMELY  SUBMIT SUCH INFORMATION SHALL CONSTITUTE A
 WAIVER OF THIS DEFENSE. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
 THIS SECTION, THE LESSEE SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF THE  VEHICLE
 FOR  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY PURSUANT
 TO THIS SECTION, PROVIDED THAT THE AUTHORITY MAILS A TOLL  BILL  TO  THE
 LESSEE  WITHIN TEN DAYS AFTER THE COURT OR OTHER ENTITY HAVING JURISDIC-
 TION, DEEMS THE LESSEE TO BE THE OWNER.

 S. 3587--B                          7
 
   10. FINDING OF VIOLATION. (A) ANY LIABILITY IMPOSED PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR AND SHALL NOT BE
 MADE  PART  OF  THE  MOTOR  VEHICLE  OPERATING RECORD, MAINTAINED BY THE
 COMMISSIONER OF MOTOR VEHICLES PURSUANT TO THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC  LAW,
 OF  THE  PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT BE USED
 FOR INSURANCE PURPOSES IN  THE  PROVISION  OF  MOTOR  VEHICLE  INSURANCE
 COVERAGE.
   (B)  NOTWITHSTANDING  THE  PROVISIONS OF ANY OTHER LAW, ORDER, RULE OR
 REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, NO REGISTRATION OF ANY NON-COMMERCIAL  MOTOR
 VEHICLE  MAY  BE  SUSPENDED, REVOKED OR DENIED RENEWAL RESULTING FROM AN
 OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY AS DESCRIBED  IN
 THIS  SECTION  AND THE COMMISSIONER OF MOTOR VEHICLES SHALL NOT SUSPEND,
 REVOKE OR DENY RENEWAL OF THE REGISTRATION  OF  A  NON-COMMERCIAL  MOTOR
 VEHICLE RESULTING FROM AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL AT A CASHLESS TOLLING
 FACILITY  AS DESCRIBED IN THIS SECTION UNLESS SUCH OWNER IS FOUND LIABLE
 FOR FAILURE TO PAY OR RESPOND TO FIVE OR MORE NOTICES OF UNRELATED  TOLL
 BILLS  OR  IS  LIABLE  FOR  NO  LESS  THAN  ONE HUNDRED FIFTY DOLLARS IN
 OUTSTANDING TOLL BILLS WITHIN AN EIGHTEEN MONTH PERIOD.
   11. INDEMNIFICATION. ANY OWNER WHO IS FOUND LIABLE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION  WHO  WAS  NOT THE OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME THE OBLI-
 GATION TO PAY THE TOLL WAS INCURRED MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR  INDEMNI-
 FICATION AGAINST THE OPERATOR.
   12.  DATA  PROTECTION. (A) NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW,
 ALL IMAGES, VIDEOS AND OTHER RECORDED IMAGES COLLECTED BY THE  AUTHORITY
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF SUCH AUTHORI-
 TY  IN  THE  DISCHARGE OF ITS DUTIES UNDER THIS SECTION AND SHALL NOT BE
 OPEN TO THE PUBLIC NOR BE USED IN ANY COURT IN ANY ACTION OR  PROCEEDING
 PENDING  THEREIN UNLESS SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATES TO THE IMPOSI-
 TION OF OR INDEMNIFICATION FOR LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (B) THE AUTHORITY, INCLUDING ANY SUBSIDIARY OR CONTRACTOR INVOLVED  IN
 IMPLEMENTING  OR OPERATING AN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEM OR TOLLS
 BY MAIL PROGRAM, SHALL NOT SELL, DISTRIBUTE OR  MAKE  AVAILABLE  IN  ANY
 WAY, THE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF ANY OWNER THAT PARTICIPATES IN THE TOLLS
 BY  MAIL  PROGRAM,  PROVIDED THAT THE FOREGOING RESTRICTION SHALL NOT BE
 DEEMED TO PRECLUDE THE EXCHANGE OF SUCH INFORMATION BETWEEN ANY ENTITIES
 WITH JURISDICTION OVER OR OPERATING OF A CASHLESS TOLLING  FACILITY  FOR
 THE PURPOSE OF ADMINISTERING SUCH TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM.
   13.  DISPLAY  OF  TOLL  CHARGES. ANY TOLL THAT WILL BE CHARGED FOR THE
 USAGE OF ANY BRIDGE, TUNNEL, ROAD, OR ANY OTHER ENTITY  BY  A  PASSENGER
 MOTOR  VEHICLE  SHALL  BE  DISPLAYED  CONSPICUOUSLY  AND  PROMINENTLY ON
 SIGNAGE OF A REASONABLE  SIZE  IN  A  MANNER  REASONABLY  CALCULATED  TO
 PROVIDE AMPLE AND ADEQUATE NOTICE.
   14.  DEBT  COLLECTION.  (A)  ON  OR  AFTER  THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS
 SECTION, NO PUBLIC AUTHORITY WHICH OPERATES A CASHLESS TOLLING  FACILITY
 SHALL SELL OR TRANSFER ANY DEBT OWED TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY BY AN OWNER
 FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  TOLL  COLLECTION REGULATIONS TO A DEBT COLLECTION
 AGENCY UNLESS ONE YEAR HAS PASSED FROM THE  DATE  THE  OWNER  WAS  FOUND
 LIABLE  FOR THE VIOLATION OF TOLL COLLECTION REGULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH
 SUCH DEBT, OR THE OWNER HAS A TOTAL DEBT OWED TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY OF
 FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS OR MORE. THE AUTHORITY SHALL NOT SELL  OR  TRANSFER
 ANY  DEBT  TO  A  DEBT COLLECTION AGENCY UNLESS SUCH AUTHORITY HAS FIRST
 OBTAINED A DEFAULT JUDGMENT IN A COURT OR ADMINISTRATIVE  TRIBUNAL  WITH
 JURISDICTION OVER THE ASSESSED TOLL.
   (B) A NOTICE SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL ADVISING THE OWNER THAT
 THE DEBT DESCRIBED IN PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL BE SOLD OR

 S. 3587--B                          8
 
 TRANSFERRED  BY THE AUTHORITY TO A DEBT COLLECTION AGENCY ON A SPECIFIED
 DATE NO LESS THAN THIRTY DAYS PRIOR TO SUCH SALE OR TRANSFER.
   15.  INSTALLMENT  PAYMENT PLAN. EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A
 CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM, AND TOLLS
 BY MAIL PROGRAM SHALL PROMULGATE RULES AND REGULATIONS THAT ESTABLISH AN
 INSTALLMENT PAYMENT PLAN  FOR  THE  PAYMENT  OF  ANY  TOLL  AND  PENALTY
 INCURRED  AT  A  CASHLESS  TOLLING FACILITY. INFORMATION RELATED TO SUCH
 PLAN SHALL BE INCLUDED IN ANY TOLL BILL AND ANY NOTICE OF VIOLATION  AND
 SHALL  BE  DISPLAYED  CONSPICUOUSLY  ON  THE AUTHORITIES' WEBSITES. EACH
 OWNER, AT HIS OR HER ELECTION, MAY PARTICIPATE IN SUCH PLAN. THE  PUBLIC
 AUTHORITY  SHALL NOT CHARGE ANY ADDITIONAL FEES OR PENALTIES FOR ENROLL-
 MENT IN A PAYMENT PLAN.
   16. ANNUAL REPORT. EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT ADOPTS A  DEMONSTRATION
 PROGRAM  PURSUANT  TO  SUBDIVISION  TWO  OF THIS SECTION SHALL SUBMIT AN
 ANNUAL REPORT ON THE TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM TO THE GOVERNOR,  THE  TEMPO-
 RARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY AND POST ON
 ITS  WEBSITE ON OR BEFORE THE FIRST DAY OF JUNE SUCCEEDING THE EFFECTIVE
 DATE OF THIS SECTION AND ON THE SAME DATE IN  EACH  SUCCEEDING  YEAR  IN
 WHICH  THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IS OPERABLE. SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE,
 BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO:
   (A) THE LOCATIONS WHERE VEHICLE SENSORS FOR CASHLESS TOLLING  MONITOR-
 ING SYSTEMS WERE USED;
   (B) THE AGGREGATE NUMBER OF TOLLS PAID AT THE LOCATIONS WHERE CASHLESS
 TOLLING FACILITIES WERE USED, INCLUDING BOTH THROUGH THE USE OF AN OPER-
 ABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND THROUGH THE TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM;
   (C)  THE  NUMBER  OF  OWNERS THAT PAID THEIR TOLL THROUGH THE TOLLS BY
 MAIL PROGRAM;
   (D) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT PAID THEIR  TOLL  UPON  RECEIPT  OF  THE
 FIRST TOLL BILL;
   (E)  THE  NUMBER  OF  OWNERS  THAT PAID THEIR TOLL UPON RECEIPT OF THE
 SECOND TOLL BILL;
   (F) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT WERE CHARGED A FIVE DOLLAR FEE FOR  LATE
 PAYMENT  AND  THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF FEES FOR LATE PAYMENT COLLECTED BY
 THE AUTHORITY;
   (G) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT WERE CHARGED A PENALTY,  THE  AMOUNT  OF
 THE  PENALTY  CHARGED  TO  OWNERS  AND THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF PENALTIES
 COLLECTED BY THE AUTHORITY;
   (H) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT DISPUTED THE TOLL BILL,  THE  NUMBER  OF
 OWNERS  THAT SUCCESSFULLY DISPUTED SUCH TOLL BILL AND AN ITEMIZED BREAK-
 DOWN OF THE REASONS FOR SUCCESSFULLY DISPUTED TOLLS;
   (I) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT DISPUTED THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION AND THE
 NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT SUCCESSFULLY DISPUTED SUCH NOTICE OF VIOLATION;
   (J) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT PAID THEIR  TOLL  UPON  RECEIPT  OF  THE
 NOTICE OF VIOLATION;
   (K) THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF PENALTIES CHARGED TO OWNERS;
   (L)  A  COPY  OF  ALL  REGULATIONS THE REPORTING AUTHORITY PROMULGATED
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION;
   (M) THE NUMBER OF TOLLS ADJUDICATED  BY  EVERY  PUBLIC  AUTHORITY  AND
 COURT,  INCLUDING  ANY  APPEAL OF SUCH ADJUDICATIONS, AND THE RESULTS OF
 ALL ADJUDICATIONS INCLUDING BREAKDOWNS OF DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR  TOLLS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   (N)  THE  TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY SUCH AUTHORITY FROM SUCH
 ADJUDICATIONS;
   (O) EXPENSES INCURRED BY SUCH AUTHORITY IN CONNECTION WITH  THE  TOLLS
 BY MAIL PROGRAM;
   (P) THE NATURE OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS; AND

 S. 3587--B                          9
 
   (Q)  THE  NUMBER OF OWNERS WHOSE TOLL BILLS AND VIOLATION NOTICES WERE
 RETURNED TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY AS UNDELIVERABLE.
   §  5. a. Within 90 days of the effective date of this act, the Tribor-
 ough Bridge and Tunnel Authority organized pursuant to  section  552  of
 the  public  authorities  law shall implement an amnesty program for all
 persons who, with respect to any toll obligation incurred  on  or  after
 November 1, 2016 at a cashless tolling facility operated by the authori-
 ty,  (1) owe tolls, fines, fees, or penalties; (2) have been referred to
 a debt collection agency; or (3) have  had  their  vehicle  registration
 suspended.  Such  amnesty program shall be at least eight weeks in dura-
 tion and shall provide that upon an owner's payment  or  contesting  the
 outstanding  toll  balance  during  the amnesty period (1) the authority
 shall waive all fees, fines, and penalties associated with the outstand-
 ing toll balance, and (2) the authority shall advise the commissioner of
 motor vehicles, in such form and manner  that  such  commissioner  shall
 have  prescribed,  that  such  person has responded and any registration
 suspension shall be rescinded.
   b. The Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority shall undertake a public
 awareness campaign for such amnesty program, maintain a  public  website
 for  any  person  to  obtain information on any outstanding tolls and no
 later than 30 days preceding the commencement  of  the  amnesty  period,
 notify by first-class mail all persons with outstanding toll balances of
 their  eligibility  for the amnesty program. The authority shall provide
 for sufficient methods to pay the outstanding toll  balances,  including
 but not limited to, by phone, by mail, or through the internet.
   § 6. This act shall take effect on the one hundred twentieth day after
 it  shall have become a law; provided, however that sections three, four
 and five of this act shall expire 5 years after such effective date when
 upon such  date  such  provisions  of  such  sections  shall  be  deemed
 repealed.  Effective  immediately, the addition, amendment and/or repeal
 of any rule or regulation necessary for the implementation of  this  act
 on  its  effective  date  are  authorized to be made and completed on or
 before such effective date.

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  3587--C
 
                        2021-2022 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                             January 30, 2021
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sens. COMRIE, BIAGGI, REICHLIN-MELNICK -- read twice and
   ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee  on
   Transportation   --   committee   discharged,  bill  amended,  ordered
   reprinted as amended and recommitted to said  committee  --  committee
   discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted
   to said committee -- recommitted to the Committee on Transportation in
   accordance  with  Senate  Rule 6, sec. 8 -- committee discharged, bill
   amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted to said  commit-
   tee
 
 AN  ACT to amend the public authorities law, in relation to enacting the
   "toll payer protection act"; and providing for the repeal  of  certain
   provisions upon expiration thereof
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. This act shall be known and may be cited as the "toll payer
 protection act".
   § 2. Section 2985 of the public authorities law is designated to title
 11-A of article 9 of such law.
   § 3. Article 9 of the public authorities law is amended  by  adding  a
 new title 11-A to read as follows:
                                TITLE 11-A
                             TOLL COLLECTIONS
 SECTION 2985-A. TOLLS BY MAIL.
   § 2985-A. TOLLS BY MAIL. 1. APPLICABILITY. THIS SECTION SHALL APPLY TO
 THE TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM AND SHALL NOT APPLY TO THE PAYMENT OF TOLLS BY
 MEANS OF AN ELECTRONIC TOLL DEVICE THAT TRANSMITS INFORMATION THROUGH AN
 ELECTRONIC  TOLL  COLLECTION  SYSTEM AS DEFINED IN SUBDIVISION TWELVE OF
 SECTION TWENTY-NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-FIVE OF THIS TITLE.
   2. DEFINITIONS. FOR PURPOSES OF  THIS  SECTION,  THE  FOLLOWING  TERMS
 SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD02113-06-2
 S. 3587--C                          2
              

 
   (A)  "CASHLESS  TOLLING FACILITY" SHALL MEAN A TOLL HIGHWAY, BRIDGE OR
 TUNNEL FACILITY THAT DOES NOT PROVIDE FOR THE IMMEDIATE ON-SITE  PAYMENT
 IN CASH OF A TOLL OWED FOR THE USE OF SUCH FACILITY.
   (B)  "CASHLESS  TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A VEHICLE SENSOR
 WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES A RECORDED IMAGE OF A VEHICLE  AND  LICENSE
 PLATE  AT THE TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY
 AND WHOSE OWNER HAS INCURRED AN OBLIGATION TO PAY  A  TOLL  THROUGH  THE
 CASHLESS TOLLING PROGRAM.
   (C)  "DEBT COLLECTION AGENCY" SHALL MEAN A PERSON, FIRM OR CORPORATION
 ENGAGED IN BUSINESS, THE PRINCIPAL PURPOSE  OF  WHICH  IS  TO  REGULARLY
 COLLECT  OR  ATTEMPT TO COLLECT DEBTS OWED OR DUE OR ASSERTED TO BE OWED
 OR DUE TO ANOTHER AND SHALL ALSO INCLUDE A BUYER OF DELINQUENT DEBT  WHO
 SEEKS  TO  COLLECT  SUCH DEBT EITHER DIRECTLY OR THROUGH THE SERVICES OF
 ANOTHER BY, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED  TO,  INITIATING  OR  USING  LEGAL
 PROCESSES OR OTHER MEANS TO COLLECT OR ATTEMPT TO COLLECT SUCH DEBT.
   (D)  "ELECTRONIC  MEANS  OF  COMMUNICATION"  SHALL  INCLUDE BUT NOT BE
 LIMITED TO ELECTRONIC MAIL AND TEXT MESSAGING.
   (E) "ELECTRONIC  TOLL  COLLECTION  SYSTEM"  SHALL  MEAN  A  SYSTEM  OF
 COLLECTING  TOLLS  OR  CHARGES  WHICH  IS CAPABLE OF CHARGING AN ACCOUNT
 HOLDER THE APPROPRIATE TOLL OR CHARGE  BY  TRANSMISSION  OF  INFORMATION
 FROM  AN OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE ON A MOTOR VEHICLE TO THE TOLL LANE,
 WHICH INFORMATION IS USED TO CHARGE THE ACCOUNT THE APPROPRIATE TOLL  OR
 CHARGE.
   (F)  "LESSEE"  SHALL  MEAN ANY PERSON, CORPORATION, FIRM, PARTNERSHIP,
 AGENCY, ASSOCIATION, OR ORGANIZATION THAT RENTS, LEASES OR CONTRACTS FOR
 THE USE OF ONE OR MORE VEHICLES AND HAS EXCLUSIVE USE  THEREOF  FOR  ANY
 PERIOD OF TIME.
   (G)  "LESSOR"  SHALL  MEAN ANY PERSON, CORPORATION, FIRM, PARTNERSHIP,
 AGENCY, ASSOCIATION, OR ORGANIZATION ENGAGED IN THE BUSINESS OF  RENTING
 OR  LEASING  VEHICLES  TO  ANY LESSEE UNDER A RENTAL AGREEMENT, LEASE OR
 OTHERWISE WHEREIN SUCH LESSEE HAS THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF SUCH VEHICLE  FOR
 ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
   (H) "NOTICE OF VIOLATION" SHALL MEAN A NOTICE SENT TO AN OWNER NOTIFY-
 ING  SUCH  OWNER  THAT A TOLL INCURRED AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY BY
 THE OWNER HAS NOT BEEN PAID AT THE PLACE AND  TIME  AND  IN  THE  MANNER
 ESTABLISHED FOR COLLECTION OF SUCH TOLL IN THE TOLL BILL.
   (I)  "OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE" SHALL MEAN AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT
 SUCCESSFULLY TRANSMITS INFORMATION THROUGH AN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION
 SYSTEM.
   (J) "OWNER" SHALL MEAN ANY  PERSON,  CORPORATION,  PARTNERSHIP,  FIRM,
 AGENCY,  ASSOCIATION,  LESSOR OR ORGANIZATION WHO, AT THE TIME OF INCUR-
 RING AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL AT A  CASHLESS  TOLLING  FACILITY,  AND
 WITH RESPECT TO THE VEHICLE IDENTIFIED IN THE NOTICE OF TOLL DUE: (I) IS
 THE  BENEFICIAL OR EQUITABLE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE; OR (II) HAS TITLE TO
 SUCH VEHICLE; OR (III) IS THE REGISTRANT OR CO-REGISTRANT OF SUCH  VEHI-
 CLE  WHICH  IS  REGISTERED WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS
 STATE OR ANY OTHER STATE, TERRITORY, DISTRICT, PROVINCE, NATION OR OTHER
 JURISDICTION; OR (IV) IS SUBJECT TO THE LIMITATIONS SET FORTH IN  SUBDI-
 VISION  TEN  OF  SECTION  TWENTY-NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-FIVE OF THIS TITLE,
 USES SUCH VEHICLE IN ITS VEHICLE RENTING AND/OR LEASING BUSINESS; OR (V)
 IS A PERSON ENTITLED TO THE USE AND POSSESSION OF A VEHICLE SUBJECT TO A
 SECURITY INTEREST IN ANOTHER PERSON.
   (K) "PENALTY" SHALL MEAN ANY LATE PAYMENT FEES, CHARGES,  OR  MONETARY
 PENALTIES  IMPOSED BY A PUBLIC AUTHORITY, EXCLUSIVE OF ANY TOLL OR TOLLS
 INCURRED AT THE CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, FOR FAILURE TO TIMELY PAY  AN
 OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL.
 S. 3587--C                          3
 
   (L)  "TOLL  BILL"  SHALL MEAN A NOTICE SENT TO AN OWNER NOTIFYING SUCH
 OWNER THAT THE OWNER'S VEHICLE HAS BEEN USED OR OPERATED AT  A  CASHLESS
 TOLLING  FACILITY,  CROSSED A CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM WITHOUT
 AN OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND HAS INCURRED AN OBLIGATION  TO  PAY  A
 TOLL.
   (M)  "TOLLS  BY MAIL PROGRAM" SHALL MEAN ANY PROGRAM OPERATED BY OR ON
 BEHALF OF A PUBLIC AUTHORITY TO IDENTIFY VEHICLES THAT CROSS  THROUGH  A
 CASHLESS  TOLLING  FACILITY WITHOUT AN OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND TO
 SEND A TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION TO THE OWNER OF THE VEHICLE.
   (N) "VIOLATION" SHALL MEAN THE FAILURE OF THE OWNER TO TIMELY  RESPOND
 TO A TOLL BILL.
   3.  AUTHORIZATION  FOR CASHLESS TOLLING. (A) NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER
 PROVISION OF LAW, EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A  TOLL  HIGHWAY,
 BRIDGE  AND/OR  TUNNEL  FACILITY  AND  IS AUTHORIZED PURSUANT TO SECTION
 TWENTY-NINE  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-FIVE  OF  THIS  TITLE  TO  PROMULGATE  TOLL
 COLLECTION  REGULATIONS  AND TO IMPOSE MONETARY LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TO
 COMPLY WITH SUCH REGULATIONS IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED AND EMPOWERED TO OPER-
 ATE A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM FOR UTILIZATION OF CASHLESS TOLLING  FACILI-
 TIES,  CASHLESS  TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEMS, AND A TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM
 AND TO IMPOSE MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE  FOR  FAILURE
 TO  COMPLY WITH THE TOLL COLLECTION REGULATIONS OF SUCH PUBLIC AUTHORITY
 SO LONG AS EACH PUBLIC AUTHORITY COMPLIES WITH THE  PROVISIONS  OF  THIS
 SECTION. SUCH PUBLIC AUTHORITY SHALL PROMULGATE REGULATIONS ESTABLISHING
 A  DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM FOR THE UTILIZATION OF CASHLESS TOLLING FACILI-
 TIES, CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEMS, AND A TOLLS BY  MAIL  PROGRAM
 THAT  COMPLY  WITH  THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION. SUCH REGULATIONS MAY
 IMPOSE MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER  OF  A  VEHICLE  FOR  FAILURE  TO
 COMPLY  WITH SUCH REGULATIONS. NO PUBLIC AUTHORITY SHALL OWN, OPERATE OR
 OTHERWISE FACILITATE A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, CASHLESS TOLLING MONI-
 TORING SYSTEM, OR TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM WITHOUT FIRST PROMULGATING REGU-
 LATIONS PURSUANT TO AND IN COMPLIANCE WITH THIS SECTION.
   (B) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES TO
 ENSURE, TO THE EXTENT PRACTICABLE, THAT RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH
 CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT  IDEN-
 TIFY  THE DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF A VEHICLE. HOWEVER,
 NO TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION  ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION
 SHALL  BE  INVALID  SOLELY BECAUSE A RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDEN-
 TIFICATION OF THE CONTENTS OF  A  VEHICLE,  PROVIDED  THAT  SUCH  PUBLIC
 AUTHORITY  HAS MADE A REASONABLE EFFORT TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
 THIS PARAGRAPH.
   (C) EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A CASHLESS  TOLLING  FACILITY
 SHALL  UNDERTAKE  A  PUBLIC  AWARENESS CAMPAIGN REGARDING THE USE OF AND
 PROCESS INVOLVED WITH THE PAYMENT OF TOLLS AT CASHLESS  TOLLING  FACILI-
 TIES.  EACH PUBLIC AUTHORITY SHALL PROVIDE SUFFICIENT METHODS FOR OWNERS
 TO  OBTAIN  AN  OPERABLE  ELECTRONIC  DEVICE  FOR  THE  ELECTRONIC  TOLL
 COLLECTION SYSTEM, INCLUDING MAKING SUCH DEVICES AVAILABLE AT  ALL  REST
 AREAS OWNED OR OPERATED BY EACH AUTHORITY.
   (D)  EVERY  PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY
 SHALL MAINTAIN A WEBSITE AND TOLL-FREE PHONE NUMBER FOR  ANY  PERSON  TO
 OBTAIN  CURRENT INFORMATION ON ANY OUTSTANDING TOLLS AND SHALL IMPLEMENT
 A SYSTEM TO NOTIFY THOSE OWNERS WHO SO REQUEST BY  ELECTRONIC  MEANS  OF
 COMMUNICATION  ABOUT  TOLLS AS THEY ARE INCURRED. SUCH WEBSITE AND PHONE
 NUMBER SHALL BE PRINTED ON ANY TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION.
   4. OWNER LIABILITY.  (A)  WITHIN  THE  JURISDICTION  OF  EVERY  PUBLIC
 AUTHORITY  WHICH  HAS  PROMULGATED  REGULATIONS  PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION
 THREE OF THIS SECTION:  (I) THE OWNER SHALL INCUR AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A
 S. 3587--C                          4
 
 TOLL WHEN THE OWNER'S VEHICLE CROSSES THROUGH A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILI-
 TY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED  OR  OPERATED  WITH
 THE  PERMISSION OF THE OWNER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND SUCH OBLIGATION IS
 EVIDENCED  BY  INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM THE CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING
 SYSTEM; OR (II) THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL INCUR AN OBLIGATION TO  PAY
 A  TOLL WHEN SUCH VEHICLE CROSSES A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY WITHOUT AN
 OPERABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND IS IDENTIFIED BY A CASHLESS TOLLING MONI-
 TORING SYSTEM.
   (B) THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A CIVIL PENALTY IMPOSED
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH OWNER INCURRED AN OBLIGATION TO  PAY  A
 TOLL  AND  FAILS TO TIMELY PAY OR RESPOND TO SUCH TOLL IN THE MANNER SET
 FORTH IN THE TOLL BILL IN ACCORDANCE WITH  THIS  SECTION  AND  SHALL  BE
 LIABLE  FOR PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PENALTIES SET FORTH HEREIN.
 PROVIDED, HOWEVER, NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR  A  PENALTY
 IMPOSED  PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS
 BEEN CONVICTED OF A VIOLATION OF TOLL  COLLECTION  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE
 SAME INCIDENT.
   5.  TOLL  BILLS  AND  NOTICES  OF VIOLATION. (A) TOLL BILL. THE PUBLIC
 AUTHORITY SHALL WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF AN OWNER INCURRING  AN  OBLIGATION
 TO  PAY  A  TOLL SEND A TOLL BILL BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL TO SUCH OWNER. (I)
 WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THE MAILING OF THE TOLL BILL THE OWNER  SHALL  (A)
 PAY  THE  TOLL,  WITHOUT  LIABILITY FOR ANY PENALTY, OR (B) CONTEST SUCH
 TOLL BILL. (II) THE  TOLL  BILL  SHALL  INCLUDE:  (A)  THE  DATE,  TIME,
 LOCATION,  LICENSE  PLATE NUMBER AND VEHICLE REGISTRATION FOR EACH TOLL;
 (B) THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF THE TOLL DUE; (C) THE DATE  BY  WHICH  THE  TOLL
 MUST  BE  PAID;  (D)  THE  ADDRESS FOR RECEIPT OF PAYMENT AND METHODS OF
 PAYMENT FOR SUCH TOLL BILL; (E) THE PROCEDURE FOR CONTESTING  ANY  TOLL;
 (F)  INFORMATION  RELATED  TO  THE FAILURE TO TIMELY PAY OR RESPOND TO A
 TOLL BILL; (G) THE WEBSITE ADDRESS OR HYPERLINK FOR THE OWNER TO  ACCESS
 TIME-STAMPED  PHOTOGRAPHS  OR FOOTAGE OF EACH TOLL INCURRED; AND (H) ANY
 OTHER INFORMATION REQUIRED BY LAW OR BY THE AUTHORITY. IF  AN  AUTHORITY
 FAILS  TO SEND A TOLL BILL AS SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION, THE OWNER SHALL
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR PAYMENT OF THE TOLLS, OR ANY PENALTY.
   (B) SECOND TOLL BILL. IF AN OWNER FAILS TO  RESPOND  TO  A  TOLL  BILL
 WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THE MAILING OF SUCH TOLL BILL, THE PUBLIC AUTHORI-
 TY  SHALL SEND A SECOND TOLL BILL BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL WITHIN THIRTY DAYS
 OF THE DATE THE OWNER WAS REQUIRED TO RESPOND TO SUCH  TOLL  BILL.  SUCH
 SECOND TOLL BILL MAY INCLUDE A PENALTY FOR LATE PAYMENT, WHICH SHALL NOT
 EXCEED  FIVE  DOLLARS  AND SHALL INCLUDE ALL OF THE INFORMATION REQUIRED
 FOR A TOLL BILL PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION.    WITHIN
 THIRTY  DAYS  OF THE MAILING OF THE SECOND TOLL BILL THE OWNER SHALL (I)
 PAY THE ASSESSED TOLL AND ANY PENALTY PROVIDED IN SUCH NOTICE,  OR  (II)
 CONTEST TOLL BILL.
   (C) NOTICE OF VIOLATION. IF AN OWNER FAILS TO RESPOND TO A SECOND TOLL
 BILL  WITHIN  THIRTY  DAYS  OF THE MAILING OF SUCH SECOND TOLL BILL, THE
 PUBLIC AUTHORITY SHALL SEND BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL A  NOTICE  OF  VIOLATION
 WITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF THE DATE THE OWNER WAS REQUIRED TO RESPOND TO SUCH
 SECOND  TOLL  BILL.  (I)  THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE: (A) THE
 DATE, TIME, LOCATION, LICENSE PLATE NUMBER AND VEHICLE REGISTRATION  FOR
 EACH TOLL; (B) THE ASSESSED TOLL AND THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ALL OUTSTANDING
 TOLLS AND PENALTIES AS AUTHORIZED BY THIS SECTION; (C) THE DATE BY WHICH
 PAYMENT  OF SUCH AMOUNTS ARE DUE; (D) THE ADDRESS FOR RECEIPT OF PAYMENT
 AND METHODS OF PAYMENT FOR  THE  AMOUNTS  DUE;  (E)  THE  PROCEDURE  FOR
 CONTESTING  ANY  SUCH AMOUNTS; (F) INFORMATION RELATED TO THE FAILURE TO
 TIMELY PAY OR RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF VIOLATION; (G) THE WEBSITE  ADDRESS
 OR HYPERLINK FOR THE OWNER TO ACCESS TIME-STAMPED PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOOTAGE
 S. 3587--C                          5
 
 OF  EACH TOLL INCURRED; AND (H) ANY OTHER INFORMATION REQUIRED BY LAW OR
 BY THE AUTHORITY. THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION MAY INCLUDE  A  PENALTY  WHICH
 SHALL  BE TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS OR TWO TIMES THE TOLL EVADED, WHICHEVER IS
 GREATER.  IF THE AUTHORITY FAILS TO SEND A TIMELY NOTICE OF VIOLATION AS
 SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION, THE OWNER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR PAYMENT  OF
 THE  ALLEGED TOLLS OR ANY PENALTY. (II) THE OWNER SHALL HAVE THIRTY DAYS
 FROM THE DATE SUCH NOTICE OF VIOLATION WAS SENT TO (A) PAY THE  ASSESSED
 TOLL  AND  PENALTIES,  OR  (B)  CONTEST THE NOTICE. IF AN OWNER FAILS TO
 RESPOND TO THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION, THE OWNER SHALL BE  LIABLE  FOR  THE
 ASSESSED TOLL AND ANY PENALTY AS PROVIDED IN SUCH NOTICE.
   (D)  ELECTRONIC  NOTICE.  ANY TOLL BILL REQUIRED BY THIS SECTION TO BE
 SENT BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL MAY INSTEAD BE  SENT  BY  ELECTRONIC  MEANS  OF
 COMMUNICATION  UPON  THE  AFFIRMATIVE  CONSENT  OF  THE  OWNER IN A FORM
 PRESCRIBED BY THE AUTHORITY. PROVIDED THAT, NOTWITHSTANDING THIS  SUBDI-
 VISION,  A  TOLL BILL SENT BY ELECTRONIC MEANS OF COMMUNICATION SHALL BE
 SENT WITHIN SEVENTY-TWO HOURS OF AN OWNER INCURRING AN OBLIGATION TO PAY
 A TOLL. ANY NOTICE OF VIOLATION REQUIRED BY THIS SECTION TO BE  SENT  BY
 FIRST-CLASS  MAIL  MAY  IN ADDITION TO FIRST-CLASS MAIL BE SENT BY ELEC-
 TRONIC MEANS OF COMMUNICATION UPON THE AFFIRMATIVE CONSENT OF THE  OWNER
 IN  A  FORM PRESCRIBED BY THE AUTHORITY. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF
 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS PREPARED IN THE ORDINARY  COURSE  OF  BUSINESS
 SHALL BE SUFFICIENT RECORD OF ELECTRONIC NOTICE. ANY AFFIRMATIVE CONSENT
 TO  RECEIVE A TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION BY ELECTRONIC MEANS SHALL
 BE REVOCABLE BY THE OWNER AT ANY TIME WITH NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORI-
 TY OR ITS AGENT AND SHALL AUTOMATICALLY BE DEEMED REVOKED IF THE AUTHOR-
 ITY OR ITS AGENT IS UNABLE TO DELIVER TWO CONSECUTIVE NOTICES  BY  ELEC-
 TRONIC MEANS OF COMMUNICATION.
   6.  PROCEDURE  TO  CONTEST. (A) EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT OPERATES A
 CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM, AND TOLLS
 BY MAIL PROGRAM SHALL PROMULGATE REGULATIONS ESTABLISHING A PROCEDURE BY
 WHICH A PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE FOR THE  PAYMENT  OF  A  TOLL  OR  A
 VIOLATION  MAY  (I)  CONTEST  SUCH  ALLEGED  LIABILITY,  (II) SUBMIT THE
 CONTEST TO A HEARING, AND (III) HAVE THE RIGHT TO APPEAL.
   (B) EVERY TOLL BILL AND NOTICE OF VIOLATION SHALL ON ITS  FACE  ADVISE
 THE OWNER OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH TO CONTEST THE TOLL OR ANY
 VIOLATION  AND  ALSO  CONTAIN  A  WARNING THAT FAILURE TO CONTEST IN THE
 MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF  LIABILITY  AND
 THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   7.  ADJUDICATION  OF  LIABILITY.  ADJUDICATION OF AN OWNER'S LIABILITY
 SHALL BE BY THE ENTITY HAVING JURISDICTION  OVER  THE  CASHLESS  TOLLING
 FACILITY  OR,  WHERE  AUTHORIZED, BY AN ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL; AND ALL
 SUCH LIABILITY DETERMINATIONS SHALL BE HEARD AND DETERMINED EITHER:  (A)
 IN THE COUNTY IN WHICH THE OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL THROUGH THE CASHLESS
 TOLLING  PROGRAM  WAS ALLEGED TO OCCUR, OR (B) WHERE THE TOLL IS ALLEGED
 TO HAVE BEEN INCURRED IN NEW YORK CITY AND, UPON  THE  CONSENT  OF  BOTH
 PARTIES, IN ANY COUNTY WITHIN NEW YORK CITY IN WHICH THE PUBLIC AUTHORI-
 TY OPERATES OR MAINTAINS A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY. SUCH ADJUDICATIONS
 SHALL  BE  HEARD  AND  DETERMINED IN THE SAME MANNER AS CHARGES OF OTHER
 REGULATORY VIOLATIONS OF SUCH PUBLIC AUTHORITY OR PURSUANT TO THE  RULES
 AND REGULATIONS OF SUCH ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL AS THE CASE MAY BE.
   8.  EVIDENCE  OF  OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL OR VIOLATION. (A) A CERTIF-
 ICATE SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY AN AGENT OF  THE  PUBLIC  AUTHORITY  WHICH
 CHARGED  THAT A LIABILITY FOR AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL OR A VIOLATION
 HAS BEEN INCURRED, OR A  FACSIMILE  THEREOF  BASED  UPON  INSPECTION  OF
 RECORDED  IMAGES  PRODUCED BY A CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL
 BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS  CONTAINED  THEREIN  AND  SHALL  BE
 S. 3587--C                          6

 ADMISSIBLE  IN  ANY  PROCEEDING  CHARGING  A  LIABILITY  FOR A TOLL OR A
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (B) ANY SUCH RECORDED IMAGES AND CERTIFICATE EVIDENCING SUCH LIABILITY
 SHALL  BE  AVAILABLE TO THE OWNER UPON REQUEST FOR INSPECTION AND ADMIS-
 SION INTO EVIDENCE IN ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE SUCH LIABILITY.
   (C) ANY LIABILITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE BASED UPON
 A PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE AS SUBMITTED.
   9. DEFENSES. IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY
 FOR A TOLL AND/OR VIOLATION THAT:
   (A) THE VEHICLE WAS NOT USED OR OPERATED IN VIOLATION OF THIS  SECTION
 OR THE REGULATIONS PROMULGATED HEREUNDER;
   (B)  THE  VEHICLE  WAS  USED OR OPERATED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE
 OWNER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED;
   (C) THE RECIPIENT OF A TOLL BILL OR NOTICE OF VIOLATION  WAS  NOT  THE
 OWNER  OF  THE  VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME  THE  OBLIGATION  TO PAY THE TOLL
 OCCURRED;
   (D) THE VEHICLE HAD BEEN STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE  OBLIGATION  WAS
 INCURRED  AND  WAS  NOT  IN  THE POSSESSION OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME THE
 OBLIGATION WAS INCURRED. FOR THE PURPOSES OF ASSERTING THIS DEFENSE,  IT
 SHALL  BE  SUFFICIENT  THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE
 STOLEN VEHICLE IS SUBMITTED TO THE  PUBLIC  AUTHORITY,  COURT  OR  OTHER
 ENTITY HAVING JURISDICTION;
   (E)  THE  VEHICLE  HAD  BEEN  LEASED  AT  THE  TIME THE OBLIGATION WAS
 INCURRED.  FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSERTING THIS DEFENSE, IT SHALL BE SUFFI-
 CIENT THAT A COPY OF THE RENTAL LEASE OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT  COVER-
 ING  THE VEHICLE ON THE DATE AND TIME THE TOLL WAS INCURRED IS SUBMITTED
 TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY, COURT OR OTHER ENTITY HAVING JURISDICTION WITH-
 IN THIRTY DAYS OF THE LESSOR RECEIVING THE ORIGINAL TOLL BILL OR  NOTICE
 OF  VIOLATION.  SUCH  DOCUMENT SHALL INCLUDE THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
 LESSEE. FAILURE TO TIMELY SUBMIT SUCH  INFORMATION  SHALL  CONSTITUTE  A
 WAIVER OF THIS DEFENSE. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF
 THIS  SECTION, THE LESSEE SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF THE VEHICLE
 FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY  PURSUANT
 TO  THIS  SECTION,  PROVIDED THAT THE AUTHORITY MAILS A TOLL BILL TO THE
 LESSEE WITHIN TEN DAYS AFTER THE COURT OR OTHER ENTITY HAVING  JURISDIC-
 TION, DEEMS THE LESSEE TO BE THE OWNER.
   10.  FINDING  OF VIOLATION. (A) ANY LIABILITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR AND SHALL NOT BE
 MADE PART OF THE MOTOR  VEHICLE  OPERATING  RECORD,  MAINTAINED  BY  THE
 COMMISSIONER  OF MOTOR VEHICLES PURSUANT TO THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW,
 OF THE PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT  BE  USED
 FOR  INSURANCE  PURPOSES  IN  THE  PROVISION  OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE
 COVERAGE.
   (B) NOTWITHSTANDING THE PROVISIONS OF ANY OTHER LAW,  ORDER,  RULE  OR
 REGULATION  TO THE CONTRARY, NO REGISTRATION OF ANY NON-COMMERCIAL MOTOR
 VEHICLE MAY BE SUSPENDED, REVOKED OR DENIED RENEWAL  RESULTING  FROM  AN
 OBLIGATION  TO PAY A TOLL AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY AS DESCRIBED IN
 THIS SECTION AND THE COMMISSIONER OF MOTOR VEHICLES SHALL  NOT  SUSPEND,
 REVOKE  OR  DENY  RENEWAL  OF THE REGISTRATION OF A NON-COMMERCIAL MOTOR
 VEHICLE RESULTING FROM AN OBLIGATION TO PAY A TOLL AT A CASHLESS TOLLING
 FACILITY AS DESCRIBED IN THIS SECTION UNLESS SUCH OWNER IS FOUND  LIABLE
 FOR  FAILURE TO PAY OR RESPOND TO FIVE OR MORE NOTICES OF UNRELATED TOLL
 BILLS OR IS LIABLE FOR  NO  LESS  THAN  ONE  HUNDRED  FIFTY  DOLLARS  IN
 OUTSTANDING TOLL BILLS WITHIN AN EIGHTEEN MONTH PERIOD.
   11.  INDEMNIFICATION.  ANY  OWNER WHO IS FOUND LIABLE PURSUANT TO THIS
 SECTION WHO WAS NOT THE OPERATOR OF THE VEHICLE AT THE  TIME  THE  OBLI-
 S. 3587--C                          7
 
 GATION  TO PAY THE TOLL WAS INCURRED MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNI-
 FICATION AGAINST THE OPERATOR.
   12.  DATA  PROTECTION. (A) NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW,
 ALL IMAGES, VIDEOS AND OTHER RECORDED IMAGES COLLECTED BY THE  AUTHORITY
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF SUCH AUTHORI-
 TY  IN  THE  DISCHARGE OF ITS DUTIES UNDER THIS SECTION AND SHALL NOT BE
 OPEN TO THE PUBLIC NOR BE USED IN ANY COURT IN ANY ACTION OR  PROCEEDING
 PENDING  THEREIN UNLESS SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATES TO THE IMPOSI-
 TION OF OR INDEMNIFICATION FOR LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (B) THE AUTHORITY, INCLUDING ANY SUBSIDIARY OR CONTRACTOR INVOLVED  IN
 IMPLEMENTING  OR OPERATING AN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEM OR TOLLS
 BY MAIL PROGRAM, SHALL NOT SELL, DISTRIBUTE OR  MAKE  AVAILABLE  IN  ANY
 WAY, THE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF ANY OWNER THAT PARTICIPATES IN THE TOLLS
 BY  MAIL  PROGRAM,  PROVIDED THAT THE FOREGOING RESTRICTION SHALL NOT BE
 DEEMED TO PRECLUDE THE EXCHANGE OF SUCH INFORMATION BETWEEN ANY ENTITIES
 WITH JURISDICTION OVER OR OPERATING OF A CASHLESS TOLLING  FACILITY  FOR
 THE PURPOSE OF ADMINISTERING SUCH TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM.
   13.  DISPLAY  OF  TOLL  CHARGES. ANY TOLL THAT WILL BE CHARGED FOR THE
 USAGE OF ANY BRIDGE, TUNNEL, ROAD, OR ANY OTHER ENTITY  BY  A  PASSENGER
 MOTOR  VEHICLE  SHALL  BE  DISPLAYED  CONSPICUOUSLY  AND  PROMINENTLY ON
 SIGNAGE OF A REASONABLE  SIZE  IN  A  MANNER  REASONABLY  CALCULATED  TO
 PROVIDE AMPLE AND ADEQUATE NOTICE.
   14.  DEBT  COLLECTION.  (A)  ON  OR  AFTER  THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS
 SECTION, NO PUBLIC AUTHORITY WHICH OPERATES A CASHLESS TOLLING  FACILITY
 SHALL SELL OR TRANSFER ANY DEBT OWED TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY BY AN OWNER
 FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  TOLL  COLLECTION REGULATIONS TO A DEBT COLLECTION
 AGENCY UNLESS ONE YEAR HAS PASSED FROM THE  DATE  THE  OWNER  WAS  FOUND
 LIABLE  FOR THE VIOLATION OF TOLL COLLECTION REGULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH
 SUCH DEBT, OR THE OWNER HAS A TOTAL DEBT OWED TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY OF
 FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS OR MORE. THE AUTHORITY SHALL NOT SELL  OR  TRANSFER
 ANY  DEBT  TO  A  DEBT COLLECTION AGENCY UNLESS SUCH AUTHORITY HAS FIRST
 OBTAINED A DEFAULT JUDGMENT IN A COURT OR ADMINISTRATIVE  TRIBUNAL  WITH
 JURISDICTION OVER THE ASSESSED TOLL.
   (B) A NOTICE SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST-CLASS MAIL ADVISING THE OWNER THAT
 THE DEBT DESCRIBED IN PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL BE SOLD OR
 TRANSFERRED  BY THE AUTHORITY TO A DEBT COLLECTION AGENCY ON A SPECIFIED
 DATE NO LESS THAN THIRTY DAYS PRIOR TO SUCH SALE OR TRANSFER.
   15. INSTALLMENT PAYMENT PLAN. EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT  OPERATES  A
 CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY, CASHLESS TOLLING MONITORING SYSTEM, AND TOLLS
 BY MAIL PROGRAM SHALL PROMULGATE RULES AND REGULATIONS THAT ESTABLISH AN
 INSTALLMENT  PAYMENT  PLAN  FOR  THE  PAYMENT  OF  ANY  TOLL AND PENALTY
 INCURRED AT A CASHLESS TOLLING FACILITY.  INFORMATION  RELATED  TO  SUCH
 PLAN  SHALL BE INCLUDED IN ANY TOLL BILL AND ANY NOTICE OF VIOLATION AND
 SHALL BE DISPLAYED CONSPICUOUSLY  ON  THE  AUTHORITIES'  WEBSITES.  EACH
 OWNER,  AT HIS OR HER ELECTION, MAY PARTICIPATE IN SUCH PLAN. THE PUBLIC
 AUTHORITY SHALL NOT CHARGE ANY ADDITIONAL FEES OR PENALTIES FOR  ENROLL-
 MENT IN A PAYMENT PLAN.
   16.  ANNUAL REPORT. EVERY PUBLIC AUTHORITY THAT ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION
 PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION TWO OF  THIS  SECTION  SHALL  SUBMIT  AN
 ANNUAL  REPORT  ON THE TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPO-
 RARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY AND POST ON
 ITS WEBSITE ON OR BEFORE THE FIRST DAY OF JUNE SUCCEEDING THE  EFFECTIVE
 DATE  OF  THIS  SECTION  AND ON THE SAME DATE IN EACH SUCCEEDING YEAR IN
 WHICH THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IS OPERABLE. SUCH REPORT SHALL  INCLUDE,
 BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO:
 S. 3587--C                          8
 
   (A)  THE LOCATIONS WHERE VEHICLE SENSORS FOR CASHLESS TOLLING MONITOR-
 ING SYSTEMS WERE USED;
   (B) THE AGGREGATE NUMBER OF TOLLS PAID AT THE LOCATIONS WHERE CASHLESS
 TOLLING FACILITIES WERE USED, INCLUDING BOTH THROUGH THE USE OF AN OPER-
 ABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND THROUGH THE TOLLS BY MAIL PROGRAM;
   (C)  THE  NUMBER  OF  OWNERS THAT PAID THEIR TOLL THROUGH THE TOLLS BY
 MAIL PROGRAM;
   (D) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT PAID THEIR  TOLL  UPON  RECEIPT  OF  THE
 FIRST TOLL BILL;
   (E)  THE  NUMBER  OF  OWNERS  THAT PAID THEIR TOLL UPON RECEIPT OF THE
 SECOND TOLL BILL;
   (F) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT WERE CHARGED A FIVE DOLLAR FEE FOR  LATE
 PAYMENT  AND  THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF FEES FOR LATE PAYMENT COLLECTED BY
 THE AUTHORITY;
   (G) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT WERE CHARGED A PENALTY,  THE  AMOUNT  OF
 THE  PENALTY  CHARGED  TO  OWNERS  AND THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF PENALTIES
 COLLECTED BY THE AUTHORITY;
   (H) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT DISPUTED THE TOLL BILL,  THE  NUMBER  OF
 OWNERS  THAT SUCCESSFULLY DISPUTED SUCH TOLL BILL AND AN ITEMIZED BREAK-
 DOWN OF THE REASONS FOR SUCCESSFULLY DISPUTED TOLLS;
   (I) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT DISPUTED THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION AND THE
 NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT SUCCESSFULLY DISPUTED SUCH NOTICE OF VIOLATION;
   (J) THE NUMBER OF OWNERS THAT PAID THEIR  TOLL  UPON  RECEIPT  OF  THE
 NOTICE OF VIOLATION;
   (K) THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF PENALTIES CHARGED TO OWNERS;
   (L)  A  COPY  OF  ALL  REGULATIONS THE REPORTING AUTHORITY PROMULGATED
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION;
   (M) THE NUMBER OF TOLLS ADJUDICATED  BY  EVERY  PUBLIC  AUTHORITY  AND
 COURT,  INCLUDING  ANY  APPEAL OF SUCH ADJUDICATIONS, AND THE RESULTS OF
 ALL ADJUDICATIONS INCLUDING BREAKDOWNS OF DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR  TOLLS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   (N)  THE  TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY SUCH AUTHORITY FROM SUCH
 ADJUDICATIONS;
   (O) EXPENSES INCURRED BY SUCH AUTHORITY IN CONNECTION WITH  THE  TOLLS
 BY MAIL PROGRAM;
   (P) THE NATURE OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS; AND
   (Q)  THE  NUMBER OF OWNERS WHOSE TOLL BILLS AND VIOLATION NOTICES WERE
 RETURNED TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY AS UNDELIVERABLE.
   § 4. a. Within 90 days of the effective date of this act, the  Tribor-
 ough  Bridge  and  Tunnel Authority organized pursuant to section 552 of
 the public authorities law shall implement an amnesty  program  for  all
 persons  who,  with  respect to any toll obligation incurred on or after
 November 1, 2016 at a cashless tolling facility operated by the authori-
 ty, (1) owe tolls, fines, fees, or penalties; (2) have been referred  to
 a  debt  collection  agency;  or (3) have had their vehicle registration
 suspended. Such amnesty program shall be at least eight weeks  in  dura-
 tion  and  shall  provide that upon an owner's payment or contesting the
 outstanding toll balance during the amnesty  period  (1)  the  authority
 shall waive all fees, fines, and penalties associated with the outstand-
 ing toll balance, and (2) the authority shall advise the commissioner of
 motor  vehicles,  in  such  form and manner that such commissioner shall
 have prescribed, that such person has  responded  and  any  registration
 suspension shall be rescinded.
   b. The Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority shall undertake a public
 awareness  campaign  for such amnesty program, maintain a public website
 for any person to obtain information on any  outstanding  tolls  and  no
 S. 3587--C                          9

 later  than  30  days  preceding the commencement of the amnesty period,
 notify by first-class mail all persons with outstanding toll balances of
 their eligibility for the amnesty program. The authority  shall  provide
 for  sufficient  methods to pay the outstanding toll balances, including
 but not limited to, by phone, by mail, or through the internet.
   § 5. This act shall take effect on the one hundred twentieth day after
 it shall have become a law; provided, however that sections  two,  three
 and four of this act shall expire 5 years after such effective date when
 upon  such  date  such  provisions  of  such  sections  shall  be deemed
 repealed. Effective immediately, the addition, amendment  and/or  repeal
 of  any  rule or regulation necessary for the implementation of this act
 on its effective date are authorized to be  made  and  completed  on  or
 before such effective date.