S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  8902--A
 
                           I N  A S S E M B L Y
 
                             January 26, 2024
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  M.  of  A.  CUNNINGHAM  -- read once and referred to the
   Committee on Transportation -- recommitted to the Committee on  Trans-
   portation  in  accordance  with  Assembly  Rule 3, sec. 2 -- committee
   discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted
   to said committee
 
 AN ACT to amend the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  in  relation  to  owner
   liability  for  failure  of an operator to comply with street cleaning
   parking rules; to amend the public officers law, in relation to access
   to records prepared pursuant to street  cleaning  parking  rules;  and
   providing for the repeal of certain provisions upon expiration thereof
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. The vehicle and traffic law is  amended  by  adding  a  new
 section 1111-h to read as follows:
   §  1111-H.  OWNER LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING
 PARKING RULES. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION  OF  LAW,  THE
 CITY  OF  NEW  YORK  IS  HEREBY  AUTHORIZED AND EMPOWERED TO ESTABLISH A
 PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR  FAIL-
 URE TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES IN SUCH CITY IN ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION. THE NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT
 OF SANITATION, FOR PURPOSES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUCH PROGRAM, SHALL
 OPERATE STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES ON STREET  CLEANING  VEHI-
 CLES ALONG ALL STREET CLEANING ROUTES IN SUCH CITY.
   2. THE CITY OF NEW YORK SHALL ADOPT AND ENFORCE MEASURES:
   (I) TO ENSURE, TO THE EXTENT PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS PRODUCED BY
 SUCH STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT
 IDENTIFY  ANY PERSON OR PERSONS WHO MAY BE OCCUPYING THE VEHICLE, OR THE
 CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. HOWEVER, A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED  PURSUANT
 TO  THIS  SECTION  SHALL NOT BE DISMISSED SOLELY BECAUSE A PHOTOGRAPH OR
 PHOTOGRAPHS ALLOW FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF A PERSON OR PERSONS WHO  MAY
 BE OCCUPYING THE VEHICLE OR THE CONTENTS OF A VEHICLE;
   (II)  TO  UPGRADE  SIGNAGE AT REGULAR INTERVALS WITHIN STREET CLEANING
 ROUTES STATING THAT STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES  ARE  USED  TO
 ENFORCE STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES ALONG SUCH ROUTES; AND
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
              

                                                            LBD13521-04-4
 A. 8902--A                          2
 
   (III)  TO PROHIBIT THE USE OR DISSEMINATION OF VEHICLES' LICENSE PLATE
 INFORMATION AND OTHER INFORMATION AND IMAGES CAPTURED BY STREET CLEANING
 VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES EXCEPT: (A) AS  REQUIRED  TO  ESTABLISH  LIABILITY
 UNDER  THIS  SECTION OR COLLECT PAYMENT OF PENALTIES; (B) AS REQUIRED BY
 COURT ORDER; OR (C) AS OTHERWISE REQUIRED BY LAW.
   (B)  IF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW YORK HAS ESTABLISHED A PROGRAM PURSUANT TO
 SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE  LIABLE
 FOR  A  PENALTY  IMPOSED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS
 PARKED IN VIOLATION OF ANY STREET CLEANING PARKING RULE OF SUCH CITY AND
 SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A STREET CLEAN-
 ING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICE.
   (C) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL  HAVE  THE
 FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1.  "OWNER"  SHALL  HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS
 CHAPTER.
   2. "STREET CLEANING ROUTES" SHALL MEAN STREET CLEANING  ROUTES  DESIG-
 NATED  BY  THE  NEW  YORK  CITY  DEPARTMENT  OF  SANITATION THAT INCLUDE
 UPGRADED SIGNAGE STATING THAT STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES  ARE
 USED TO ENFORCE STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES.
   3.  "STREET  CLEANING PARKING RULES" SHALL MEAN THE PROHIBITED PARKING
 OF ANY VEHICLE ON ONE SIDE OF THE STREET TO ALLOW FOR  CLEANING  BY  THE
 NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION DURING DESIGNATED TIME PERIODS AS
 POSTED BY SIGN.
   4.  "STREET  CLEANING  VEHICLE" SHALL MEAN ANY VEHICLE OPERATED BY THE
 NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION THAT IS DESIGNED TO WASH DIRT AND
 GRIME, AND REMOVE LITTER AND DEBRIS, FROM THE STREET SURFACE.
   5. "STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICE" SHALL MEAN A DEVICE THAT  IS
 MOUNTED  ON A STREET CLEANING VEHICLE, IS CAPABLE OF OPERATING INDEPEND-
 ENTLY OF AN ENFORCEMENT OFFICER AND PRODUCES ONE OR MORE IMAGES OF  EACH
 VEHICLE AT THE TIME IT IS IN VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES.
   (D)  A  CERTIFICATE,  SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A TECHNICIAN EMPLOYED BY
 THE CITY OF NEW YORK IN WHICH  THE  CHARGED  VIOLATION  OCCURRED,  OR  A
 FACSIMILE  THEREOF,  BASED  UPON  INSPECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY A STREET CLEANING
 VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICE,  SHALL  BE  PRIMA  FACIE  EVIDENCE  OF  THE  FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER
 RECORDED  IMAGES  EVIDENCING  SUCH  A  VIOLATION  SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR
 INSPECTION IN ANY  PROCEEDING  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  FOR  SUCH
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (E)  AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF A STREET CLEANING PARKING RULE
 IMPOSED ON ANY ROUTE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES  IN  ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND PENALTIES PROMULGATED BY THE PARKING
 VIOLATIONS BUREAU OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK; PROVIDED, HOWEVER,  THAT  THE
 MONETARY  PENALTY FOR VIOLATING A STREET CLEANING PARKING RULE SHALL NOT
 EXCEED FIFTY DOLLARS FOR EACH  VIOLATION;  PROVIDED,  FURTHER,  THAT  AN
 OWNER  SHALL  BE  LIABLE FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT TO EXCEED TWENTY-
 FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION FOR THE FAILURE TO RESPOND TO  A  NOTICE
 OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
   (F)  AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE ADOPTED
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR
 AND SHALL NOT BE MADE PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF  THE  PERSON  UPON
 WHOM  SUCH  LIABILITY  IS  IMPOSED  NOR  SHALL  IT BE USED FOR INSURANCE
 PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
   (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR  A  VIOLATION  OF  A  STREET
 CLEANING  PARKING  RULE.  PERSONAL  DELIVERY  ON  THE OWNER SHALL NOT BE
 A. 8902--A                          3
 
 REQUIRED. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE  ORDI-
 NARY  COURSE  OF  BUSINESS  SHALL  BE  PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN.
   2.  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR VIOLATION OF A STREET CLEAN-
 ING PARKING RULE, THE REGISTRATION NUMBER OF  THE  VEHICLE  INVOLVED  IN
 SUCH  VIOLATION,  THE LOCATION WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK PLACE INCLUDING
 THE STREET  OR  CROSS  STREETS,  ONE  OR  MORE  IMAGES  IDENTIFYING  THE
 VIOLATION,  THE  DATE  AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION AND THE IDENTIFICATION
 NUMBER OF THE STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO  DEVICE  THAT  RECORDED  THE
 VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR NUMBER.
   3.  THE  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE
 PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE  TIME  IN  WHICH  SUCH  PERSON  MAY
 CONTEST  THE  LIABILITY  ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY
 SHALL ALSO CONTAIN A WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED  THAT  FAILURE
 TO  CONTEST IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION
 OF LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE  AGENCY
 OR  AGENCIES  DESIGNATED  BY  THE  CITY OF NEW YORK, OR ANY OTHER ENTITY
 AUTHORIZED BY SUCH  CITY  TO  PREPARE  AND  MAIL  SUCH  NOTIFICATION  OF
 VIOLATION.
   5.  ADJUDICATION  OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS SECTION
 SHALL BE BY THE NEW YORK CITY PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (H) IF AN OWNER OF A VEHICLE RECEIVES A NOTICE OF  LIABILITY  PURSUANT
 TO  THIS  SECTION  FOR  ANY  TIME  PERIOD  DURING  WHICH THE VEHICLE WAS
 REPORTED TO THE POLICE DEPARTMENT AS HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL  BE  A
 VALID  DEFENSE  TO  AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY FOR VIOLATION OF A STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULE OF SUCH CITY, THAT THE VEHICLE HAD  BEEN  REPORTED
 TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD
 NOT  BEEN  RECOVERED BY SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES OF ASSERTING THE DEFENSE
 PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION IT SHALL BE  SUFFICIENT  THAT  A  CERTIFIED
 COPY  OF  THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS
 MAIL TO THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (I) 1. AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE  TO  WHICH  A  NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY  WAS  ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF THE  STREET  CLEANING  PARKING  RULE,
 PROVIDED THAT:
   (I)  PRIOR  TO  THE  VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH SUCH PARKING
 VIOLATIONS BUREAU IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF  SECTION  TWO
 HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   (II)  WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM SUCH BUREAU
 OF THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMA-
 TION CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE  LESSOR  SUBMITS
 TO SUCH BUREAU THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHICLE
 IDENTIFIED  IN  THE  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY AT THE TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION,
 TOGETHER WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL,
 LEASE OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY  SUCH
 BUREAU PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS THAT MAY BE PROMULGATED FOR SUCH PURPOSE.
   2.  FAILURE  TO COMPLY WITH SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS
 SUBDIVISION SHALL RENDER THE LESSOR LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED IN
 THIS SECTION.
   3. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH  ONE  OF
 THIS  SUBDIVISION,  THE  LESSEE  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  ON  THE DATE OF SUCH
 VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE  FOR  PURPOSES
 OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSU-
 A. 8902--A                          4
 
 ANT TO THIS SECTION, AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO
 SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION.
   §  2.  Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws  of  2023,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special
 or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any  city  which
 heretofore  or  hereafter  is  authorized to establish an administrative
 tribunal: (a) to hear and determine complaints  of  traffic  infractions
 constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or (b) to adjudi-
 cate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter  imposed  pursuant  to  a
 local  law  or  ordinance  imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply  with  traffic-con-
 trol  indications through the installation and operation of traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle twenty-four of this chapter, or (c) to adjudicate the  liability  of
 owners  for  violations  of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this  chapter  imposed  pursuant  to  a
 demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply  with  such  posted
 maximum  speed  limits  through  the installation and operation of photo
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this  chapter,  or  (d)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of
 this  chapter  imposed  pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing
 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator
 thereof  to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installa-
 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article
 twenty-four of this chapter, or  (e)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners  for violations of toll collection regulations imposed by certain
 public authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public  authori-
 ties  to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure
 of an operator thereof to comply with  toll  collection  regulations  of
 such  public  authorities  through  the  installation  and  operation of
 photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions  of  section
 two  thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or (f) to adjudicate
 the  liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as
 provided in  subdivisions  twenty  and  twenty-one-c  of  section  three
 hundred  seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or
 ordinance imposing monetary liability on the  owner  of  a  vehicle  for
 failure  of  an  operator  thereof  to comply with school bus red visual
 signals through the installation  and  operation  of  school  bus  photo
 violation  monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of
 this  chapter,  or  (g)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations  of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the
 rules of the department of transportation of the city  of  New  York  in
 relation  to  gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed
 pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration  program  imposing  monetary
 liability  on  the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
 to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions
 through the installation and operation  of  weigh  in  motion  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article ten of this chapter, or
 A. 8902--A                          5
 
 (h) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of  subdivision
 (b),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter
 imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary  liability
 on  the  owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply
 with such posted maximum speed limits within a highway  construction  or
 maintenance  work  area  through the installation and operation of photo
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this  chapter,  or  (i)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations  of  bus  operation-related traffic regulations as defined by
 article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a  demonstration
 program  imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for fail-
 ure of an operator thereof to comply  with  such  bus  operation-related
 traffic regulations through the installation and operation of bus opera-
 tion-related  photo  devices,  in accordance with article twenty-four of
 this  chapter,  OR  (J)  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR
 VIOLATIONS  OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWEN-
 TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED  PURSUANT  TO  A  DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM
 IMPOSING  MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN
 OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY  WITH  SUCH  STREET  CLEANING  PARKING  RULES
 THROUGH  THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO
 DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF  THIS  CHAPTER,  such
 tribunal  and  the  rules  and  regulations  pertaining thereto shall be
 constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 3. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic  law,  as
 amended  by  section  3 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized: (a) to adjudicate the liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to  a  local  law  or  ordinance
 imposing  monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
 operator thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through  the
 installation  and  operation  of traffic-control signal photo violation-
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chap-
 ter, or (b) to adjudicate the liability  of  owners  for  violations  of
 subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
 of this chapter imposed pursuant to  a  demonstration  program  imposing
 monetary  liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
 thereof to comply with such posted  maximum  speed  limits  through  the
 installation  and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,
 in accordance with article thirty of this chapter, or (c) to  adjudicate
 the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of bus lane restrictions as
 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a bus
 rapid transit program imposing monetary liability  on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle  for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane
 restrictions through the installation and operation of  bus  lane  photo
 devices,  in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, or (d)
 to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll  collection
 regulations  imposed  by  certain public authorities pursuant to the law
 authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability on  the
 owner  of  a  vehicle  for failure of an operator thereof to comply with
 toll collection regulations  of  such  public  authorities  through  the
 installation  and  operation  of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance
 with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of
 A. 8902--A                          6

 the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty,  or  (e)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners for
 violations  of  section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter when
 meeting a school bus marked and equipped  as  provided  in  subdivisions
 twenty  and  twenty-one-c  of section three hundred seventy-five of this
 chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance  imposing  monetary
 liability  on  the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
 to comply with school bus red visual signals  through  the  installation
 and  operation  of  school  bus  photo  violation monitoring systems, in
 accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter, or (f)  to  adjudi-
 cate  the  liability  of  owners for violations of section three hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York  in  relation  to  gross  vehicle  weight
 and/or  axle  weight  violations  imposed  pursuant to a weigh in motion
 demonstration program imposing monetary liability  on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle  for  failure  of  an operator thereof to comply with such gross
 vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the  installation
 and  operation  of  weigh  in  motion  violation  monitoring systems, in
 accordance with article ten of this chapter, or (g)  to  adjudicate  the
 liability  of  owners for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g)
 of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant  to  a
 demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply  with  such  posted
 maximum  speed  limits within a highway construction or maintenance work
 area through the installation and operation  of  photo  speed  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article thirty of this chapter,
 or (h) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of bus oper-
 ation-related traffic regulations as defined by article  twenty-four  of
 this  chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing mone-
 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle  for  failure  of  an  operator
 thereof  to  comply  with such bus operation-related traffic regulations
 through the installation and operation of  bus  operation-related  photo
 devices,  in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, OR (I)
 TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF STREET  CLEANING
 PARKING  RULES  AS  DEFINED  BY  ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR   OF THIS   CHAPTER
 IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY  LIABILITY
 ON  THE  OWNER  OF A VEHICLE   FOR  FAILURE  OF AN  OPERATOR THEREOF  TO
 COMPLY  WITH SUCH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES THROUGH THE INSTALLATION
 AND OPERATION OF  STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES,  IN  ACCORDANCE
 WITH  ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF THIS CHAPTER.  Such tribunal, except in a
 city with a population of one million or more, shall also have jurisdic-
 tion of abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes of this  article,
 a  parking  violation  is  the  violation of any law, rule or regulation
 providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehi-
 cle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean
 and include the commissioner of traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official
 possessing authority as such a commissioner.
   §  4. Paragraph   f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4 of part MM of  chapter  56  of  the
 laws of 2023, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven  of  this  article,
 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
 to authorization set forth in articles ten, twenty-four, twenty-nine and
 thirty of this chapter, section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 A. 8902--A                          7
 
 the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred fifty to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for
 failure  of  an  operator  thereof: to comply with traffic-control indi-
 cations in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven
 of this chapter through the installation and operation  of  traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle  twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted maxi-
 mum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)
 of  section  eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installa-
 tion and operation of  photo  speed  violation  monitoring  systems,  in
 accordance  with  article  thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus
 lane restrictions as defined by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter
 through  the  installation  and  operation of bus lane photo devices, in
 accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to  comply  with
 toll  collection  regulations  of certain public authorities through the
 installation and operation of photo-monitoring  systems,  in  accordance
 with  the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty; or to stop for a  school  bus  displaying  a  red  visual
 signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chap-
 ter through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chap-
 ter;  or to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation
 of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty  of
 this  chapter  within  a  highway  construction or maintenance work area
 through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitor-
 ing systems, in accordance with article thirty of this  chapter;  or  to
 comply  with  gross  vehicle  weight  and/or axle weight restrictions in
 violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter  and  the
 rules  of  the  department  of  transportation  of  the city of New York
 through the installation and operation  of  weigh  in  motion  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article ten of this chapter; or
 to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as  defined  by
 article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter in violation of the rules of the
 department of transportation of the city of New York through the instal-
 lation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in  accord-
 ance  with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER
 IN VIOLATION OF THE RULES OF THE DEPARTMENT  OF  TRANSPORTATION  OF  THE
 CITY OF NEW YORK THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEAN-
 ING  VEHICLE  PHOTO  DEVICES,  IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF
 THIS CHAPTER.
   § 5. Subdivisions 1, 1-a and the opening subparagraph of paragraph (a)
 of subdivision 1-b of section 240 of the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  as
 amended  by  section 5 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023, are
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Notice of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with  a  parking
 violation  enters a plea of not guilty; or a person alleged to be liable
 in accordance with any provisions of law  specifically  authorizing  the
 imposition  of  monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure
 of an operator thereof: to comply with  traffic-control  indications  in
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal
 photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with  article  twenty-
 A. 8902--A                          8
 
 four  of  this  chapter;  or to comply with certain posted maximum speed
 limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of  section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and oper-
 ation  of  photo  speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with
 article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus lane  restrictions
 as  defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installa-
 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article
 twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply  with  toll  collection  regu-
 lations of certain public authorities through the installation and oper-
 ation  of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; or  to  stop
 for  a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of section
 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the installation and
 operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems,  in  accord-
 ance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or to comply with certain
 posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or
 (g)  of  section  eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway
 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper-
 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,  in  accordance  with
 article  thirty  of this chapter; or to comply with gross vehicle weight
 and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of  section  three  hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
 weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article
 ten  of  this  chapter;  or to comply with bus operation-related traffic
 regulations as  defined  by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter  in
 violation  of  the rules of the department of transportation of the city
 of New York through the installation and operation of bus  operation-re-
 lated  photo  devices,  in  accordance  with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS  DEFINED  BY
 ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER IN VIOLATION OF THE RULES OF THE
 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK THROUGH THE INSTAL-
 LATION AND OPERATION  OF  STREET  CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO  DEVICES,  IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, contests such alle-
 gation,  the  bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of
 first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which [he  or
 she] SUCH PERSON must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form
 and  content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the direc-
 tor, and shall contain a warning to advise the  person  so  pleading  or
 contesting  that  failure  to  appear  on the date designated, or on any
 subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an  admission  of  liability,
 and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a.  Fines  and  penalties.  Whenever  a  plea of not guilty has been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in accordance with provisions of law specifically authorizing the  impo-
 sition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
 operator   thereof:   to  comply  with  traffic-control  indications  in
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal
 photo  violation-monitoring  systems, in accordance with article twenty-
 four of this chapter; or to comply with  certain  posted  maximum  speed
 limits  in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and oper-
 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,  in  accordance  with
 A. 8902--A                          9
 
 article  thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus lane restrictions
 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the  installa-
 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article
 twenty-four  of  this  chapter;  or to comply with toll collection regu-
 lations of certain public authorities through the installation and oper-
 ation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four  of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; or to stop
 for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of  section
 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the installation and
 operation  of  school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accord-
 ance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or to comply with certain
 posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  within  a  highway
 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper-
 ation  of  photo  speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with
 article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with gross  vehicle  weight
 and/or  axle  weight  restrictions in violation of section three hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
 weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article
 ten of this chapter; or to comply  with  bus  operation-related  traffic
 regulations  as  defined  by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter in
 violation of the rules of the department of transportation of  the  city
 of  New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-re-
 lated photo devices, in accordance  with  article  twenty-four  of  this
 chapter;  OR  TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY
 ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN VIOLATION OF  THE  RULES  OF  THE
 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK THROUGH THE INSTAL-
 LATION  AND  OPERATION  OF  STREET  CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO DEVICES, IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested,
 by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits  has  been
 demanded,  but  has  not  yet  been held, the bureau shall not issue any
 notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the  hear-
 ing.
   In a city having a population of one million or more, at every hearing
 for the adjudication of a notice of liability, as provided by this arti-
 cle,  there shall be a rebuttable presumption that the owner of a first-
 response emergency vehicle alleged to be liable in accordance  with  any
 provisions  of  law  specifically authorizing the imposition of monetary
 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator  thereof:
 to  comply  with traffic-control indications in violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the instal-
 lation and operation of traffic-control signal photo  violation-monitor-
 ing  systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or
 to comply with certain posted  maximum  speed  limits  in  violation  of
 subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
 of this chapter through the installation and operation  of  photo  speed
 violation  monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this
 chapter; or to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined  by  article
 twenty-four  of  this  chapter through the installation and operation of
 bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four  of  this
 chapter;  or to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as
 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules
 of the department of transportation of the city of New York through  the
 A. 8902--A                         10
 
 installation  and  operation  of bus operation-related photo devices, in
 accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO  COMPLY  WITH
 STREET  CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS
 CHAPTER IN  VIOLATION  OF  THE RULES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
 OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION   OF
 STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE  TWEN-
 TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER is not liable for such alleged violation if such
 owner of the first-response emergency vehicle provides the hearing offi-
 cer with:
   § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 6 of part MM of chapter 56 of the
 laws of 2023, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to
 a  local  law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply  with  traffic-con-
 trol  indications through the installation and operation of traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle twenty-four of this chapter, or an allegation  of  liability  of  an
 owner  for  a  violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this  chapter  imposed  pursuant  to  a
 demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with certain posted
 maximum speed limits through the installation  and  operation  of  photo
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this  chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation
 of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chap-
 ter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit  program  imposing  monetary
 liability  on  the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
 to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the  installation  and
 operation  of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-
 four of this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  toll  collection  regulations  imposed  by certain public
 authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public  authorities  to
 impose  monetary  liability  on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
 operator thereof to comply with  toll  collection  regulations  of  such
 public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-moni-
 toring  systems,  in accordance with the provisions of section two thou-
 sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or an allegation of liability  of
 an  owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this
 chapter when meeting a school bus marked and  equipped  as  provided  in
 subdivisions  twenty  and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy-
 five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance impos-
 ing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an oper-
 ator thereof to comply with school bus red visual  signals  through  the
 installation  and  operation  of  school  bus photo violation monitoring
 systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter,  or  an
 allegation  of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed
 pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability  on  the
 owner  of  a  vehicle  for failure of an operator thereof to comply with
 certain posted maximum speed limits within  a  highway  construction  or
 maintenance  work  area  through the installation and operation of photo
 A. 8902--A                         11
 
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a  violation
 of  section  three  hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of
 the  department of transportation of the city of New York in relation to
 gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a
 weigh in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator  thereof  to  comply  with
 such  gross  vehicle  weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the
 installation and operation  of  weigh  in  motion  violation  monitoring
 systems,  in  accordance with article ten of this chapter, or an allega-
 tion of liability of an owner for a violation of  bus  operation-related
 traffic  regulations  as  defined by article twenty-four of this chapter
 imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary  liability
 on  the  owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply
 with such bus operation-related traffic regulations through the  instal-
 lation  and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accord-
 ance with article twenty-four of  this  chapter,  OR  AN  ALLEGATION  OF
 LIABILITY  OF  AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES
 AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO  A
 DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  IMPOSING  MONETARY  LIABILITY  ON THE OWNER OF A
 VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY  WITH  SUCH  STREET
 CLEANING  PARKING RULES THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET
 CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH  ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR
 OF  THIS  CHAPTER, shall be held before a hearing examiner in accordance
 with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  any  provisions  of  law
 specifically  authorizing  the  imposition  of monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof:  to  comply  with
 traffic-control  indications  in violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and oper-
 ation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring  systems,  in
 accordance  with  article  twenty-four  of  this chapter; to comply with
 certain posted maximum speed limits in  violation  of  subdivision  (b),
 (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter
 through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitor-
 ing systems, in accordance with  article  thirty  of  this  chapter;  to
 comply  with  bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of
 this chapter through the installation and operation of  bus  lane  photo
 devices,  in  accordance  with  article  twenty-four of this chapter; to
 comply with toll collection regulations of  certain  public  authorities
 through  the  installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in
 accordance with the provisions of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the
 laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus displaying a
 red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of
 this chapter through the installation and operation of school bus  photo
 violation  monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of
 this chapter; to comply with certain  posted  maximum  speed  limits  in
 violation  of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work
 area through the installation and operation  of  photo  speed  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article thirty of this chapter;
 to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight  restrictions  in
 violation  of  section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the
 A. 8902--A                         12
 
 rules of the department of  transportation  of  the  city  of  New  York
 through  the  installation  and  operation  of weigh in motion violation
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this  chapter;  or
 to  comply  with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by
 article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of  the  rules  of  the
 department of transportation of the city of New York through the instal-
 lation  and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accord-
 ance with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH  STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER
 IN  VIOLATION  OF  THE RULES OF  THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE
 CITY OF NEW YORK THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEAN-
 ING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF
 THIS CHAPTER, is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making
 of the record.
   §  7.  Subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7 of part MM of chapter 56  of  the  laws  of
 2023, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained [he or she] SUCH EXAMINER may
 examine  either  the  prior  parking  violations record or the record of
 liabilities incurred in accordance with any provisions  of  law  specif-
 ically  authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of
 a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to  comply  with  traffic-
 control  indications  in  violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and operation of
 traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance
 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with certain  posted
 maximum  speed  limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the instal-
 lation and operation of photo speed  violation  monitoring  systems,  in
 accordance  with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with bus lane
 restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this  chapter  through
 the  installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance
 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection
 regulations of certain public authorities through the  installation  and
 operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions
 of  section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori-
 ties law and sections sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter
 seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to
 stop for a school bus displaying a red visual  signal  in  violation  of
 section  eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the instal-
 lation and operation of school bus photo violation  monitoring  systems,
 in  accordance  with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to comply with
 certain posted maximum speed limits in  violation  of  subdivision  (b),
 (d),  (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within
 a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation
 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
 with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight
 and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of  section  three  hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
 weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article
 ten  of  this chapter; [or] to comply with bus operation-related traffic
 regulations as  defined  by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter  in
 violation  of  the rules of the department of transportation of the city
 A. 8902--A                         13
 
 of New York through the installation and operation of bus  operation-re-
 lated  photo  devices,  in  accordance  with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS  DEFINED  BY
 ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER IN VIOLATION OF THE RULES OF THE
 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK THROUGH THE INSTAL-
 LATION AND OPERATION  OF  STREET  CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO  DEVICES,  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, of the person
 charged, as applicable prior to rendering a final  determination.  Final
 determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing charges shall be entered on a
 final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with  records
 showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  any  provisions  of law specifically authorizing the imposition of
 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator
 thereof:  to  comply  with  traffic-control  indications in violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through
 the installation and operation of traffic-control  signal  photo  viola-
 tion-monitoring  systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of  this chapter through the installation and operation of photo
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this chapter; to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article
 twenty-four of this chapter through the installation  and  operation  of
 bus  lane  photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; to comply with toll collection regulations  of  certain  public
 authorities  through  the installation and operation of photo-monitoring
 systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine
 hundred   eighty-five   of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus display-
 ing a red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred  seventy-
 four  of  this  chapter through the installation and operation of school
 bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twen-
 ty-nine of this chapter; to comply with  certain  posted  maximum  speed
 limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev-
 en hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or main-
 tenance  work area through the installation and operation of photo speed
 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of  this
 chapter;  to  comply  with  gross  vehicle  weight  and/or  axle  weight
 restrictions in violation of section three hundred eighty-five  of  this
 chapter and the rules of the department of transportation of the city of
 New  York  through  the  installation  and  operation of weigh in motion
 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with  article  ten  of  this
 chapter;  [or]  to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations
 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in  violation  of  the
 rules  of  the  department  of  transportation  of  the city of New York
 through the installation and operation of  bus  operation-related  photo
 devices,  in  accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO
 COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE  TWENTY-
 FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN  VIOLATION OF THE RULES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
 TRANSPORTATION OF THE CITY OF NEW  YORK  THROUGH  THE  INSTALLATION  AND
 OPERATION  OF  STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a  designated
 hearing  date  or  subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to
 A. 8902--A                         14
 
 comply with the determination of a hearing examiner,  as  prescribed  by
 this  article  or  by  rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to
 plead or contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default  judgment  in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of
 the  bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original   date
 prescribed  for  entering  a  plea  and before a default judgment may be
 rendered, in such case the  bureau  shall  pursuant  to  the  applicable
 provisions  of  law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first
 class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the  violation  charged,
 or  liability  alleged  in accordance with any provisions of law specif-
 ically authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner  of
 a  vehicle  for  failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-
 control indications in violation of subdivision (d)  of  section  eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and operation of
 traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance
 with  article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with certain posted
 maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),  (f)  or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the instal-
 lation  and  operation  of  photo speed violation monitoring systems, in
 accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with bus  lane
 restrictions  as  defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through
 the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in  accordance
 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection
 regulations  of  certain public authorities through the installation and
 operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions
 of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
 ties  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter
 seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen  hundred  fifty;  to
 stop  for  a  school  bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the  instal-
 lation  and  operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems,
 in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to  comply  with
 certain  posted  maximum  speed  limits in violation of subdivision (b),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  within
 a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation
 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
 with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight
 and/or  axle  weight  restrictions in violation of section three hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
 weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article
 ten of this chapter; [or] to comply with bus  operation-related  traffic
 regulations  as  defined  by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter in
 violation of the rules of the department of transportation of  the  city
 of  New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-re-
 lated photo devices, in accordance  with  article  twenty-four  of  this
 chapter;  OR  TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY
 ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN VIOLATION OF  THE  RULES  OF  THE
 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK THROUGH THE INSTAL-
 LATION  AND  OPERATION  OF  STREET  CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO DEVICES, IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, (2) of the  impend-
 ing  default  judgment,  (3)  that  such judgment will be entered in the
 Civil Court of the city in which the bureau  has  been  established,  or
 other  court  of  civil jurisdiction or any other place provided for the
 entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and  (4)  that  a
 A. 8902--A                         15
 
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability  in accordance with any provisions of law specifically author-
 izing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for
 failure  of  an  operator  thereof: to comply with traffic-control indi-
 cations in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven
 of this chapter through the installation and operation  of  traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle  twenty-four  of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum
 speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of
 section  eleven  hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation
 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
 with  article  thirty  of  this  chapter;  to  comply  with   bus   lane
 restrictions  as  defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through
 the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in  accordance
 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection
 regulations  of  certain public authorities through the installation and
 operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions
 of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authori-
 ties  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter
 seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen  hundred  fifty;  to
 stop  for  a  school  bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of
 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the  instal-
 lation  and  operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems,
 in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to  comply  with
 certain  posted  maximum  speed  limits in violation of subdivision (b),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  within
 a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation
 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
 with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight
 and/or  axle  weight  restrictions in violation of section three hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
 weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article
 ten of this chapter; [or] to comply with bus  operation-related  traffic
 regulations  as  defined  by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter in
 violation of the rules of the department of transportation of  the  city
 of  New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-re-
 lated photo devices, in accordance  with  article  twenty-four  of  this
 chapter;  OR  TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY
 ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN VIOLATION OF  THE  RULES  OF  THE
 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK THROUGH THE INSTAL-
 LATION  AND  OPERATION  OF  STREET  CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO DEVICES, IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER;  or  making  an
 appearance  within  thirty  days  of  the  sending of such notice. Pleas
 entered and allegations contested within that period  shall  be  in  the
 manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or
 fee.  Such  notice  of  impending default judgment shall not be required
 prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the  case  of  operators  or
 owners  who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall
 a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending
 default judgment be sent, more than two years after  the  expiration  of
 the  time  prescribed  for  entering a plea or contesting an allegation.
 When a person has demanded a  hearing,  no  fine  or  penalty  shall  be
 imposed  for  any  reason,  prior  to the holding of the hearing. If the
 hearing examiner shall make a determination on the  charges,  sustaining
 A. 8902--A                         16
 
 them,  [he or she] SUCH EXAMINER shall impose no greater penalty or fine
 than those upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 8. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of  the  vehicle  and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of part MM of
 chapter 56 of the laws of 2023, is amended to read as follows:
   (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
 of there is a certification from a  court,  parking  violations  bureau,
 traffic  and  parking  violations  agency  or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the  registrant  or  [his  or  her]  THEIR
 representative  failed  to  appear  on the return date or any subsequent
 adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an
 administrative  tribunal following entry of a final decision in response
 to a total of three or more summonses or other process in the aggregate,
 issued within an eighteen month period, charging either that:  (i)  such
 motor  vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehi-
 cle was operated for hire by the registrant or [his or her] THEIR  agent
 without  being  licensed  as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate
 local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of  this  chapter
 or  of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority;
 or (ii) the registrant was liable for a violation of subdivision (d)  of
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle  for  failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-con-
 trol indications through the installation and operation of  traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle  twenty-four of this chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable for
 a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter  imposed  pursuant to a demonstration
 program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for  fail-
 ure  of  an  operator  thereof  to comply with such posted maximum speed
 limits through the installation and operation of photo  speed  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article thirty of this chapter;
 or  (iv)  the  registrant  was  liable  for  a  violation  of  bus  lane
 restrictions  as  defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed
 pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary  liability  on
 the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with
 such bus lane restrictions through the installation and operation of bus
 lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chap-
 ter;  or (v) the registrant was liable for a violation of section eleven
 hundred seventy-four of this chapter when meeting a  school  bus  marked
 and  equipped  as  provided  in  subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of
 section three hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus red
 visual  signals  through  the  installation  and operation of school bus
 photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with  article  twenty-
 nine  of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable for a violation
 of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and  the  rules  of
 the  department of transportation of the city of New York in relation to
 gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a
 weigh in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator  thereof  to  comply  with
 such  gross  vehicle  weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the
 installation and operation  of  weigh  in  motion  violation  monitoring
 systems,  in  accordance  with article ten of this chapter; or (vii) the
 registrant was liable for a violation of subdivision (b),  (d),  (f)  or
 A. 8902--A                         17
 
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to
 a  demonstration  program  imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply  with  such  posted
 maximum  speed  limits within a highway construction or maintenance work
 area through the installation and operation  of  photo  speed  violation
 monitoring   systems,   in   accordance  with  article  thirty  of  this
 chapter[,]; or (viii) the registrant was liable for a violation  of  bus
 operation-related  traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four
 of this chapter imposed pursuant to  a  demonstration  program  imposing
 monetary  liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
 thereof to comply with such bus  operation-related  traffic  regulations
 through  the  installation  and operation of bus operation-related photo
 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this  chapter[,];  OR
 (IX)  THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARK-
 ING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IMPOSED
 PURSUANT  TO  A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE
 OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN   OPERATOR THEREOF TO  COMPLY  WITH
 SUCH  STREET  CLEANING PARKING RULES THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERA-
 TION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH  ARTI-
 CLE  TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or [his or her] THEIR
 agent shall deny the  registration  or  renewal  application  until  the
 applicant  provides proof from the court, traffic and parking violations
 agency or administrative tribunal wherein the charges are  pending  that
 an  appearance  or answer has been made or in the case of an administra-
 tive tribunal that [he or she] SUCH  APPLICANT  has  complied  with  the
 rules  and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final deci-
 sion. Where an application is  denied  pursuant  to  this  section,  the
 commissioner  may, in [his or her] THEIR discretion, deny a registration
 or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and  may
 deny  a  registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle
 registered in the name of  the  applicant  where  the  commissioner  has
 determined  that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes
 of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to
 believe that such registration  or  renewal  will  have  the  effect  of
 defeating  the  purposes  of  this  subdivision.  Such denial shall only
 remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or  in  the
 case  of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with
 the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision.
   § 9. Subdivision 1-a of section 1809 of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as amended by section 9 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1-a.  Notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  subdivision  one  of  this
 section, the provisions of subdivision one of  this  section  shall  not
 apply  to  an adjudication of liability of owners: (a) for violations of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed
 pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on  the
 owner  of  a  vehicle  for failure of an operator thereof to comply with
 traffic-control indications through the installation  and  operation  of
 traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance
 with  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter;  or (b) for violations of
 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven  hundred  eighty
 of  this  chapter  imposed  pursuant to a demonstration program imposing
 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator
 thereof  to  comply  with  such  posted maximum speed limits through the
 installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring  systems,
 in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or (c) for violations
 A. 8902--A                         18
 
 of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chap-
 ter  imposed  pursuant  to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary
 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator  thereof
 to  comply  with such bus lane restrictions through the installation and
 operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article  twenty-
 four  of  this  chapter;  or (d) for violations of toll collection regu-
 lations imposed by  certain  public  authorities  pursuant  to  the  law
 authorizing  such public authorities to impose monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator  thereof  to  comply  with
 toll  collection  regulations  of  such  public  authorities through the
 installation and operation of photo-monitoring  systems,  in  accordance
 with  the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty; or (e) for violations of section eleven hundred  seventy-
 four  of  this  chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as
 provided in  subdivisions  twenty  and  twenty-one-c  of  section  three
 hundred  seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or
 ordinance imposing monetary liability on the  owner  of  a  vehicle  for
 failure  of  an  operator  thereof  to comply with school bus red visual
 signals through the installation  and  operation  of  school  bus  photo
 violation  monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of
 this chapter; or (f) for violations of section three hundred eighty-five
 of this chapter and the rules of the department of transportation of the
 city of New York in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle  weight
 violations  imposed  pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration program
 imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of  an
 operator  thereof  to  comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle
 weight restrictions through the installation and operation of  weigh  in
 motion  violation  monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of
 this chapter; or (g) for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or  (g)
 of  section  eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 demonstration program imposing monetary liability  on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle  for  failure  of an operator thereof to comply with such posted
 maximum speed limits within a highway construction or  maintenance  work
 area  through  the  installation  and operation of photo speed violation
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of  this  chapter;
 or  (h)  for  violations of bus operation-related traffic regulations as
 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter  imposed  pursuant  to  a
 demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper-
 ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation
 of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen-
 ty-four of this chapter; OR (I) FOR VIOLATIONS OF STREET CLEANING  PARK-
 ING  RULES  AS  DEFINED  BY  ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED
 PURSUANT TO A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY  ON  THE
 OWNER  OF  A  VEHICLE  FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH
 SUCH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES THROUGH THE INSTALLATION  AND  OPERA-
 TION  OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTI-
 CLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER.
   § 10. Subdivision 1 of section 1809-a of the vehicle and traffic  law,
 as  amended  by section 10 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023,
 is amended to read as follows:
   1. The provisions of any other general or special law notwithstanding,
 whenever, in a city having a population of one hundred thousand or  more
 according   to   the  nineteen  hundred  eighty  United  States  census,
 A. 8902--A                         19
 
 proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court result in a finding
 of liability, or conviction for the violation of any statute, local law,
 ordinance or rule involving the parking, stopping or standing of a motor
 vehicle,  except  (A)  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of bus operation-related traffic  regulations  as  defined  by
 article  twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration
 program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for  fail-
 ure  of  an  operator  thereof to comply with such bus operation-related
 traffic regulations through the installation and operation of bus opera-
 tion-related photo devices, in accordance with  article  twenty-four  of
 this  chapter,  OR  (B)  AN  ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A
 VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY  ARTICLE  TWEN-
 TY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER IMPOSED   PURSUANT TO A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM
 IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF  AN
 OPERATOR  THEREOF  TO  COMPLY  WITH  SUCH  STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES
 THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE  PHOTO
 DEVICES,  IN  ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, there
 shall be levied a mandatory surcharge in addition to any other sentence,
 fine or penalty otherwise  permitted  or  required,  in  the  amount  of
 fifteen  dollars.  Such surcharge shall not be deemed a monetary penalty
 for the purposes of section two hundred thirty-seven of this chapter  or
 section 19-203 of the administrative code of the city of New York.
   § 11. Subdivision 1 of section 1809-aa of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as  amended  by section 11 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023,
 is amended to read as follows:
   1. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 an administrative tribunal  or  court  result  in  a  conviction  for  a
 violation  of  section  twelve  hundred,  twelve  hundred  one or twelve
 hundred two of this chapter, except (A) an adjudication of liability  of
 an owner for a violation of bus operation-related traffic regulations as
 defined  by  article  twenty-four  of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 demonstration program imposing monetary liability  on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper-
 ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation
 of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen-
 ty-four  of  this  chapter,  OR  (B)  AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN
 OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS  DEFINED    BY
 ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR    OF  THIS  CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A   DEMON-
 STRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY   ON   THE   OWNER   OF   A
 VEHICLE  FOR  FAILURE  OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULES THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF  STREET
 CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR
 OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied a mandatory surcharge in addition
 to any other sentence, fine or penalty otherwise permitted or  required,
 in the amount of twenty-five dollars.
   §  12.  Paragraph  a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 12 of part MM of  chapter  56  of
 the laws of 2023, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a  court  or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result in a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law,  ordinance,  rule  or
 regulation  adopted  pursuant  to  this  chapter,  except: (i) a traffic
 infraction involving standing, stopping, or  parking  or  violations  by
 pedestrians  or  bicyclists; and (ii) an adjudication of liability of an
 A. 8902--A                         20
 
 owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing
 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator
 thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through the installa-
 tion  and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring
 systems, in accordance with article twenty-four  of  this  chapter;  and
 (iii) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi-
 vision  (b),  (c),  (d),  (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of
 this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing  mone-
 tary  liability  on  the  owner  of a vehicle for failure of an operator
 thereof to comply with such posted  maximum  speed  limits  through  the
 installation  and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,
 in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; and (iv)  an  adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of bus lane restrictions
 as  defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 bus rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of  a
 vehicle  for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane
 restrictions through the installation and operation of  bus  lane  photo
 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; and (v)
 an  adjudication  of  liability  of  an  owner  for  a violation of toll
 collection regulations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to
 the law authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability
 on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof  to  comply
 with  toll collection regulations of such public authorities through the
 installation and operation of photo-monitoring  systems,  in  accordance
 with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author-
 ities  law  or  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter
 seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen  hundred  fifty;  and
 (vi) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section
 eleven  hundred  seventy-four  of this chapter when meeting a school bus
 marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions twenty and  twenty-one-c
 of  section  three hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant
 to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner  of
 a  vehicle  for failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus
 red visual signals through the installation and operation of school  bus
 photo  violation  monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-
 nine of this chapter; and (vii) an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for a violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and
 the rules of the department of transportation of the city of New York in
 relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight  violations  imposed
 pursuant  to  a  weigh in motion demonstration program imposing monetary
 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator  thereof
 to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions
 through  the  installation  and  operation  of weigh in motion violation
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter;  and
 (viii)  an  adjudication  of  liability  of  an owner for a violation of
 subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section  eleven  hundred  eighty  of
 this  chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing mone-
 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle  for  failure  of  an  operator
 thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits within a highway
 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper-
 ation  of  photo  speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with
 article thirty of this chapter; and (ix) an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of bus operation-related traffic regulations as
 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter  imposed  pursuant  to  a
 demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
 A. 8902--A                         21
 
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper-
 ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation
 of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen-
 ty-four  of  this  chapter;  AND  (X) AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN
 OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING  RULES  AS  DEFINED  BY
 ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A DEMONSTRATION
 PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY  ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAIL-
 URE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STREET  CLEANING  PARKING
 RULES  THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE
 PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
 there  shall  be  levied  in  addition to any sentence, penalty or other
 surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twen-
 ty-eight dollars.
   § 13. Subdivision 2 of section  87  of  the  public  officers  law  is
 amended by adding a new paragraph (u) to read as follows:
   (U)  ARE  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGES PREPARED UNDER AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  ELEVEN-H  OF
 THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
   § 14. This act shall take effect one year after it shall have become a
 law; provided, however, that sections one and thirteen of this act shall
 expire July 1, 2029, when upon such date the provisions of such sections
 shall be deemed repealed; provided further, however, that:
   (a)  the  amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809-a of the vehicle
 and traffic law made by section ten of this act  shall  not  affect  the
 repeal of such section and shall be deemed repealed therewith;
   (b)  if  section  2 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023 shall
 not have taken effect on or before such date then section  two  of  this
 act  shall  take  effect on the same date and in the same manner as such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (c) if section 3 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws  of  2023  shall
 not  have taken effect on or before such date then section three of this
 act shall take effect on the same date and in the same  manner  as  such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (d)  if  section  4 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023 shall
 not have taken effect on or before such date then section four  of  this
 act  shall  take  effect on the same date and in the same manner as such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (e) if section 5 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws  of  2023  shall
 not  have  taken effect on or before such date then section five of this
 act shall take effect on the same date and in the same  manner  as  such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (f)  if  section  6 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023 shall
 not have taken effect on or before such date then section  six  of  this
 act  shall  take  effect on the same date and in the same manner as such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (g) if section 7 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws  of  2023  shall
 not  have taken effect on or before such date then section seven of this
 act shall take effect on the same date and in the same  manner  as  such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (h)  if  section  8 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023 shall
 not have taken effect on or before such date then section eight of  this
 act  shall  take  effect on the same date and in the same manner as such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (i) if section 9 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws  of  2023  shall
 not  have  taken effect on or before such date then section nine of this
 A. 8902--A                         22
 
 act shall take effect on the same date and in the same  manner  as  such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (j)  if  section 10 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023 shall
 not have taken effect on or before such date then section  ten  of  this
 act  shall  take  effect on the same date and in the same manner as such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (k) if section 11 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of  2023  shall
 not have taken effect on or before such date then section eleven of this
 act  shall  take  effect on the same date and in the same manner as such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (l) if section 12 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of  2023  shall
 not have taken effect on or before such date then section twelve of this
 act  shall  take  effect on the same date and in the same manner as such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect.
   Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or  repeal  of  any
 rule  or  regulation  necessary for the implementation of section one of
 this act on its effective date are authorized to be made  and  completed
 on or before such effective date.

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  8902--B
 
                           I N  A S S E M B L Y
 
                             January 26, 2024
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  M.  of  A. CUNNINGHAM, BICHOTTE HERMELYN, LEE, DAVILA --
   read once and referred to the Committee on Transportation -- recommit-
   ted to the Committee on Transportation  in  accordance  with  Assembly
   Rule  3,  sec.  2  --  committee  discharged,  bill  amended,  ordered
   reprinted as amended  and  recommitted  to  said  committee  --  again
   reported  from  said  committee  with amendments, ordered reprinted as
   amended and recommitted to said committee
 
 AN ACT to amend the vehicle  and  traffic  law,  in  relation  to  owner
   liability  for  failure  of an operator to comply with street cleaning
   parking rules; to amend the public officers law, in relation to access
   to records prepared pursuant to street  cleaning  parking  rules;  and
   providing for the repeal of certain provisions upon expiration thereof
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. The vehicle and traffic law is  amended  by  adding  a  new
 section 1111-h to read as follows:
   §  1111-H.  OWNER LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING
 PARKING RULES. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION  OF  LAW,  THE
 CITY  OF  NEW  YORK  IS  HEREBY  AUTHORIZED AND EMPOWERED TO ESTABLISH A
 PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR  FAIL-
 URE TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES IN SUCH CITY IN ACCORD-
 ANCE  WITH  THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION. THE NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT
 OF SANITATION, FOR PURPOSES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUCH PROGRAM, SHALL
 OPERATE STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES ON STREET  CLEANING  VEHI-
 CLES ALONG ALL STREET CLEANING ROUTES IN SUCH CITY.
   2. THE CITY OF NEW YORK SHALL ADOPT AND ENFORCE MEASURES:
   (I) TO ENSURE, TO THE EXTENT PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS PRODUCED BY
 SUCH STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT
 IDENTIFY  ANY PERSON OR PERSONS WHO MAY BE OCCUPYING THE VEHICLE, OR THE
 CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. HOWEVER, A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED  PURSUANT
 TO  THIS  SECTION  SHALL NOT BE DISMISSED SOLELY BECAUSE A PHOTOGRAPH OR
 PHOTOGRAPHS ALLOW FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF A PERSON OR PERSONS WHO  MAY
 BE OCCUPYING THE VEHICLE OR THE CONTENTS OF A VEHICLE;
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD13521-06-4
              

 A. 8902--B                          2
 
   (II)  TO  UPGRADE  SIGNAGE AT REGULAR INTERVALS WITHIN STREET CLEANING
 ROUTES STATING THAT STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES  ARE  USED  TO
 ENFORCE STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES ALONG SUCH ROUTES; AND
   (III)  TO PROHIBIT THE USE OR DISSEMINATION OF VEHICLES' LICENSE PLATE
 INFORMATION AND OTHER INFORMATION AND IMAGES CAPTURED BY STREET CLEANING
 VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES EXCEPT: (A) AS  REQUIRED  TO  ESTABLISH  LIABILITY
 UNDER  THIS  SECTION OR COLLECT PAYMENT OF PENALTIES; (B) AS REQUIRED BY
 COURT ORDER; OR (C) AS OTHERWISE REQUIRED BY LAW.
   (B) IF THE CITY OF NEW YORK HAS  ESTABLISHED  A  PROGRAM  PURSUANT  TO
 SUBDIVISION  (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE
 FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO  THIS  SECTION  IF  SUCH  VEHICLE  WAS
 PARKED IN VIOLATION OF ANY STREET CLEANING PARKING RULE OF SUCH CITY AND
 SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A STREET CLEAN-
 ING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICE.
   (C)  FOR  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE
 FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1. "OWNER" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE  TWO-B  OF  THIS
 CHAPTER.
   2.  "STREET  CLEANING ROUTES" SHALL MEAN STREET CLEANING ROUTES DESIG-
 NATED BY THE  NEW  YORK  CITY  DEPARTMENT  OF  SANITATION  THAT  INCLUDE
 UPGRADED  SIGNAGE STATING THAT STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES ARE
 USED TO ENFORCE STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES.
   3. "STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES" SHALL MEAN THE  PROHIBITED  PARKING
 OF  ANY  VEHICLE  ON ONE SIDE OF THE STREET TO ALLOW FOR CLEANING BY THE
 NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION DURING DESIGNATED TIME PERIODS AS
 POSTED BY SIGN.
   4. "STREET CLEANING VEHICLE" SHALL MEAN ANY VEHICLE  OPERATED  BY  THE
 NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION THAT IS DESIGNED TO WASH DIRT AND
 GRIME, AND REMOVE LITTER AND DEBRIS, FROM THE STREET SURFACE.
   5.  "STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICE" SHALL MEAN A DEVICE THAT IS
 MOUNTED ON A STREET CLEANING VEHICLE, IS CAPABLE OF OPERATING  INDEPEND-
 ENTLY  OF AN ENFORCEMENT OFFICER AND PRODUCES ONE OR MORE IMAGES OF EACH
 VEHICLE AT THE TIME IT IS IN VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES.
   (D) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A  TECHNICIAN  EMPLOYED  BY
 THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK  IN  WHICH THE CHARGED VIOLATION OCCURRED, OR A
 FACSIMILE THEREOF, BASED UPON  INSPECTION  OF  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY A STREET CLEANING
 VEHICLE  PHOTO  DEVICE,  SHALL  BE  PRIMA  FACIE  EVIDENCE  OF THE FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER
 RECORDED IMAGES EVIDENCING SUCH  A  VIOLATION  SHALL  BE  AVAILABLE  FOR
 INSPECTION  IN  ANY  PROCEEDING  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY FOR SUCH
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (E) AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF A STREET CLEANING PARKING  RULE
 IMPOSED  ON  ANY ROUTE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND PENALTIES PROMULGATED BY  THE  PARKING
 VIOLATIONS  BUREAU  OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT THE
 MONETARY PENALTY FOR VIOLATING A STREET CLEANING PARKING RULE SHALL  NOT
 EXCEED  FIFTY  DOLLARS  FOR  EACH  VIOLATION; PROVIDED, FURTHER, THAT AN
 OWNER SHALL BE LIABLE FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT  TO  EXCEED  TWENTY-
 FIVE  DOLLARS  FOR EACH VIOLATION FOR THE FAILURE TO RESPOND TO A NOTICE
 OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
   (F) AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE  ADOPTED
 PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR
 AND  SHALL  NOT  BE MADE PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE PERSON UPON
 WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED  NOR  SHALL  IT  BE  USED  FOR  INSURANCE
 PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
 A. 8902--B                          3
 
   (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
 PERSON  ALLEGED  TO  BE  LIABLE  AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF A STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULE. PERSONAL DELIVERY  ON  THE  OWNER  SHALL  NOT  BE
 REQUIRED.  A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDI-
 NARY  COURSE  OF  BUSINESS  SHALL  BE  PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN.
   2. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME  AND  ADDRESS  OF  THE
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR VIOLATION OF A STREET CLEAN-
 ING  PARKING  RULE,  THE  REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VEHICLE INVOLVED IN
 SUCH VIOLATION, THE LOCATION WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK  PLACE  INCLUDING
 THE  STREET  OR  CROSS  STREETS,  ONE  OR  MORE  IMAGES  IDENTIFYING THE
 VIOLATION, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION  AND  THE  IDENTIFICATION
 NUMBER  OF  THE  STREET  CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICE THAT RECORDED THE
 VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR NUMBER.
   3. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY  SHALL  CONTAIN  INFORMATION  ADVISING  THE
 PERSON  CHARGED  OF  THE  MANNER  AND  THE TIME IN WHICH SUCH PERSON MAY
 CONTEST THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY
 SHALL  ALSO  CONTAIN A WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED THAT FAILURE
 TO CONTEST IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN  ADMISSION
 OF LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   4.  THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE AGENCY
 OR AGENCIES DESIGNATED BY THE CITY OF NEW  YORK,  OR  ANY  OTHER  ENTITY
 AUTHORIZED  BY  SUCH  CITY  TO  PREPARE  AND  MAIL  SUCH NOTIFICATION OF
 VIOLATION.
   5. ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY  THIS  SECTION
 SHALL BE BY THE NEW YORK CITY PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (H)  IF  AN OWNER OF A VEHICLE RECEIVES A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT
 TO THIS SECTION FOR  ANY  TIME  PERIOD  DURING  WHICH  THE  VEHICLE  WAS
 REPORTED  TO  THE POLICE DEPARTMENT AS HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A
 VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY FOR VIOLATION  OF  A  STREET
 CLEANING  PARKING  RULE OF SUCH CITY, THAT THE VEHICLE HAD BEEN REPORTED
 TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD
 NOT BEEN RECOVERED BY SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES OF ASSERTING  THE  DEFENSE
 PROVIDED  BY  THIS  SUBDIVISION  IT SHALL BE SUFFICIENT THAT A CERTIFIED
 COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN VEHICLE BE SENT BY  FIRST  CLASS
 MAIL TO THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (I)  1.  AN  OWNER  WHO  IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS  SECTION  SHALL
 NOT  BE  LIABLE  FOR  THE VIOLATION OF THE STREET CLEANING PARKING RULE,
 PROVIDED THAT:
   (I) PRIOR TO THE VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS  FILED  WITH  SUCH  PARKING
 VIOLATIONS  BUREAU  IN  ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS OF SECTION TWO
 HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   (II) WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM SUCH  BUREAU
 OF THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMA-
 TION  CONTAINED  IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY, THE LESSOR SUBMITS
 TO SUCH BUREAU THE CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHICLE
 IDENTIFIED IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE  TIME  OF  SUCH  VIOLATION,
 TOGETHER WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL,
 LEASE  OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY SUCH
 BUREAU PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS THAT MAY BE PROMULGATED FOR SUCH PURPOSE.
   2. FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF PARAGRAPH ONE  OF  THIS
 SUBDIVISION SHALL RENDER THE LESSOR LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED IN
 THIS SECTION.
   3.  WHERE  THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH ONE OF
 THIS SUBDIVISION, THE LESSEE  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  ON  THE  DATE  OF  SUCH
 A. 8902--B                          4
 
 VIOLATION  SHALL  BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES
 OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSU-
 ANT TO THIS SECTION, AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO
 SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION.
   §  2.  Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 2 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws  of  2023,  is
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special
 or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any  city  which
 heretofore  or  hereafter  is  authorized to establish an administrative
 tribunal: (a) to hear and determine complaints  of  traffic  infractions
 constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or (b) to adjudi-
 cate  the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of subdivision (d) of
 section eleven hundred eleven of this  chapter  imposed  pursuant  to  a
 local  law  or  ordinance  imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply  with  traffic-con-
 trol  indications through the installation and operation of traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle twenty-four of this chapter, or (c) to adjudicate the  liability  of
 owners  for  violations  of  subdivision  (b),  (c),  (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this  chapter  imposed  pursuant  to  a
 demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply  with  such  posted
 maximum  speed  limits  through  the installation and operation of photo
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this  chapter,  or  (d)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of
 this  chapter  imposed  pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing
 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator
 thereof  to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installa-
 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article
 twenty-four of this chapter, or  (e)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of
 owners  for violations of toll collection regulations imposed by certain
 public authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public  authori-
 ties  to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure
 of an operator thereof to comply with  toll  collection  regulations  of
 such  public  authorities  through  the  installation  and  operation of
 photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions  of  section
 two  thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and
 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven  hundred
 seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or (f) to adjudicate
 the  liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seven-
 ty-four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as
 provided in  subdivisions  twenty  and  twenty-one-c  of  section  three
 hundred  seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or
 ordinance imposing monetary liability on the  owner  of  a  vehicle  for
 failure  of  an  operator  thereof  to comply with school bus red visual
 signals through the installation  and  operation  of  school  bus  photo
 violation  monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of
 this  chapter,  or  (g)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations  of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the
 rules of the department of transportation of the city  of  New  York  in
 relation  to  gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed
 pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration  program  imposing  monetary
 liability  on  the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
 to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions
 A. 8902--B                          5
 
 through the installation and operation  of  weigh  in  motion  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article ten of this chapter, or
 (h) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of  subdivision
 (b),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter
 imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary  liability
 on  the  owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply
 with such posted maximum speed limits within a highway  construction  or
 maintenance  work  area  through the installation and operation of photo
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this  chapter,  or  (i)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations  of  bus  operation-related traffic regulations as defined by
 article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a  demonstration
 program  imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for fail-
 ure of an operator thereof to comply  with  such  bus  operation-related
 traffic regulations through the installation and operation of bus opera-
 tion-related  photo  devices,  in accordance with article twenty-four of
 this  chapter,  OR  (J)  TO  ADJUDICATE  THE  LIABILITY  OF  OWNERS  FOR
 VIOLATIONS  OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWEN-
 TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOSING  MONETARY
 LIABILITY  ON  THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF
 TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES THROUGH THE  INSTALLA-
 TION  AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER,  such  tribunal  and  the
 rules  and  regulations  pertaining  thereto  shall  be  constituted  in
 substantial conformance with the following sections.
   § 3. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic  law,  as
 amended  by  section  3 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized  such
 tribunal  when  created  shall be known as the parking violations bureau
 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions  which  constitute  a
 parking violation and, where authorized: (a) to adjudicate the liability
 of  owners  for  violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred
 eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to  a  local  law  or  ordinance
 imposing  monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
 operator thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through  the
 installation  and  operation  of traffic-control signal photo violation-
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chap-
 ter, or (b) to adjudicate the liability  of  owners  for  violations  of
 subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
 of this chapter imposed pursuant to  a  demonstration  program  imposing
 monetary  liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
 thereof to comply with such posted  maximum  speed  limits  through  the
 installation  and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,
 in accordance with article thirty of this chapter, or (c) to  adjudicate
 the  liability  of  owners  for  violations  of bus lane restrictions as
 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a bus
 rapid transit program imposing monetary liability  on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle  for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane
 restrictions through the installation and operation of  bus  lane  photo
 devices,  in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, or (d)
 to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll  collection
 regulations  imposed  by  certain public authorities pursuant to the law
 authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability on  the
 owner  of  a  vehicle  for failure of an operator thereof to comply with
 toll collection regulations  of  such  public  authorities  through  the
 A. 8902--B                          6
 
 installation  and  operation  of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance
 with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of
 the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty,  or  (e)  to  adjudicate  the  liability  of  owners  for
 violations  of  section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter when
 meeting a school bus marked and equipped  as  provided  in  subdivisions
 twenty  and  twenty-one-c  of section three hundred seventy-five of this
 chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance  imposing  monetary
 liability  on  the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
 to comply with school bus red visual signals  through  the  installation
 and  operation  of  school  bus  photo  violation monitoring systems, in
 accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter, or (f)  to  adjudi-
 cate  the  liability  of  owners for violations of section three hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York  in  relation  to  gross  vehicle  weight
 and/or  axle  weight  violations  imposed  pursuant to a weigh in motion
 demonstration program imposing monetary liability  on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle  for  failure  of  an operator thereof to comply with such gross
 vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the  installation
 and  operation  of  weigh  in  motion  violation  monitoring systems, in
 accordance with article ten of this chapter, or (g)  to  adjudicate  the
 liability  of  owners for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g)
 of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant  to  a
 demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply  with  such  posted
 maximum  speed  limits within a highway construction or maintenance work
 area through the installation and operation  of  photo  speed  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article thirty of this chapter,
 or (h) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of bus oper-
 ation-related traffic regulations as defined by article  twenty-four  of
 this  chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing mone-
 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle  for  failure  of  an  operator
 thereof  to  comply  with such bus operation-related traffic regulations
 through the installation and operation of  bus  operation-related  photo
 devices,  in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, OR (I)
 TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF STREET  CLEANING
 PARKING  RULES  AS  DEFINED  BY  ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR   OF THIS   CHAPTER
 IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON  THE  OWNER
 OF  A VEHICLE   FOR   FAILURE  OF AN  OPERATOR THEREOF  TO  COMPLY  WITH
 SUCH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES THROUGH THE INSTALLATION  AND  OPERA-
 TION OF  STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTI-
 CLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER.  Such tribunal, except in a city with a
 population of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of aban-
 doned  vehicle  violations.  For the purposes of this article, a parking
 violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing  for
 or  regulating  the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addi-
 tion for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include
 the commissioner of traffic  of  the  city  or  an  official  possessing
 authority as such a commissioner.
   §  4. Paragraph   f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and
 traffic law, as amended by section 4 of part MM of  chapter  56  of  the
 laws of 2023, is amended to read as follows:
   f.  "Notice  of  violation"  means a notice of violation as defined in
 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven  of  this  article,
 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant
 A. 8902--B                          7
 
 to authorization set forth in articles ten, twenty-four, twenty-nine and
 thirty of this chapter, section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of
 the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c  of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen
 hundred fifty to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for
 failure of an operator thereof: to  comply  with  traffic-control  indi-
 cations in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven
 of  this  chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted  maxi-
 mum  speed  limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g)
 of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through  the  installa-
 tion  and  operation  of  photo  speed  violation monitoring systems, in
 accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to  comply  with  bus
 lane  restrictions  as  defined  by  article twenty-four of this chapter
 through the installation and operation of bus  lane  photo  devices,  in
 accordance  with  article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with
 toll collection regulations of certain public  authorities  through  the
 installation  and  operation  of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance
 with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of
 the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty;  or  to  stop  for  a school bus displaying a red visual
 signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chap-
 ter through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chap-
 ter; or to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in  violation
 of  subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of
 this chapter within a highway  construction  or  maintenance  work  area
 through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitor-
 ing  systems,  in  accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to
 comply with gross vehicle weight  and/or  axle  weight  restrictions  in
 violation  of  section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the
 rules of the department of  transportation  of  the  city  of  New  York
 through  the  installation  and  operation  of weigh in motion violation
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this  chapter;  or
 to  comply  with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by
 article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of  the  rules  of  the
 department of transportation of the city of New York through the instal-
 lation  and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accord-
 ance with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH  STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER
 IN  VIOLATION  OF  THE  RULES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE
 CITY OF NEW YORK THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEAN-
 ING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF
 THIS CHAPTER.
   § 5. Subdivisions 1, 1-a and the opening subparagraph of paragraph (a)
 of  subdivision  1-b  of  section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as
 amended by section 5 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of  2023,  are
 amended to read as follows:
   1.  Notice  of  hearing.  Whenever  a  person  charged  with a parking
 violation enters a plea of not guilty; or a person alleged to be  liable
 in  accordance  with  any provisions of law specifically authorizing the
 imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle  for  failure
 of  an  operator  thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in
 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred  eleven  of  this
 A. 8902--B                          8
 
 chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal
 photo  violation-monitoring  systems, in accordance with article twenty-
 four of this chapter; or to comply with  certain  posted  maximum  speed
 limits  in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and oper-
 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,  in  accordance  with
 article  thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus lane restrictions
 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the  installa-
 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article
 twenty-four  of  this  chapter;  or to comply with toll collection regu-
 lations of certain public authorities through the installation and oper-
 ation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions  of
 section  two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities
 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and  sixteen-c  of  chapter  seven
 hundred  seventy-four  of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; or to stop
 for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of  section
 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the installation and
 operation  of  school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accord-
 ance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or to comply with certain
 posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter  within  a  highway
 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper-
 ation  of  photo  speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with
 article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with gross  vehicle  weight
 and/or  axle  weight  restrictions in violation of section three hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
 weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article
 ten of this chapter; or to comply  with  bus  operation-related  traffic
 regulations  as  defined  by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter in
 violation of the rules of the department of transportation of  the  city
 of  New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-re-
 lated photo devices, in accordance  with  article  twenty-four  of  this
 chapter;  OR  TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY
 ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IN VIOLATION OF  THE  RULES  OF  THE
 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK THROUGH THE INSTAL-
 LATION  AND  OPERATION  OF  STREET  CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO DEVICES, IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, contests such alle-
 gation, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such  form  of
 first  class mail as the director may direct of the date on which [he or
 she] SUCH PERSON must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form
 and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the  direc-
 tor,  and  shall  contain  a warning to advise the person so pleading or
 contesting that failure to appear on the  date  designated,  or  on  any
 subsequent  adjourned  date,  shall be deemed an admission of liability,
 and that a default judgment may be entered thereon.
   1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a  plea  of  not  guilty  has  been
 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability
 in  accordance with provisions of law specifically authorizing the impo-
 sition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
 operator  thereof:  to  comply  with  traffic-control   indications   in
 violation  of  subdivision  (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this
 chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal
 photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with  article  twenty-
 four  of  this  chapter;  or to comply with certain posted maximum speed
 limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of  section
 A. 8902--B                          9
 
 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and oper-
 ation  of  photo  speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with
 article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus lane  restrictions
 as  defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installa-
 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article
 twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply  with  toll  collection  regu-
 lations of certain public authorities through the installation and oper-
 ation  of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of
 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public  authorities
 law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven
 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; or  to  stop
 for  a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of section
 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the installation and
 operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems,  in  accord-
 ance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or to comply with certain
 posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or
 (g)  of  section  eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway
 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper-
 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,  in  accordance  with
 article  thirty  of this chapter; or to comply with gross vehicle weight
 and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of  section  three  hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
 weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article
 ten  of  this  chapter;  or to comply with bus operation-related traffic
 regulations as  defined  by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter  in
 violation  of  the rules of the department of transportation of the city
 of New York through the installation and operation of bus  operation-re-
 lated  photo  devices,  in  accordance  with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS  DEFINED  BY
 ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER IN VIOLATION OF THE RULES OF THE
 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK THROUGH THE INSTAL-
 LATION AND OPERATION  OF  STREET  CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO  DEVICES,  IN
 ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested,
 by  a  person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been
 demanded, but has not yet been held, the  bureau  shall  not  issue  any
 notice  of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hear-
 ing.
   In a city having a population of one million or more, at every hearing
 for the adjudication of a notice of liability, as provided by this arti-
 cle, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that the owner of a  first-
 response  emergency  vehicle alleged to be liable in accordance with any
 provisions of law specifically authorizing the  imposition  of  monetary
 liability  on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof:
 to comply with traffic-control indications in violation  of  subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the instal-
 lation  and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitor-
 ing systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter;  or
 to  comply  with  certain  posted  maximum  speed limits in violation of
 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven  hundred  eighty
 of  this  chapter  through the installation and operation of photo speed
 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of  this
 chapter;  or  to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article
 twenty-four of this chapter through the installation  and  operation  of
 bus  lane  photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; or to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations  as
 A. 8902--B                         10
 
 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules
 of  the department of transportation of the city of New York through the
 installation and operation of bus operation-related  photo  devices,  in
 accordance  with  article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH
 STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF  THIS
 CHAPTER IN  VIOLATION  OF  THE RULES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
 OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION   OF
 STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE  TWEN-
 TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER is not liable for such alleged violation if such
 owner of the first-response emergency vehicle provides the hearing offi-
 cer with:
   § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle
 and traffic law, as amended by section 6 of part MM of chapter 56 of the
 laws of 2023, are amended to read as follows:
   a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation
 or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision
 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to
 a  local  law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply  with  traffic-con-
 trol  indications through the installation and operation of traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle twenty-four of this chapter, or an allegation  of  liability  of  an
 owner  for  a  violation  of  subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this  chapter  imposed  pursuant  to  a
 demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with certain posted
 maximum speed limits through the installation  and  operation  of  photo
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this  chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation
 of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chap-
 ter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit  program  imposing  monetary
 liability  on  the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
 to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the  installation  and
 operation  of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-
 four of this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an  owner  for  a
 violation  of  toll  collection  regulations  imposed  by certain public
 authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public  authorities  to
 impose  monetary  liability  on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
 operator thereof to comply with  toll  collection  regulations  of  such
 public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-moni-
 toring  systems,  in accordance with the provisions of section two thou-
 sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or an allegation of liability  of
 an  owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this
 chapter when meeting a school bus marked and  equipped  as  provided  in
 subdivisions  twenty  and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy-
 five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance impos-
 ing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an oper-
 ator thereof to comply with school bus red visual  signals  through  the
 installation  and  operation  of  school  bus photo violation monitoring
 systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter,  or  an
 allegation  of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b),
 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed
 pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability  on  the
 owner  of  a  vehicle  for failure of an operator thereof to comply with
 A. 8902--B                         11
 
 certain posted maximum speed limits within  a  highway  construction  or
 maintenance  work  area  through the installation and operation of photo
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this  chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation
 of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and  the  rules  of
 the  department of transportation of the city of New York in relation to
 gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a
 weigh in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator  thereof  to  comply  with
 such  gross  vehicle  weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the
 installation and operation  of  weigh  in  motion  violation  monitoring
 systems,  in  accordance with article ten of this chapter, or an allega-
 tion of liability of an owner for a violation of  bus  operation-related
 traffic  regulations  as  defined by article twenty-four of this chapter
 imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary  liability
 on  the  owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply
 with such bus operation-related traffic regulations through the  instal-
 lation  and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accord-
 ance with article twenty-four of  this  chapter,  OR  AN  ALLEGATION  OF
 LIABILITY  OF  AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES
 AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO  A
 PROGRAM  IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAIL-
 URE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STREET  CLEANING  PARKING
 RULES  THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE
 PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF  THIS  CHAPTER,
 shall  be  held  before  a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and
 regulations promulgated by the bureau.
   g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a
 hearing at which liability in accordance  with  any  provisions  of  law
 specifically  authorizing  the  imposition  of monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof:  to  comply  with
 traffic-control  indications  in violation of subdivision (d) of section
 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and oper-
 ation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring  systems,  in
 accordance  with  article  twenty-four  of  this chapter; to comply with
 certain posted maximum speed limits in  violation  of  subdivision  (b),
 (c),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter
 through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitor-
 ing systems, in accordance with  article  thirty  of  this  chapter;  to
 comply  with  bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of
 this chapter through the installation and operation of  bus  lane  photo
 devices,  in  accordance  with  article  twenty-four of this chapter; to
 comply with toll collection regulations of  certain  public  authorities
 through  the  installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in
 accordance with the provisions of  section  two  thousand  nine  hundred
 eighty-five  of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections sixteen-a,
 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the
 laws  of  nineteen  hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus displaying a
 red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of
 this chapter through the installation and operation of school bus  photo
 violation  monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of
 this chapter; to comply with certain  posted  maximum  speed  limits  in
 violation  of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred
 eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work
 area through the installation and operation  of  photo  speed  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article thirty of this chapter;
 A. 8902--B                         12
 
 to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight  restrictions  in
 violation  of  section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the
 rules of the department of  transportation  of  the  city  of  New  York
 through  the  installation  and  operation  of weigh in motion violation
 monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this  chapter;  or
 to  comply  with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by
 article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of  the  rules  of  the
 department of transportation of the city of New York through the instal-
 lation  and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accord-
 ance with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH  STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER
 IN  VIOLATION  OF  THE RULES OF  THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE
 CITY OF NEW YORK THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEAN-
 ING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF
 THIS CHAPTER, is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making
 of the record.
   §  7.  Subdivisions  1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic
 law, as amended by section 7 of part MM of chapter 56  of  the  laws  of
 2023, are amended to read as follows:
   1.  The  hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges,
 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner  deter-
 mines that the charges have been sustained [he or she] SUCH EXAMINER may
 examine  either  the  prior  parking  violations record or the record of
 liabilities incurred in accordance with any provisions  of  law  specif-
 ically  authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of
 a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to  comply  with  traffic-
 control  indications  in  violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and operation of
 traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance
 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with certain  posted
 maximum  speed  limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the instal-
 lation and operation of photo speed  violation  monitoring  systems,  in
 accordance  with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with bus lane
 restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this  chapter  through
 the  installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance
 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection
 regulations of certain public authorities through the  installation  and
 operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions
 of  section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori-
 ties law and sections sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter
 seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to
 stop for a school bus displaying a red visual  signal  in  violation  of
 section  eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the instal-
 lation and operation of school bus photo violation  monitoring  systems,
 in  accordance  with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to comply with
 certain posted maximum speed limits in  violation  of  subdivision  (b),
 (d),  (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within
 a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation
 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
 with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight
 and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of  section  three  hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
 weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article
 ten  of  this chapter; [or] to comply with bus operation-related traffic
 A. 8902--B                         13

 regulations as  defined  by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter  in
 violation  of  the rules of the department of transportation of the city
 of New York through the installation and operation of bus  operation-re-
 lated  photo  devices,  in  accordance  with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS  DEFINED  BY
 ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER IN VIOLATION OF THE RULES OF THE
 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK THROUGH THE INSTAL-
 LATION AND OPERATION  OF  STREET  CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO  DEVICES,  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER, of the person
 charged, as applicable prior to rendering a final  determination.  Final
 determinations  sustaining  or  dismissing charges shall be entered on a
 final determination roll maintained by the bureau together with  records
 showing payment and nonpayment of penalties.
   2.  Where  an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a
 parking violation or contest an allegation of  liability  in  accordance
 with  any  provisions  of law specifically authorizing the imposition of
 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator
 thereof:  to  comply  with  traffic-control  indications in violation of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through
 the installation and operation of traffic-control  signal  photo  viola-
 tion-monitoring  systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation
 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f)  or  (g)  of  section  eleven  hundred
 eighty  of  this chapter through the installation and operation of photo
 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of
 this chapter; to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article
 twenty-four of this chapter through the installation  and  operation  of
 bus  lane  photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; to comply with toll collection regulations  of  certain  public
 authorities  through  the installation and operation of photo-monitoring
 systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand  nine
 hundred   eighty-five   of  the  public  authorities  law  and  sections
 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four
 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus display-
 ing a red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred  seventy-
 four  of  this  chapter through the installation and operation of school
 bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twen-
 ty-nine of this chapter; to comply with  certain  posted  maximum  speed
 limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev-
 en hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or main-
 tenance  work area through the installation and operation of photo speed
 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of  this
 chapter;  to  comply  with  gross  vehicle  weight  and/or  axle  weight
 restrictions in violation of section three hundred eighty-five  of  this
 chapter and the rules of the department of transportation of the city of
 New  York  through  the  installation  and  operation of weigh in motion
 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with  article  ten  of  this
 chapter;  [or]  to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations
 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in  violation  of  the
 rules  of  the  department  of  transportation  of  the city of New York
 through the installation and operation of  bus  operation-related  photo
 devices,  in  accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO
 COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE  TWENTY-
 FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IN  VIOLATION OF THE RULES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
 TRANSPORTATION OF THE CITY OF NEW  YORK  THROUGH  THE  INSTALLATION  AND
 OPERATION  OF  STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH
 A. 8902--B                         14
 
 ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a  designated
 hearing  date  or  subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to
 comply with the determination of a hearing examiner,  as  prescribed  by
 this  article  or  by  rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to
 plead or contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an
 admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a
 default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and  regulations  of
 the   bureau.  However,  after  the  expiration  of  the  original  date
 prescribed for entering a plea and before  a  default  judgment  may  be
 rendered,  in  such  case  the  bureau  shall pursuant to the applicable
 provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form  of  first
 class  mail  as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged,
 or liability alleged in accordance with any provisions  of  law  specif-
 ically  authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of
 a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to  comply  with  traffic-
 control  indications  in  violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven
 hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and operation of
 traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance
 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with certain  posted
 maximum  speed  limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the instal-
 lation and operation of photo speed  violation  monitoring  systems,  in
 accordance  with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with bus lane
 restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this  chapter  through
 the  installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance
 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection
 regulations of certain public authorities through the  installation  and
 operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions
 of  section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori-
 ties law and sections sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter
 seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to
 stop for a school bus displaying a red visual  signal  in  violation  of
 section  eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the instal-
 lation and operation of school bus photo violation  monitoring  systems,
 in  accordance  with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to comply with
 certain posted maximum speed limits in  violation  of  subdivision  (b),
 (d),  (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within
 a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation
 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
 with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight
 and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of  section  three  hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
 weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article
 ten  of  this chapter; [or] to comply with bus operation-related traffic
 regulations as  defined  by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter  in
 violation  of  the rules of the department of transportation of the city
 of New York through the installation and operation of bus  operation-re-
 lated  photo  devices,  in  accordance  with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS  DEFINED  BY
 ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER IN VIOLATION OF THE RULES OF THE
 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK THROUGH THE INSTAL-
 LATION AND OPERATION  OF  STREET  CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO  DEVICES,  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, (2) of the impend-
 ing default judgment, (3) that such judgment  will  be  entered  in  the
 Civil  Court  of  the  city in which the bureau has been established, or
 A. 8902--B                         15
 
 other court of civil jurisdiction or any other place  provided  for  the
 entry  of  civil  judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a
 default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of
 liability  in accordance with any provisions of law specifically author-
 izing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for
 failure of an operator thereof: to  comply  with  traffic-control  indi-
 cations in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven
 of  this  chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with certain  posted  maximum
 speed  limits  in  violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of
 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through  the  installation
 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
 with   article   thirty  of  this  chapter;  to  comply  with  bus  lane
 restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this  chapter  through
 the  installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance
 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection
 regulations of certain public authorities through the  installation  and
 operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions
 of  section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori-
 ties law and sections sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter
 seven  hundred  seventy-four  of  the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to
 stop for a school bus displaying a red visual  signal  in  violation  of
 section  eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the instal-
 lation and operation of school bus photo violation  monitoring  systems,
 in  accordance  with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to comply with
 certain posted maximum speed limits in  violation  of  subdivision  (b),
 (d),  (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within
 a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation
 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance
 with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight
 and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of  section  three  hundred
 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the department of transpor-
 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of
 weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article
 ten  of  this chapter; [or] to comply with bus operation-related traffic
 regulations as  defined  by  article  twenty-four  of  this  chapter  in
 violation  of  the rules of the department of transportation of the city
 of New York through the installation and operation of bus  operation-re-
 lated  photo  devices,  in  accordance  with article twenty-four of this
 chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS  DEFINED  BY
 ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER IN VIOLATION OF THE RULES OF THE
 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK THROUGH THE INSTAL-
 LATION AND OPERATION  OF  STREET  CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO  DEVICES,  IN
 ACCORDANCE  WITH  ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER;  or making an
 appearance within thirty days of  the  sending  of  such  notice.  Pleas
 entered  and  allegations  contested  within that period shall be in the
 manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penalty or
 fee. Such notice of impending default judgment  shall  not  be  required
 prior  to  the  rendering  and entry thereof in the case of operators or
 owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case  shall
 a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending
 default  judgment  be  sent, more than two years after the expiration of
 the time prescribed for entering a plea  or  contesting  an  allegation.
 When  a  person  has  demanded  a  hearing,  no fine or penalty shall be
 imposed for any reason, prior to the holding  of  the  hearing.  If  the
 A. 8902--B                         16
 
 hearing  examiner  shall make a determination on the charges, sustaining
 them, [he or she] SUCH EXAMINER shall impose no greater penalty or  fine
 than those upon which the person was originally charged.
   § 8. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401
 of  the  vehicle  and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of part MM of
 chapter 56 of the laws of 2023, is amended to read as follows:
   (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there-
 of there is a certification from a  court,  parking  violations  bureau,
 traffic  and  parking  violations  agency  or administrative tribunal of
 appropriate jurisdiction that the  registrant  or  [his  or  her]  THEIR
 representative  failed  to  appear  on the return date or any subsequent
 adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of  an
 administrative  tribunal following entry of a final decision in response
 to a total of three or more summonses or other process in the aggregate,
 issued within an eighteen month period, charging either that:  (i)  such
 motor  vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehi-
 cle was operated for hire by the registrant or [his or her] THEIR  agent
 without  being  licensed  as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate
 local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of  this  chapter
 or  of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority;
 or (ii) the registrant was liable for a violation of subdivision (d)  of
 section  eleven  hundred  eleven  of  this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle  for  failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-con-
 trol indications through the installation and operation of  traffic-con-
 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti-
 cle  twenty-four of this chapter; or (iii) the registrant was liable for
 a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of  section  eleven
 hundred  eighty  of  this  chapter  imposed  pursuant to a demonstration
 program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for  fail-
 ure  of  an  operator  thereof  to comply with such posted maximum speed
 limits through the installation and operation of photo  speed  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article thirty of this chapter;
 or  (iv)  the  registrant  was  liable  for  a  violation  of  bus  lane
 restrictions  as  defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed
 pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary  liability  on
 the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with
 such bus lane restrictions through the installation and operation of bus
 lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chap-
 ter;  or (v) the registrant was liable for a violation of section eleven
 hundred seventy-four of this chapter when meeting a  school  bus  marked
 and  equipped  as  provided  in  subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of
 section three hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus red
 visual  signals  through  the  installation  and operation of school bus
 photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with  article  twenty-
 nine  of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable for a violation
 of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and  the  rules  of
 the  department of transportation of the city of New York in relation to
 gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a
 weigh in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator  thereof  to  comply  with
 such  gross  vehicle  weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the
 installation and operation  of  weigh  in  motion  violation  monitoring
 systems,  in  accordance  with article ten of this chapter; or (vii) the
 A. 8902--B                         17
 
 registrant was liable for a violation of subdivision (b),  (d),  (f)  or
 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to
 a  demonstration  program  imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
 vehicle  for  failure  of an operator thereof to comply with such posted
 maximum speed limits within a highway construction or  maintenance  work
 area  through  the  installation  and operation of photo speed violation
 monitoring  systems,  in  accordance  with  article   thirty   of   this
 chapter[,];  or  (viii) the registrant was liable for a violation of bus
 operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article  twenty-four
 of  this  chapter  imposed  pursuant to a demonstration program imposing
 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an  operator
 thereof  to  comply  with such bus operation-related traffic regulations
 through the installation and operation of  bus  operation-related  photo
 devices,  in  accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter[,]; OR
 (IX) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING  PARK-
 ING  RULES  AS  DEFINED  BY  ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED
 PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY  ON  THE  OWNER  OF  A
 VEHICLE  FOR  FAILURE OF AN  OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STREET
 CLEANING PARKING RULES THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF  STREET
 CLEANING  VEHICLE  PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR
 OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or [his or her] THEIR agent shall deny
 the registration or renewal application  until  the  applicant  provides
 proof  from the court, traffic and parking violations agency or adminis-
 trative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an  appearance  or
 answer  has  been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that
 [he or she] SUCH APPLICANT has complied with the rules  and  regulations
 of  said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an applica-
 tion is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may,  in  [his
 or  her] THEIR discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to
 any other person for the same vehicle and may  deny  a  registration  or
 renewal  application  for any other motor vehicle registered in the name
 of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such  regis-
 trant's  intent  has  been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and
 where the commissioner has  reasonable  grounds  to  believe  that  such
 registration  or  renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes
 of this subdivision. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long  as
 the  summonses  remain  unanswered,  or in the case of an administrative
 tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and  regulations
 following entry of a final decision.
   §  9.  Subdivision 1-a of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 9 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023, is
 amended to read as follows:
   1-a.  Notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  subdivision  one  of  this
 section,  the  provisions  of  subdivision one of this section shall not
 apply to an adjudication of liability of owners: (a) for  violations  of
 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed
 pursuant  to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the
 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator  thereof  to  comply  with
 traffic-control  indications  through  the installation and operation of
 traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance
 with article twenty-four of this  chapter;  or  (b)  for  violations  of
 subdivision  (b),  (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty
 of this chapter imposed pursuant to  a  demonstration  program  imposing
 monetary  liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
 thereof to comply with such posted  maximum  speed  limits  through  the
 installation  and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,
 A. 8902--B                         18
 
 in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or (c) for violations
 of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chap-
 ter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit  program  imposing  monetary
 liability  on  the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
 to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the  installation  and
 operation  of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-
 four of this chapter; or (d) for violations  of  toll  collection  regu-
 lations  imposed  by  certain  public  authorities  pursuant  to the law
 authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability on  the
 owner  of  a  vehicle  for failure of an operator thereof to comply with
 toll collection regulations  of  such  public  authorities  through  the
 installation  and  operation  of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance
 with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five  of
 the  public  authorities  law  and  sections  sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and
 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of  nineteen
 hundred  fifty; or (e) for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-
 four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked  and  equipped  as
 provided  in  subdivisions  twenty  and  twenty-one-c  of  section three
 hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law  or
 ordinance  imposing  monetary  liability  on  the owner of a vehicle for
 failure of an operator thereof to comply  with  school  bus  red  visual
 signals  through  the  installation  and  operation  of school bus photo
 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine  of
 this chapter; or (f) for violations of section three hundred eighty-five
 of this chapter and the rules of the department of transportation of the
 city  of New York in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight
 violations imposed pursuant to a weigh in motion  demonstration  program
 imposing  monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an
 operator thereof to comply with such gross vehicle  weight  and/or  axle
 weight  restrictions  through the installation and operation of weigh in
 motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article  ten  of
 this  chapter; or (g) for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g)
 of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant  to  a
 demonstration  program  imposing  monetary  liability  on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply  with  such  posted
 maximum  speed  limits within a highway construction or maintenance work
 area through the installation and operation  of  photo  speed  violation
 monitoring  systems,  in accordance with article thirty of this chapter;
 or (h) for violations of bus operation-related  traffic  regulations  as
 defined  by  article  twenty-four  of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 demonstration program imposing monetary liability  on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper-
 ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation
 of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen-
 ty-four  of this chapter; OR (I) FOR VIOLATIONS OF STREET CLEANING PARK-
 ING RULES AS DEFINED BY ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR  OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IMPOSED
 PURSUANT  TO  A  PROGRAM  IMPOSING  MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A
 VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY  WITH  SUCH  STREET
 CLEANING  PARKING RULES THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET
 CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH  ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR
 OF THIS CHAPTER.
   §  10. Subdivision 1 of section 1809-a of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as amended by section 10 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws  of  2023,
 is amended to read as follows:
   1. The provisions of any other general or special law notwithstanding,
 whenever,  in a city having a population of one hundred thousand or more
 A. 8902--B                         19
 
 according  to  the  nineteen  hundred  eighty  United   States   census,
 proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court result in a finding
 of liability, or conviction for the violation of any statute, local law,
 ordinance or rule involving the parking, stopping or standing of a motor
 vehicle,  except  (A)  an  adjudication  of  liability of an owner for a
 violation of bus operation-related traffic  regulations  as  defined  by
 article  twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration
 program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for  fail-
 ure  of  an  operator  thereof to comply with such bus operation-related
 traffic regulations through the installation and operation of bus opera-
 tion-related photo devices, in accordance with  article  twenty-four  of
 this  chapter,  OR  (B)  AN  ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A
 VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS DEFINED BY  ARTICLE  TWEN-
 TY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED  PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY
 LIABILITY  ON  THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF
 TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES THROUGH THE  INSTALLA-
 TION  AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO DEVICES, IN ACCORD-
 ANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be  levied  a
 mandatory  surcharge  in addition to any other sentence, fine or penalty
 otherwise permitted or required, in the amount of fifteen dollars.  Such
 surcharge  shall  not  be  deemed a monetary penalty for the purposes of
 section two hundred thirty-seven of this chapter or  section  19-203  of
 the administrative code of the city of New York.
   § 11. Subdivision 1 of section 1809-aa of the vehicle and traffic law,
 as  amended  by section 11 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023,
 is amended to read as follows:
   1. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 an administrative tribunal  or  court  result  in  a  conviction  for  a
 violation  of  section  twelve  hundred,  twelve  hundred  one or twelve
 hundred two of this chapter, except (A) an adjudication of liability  of
 an owner for a violation of bus operation-related traffic regulations as
 defined  by  article  twenty-four  of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 demonstration program imposing monetary liability  on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper-
 ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation
 of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen-
 ty-four  of  this  chapter,  OR  (B)  AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN
 OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES AS  DEFINED    BY
 ARTICLE  TWENTY-FOUR    OF  THIS  CHAPTER  IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM
 IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY  ON  THE  OWNER  OF  A VEHICLE  FOR  FAILURE
 OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STREET CLEANING PARKING RULES
 THROUGH  THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO
 DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS  CHAPTER,  there
 shall be levied a mandatory surcharge in addition to any other sentence,
 fine  or penalty otherwise permitted or required, in the amount of twen-
 ty-five dollars.
   § 12. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e  of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law,  as amended by section 12 of part MM of chapter 56 of
 the laws of 2023, is amended to read as follows:
   a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in
 a court or  an  administrative  tribunal  of  this  state  result  in  a
 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu-
 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf-
 fic  infraction  under  this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or
 regulation adopted pursuant to  this  chapter,  except:  (i)  a  traffic
 infraction  involving  standing,  stopping,  or parking or violations by
 A. 8902--B                         20
 
 pedestrians or bicyclists; and (ii) an adjudication of liability  of  an
 owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev-
 en of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing
 monetary  liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator
 thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through the installa-
 tion and operation of traffic-control signal photo  violation-monitoring
 systems,  in  accordance  with  article twenty-four of this chapter; and
 (iii) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi-
 vision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section  eleven  hundred  eighty  of
 this  chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing mone-
 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle  for  failure  of  an  operator
 thereof  to  comply  with  such  posted maximum speed limits through the
 installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring  systems,
 in  accordance  with article thirty of this chapter; and (iv) an adjudi-
 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of bus lane restrictions
 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to  a
 bus  rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus  lane
 restrictions  through  the  installation and operation of bus lane photo
 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; and (v)
 an adjudication of liability  of  an  owner  for  a  violation  of  toll
 collection regulations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to
 the law authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability
 on  the  owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply
 with toll collection regulations of such public authorities through  the
 installation  and  operation  of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance
 with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author-
 ities law or sections sixteen-a,  sixteen-b  and  sixteen-c  of  chapter
 seven  hundred  seventy-four  of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; and
 (vi) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section
 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter when meeting  a  school  bus
 marked  and equipped as provided in subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c
 of section three hundred seventy-five of this chapter  imposed  pursuant
 to  a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of
 a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with  school  bus
 red  visual signals through the installation and operation of school bus
 photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with  article  twenty-
 nine of this chapter; and (vii) an adjudication of liability of an owner
 for a violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and
 the rules of the department of transportation of the city of New York in
 relation  to  gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed
 pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration  program  imposing  monetary
 liability  on  the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof
 to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions
 through the installation and operation  of  weigh  in  motion  violation
 monitoring  systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; and
 (viii) an adjudication of liability of  an  owner  for  a  violation  of
 subdivision  (b),  (d),  (f)  or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of
 this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing  mone-
 tary  liability  on  the  owner  of a vehicle for failure of an operator
 thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits within a highway
 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper-
 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems,  in  accordance  with
 article thirty of this chapter; and (ix) an adjudication of liability of
 an owner for a violation of bus operation-related traffic regulations as
 defined  by  article  twenty-four  of this chapter imposed pursuant to a
 A. 8902--B                         21
 
 demonstration program imposing monetary liability  on  the  owner  of  a
 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper-
 ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation
 of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen-
 ty-four  of  this  chapter;  AND  (X) AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN
 OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF STREET CLEANING PARKING  RULES  AS  DEFINED  BY
 ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOS-
 ING  MONETARY  LIABILITY    ON  THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN
 OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY  WITH  SUCH  STREET  CLEANING  PARKING  RULES
 THROUGH  THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET CLEANING VEHICLE PHOTO
 DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-FOUR OF THIS  CHAPTER,  there
 shall  be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge
 required or permitted by law, an additional  surcharge  of  twenty-eight
 dollars.
   §  13.  Subdivision  2  of  section  87  of the public officers law is
 amended by adding a new paragraph (u) to read as follows:
   (U) ARE PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED
 IMAGES  PREPARED  UNDER  AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED ELEVEN-H OF
 THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
   § 14. This act shall take effect one year after it shall have become a
 law; provided, however, that sections one and thirteen of this act shall
 expire July 1, 2029, when upon such date the provisions of such sections
 shall be deemed repealed; provided further, however, that:
   (a) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809-a of  the  vehicle
 and  traffic  law  made  by section ten of this act shall not affect the
 repeal of such section and shall be deemed repealed therewith;
   (b) if section 2 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws  of  2023  shall
 not  have  taken  effect on or before such date then section two of this
 act shall take effect on the same date and in the same  manner  as  such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (c)  if  section  3 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023 shall
 not have taken effect on or before such date then section three of  this
 act  shall  take  effect on the same date and in the same manner as such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (d) if section 4 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws  of  2023  shall
 not  have  taken effect on or before such date then section four of this
 act shall take effect on the same date and in the same  manner  as  such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (e)  if  section  5 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023 shall
 not have taken effect on or before such date then section five  of  this
 act  shall  take  effect on the same date and in the same manner as such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (f) if section 6 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws  of  2023  shall
 not  have  taken  effect on or before such date then section six of this
 act shall take effect on the same date and in the same  manner  as  such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (g)  if  section  7 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023 shall
 not have taken effect on or before such date then section seven of  this
 act  shall  take  effect on the same date and in the same manner as such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (h) if section 8 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws  of  2023  shall
 not  have taken effect on or before such date then section eight of this
 act shall take effect on the same date and in the same  manner  as  such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (i)  if  section  9 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023 shall
 not have taken effect on or before such date then section nine  of  this
 A. 8902--B                         22
 
 act  shall  take  effect on the same date and in the same manner as such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (j)  if  section 10 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023 shall
 not have taken effect on or before such date then section  ten  of  this
 act  shall  take  effect on the same date and in the same manner as such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (k) if section 11 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of  2023  shall
 not have taken effect on or before such date then section eleven of this
 act  shall  take  effect on the same date and in the same manner as such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect;
   (l) if section 12 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of  2023  shall
 not have taken effect on or before such date then section twelve of this
 act  shall  take  effect on the same date and in the same manner as such
 chapter of the laws of 2023, takes effect.
   Effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or  repeal  of  any
 rule  or  regulation  necessary for the implementation of section one of
 this act on its effective date are authorized to be made  and  completed
 on or before such effective date.