S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________
1101
2023-2024 Regular Sessions
I N A S S E M B L Y
January 13, 2023
___________
Introduced by M. of A. KELLES, MITAYNES, THIELE, BICHOTTE HERMELYN,
EPSTEIN, PAULIN, GONZALEZ-ROJAS, CARROLL, SIMON, MAMDANI, REYES, FAHY,
LUPARDO, GALLAGHER, STECK, D. ROSENTHAL, CLARK, SEAWRIGHT, L. ROSEN-
THAL, KIM, FORREST, ZEBROWSKI, CRUZ, JACKSON, BURGOS, WALKER, ZINER-
MAN, DICKENS, SEPTIMO, DAVILA, BURDICK, STERN, STIRPE, ANDERSON,
DARLING, PRETLOW, CONRAD, JACOBSON, McMAHON, LUNSFORD, SAYEGH, RAMOS,
COLTON, LAVINE, GLICK, GIBBS, HEVESI, BRONSON, BURKE, TAYLOR,
JEAN-PIERRE, OTIS, DINOWITZ -- Multi-Sponsored by -- M. of A. COOK --
read once and referred to the Committee on Governmental Employees
AN ACT to amend the education law, in relation to requiring the New York
state teachers' retirement system to divest the retirement system of
any investments in corporations or companies included on an exclusion
list of coal producers and oil and gas producers
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. This act shall be known and may be cited as the "teachers'
fossil fuel divestment act".
§ 2. Legislative findings. 1. a. Climate change is a real and serious
threat to the health, welfare, and prosperity of all New Yorkers, now
and in the future. Maintaining the status quo of fossil fuel energy
production will lead to catastrophic results.
b. In July 2019, New York state passed the climate leadership and
community protection act and committed to reducing statewide greenhouse
gas emissions by eighty-five percent by 2050 and net zero emissions in
all sectors of the economy. Other cities and states have chosen to
pursue similar paths to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
c. The threat of climate change, and the transformation of the global
energy system that will be necessary to mitigate it, will have a serious
negative impact on investors whose assets are not aligned with the goal
of keeping the global average temperature increase below 1.5 degrees
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD03486-01-3
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Celsius, as determined by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change.
d. There are no existing legal or fiduciary duties that require New
York state's pension funds to invest in energy sources that are harmful
to the environment, or in contradiction to the goals of the climate
leadership and community protection act. Rather, there are alternative
investments that are available to our pension funds that do not present
such harms.
e. Many cities and states have recognized the harmful effects of
pension and investment funds investing in fossil fuels and have commit-
ted to divesting those funds. Over 1,100 institutional investors repres-
enting more than $11 trillion in holdings have chosen to pursue full or
partial divestment from fossil fuel producers, including the New York
city employees retirement system, the endowment and pension funds of the
University of California system, and the sovereign wealth funds of
Norway and Ireland.
2. a. Continued investment in fossil fuel producers poses unacceptable
risks to the people of the state of New York, as well as the long-term
sustainability of the New York state teachers' retirement system.
b. Investment in dangerous and harmful fossil fuels is not mandated by
law. The New York state common retirement fund, consistent with its
fiduciary duties, has committed to complete reviews of all fossil fuel
investments by 2025 and to divest from companies that fail to meet mini-
mum standards. It has also set a precedent by choosing to divest from
certain industries in the past due to the moral implications of their
business models, including private prisons, firearms manufacturers, and
companies doing business with Sudan, all while complying with the comp-
troller's fiduciary obligations.
c. New York owes duties to its residents, and the New York state
teachers' retirement system owes duties to future beneficiaries. These
duties can and should reasonably include considerations of human inter-
ests, quality of life, public safety and security, and ultimately
require a shift away from fossil fuels to help mitigate the future
adverse effects of climate change.
d. According to the U.S. Department of Labor's interpretive bulletin
2015-1, environmental issues "may have a direct relationship to the
economic value of the plan's investment, and are not merely collateral
considerations or tie-breakers, but rather are proper components of the
fiduciary's primary analysis of the economic merits of competing invest-
ment choices."
e. Attempting to profit from investments in companies whose business
models, public relations campaigns, and lobbying efforts not only fail
to comply with New York's statutory climate goals, but also put the
stability of our society and the safety of our citizens at risk, is
neither morally acceptable nor in compliance with the legislature's
responsibility to protect the financial security of current and future
pension beneficiaries.
f. Currently, the majority of fossil fuel producers are not adjusting
their business models to take into account the changing energy market,
investing billions of dollars in exploring and extracting new reserves,
creating stranded asset risk and the potential for rapid, unexpected,
and significant loss of value.
g. Attempting to beat the market by holding these investments until
the last possible moment is a high-risk strategy that could result in
the loss of investment principal. In the words of the decarbonization
advisory panel for the New York state common retirement fund, "being too
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early in the avoidance of the risk of permanent loss is much less of a
danger than being too late."
h. In addition to the risks regarding retirement security, continued
investment in the fossil fuel industry is counterproductive to the goals
set forth in the climate leadership and community protection act.
§ 3. The education law is amended by adding a new section 508-b to
read as follows:
§ 508-B. FOSSIL FUEL DIVESTMENT. 1. DEFINITIONS. AS USED IN THIS
SECTION:
A. "COAL PRODUCER" MEANS ANY CORPORATION OR COMPANY, OR ANY SUBSIDIARY
OR PARENT OF ANY CORPORATION OR COMPANY OR PARTNERSHIP OR OTHER LEGAL
ENTITY, THAT DERIVES AT LEAST TEN PERCENT OF ANNUAL REVENUE FROM THERMAL
COAL PRODUCTION, OR ACCOUNTS FOR MORE THAN ONE PERCENT OF GLOBAL
PRODUCTION OF THERMAL COAL, OR WHOSE REPORTED COAL RESERVES CONTAIN MORE
THAN 0.3 GIGATONS OF POTENTIAL CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS;
B. "EXCLUSION LIST" MEANS THE LIST CREATED PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH A OF
SUBDIVISION TWO OF THIS SECTION;
C. "OIL AND GAS PRODUCER" MEANS ANY CORPORATION OR COMPANY, OR ANY
SUBSIDIARY OR PARENT OF ANY CORPORATION OR COMPANY OR PARTNERSHIP OR
OTHER LEGAL ENTITY, THAT DERIVES AT LEAST TWENTY PERCENT OF ANNUAL
REVENUE FROM OIL OR GAS PRODUCTION, OR ACCOUNTS FOR MORE THAN ONE
PERCENT OF GLOBAL OIL OR GAS PRODUCTION, OR WHOSE REPORTED COMBINED OIL
AND GAS RESERVES CONTAIN MORE THAN 0.1 GIGATONS OF POTENTIAL CARBON
DIOXIDE EMISSIONS;
D. "OIL OR GAS PRODUCTION" MEANS EXPLORATION, EXTRACTION, DRILLING,
PRODUCTION, REFINING, PROCESSING, OR DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITIES RELATED TO
OIL OR GAS;
E. "THERMAL COAL PRODUCTION" MEANS MINING, TRANSPORT, PROCESSING, OR
EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THERMAL COAL;
F. "OIL AND GAS EQUIPMENT, SERVICES, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE" MEANS
SERVICES, TRANSPORTATION OR STORAGE ACTIVITIES RELATED TO OIL AND GAS;
AND
G. "INDEX FUND" MEANS A PASSIVE INVESTMENT STRATEGY THAT TRACKS A
MARKET INDEX.
2. FOSSIL FUEL COMPANY EXCLUSION LIST. A. WITHIN SIX MONTHS OF THE
EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS SECTION, THE RETIREMENT BOARD SHALL CREATE AN
EXCLUSION LIST OF ALL COAL PRODUCERS AND OIL AND GAS PRODUCERS IN WHOSE
STOCKS, SECURITIES, EQUITIES, FIXED INCOME, ASSETS, OR OTHER OBLIGATIONS
THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM HAS ANY MONIES OR ASSETS DIRECTLY INVESTED.
B. UPON COMPLETION OF THE EXCLUSION LIST, IT SHALL BE MADE PUBLICLY
AVAILABLE AND A COPY SHALL BE SENT TO THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE
SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY.
C. THE RETIREMENT BOARD SHALL SUBMIT NOTIFICATION TO ANY CORPORATION
OR COMPANY THAT HAS BEEN INCLUDED IN THE EXCLUSION LIST INFORMING THEM
OF THEIR INCLUSION ON SUCH LIST, AS WELL AS THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS
SECTION.
D. AT THE RETIREMENT BOARD'S DISCRETION, BUT NO LATER THAN TWO YEARS
AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE EXCLUSION LIST, AND NO LESS FREQUENTLY THAN
BIENNIALLY THEREAFTER, THE RETIREMENT BOARD SHALL UPDATE THE EXCLUSION
LIST TO REMOVE ANY CORPORATION OR COMPANY THAT IS NO LONGER A COAL
PRODUCER OR AN OIL AND GAS PRODUCER AND ADD ANY CORPORATION OR COMPANY
NECESSARY TO COMPLY WITH PARAGRAPH A OF THIS SUBDIVISION.
3. REMOVAL FROM THE EXCLUSION LIST. A. AT ANY TIME FOLLOWING THE
PUBLICATION OF THE EXCLUSION LIST, ANY CORPORATION OR COMPANY INCLUDED
IN THE LIST MAY SUBMIT TO THE RETIREMENT BOARD A REQUEST FOR REMOVAL ON
THE BASIS OF CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE THAT THEY ARE NOT CURRENTLY A
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COAL PRODUCER OR AN OIL AND GAS PRODUCER AS DEFINED IN SUBDIVISION ONE
OF THIS SECTION.
B. UPON SATISFACTION THAT A CORPORATION OR COMPANY HAS MET THE
REQUIREMENTS OF PARAGRAPH A OF THIS SUBDIVISION, THE RETIREMENT BOARD
SHALL REMOVE SUCH CORPORATION OR COMPANY FROM THE EXCLUSION LIST AND
PROVIDE A WRITTEN EXPLANATION FOR SUCH REMOVAL TO THE TEMPORARY PRESI-
DENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY.
4. COMPLIANCE WITH FIDUCIARY DUTIES. A. NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL
REQUIRE A BOARD TO TAKE ACTION AS DESCRIBED IN THIS SECTION UNLESS THE
BOARD DETERMINES IN GOOD FAITH THAT THE ACTION DESCRIBED IN THIS SECTION
IS CONSISTENT WITH THE FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE BOARD UNDER THE
NEW YORK STATE CONSTITUTION. ANY NEW INVESTMENTS MUST COMPLY WITH THE
FIDUCIARY OBLIGATIONS AND THE PRUDENT INVESTOR RULE AS DEFINED BY
SECTION 11-2.3 OF THE ESTATES, POWERS AND TRUSTS LAW.
B. NO PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION SHALL BE AVAILABLE AGAINST THE RETIRE-
MENT SYSTEM, ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES, OR ANY PRESENT, FUTURE, AND FORMER
BOARD MEMBER OF THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM FOR DIVESTING RETIREMENT SYSTEM
ASSETS PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IN GOOD FAITH.
C. NO PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION SHALL BE AVAILABLE AGAINST THE STATE
PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
5. DIVESTMENT. A. COMMENCING ONE YEAR AFTER THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS
SECTION, AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH SOUND INVESTMENT CRITERIA AND CONSISTENT
WITH ITS FIDUCIARY OBLIGATIONS, THE RETIREMENT BOARD AND ANY INVESTMENT
MANAGERS UNDER CONTRACT WITH THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM SHALL: (I) DIVEST THE
RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF ANY STOCKS, SECURITIES, EQUITIES, ASSETS, OR OTHER
OBLIGATIONS OF CORPORATIONS OR COMPANIES ON THE EXCLUSION LIST IN WHICH
ANY MONIES OR ASSETS OF THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM ARE INVESTED; AND (II)
CEASE NEW INVESTMENTS OF ANY MONIES OR ASSETS OF THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM
IN ANY STOCKS, SECURITIES, OR OTHER OBLIGATIONS OF ANY CORPORATION OR
COMPANY THAT IS A COAL PRODUCER OR OIL AND GAS PRODUCER AS DEFINED HERE-
IN.
B. DIVESTMENT FROM OIL AND GAS PRODUCERS PURSUANT TO THIS SUBDIVISION
SHALL BE COMPLETED NO LATER THAN TWO YEARS FROM THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF
THIS SECTION. DIVESTMENT FROM OIL AND GAS PRODUCERS RETURNED TO THE
EXCLUSION LIST PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH C OF SUBDIVISION FOUR OF THIS
SECTION SHALL BE COMPLETED NO LATER THAN TWO YEARS FROM THE DATE OF
RETURN TO THE EXCLUSION LIST.
C. DIVESTMENT FROM COAL PRODUCERS PURSUANT TO THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL
BE COMPLETED NO LATER THAN ONE YEAR FROM THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS
SECTION. DIVESTMENT FROM COAL PRODUCERS RETURNED TO THE EXCLUSION LIST
PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH C OF SUBDIVISION TWO OF THIS SECTION SHALL BE
COMPLETED NO LATER THAN ONE YEAR FROM THE DATE OF RETURN TO THE EXCLU-
SION LIST.
D. DIVESTMENT FROM PRIVATE EQUITY AND PRIVATE DEBT INVESTMENTS PURSU-
ANT TO THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL OCCUR EXPEDITIOUSLY IN A GOOD FAITH
ATTEMPT TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPHS B AND C OF THIS
SUBDIVISION, BUT NO LATER THAN FIVE YEARS FROM THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF
THIS SECTION.
E. THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM SHALL HAVE THE DISCRETION TO DIVEST FROM ANY
OTHER ENTITIES THAT IT IN GOOD FAITH BELIEVES ARE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY
FINANCING OIL AND GAS PRODUCERS, OR COAL PRODUCERS, REGARDLESS OF WHETH-
ER SUCH ENTITY OTHERWISE MEETS THE CRITERIA OF THIS SUBDIVISION.
6. LIMITATIONS ON INDIRECT INVESTMENT. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY PROVISIONS
IN THIS SECTION TO THE CONTRARY, AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH SOUND INVESTMENT
CRITERIA AND CONSISTENT WITH ITS FIDUCIARY OBLIGATIONS, THE RETIREMENT
BOARD SHALL BE PERMITTED TO INVEST IN INDEX FUNDS IF THE BOARD IS SATIS-
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FIED ON REASONABLE GROUNDS AND IN GOOD FAITH THAT SUCH INDIRECT INVEST-
MENT VEHICLE DOES NOT HAVE IN EXCESS OF ONE PERCENT OF ITS ASSETS, AVER-
AGED ANNUALLY, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY INVESTED IN COAL PRODUCERS AND OIL
AND GAS PRODUCERS.
7. REPORTING. A. COMMENCING ONE YEAR AFTER THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS
SECTION AND ANNUALLY THEREAFTER THE RETIREMENT BOARD SHALL ISSUE A
REPORT TO THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE
ASSEMBLY AND SHALL MAKE SUCH REPORT PUBLICLY AVAILABLE, OUTLINING ALL
ACTIONS TAKEN TO COMPLY WITH THIS SECTION.
B. TO THE EXTENT THAT THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM HAS REMAINING PRIVATE
EQUITY OR PRIVATE DEBT INVESTMENTS IN ANY OIL AND GAS PRODUCERS, OR COAL
PRODUCERS, THE RETIREMENT BOARD SHALL PROMINENTLY MAKE NOTE OF SUCH
INVESTMENTS AND ALL ATTEMPTS THAT HAVE BEEN MADE TO EXPEDITIOUSLY
COMPLETE ITS DIVESTMENT OBLIGATIONS TO DATE. THE BOARD SHALL PROVIDE
PUBLIC NOTICE OF THIS ANNUAL REPORT AND AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PUBLIC
COMMENT ON THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM'S DIVESTMENTS PURSUANT TO THIS ACT OF
AT LEAST SIXTY DAYS.
§ 4. This act shall take effect immediately.