S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   6632
 
                        2023-2024 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                                May 2, 2023
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by  Sen.  MAY  --  read  twice and ordered printed, and when
   printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation
 
 AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the public officers law,
   in relation to authorizing the city of Syracuse to establish a  demon-
   stration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle
   for failure of an operator thereof to comply with posted maximum speed
   limits  in  a  school speed zone; and providing for the repeal of such
   provisions upon expiration thereof
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section  1.  The  vehicle  and  traffic law is amended by adding a new
 section 1180-f to read as follows:
   § 1180-F. OWNER LIABILITY FOR  FAILURE  OF  OPERATOR  TO  COMPLY  WITH
 CERTAIN  POSTED  MAXIMUM  SPEED LIMITS. (A) 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER
 PROVISION OF LAW, THE CITY OF SYRACUSE IS HEREBY AUTHORIZED TO ESTABLISH
 A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE  OWNER  OF  A
 VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH POSTED MAXIMUM
 SPEED  LIMITS  IN A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE WITHIN SUCH CITY (I) WHEN A SCHOOL
 SPEED LIMIT IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPHS ONE AND TWO OF SUBDI-
 VISION (C) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (II) WHEN
 OTHER SPEED LIMITS ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),
 (F)  OR  (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE DURING THE
 FOLLOWING TIMES: (A) ON SCHOOL DAYS DURING SCHOOL  HOURS  AND  ONE  HOUR
 BEFORE  AND  ONE  HOUR  AFTER  THE  SCHOOL  DAY, AND (B) A PERIOD DURING
 STUDENT ACTIVITIES AT THE SCHOOL AND UP TO  THIRTY  MINUTES  IMMEDIATELY
 BEFORE  AND  UP  TO THIRTY MINUTES IMMEDIATELY AFTER SUCH STUDENT ACTIV-
 ITIES. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER THE CITY OF SYRACUSE  TO
 INSTALL  PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING SYSTEMS WITHIN NO MORE THAN
 THIRTY-FOUR SCHOOL SPEED ZONES WITHIN SUCH CITY AT ANY ONE TIME  AND  TO
 OPERATE  SUCH  SYSTEMS WITHIN SUCH ZONES (III) WHEN A SCHOOL SPEED LIMIT
 IS IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPHS ONE AND TWO OF SUBDIVISION (C) OF
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD11106-03-3
              

 S. 6632                             2
 
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE OR (IV) WHEN  OTHER  SPEED
 LIMITS  ARE IN EFFECT AS PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION (B), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE  DURING  THE  FOLLOWING
 TIMES:  (A)  ON  SCHOOL DAYS DURING SCHOOL HOURS AND ONE HOUR BEFORE AND
 ONE HOUR AFTER THE SCHOOL DAY, AND (B) A PERIOD  DURING  STUDENT  ACTIV-
 ITIES  AT  THE SCHOOL AND UP TO THIRTY MINUTES IMMEDIATELY BEFORE AND UP
 TO THIRTY MINUTES IMMEDIATELY AFTER SUCH STUDENT ACTIVITIES. IN  SELECT-
 ING  A  SCHOOL  SPEED ZONE IN WHICH TO INSTALL AND OPERATE A PHOTO SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, THE CITY SHALL CONSIDER CRITERIA INCLUDING,
 BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE SPEED DATA, CRASH HISTORY, AND THE ROADWAY GEOM-
 ETRY APPLICABLE TO SUCH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE.
   2. NO PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING  SYSTEM  SHALL  BE  USED  IN  A
 SCHOOL SPEED ZONE UNLESS (I) ON THE DAY IT IS TO BE USED IT HAS SUCCESS-
 FULLY  PASSED A SELF-TEST OF ITS FUNCTIONS; AND (II) IT HAS UNDERGONE AN
 ANNUAL CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH  FOUR  OF  THIS
 SUBDIVISION.  THE  CITY  SHALL  INSTALL SIGNS GIVING NOTICE THAT A PHOTO
 SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS IN USE TO  BE  MOUNTED  ON  ADVANCE
 WARNING  SIGNS NOTIFYING MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATORS OF SUCH UPCOMING SCHOOL
 SPEED ZONE AND/OR ON SPEED LIMIT SIGNS  APPLICABLE  WITHIN  SUCH  SCHOOL
 SPEED ZONE, IN CONFORMANCE WITH STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN THE MUTCD.
   3.  OPERATORS  OF  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL HAVE
 COMPLETED TRAINING IN THE PROCEDURES FOR SETTING UP, TESTING, AND  OPER-
 ATING  SUCH  SYSTEMS. EACH SUCH OPERATOR SHALL COMPLETE AND SIGN A DAILY
 SET-UP LOG FOR EACH SUCH SYSTEM THAT HE OR SHE OPERATES THAT (I)  STATES
 THE  DATE  AND  TIME WHEN, AND THE LOCATION WHERE, THE SYSTEM WAS SET UP
 THAT DAY, AND (II) STATES THAT SUCH OPERATOR SUCCESSFULLY PERFORMED, AND
 THE SYSTEM PASSED, THE SELF-TESTS OF  SUCH  SYSTEM  BEFORE  PRODUCING  A
 RECORDED IMAGE THAT DAY. THE CITY SHALL RETAIN EACH SUCH DAILY LOG UNTIL
 THE  LATER  OF  THE  DATE  ON WHICH THE PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING
 SYSTEM TO WHICH IT APPLIES HAS BEEN PERMANENTLY REMOVED FROM USE OR  THE
 FINAL  RESOLUTION  OF  ALL  CASES  INVOLVING NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED
 BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED
 IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH SYSTEM.
   4. EACH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL UNDERGO AN ANNU-
 AL  CALIBRATION CHECK PERFORMED BY AN INDEPENDENT CALIBRATION LABORATORY
 WHICH SHALL ISSUE A SIGNED CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION.  THE  CITY  SHALL
 KEEP EACH SUCH ANNUAL CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION ON FILE UNTIL THE FINAL
 RESOLUTION  OF  ALL  CASES INVOLVING A NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED DURING
 SUCH YEAR WHICH WERE BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE
 OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITOR-
 ING SYSTEM.
   5. (I) SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES
 TO  ENSURE,  TO  THE  EXTENT  PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH PHOTO  SPEED
 VIOLATION  MONITORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY THE
 DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE  CONTENTS  OF  THE  VEHICLE.    PROVIDED,
 HOWEVER,  THAT  NO  NOTICE  OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION
 SHALL BE DISMISSED SOLELY BECAUSE SUCH  A  PHOTOGRAPH,  MICROPHOTOGRAPH,
 VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER RECORDED IMAGE ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE
 DRIVER, THE PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF VEHICLES WHERE THE CITY SHOWS
 THAT IT MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO COMPLY WITH THE  PROVISIONS  OF  THIS
 PARAGRAPH IN SUCH CASE.
   (II)  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR ANY OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGE FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL  BE  FOR  THE
 EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE CITY FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE ADJUDICATION OF LIABIL-
 ITY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND OF THE OWNER RECEIVING A NOTICE
 S. 6632                             3
 
 OF  LIABILITY  PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION, AND SHALL BE DESTROYED BY THE
 CITY UPON THE FINAL RESOLUTION OF THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY TO WHICH  SUCH
 PHOTOGRAPHS,   MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES
 RELATE,  OR  ONE  YEAR  FOLLOWING THE DATE OF ISSUANCE OF SUCH NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY, WHICHEVER IS LATER. NOTWITHSTANDING  THE  PROVISIONS  OF  ANY
 OTHER  LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY, PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGE  FROM  A  PHOTO  SPEED
 VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM SHALL NOT BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, NOR SUBJECT
 TO  CIVIL  OR  CRIMINAL  PROCESS  OR DISCOVERY, NOR USED BY ANY COURT OR
 ADMINISTRATIVE OR ADJUDICATORY BODY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING  THEREIN
 EXCEPT  THAT  WHICH  IS  NECESSARY  FOR  THE ADJUDICATION OF A NOTICE OF
 LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS  SECTION,  AND  NO  PUBLIC  ENTITY  OR
 EMPLOYEE,  OFFICER  OR  AGENT  THEREOF  SHALL DISCLOSE SUCH INFORMATION,
 EXCEPT THAT SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR  ANY  OTHER
 RECORDED IMAGES FROM SUCH SYSTEMS:
   (A) SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION AND COPYING AND USE BY THE MOTOR
 VEHICLE  OWNER AND OPERATOR FOR SO LONG AS SUCH PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTO-
 GRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES ARE REQUIRED TO BE MAINTAINED
 OR ARE MAINTAINED BY SUCH PUBLIC ENTITY, EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR AGENT; AND
   (B) (1) SHALL BE FURNISHED WHEN DESCRIBED IN A SEARCH  WARRANT  ISSUED
 BY A COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE
 SIX  HUNDRED  NINETY  OF  THE  CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A FEDERAL COURT
 AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH A SEARCH WARRANT UNDER FEDERAL LAW, WHERE  SUCH
 SEARCH  WARRANT  STATES  THAT  THERE IS REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH
 INFORMATION CONSTITUTES EVIDENCE OF, OR TENDS  TO  DEMONSTRATE  THAT,  A
 MISDEMEANOR  OR  FELONY  OFFENSE  WAS COMMITTED IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER
 STATE, OR THAT A PARTICULAR PERSON PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMISSION  OF  A
 MISDEMEANOR  OR FELONY OFFENSE IN THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED,
 HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, THE
 COURT SHALL ONLY ISSUE A WARRANT IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH  OFFENSE
 WOULD,  IF  OCCURRING  IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY
 AGAINST THE LAWS OF THIS STATE; AND
   (2) SHALL BE FURNISHED IN RESPONSE TO A SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM SIGNED BY
 A JUDGE OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION AND ISSUED  PURSUANT  TO  ARTICLE  SIX
 HUNDRED  TEN OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OR A JUDGE OR MAGISTRATE OF A
 FEDERAL COURT AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE SUCH  A  SUBPOENA  DUCES  TECUM  UNDER
 FEDERAL LAW, WHERE THE JUDGE FINDS AND THE SUBPOENA STATES THAT THERE IS
 REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE SUCH INFORMATION IS RELEVANT AND MATERIAL TO
 THE  PROSECUTION,  OR THE DEFENSE, OR THE INVESTIGATION BY AN AUTHORIZED
 LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL, OF THE ALLEGED COMMISSION OF A MISDEMEANOR  OR
 FELONY  IN  THIS STATE OR ANOTHER STATE, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT IF SUCH
 OFFENSE WAS AGAINST THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE, SUCH JUDGE OR  MAGISTRATE
 SHALL  ONLY  ISSUE  SUCH SUBPOENA IF THE CONDUCT COMPRISING SUCH OFFENSE
 WOULD, IF OCCURRING IN THIS STATE, CONSTITUTE A MISDEMEANOR OR FELONY IN
 THIS STATE; AND
   (3) MAY, IF LAWFULLY OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THIS CLAUSE AND  CLAUSE  (A)
 OF  THIS SUBPARAGRAPH AND OTHERWISE ADMISSIBLE, BE USED IN SUCH CRIMINAL
 ACTION OR PROCEEDING.
   (B) IF THE CITY OF SYRACUSE ESTABLISHES A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSU-
 ANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL  BE
 LIABLE  FOR  A  PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE
 WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH  THE  PERMISSION  OF  THE  OWNER,  EXPRESS  OR
 IMPLIED,  WITHIN  A SCHOOL SPEED ZONE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR
 DURING THE TIMES AUTHORIZED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS  SECTION
 IN  VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION  (B),  (D),  (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN
 HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE, SUCH VEHICLE WAS TRAVELING AT A SPEED OF
 S. 6632                             4
 
 MORE THAN TEN MILES PER HOUR ABOVE THE  POSTED  SPEED  LIMIT  IN  EFFECT
 WITHIN SUCH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFOR-
 MATION OBTAINED FROM A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED
 HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED
 PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION  WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN
 CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D),  (F)
 OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (C)  FOR  PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE
 FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   1. "MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES" OR "MUTCD"  SHALL  MEAN
 THE  MANUAL  AND  SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF TRAFFIC CONTROL
 DEVICES MAINTAINED BY THE COMMISSIONER  OF  TRANSPORTATION  PURSUANT  TO
 SECTION SIXTEEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS CHAPTER;
   2.  "OWNER"  SHALL  HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS
 CHAPTER;
   3. "PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING  SYSTEM"  SHALL  MEAN  A  VEHICLE
 SENSOR  INSTALLED  TO  WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A SPEED MEASURING DEVICE
 WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICRO-
 PHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE
 TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED IN A  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONE  IN  VIOLATION  OF
 SUBDIVISION  (B),  (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY
 OF THIS ARTICLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION; AND
   4. "SCHOOL SPEED ZONE" SHALL MEAN A DISTANCE NOT TO EXCEED  ONE  THOU-
 SAND  THREE  HUNDRED TWENTY FEET ON A HIGHWAY PASSING A SCHOOL BUILDING,
 ENTRANCE OR EXIT OF A SCHOOL ABUTTING ON THE HIGHWAY.
   (D) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A  TECHNICIAN  EMPLOYED  BY
 THE  CITY  OF SYRACUSE, OR A FACSIMILE THEREOF, BASED UPON INSPECTION OF
 PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED   IMAGES
 PRODUCED  BY  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM, SHALL BE PRIMA
 FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICRO-
 PHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE  OR  OTHER  RECORDED  IMAGES  EVIDENCING  SUCH A
 VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF THE
 REAR OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE THAT INCLUDE THE SAME STATIONARY  OBJECT  NEAR
 THE  MOTOR  VEHICLE  AND SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION REASONABLY IN
 ADVANCE OF AND AT ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE  LIABILITY  FOR  SUCH
 VIOLATION PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.
   (E)  AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)
 OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  A
 DEMONSTRATION  PROGRAM  ESTABLISHED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS SECTION SHALL BE
 LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND
 PENALTIES TO BE PROMULGATED BY THE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OF THE CITY
 OF SYRACUSE. THE LIABILITY OF THE OWNER PURSUANT TO THIS  SECTION  SHALL
 NOT  EXCEED  FIFTY  DOLLARS  FOR EACH VIOLATION; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT
 SUCH PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU MAY PROVIDE FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT
 IN EXCESS OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION FOR THE  FAILURE  TO
 RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD.
   (F)  AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ESTAB-
 LISHED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION  AS  AN
 OPERATOR  AND  SHALL  NOT  BE  MADE  PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE
 PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR  SHALL  IT  BE  USED  FOR
 INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE.
   (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH
 PERSON  ALLEGED  TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI-
 CLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, WITHIN  FOURTEEN  BUSINESS  DAYS  IF  SUCH
 OWNER IS A RESIDENT OF THIS STATE AND WITHIN FORTY-FIVE BUSINESS DAYS IF
 S. 6632                             5
 
 SUCH  OWNER  IS A NON-RESIDENT. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT
 BE REQUIRED. A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC RECORD OF  MAILING  PREPARED  IN  THE
 ORDINARY  COURSE  OF BUSINESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS
 CONTAINED THEREIN.
   2.  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE
 PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION  OF  SUBDIVISION
 (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTI-
 CLE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS  SECTION, THE REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VEHICLE
 INVOLVED IN SUCH VIOLATION,  THE  LOCATION  WHERE  SUCH  VIOLATION  TOOK
 PLACE, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF
 THE  CAMERA  WHICH  RECORDED  THE  VIOLATION  OR  OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR
 NUMBER, AT LEAST TWO DATE AND TIME STAMPED IMAGES OF  THE  REAR  OF  THE
 MOTOR  VEHICLE  THAT  INCLUDE  THE SAME STATIONARY OBJECT NEAR THE MOTOR
 VEHICLE, AND THE CERTIFICATE CHARGING THE LIABILITY.
   3. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY  SHALL  CONTAIN  INFORMATION  ADVISING  THE
 PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH HE OR SHE MAY CONTEST
 THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL ALSO
 CONTAIN A PROMINENT WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSON CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO
 CONTEST  IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF
 LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON.
   4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE CITY OF
 SYRACUSE, OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY THE CITY TO  PREPARE  AND
 MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
   (H)  ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS SECTION
 SHALL BE BY THE CITY OF SYRACUSE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (I) IF AN OWNER RECEIVES  A  NOTICE  OF  LIABILITY  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE
 OR  PLATES  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  WAS  REPORTED TO THE POLICE DEPARTMENT AS
 HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A VALID  DEFENSE  TO  AN  ALLEGATION  OF
 LIABILITY  FOR  A  VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF
 SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO  THIS  SECTION
 THAT  THE VEHICLE OR THE NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE HAD BEEN
 REPORTED TO THE POLICE  AS  STOLEN  PRIOR  TO  THE  TIME  THE  VIOLATION
 OCCURRED  AND  HAD  NOT  BEEN  RECOVERED  BY  SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES OF
 ASSERTING THE DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION, IT SHALL  BE  SUFFI-
 CIENT  THAT  A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN VEHICLE
 OR NUMBER PLATE OR PLATES OF SUCH VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO
 THE CITY OF SYRACUSE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU OR BY  ANY  OTHER  ENTITY
 AUTHORIZED BY THE CITY TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY.
   (J)  ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS OF THIS SECTION
 SHALL BE BY THE CITY OF SYRACUSE PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU.
   (K) 1. AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE  TO  WHICH  A  NOTICE  OF
 LIABILITY  WAS  ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL
 NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION, PROVIDED THAT:
   (I)  PRIOR  TO  THE  VIOLATION, THE LESSOR HAS FILED WITH SUCH PARKING
 VIOLATIONS BUREAU IN ACCORDANCE  WITH  THE  PROVISIONS  OF  SECTION  TWO
 HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER; AND
   (II)  WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM SUCH BUREAU
 OF THE DATE AND TIME OF A LIABILITY, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMATION
 CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY,  THE  LESSOR  SUBMITS  TO
 SUCH  BUREAU  THE  CORRECT NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE OF THE VEHICLE
 IDENTIFIED IN THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY AT THE  TIME  OF  SUCH  VIOLATION,
 TOGETHER WITH SUCH OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE RENTAL,
 S. 6632                             6
 
 LEASE  OR OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENT, AS MAY BE REASONABLY REQUIRED BY SUCH
 BUREAU PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS THAT MAY BE PROMULGATED FOR SUCH PURPOSE.
   2.  FAILURE  TO COMPLY WITH SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS
 SUBDIVISION SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED  IN
 THIS SECTION.
   3.  WHERE  THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH ONE OF
 THIS SUBDIVISION, THE LESSEE  OF  SUCH  VEHICLE  ON  THE  DATE  OF  SUCH
 VIOLATION  SHALL  BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES
 OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSU-
 ANT TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT  TO
 SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION.
   (L)  1.  IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR (D)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF  THIS  ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION  WAS  NOT  THE  OPERATOR  OF  THE  VEHICLE  AT  THE  TIME OF THE
 VIOLATION, THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION  AGAINST
 THE OPERATOR.
   2.  NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF A
 VEHICLE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO A MONETARY FINE  IMPOSED  PURSUANT  TO  THIS
 SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH-
 OUT  THE  CONSENT  OF  THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR OPERATED SUCH
 VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION
 ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS  SUBDIVISION
 THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPER-
 ATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERA-
 TOR OPERATED SUCH VEHICLE IN VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (B), (C), (D), (F)
 OR (G) OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (M)  NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY
 OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SUBDIVISION (C) OR  (D)
 OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY OF THIS ARTICLE.
   (N) IF THE CITY ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION
 (A) OF THIS SECTION IT SHALL CONDUCT A STUDY AND SUBMIT AN ANNUAL REPORT
 ON  THE  RESULTS OF THE USE OF PHOTO DEVICES TO THE GOVERNOR, THE TEMPO-
 RARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE  SPEAKER  OF  THE  ASSEMBLY  ON  OR
 BEFORE  THE FIRST DAY OF JUNE NEXT SUCCEEDING THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS
 SECTION AND ON THE SAME DATE IN EACH SUCCEEDING YEAR IN WHICH THE DEMON-
 STRATION PROGRAM IS OPERABLE. SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE:
   1. THE LOCATIONS WHERE AND DATES WHEN PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING
 SYSTEMS WERE USED;
   2. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND  SEVERITY  OF  CRASHES,  FATALITIES,
 INJURIES  AND  PROPERTY  DAMAGE  REPORTED  WITHIN ALL SCHOOL SPEED ZONES
 WITHIN THE CITY, TO THE EXTENT THE  INFORMATION  IS  MAINTAINED  BY  THE
 DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE;
   3.  THE  AGGREGATE  NUMBER,  TYPE AND SEVERITY OF CRASHES, FATALITIES,
 INJURIES AND PROPERTY DAMAGE REPORTED WITHIN SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONES  WHERE
 PHOTO  SPEED  VIOLATION  MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED, TO THE EXTENT THE
 INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR  VEHICLES  OF  THIS
 STATE;
   4.  THE  NUMBER  OF  VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN ALL SCHOOL SPEED ZONES
 WITHIN THE CITY, IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   5. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN  EACH  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONE
 WHERE  A  PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED, IN THE AGGRE-
 GATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS;
   6. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN  ALL  SCHOOL  SPEED  ZONES
 WITHIN THE CITY THAT WERE:
   (I)  MORE  THAN  TEN  BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
 S. 6632                             7
 
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   7.  THE  NUMBER  OF  VIOLATIONS RECORDED WITHIN EACH SCHOOL SPEED ZONE
 WHERE A PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED THAT WERE:
   (I) MORE THAN TEN BUT NOT MORE THAN TWENTY MILES  PER  HOUR  OVER  THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (II) MORE THAN TWENTY BUT NOT MORE THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   (III) MORE THAN THIRTY BUT NOT MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE
 POSTED SPEED LIMIT; AND
   (IV) MORE THAN FORTY MILES PER HOUR OVER THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT;
   8.  THE  TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   9. THE NUMBER OF FINES AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER THE  FIRST
 NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   10. THE NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND THE RESULTS OF SUCH ADJU-
 DICATIONS  INCLUDING  BREAKDOWNS  OF  DISPOSITIONS  MADE  FOR VIOLATIONS
 RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS;
   11. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY  THE  CITY  IN  CONNECTION
 WITH THE PROGRAM;
   12.  THE EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE CITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM;
 AND
   13. THE QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS.
   (O) IT SHALL BE A DEFENSE TO ANY PROSECUTION FOR A VIOLATION OF SUBDI-
 VISION (B), (C), (D), (F) OR (G) OF SECTION  ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY  OF
 THIS  ARTICLE  PURSUANT  TO THIS SECTION THAT SUCH PHOTO SPEED VIOLATION
 MONITORING  SYSTEM  WAS  MALFUNCTIONING  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE  ALLEGED
 VIOLATION.
   § 2. Subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law is amended
 by adding a new paragraph (s) to read as follows:
   (S)  ARE  PHOTOGRAPHS,  MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,  VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED
 IMAGES PREPARED UNDER AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN  HUNDRED  EIGHTY-F  OF
 THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW.
   §  3.  The  purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program
 established pursuant to section 1180-f of the vehicle and  traffic  law,
 as  added by section one of this act, shall be subject to the provisions
 of section 103 of the general municipal law.
   § 4. This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day  after  it  shall
 have  become  a  law  and shall expire December 31, 2028, when upon such
 date the provisions of this act  shall  be  deemed  repealed.  Effective
 immediately,  the addition, amendment and/or repeal of any rule or regu-
 lation necessary for the implementation of this  act  on  its  effective
 date are authorized to be made and completed on or before such effective
 date.