Relates to owner liability for failure of an operator to comply with stopping requirements at intersections in violation of section 1174 of the vehicle and traffic law
download bill text pdf| Date of Action |
Assembly Actions -
Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE |
|---|---|
| May 15, 2026 |
referred to transportation |
S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
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11436
I N A S S E M B L Y
May 15, 2026
___________
Introduced by COMMITTEE ON RULES -- (at request of M. of A. Lee) -- read
once and referred to the Committee on Transportation
AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and public officers law, in
relation to establishing a demonstration program implementing inter-
section monitoring systems and owner liability for failure of an oper-
ator to comply with stopping requirements at intersections; and
providing for the repeal of certain provisions upon expiration thereof
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new
section 1175-a to read as follows:
§ 1175-A. OWNER LIABILITY FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR TO COMPLY WITH
STOPPING REQUIREMENTS AT INTERSECTIONS; CITY OF NEW YORK. (A) 1.
NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF LAW, THE CITY OF NEW YORK IS
HEREBY AUTHORIZED AND EMPOWERED TO ADOPT AND AMEND A LOCAL LAW OR ORDI-
NANCE ESTABLISHING A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY
ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY
WITH SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE IN SUCH CITY,
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION. SUCH DEMONSTRATION
PROGRAM SHALL EMPOWER SUCH CITY TO INSTALL AND OPERATE INTERSECTION
MONITORING DEVICES AT NO MORE THAN FORTY INTERSECTIONS WITHIN SUCH CITY
AT ANY ONE TIME.
2. SUCH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SHALL UTILIZE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGIES TO
ENSURE, TO THE EXTENT PRACTICABLE, THAT PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS,
VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY SUCH INTERSECTION MONI-
TORING SYSTEMS SHALL NOT INCLUDE IMAGES THAT IDENTIFY THE DRIVER, THE
PASSENGERS, OR THE CONTENTS OF THE VEHICLE. PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT NO
NOTICE OF LIABILITY ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE DISMISSED
SOLELY BECAUSE A PHOTOGRAPH, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER
RECORDED IMAGES ALLOWS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE CONTENTS OF A VEHI-
CLE, PROVIDED THAT SUCH CITY HAS MADE A REASONABLE EFFORT TO COMPLY WITH
THE PROVISIONS OF THIS PARAGRAPH.
(B) IN ANY SUCH CITY WHICH HAS ADOPTED A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE PURSU-
ANT TO SUBDIVISION (A) OF THIS SECTION, THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD15817-01-6 A. 11436 2 LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF SUCH VEHICLE WAS USED OR OPERATED WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE OWNER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE, AND SUCH VIOLATION IS EVIDENCED BY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM AN INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEM; PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR A PENALTY IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WHERE THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF THE UNDERLYING VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE. (C) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, "OWNER" SHALL HAVE THE MEANING PROVIDED IN ARTICLE TWO-B OF THIS CHAPTER. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, "INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEM" SHALL MEAN A VEHICLE SENSOR INSTALLED TO WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH A TRAFFIC-CONTROL SIGNAL WHICH AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCES TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS, TWO OR MORE MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, A VIDE- OTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES OF EACH VEHICLE AT THE TIME IT IS USED OR OPERATED IN VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE. (D) A CERTIFICATE, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY A TECHNICIAN EMPLOYED BY THE CITY IN WHICH THE CHARGED VIOLATION OCCURRED, OR A FACSIMILE THERE- OF, BASED UPON INSPECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PRODUCED BY AN INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEM, SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. ANY PHOTO- GRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES EVIDENCING SUCH A VIOLATION SHALL BE AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION IN ANY PROCEEDING TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY FOR SUCH VIOLATION PURSUANT TO A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION. (E) AN OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVEN- TY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE LIABLE FOR MONETARY PENALTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SCHEDULE OF FINES AND PENALTIES TO BE SET FORTH IN SUCH LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE. THE LIABILITY OF THE OWNER PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT EXCEED ONE HUNDRED FIFTY DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT SUCH LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE MAY PROVIDE FOR AN ADDITIONAL PENALTY NOT IN EXCESS OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS FOR EACH VIOLATION FOR THE FAILURE TO RESPOND TO A NOTICE OF LIABILITY WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME PERIOD. (F) AN IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY UNDER A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A CONVICTION AS AN OPERATOR AND SHALL NOT BE MADE PART OF THE OPERATING RECORD OF THE PERSON UPON WHOM SUCH LIABILITY IS IMPOSED NOR SHALL IT BE USED FOR INSURANCE PURPOSES IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE COVERAGE. (G) 1. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO EACH PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEV- EN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION. PERSONAL DELIVERY ON THE OWNER SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED. A MANUAL OR AUTO- MATIC RECORD OF MAILING PREPARED IN THE ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED THEREIN. 2. A NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE PERSON ALLEGED TO BE LIABLE AS AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEV- EN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, THE REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE VEHICLE INVOLVED IN SUCH VIOLATION, THE LOCATION WHERE SUCH VIOLATION TOOK PLACE, THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION AND THE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE CAMERA WHICH RECORDED THE VIOLATION OR OTHER DOCUMENT LOCATOR NUMBER. 3. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL CONTAIN INFORMATION ADVISING THE PERSON CHARGED OF THE MANNER AND THE TIME IN WHICH SUCH PERSON MAY CONTEST THE LIABILITY ALLEGED IN THE NOTICE. SUCH NOTICE OF LIABILITY A. 11436 3 SHALL ALSO CONTAIN A WARNING TO ADVISE THE PERSONS CHARGED THAT FAILURE TO CONTEST IN THE MANNER AND TIME PROVIDED SHALL BE DEEMED AN ADMISSION OF LIABILITY AND THAT A DEFAULT JUDGMENT MAY BE ENTERED THEREON. 4. THE NOTICE OF LIABILITY SHALL BE PREPARED AND MAILED BY THE CITY HAVING JURISDICTION OVER THE INTERSECTION WHERE THE VIOLATION OCCURRED, OR BY ANY OTHER ENTITY AUTHORIZED BY THE CITY TO PREPARE AND MAIL SUCH NOTIFICATION OF VIOLATION. (H) ADJUDICATION OF THE LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON OWNERS BY THIS SECTION SHALL BE BY A TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION THREE HUNDRED SEVENTY OF THE GENERAL MUNICIPAL LAW OR, IF THERE BE NONE, BY THE COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OVER TRAFFIC INFRACTIONS, EXCEPT THAT ANY CITY WHICH HAS ESTABLISHED AN ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL TO HEAR AND DETERMINE COMPLAINTS OF TRAFFIC INFRACTIONS CONSTITUTING PARKING, STAND- ING OR STOPPING VIOLATIONS MAY, BY LOCAL LAW, AUTHORIZE SUCH ADJUDI- CATION BY SUCH TRIBUNAL. (I) IF AN OWNER RECEIVES A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION FOR ANY TIME PERIOD DURING WHICH THE VEHICLE WAS REPORTED TO THE POLICE DEPARTMENT AS HAVING BEEN STOLEN, IT SHALL BE A VALID DEFENSE TO AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION THAT THE VEHICLE HAD BEEN REPORTED TO THE POLICE AS STOLEN PRIOR TO THE TIME THE VIOLATION OCCURRED AND HAD NOT BEEN RECOVERED BY SUCH TIME. FOR PURPOSES OF ASSERTING THE DEFENSE PROVIDED BY THIS SUBDIVISION IT SHALL BE SUFFI- CIENT THAT A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE POLICE REPORT ON THE STOLEN VEHICLE BE SENT BY FIRST CLASS MAIL TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU, COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OR PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU. (J) AN OWNER WHO IS A LESSOR OF A VEHICLE TO WHICH A NOTICE OF LIABIL- ITY WAS ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE, PROVIDED THAT SUCH OWNER SENDS TO THE TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS BUREAU, COURT HAVING JURISDICTION OR PARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU A COPY OF THE RENTAL, LEASE OR OTHER SUCH CONTRACT DOCUMENT COVERING SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF THE VIOLATION, WITH THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LESSEE CLEARLY LEGIBLE, WITHIN THIRTY-SEVEN DAYS AFTER RECEIVING NOTICE FROM THE BUREAU, COURT OR BUREAU OF THE DATE AND TIME OF SUCH VIOLATION, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE ORIGINAL NOTICE OF LIABILITY. FAILURE TO SEND SUCH INFORMATION WITHIN SUCH THIRTY-SEVEN DAY TIME PERIOD SHALL RENDER THE OWNER LIABLE FOR THE PENALTY PRESCRIBED BY THIS SECTION. WHERE THE LESSOR COMPLIES WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBDIVISION, THE LESSEE OF SUCH VEHICLE ON THE DATE OF SUCH VIOLATION SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE THE OWNER OF SUCH VEHICLE FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, SHALL BE SUBJECT TO LIABILITY FOR THE VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION AND SHALL BE SENT A NOTICE OF LIABILITY PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION (G) OF THIS SECTION. (K) 1. IF THE OWNER LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION WAS NOT THE OPERA- TOR OF THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME OF THE VIOLATION, THE OWNER MAY MAINTAIN AN ACTION FOR INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST THE OPERATOR. 2. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS SECTION, NO OWNER OF A VEHICLE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO A MONETARY FINE IMPOSED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION IF THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH- OUT THE CONSENT OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR FAILED TO OBEY THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE. FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SUBDIVISION THERE SHALL BE A PRESUMPTION THAT THE OPERATOR OF SUCH VEHICLE WAS OPERATING SUCH VEHICLE WITH THE CONSENT OF A. 11436 4 THE OWNER AT THE TIME SUCH OPERATOR FAILED TO OBEY THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE. (L) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT THE LIABILITY OF AN OPERATOR OF A VEHICLE FOR ANY VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS ARTICLE. (M) ANY CITY THAT ADOPTS A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBDIVI- SION (A) OF THIS SECTION SHALL SUBMIT AN ANNUAL REPORT DETAILING THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF SUCH INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEM TO THE GOVER- NOR, THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEM- BLY ON OR BEFORE THE FIRST DAY OF JUNE NEXT SUCCEEDING THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS SECTION AND ON THE SAME DATE IN EACH SUCCEEDING YEAR IN WHICH THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IS OPERABLE. SUCH REPORT SHALL INCLUDE, BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO: 1. A DESCRIPTION OF THE LOCATIONS WHERE INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEMS WERE USED; 2. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF ACCIDENTS REPORTED AT INTERSECTIONS WHERE AN INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED FOR THE THREE YEARS PRECEDING THE INSTALLATION OF SUCH SYSTEM, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE; 3. THE AGGREGATE NUMBER, TYPE AND SEVERITY OF ACCIDENTS REPORTED AT INTERSECTIONS WHERE AN INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED FOR THE REPORTING YEAR, AS WELL AS FOR EACH YEAR THAT THE INTERSECTION MONITOR- ING SYSTEM HAS BEEN OPERATIONAL, TO THE EXTENT THE INFORMATION IS MAIN- TAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THIS STATE; 4. THE NUMBER OF EVENTS AND NUMBER OF VIOLATIONS RECORDED AT EACH INTERSECTION WHERE AN INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED AND IN THE AGGREGATE ON A DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY BASIS; 5. THE NUMBER OF NOTICES OF LIABILITY ISSUED FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEM AT EACH INTERSECTION WHERE AN INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEM IS USED; 6. THE NUMBER OF FINES IMPOSED AND TOTAL AMOUNT OF FINES PAID AFTER FIRST NOTICE OF LIABILITY; 7. THE NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF VIOLATIONS ADJUDICATED AND RESULTS OF SUCH ADJUDICATIONS INCLUDING BREAKDOWNS OF DISPOSITIONS MADE FOR VIOLATIONS RECORDED BY SUCH SYSTEMS; 8. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF REVENUE REALIZED BY SUCH CITY FROM SUCH ADJUDI- CATIONS INCLUDING A BREAKDOWN OF REVENUE REALIZED BY SUCH CITY FOR EACH YEAR SINCE DEPLOYMENT OF ITS INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEM; 9. EXPENSES INCURRED BY SUCH CITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROGRAM; AND 10. QUALITY OF THE ADJUDICATION PROCESS AND ITS RESULTS. § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 1 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, is amended to read as follows: 1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative tribunal: (a) to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or (b) to adjudi- cate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-con- trol indications through the installation and operation of traffic-con- trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti- cle twenty-four of this chapter, or (c) to adjudicate the liability of A. 11436 5 owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter, or (d) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installa- tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, or (e) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public authori- ties to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with toll collection regulations of such public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or (f) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seven- ty-four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus red visual signals through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter, or (g) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the instal- lation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter, or (h) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits within a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter, or (i) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of bus oper- ation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing mone- tary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus operation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, OR (J) TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A LOCAL LAW A. 11436 6 OR ORDINANCE IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH STOPPING REQUIREMENTS AT INTERSECTIONS THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEMS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAP- TER, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the following sections. § 3. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 2 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, is amended to read as follows: 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized: (a) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation- monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chap- ter, or (b) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter, or (c) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, or (d) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with toll collection regulations of such public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or (e) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus red visual signals through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter, or (f) to adjudi- cate the liability of owners for violations of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration program A. 11436 7 imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the installation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter, or (g) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits within a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter, or (h) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper- ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen- ty-four of this chapter, OR (I) TO ADJUDICATE THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A LOCAL LAW OR ORDINANCE IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH STOPPING REQUIREMENTS AT INTERSECTIONS THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEMS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER. Such tribunal, except in a city with a population of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. § 4. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 3 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, is amended to read as follows: f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article, but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant to authorization set forth in articles ten, twenty-four, twenty-nine and thirty of this chapter, section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indi- cations in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-con- trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti- cle twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted maxi- mum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installa- tion and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with toll collection regulations of certain public authorities through the A. 11436 8 installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; or to stop for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chap- ter through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chap- ter; or to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitor- ing systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter through the installa- tion and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; or to comply with bus oper- ation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transporta- tion of the city of New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty- four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STOPPING REQUIREMENTS AT INTER- SECTIONS AS DEFINED IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAP- TER THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEMS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER. § 5. Subdivisions 1, 1-a and the opening paragraph of paragraph (a) of subdivision 1-b of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, subdivi- sions 1 and 1-a as amended by section 4 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, and the opening paragraph of paragraph (a) of subdivision 1-b as amended by section 5 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023, are amended to read as follows: 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking violation enters a plea of not guilty; or a person alleged to be liable in accordance with any provisions of law specifically authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty- four of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and oper- ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installa- tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with toll collection regu- lations of certain public authorities through the installation and oper- ation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; or to stop for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the installation and A. 11436 9 operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accord- ance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper- ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter through the installation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; or to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transportation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STOPPING REQUIREMENTS AT INTERSECTIONS AS DEFINED IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERA- TION OF INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEMS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER, contests such allegation, the bureau shall advise such person personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct of the date on which such person must appear to answer the charge at a hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on the date designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability in accordance with provisions of law specifically authorizing the impo- sition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty- four of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and oper- ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installa- tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with toll collection regu- lations of certain public authorities through the installation and oper- ation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; or to stop for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accord- ance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway A. 11436 10 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper- ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter through the installation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; or to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transportation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, OR TO COMPLY WITH STOPPING REQUIREMENTS AT INTERSECTIONS AS DEFINED IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERA- TION OF INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEMS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hearing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person prior to the date of the hearing. In a city having a population of one million or more, at every hearing for the adjudication of a notice of liability, as provided by this arti- cle, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that the owner of a first- response emergency vehicle alleged to be liable in accordance with any provisions of law specifically authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the instal- lation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitor- ing systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transportation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STOPPING REQUIREMENTS AT INTERSECTIONS AS DEFINED IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERA- TION OF INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEMS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER is not liable for such alleged violation if such owner of the first-response emergency vehicle provides the hearing officer with: § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 5 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, are amended to read as follows: a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-con- A. 11436 11 trol indications through the installation and operation of traffic-con- trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti- cle twenty-four of this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chap- ter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty- four of this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with toll collection regulations of such public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-moni- toring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thou- sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy- five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance impos- ing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an oper- ator thereof to comply with school bus red visual signals through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits within a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the installation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter, or an allegation of liabil- ity of an owner for a violation of bus operation-related traffic regu- lations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursu- ant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus operation-related traffic regulations through the installation and oper- ation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article A. 11436 12 twenty-four of this chapter, OR AN ALLEGATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STOPPING REQUIREMENTS AT INTERSECTIONS THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET INTERSECTION MONITORING DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER, shall be held before a hear- ing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations promulgated by the bureau. g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a hearing at which liability in accordance with any provisions of law specifically authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and oper- ation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitor- ing systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection regulations of certain public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter through the installa- tion and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; or to comply with bus oper- ation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transporta- tion of the city of New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty- four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STOPPING REQUIREMENTS AT INTER- SECTIONS AS DEFINED IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAP- TER THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEMS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER, is contested. Recording devices may be used for the making of the record. § 7. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 6 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, are amended to read as follows: A. 11436 13 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- mines that the charges have been sustained such hearing examiner may examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of liabilities incurred in accordance with any provisions of law specif- ically authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic- control indications in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the instal- lation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection regulations of certain public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori- ties law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the instal- lation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter through the installation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; [or] to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transportation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STOPPING REQUIREMENTS AT INTERSECTIONS AS DEFINED IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEMS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER, of the person charged, as applicable prior to rendering a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing charges shall be entered on a final determination roll main- tained by the bureau together with records showing payment and nonpay- ment of penalties. 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance with any provisions of law specifically authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through A. 11436 14 the installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo viola- tion-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection regulations of certain public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus display- ing a red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy- four of this chapter through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twen- ty-nine of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev- en hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or main- tenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter through the installation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; [or] to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transportation of the city of New York through the instal- lation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accord- ance with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STOP- PING REQUIREMENTS AT INTERSECTIONS AS DEFINED IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEMS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER, or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation of the bureau, such failure to plead or contest, appear or comply shall be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; (1) of the violation charged, or liability alleged in accordance with any provisions of law specifically authoriz- ing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indi- cations in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-con- trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti- cle twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum A. 11436 15 speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection regulations of certain public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori- ties law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the instal- lation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter through the installation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; [or] to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transportation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STOPPING REQUIREMENTS AT INTERSECTIONS AS DEFINED IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEMS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has been established, or other court of civil jurisdic- tion or any other place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with any provisions of law specifically authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the instal- lation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitor- ing systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivi- sion (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection regulations of certain public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred A. 11436 16 eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter through the installa- tion and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; [or] to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transpor- tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty- four of this chapter; OR TO COMPLY WITH STOPPING REQUIREMENTS AT INTER- SECTIONS AS DEFINED IN SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAP- TER THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF INTERSECTION MONITORING SYSTEMS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER; or making an appearance within thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and allegations contested within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in the notice and not subject to additional penal- ty or fee. Such notice of impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering and entry thereof in the case of opera- tors or owners who are non-residents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed for entering a plea or contesting an allegation. When a person has demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, sustain- ing them, such hearing examiner shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person was originally charged. § 8. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 7 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, is amended to read as follows: (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there- of there is a certification from a court, parking violations bureau, traffic and parking violations agency or administrative tribunal of appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or their representative failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an administrative tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to a total of three or more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such motor vehicle was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated for hire by the registrant or their agent without being licensed as a motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was A. 11436 17 liable for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation- monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chap- ter; or (iii) the registrant was liable for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable for a violation of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty- four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or (v) the registrant was liable for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as provided in subdivi- sions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing mone- tary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus red visual signals through the instal- lation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or (vi) the registrant was liable for a violation of section three hundred eighty- five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chap- ter in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the installation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; or (vii) the registrant was liable for a violation of subdivi- sion (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- ter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits within a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper- ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter[,]; or (viii) the registrant was liable for a violation of bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demon- stration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus operation-re- lated traffic regulations through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter[,]; OR (IX) THE REGISTRANT WAS LIABLE FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STOPPING REQUIREMENTS AT INTERSECTIONS THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET INTERSECTION MONITORING DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE A. 11436 18 TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER, the commissioner or their agent shall deny the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides proof from the court, traffic and parking violations agency or adminis- trative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that such applicant has complied with the rules and regulations of said tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in their discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following entry of a final decision. § 9. Subdivision 1-a of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 8 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, is amended to read as follows: 1-a. Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision one of this section, the provisions of subdivision one of this section shall not apply to an adjudication of liability of owners: (a) for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or (b) for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or (c) for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chap- ter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty- four of this chapter; or (d) for violations of toll collection regu- lations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with toll collection regulations of such public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; or (e) for violations of section eleven hundred seventy- four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for A. 11436 19 failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus red visual signals through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or (f) for violations of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chap- ter in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the installation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; or (g) for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits within a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or (h) for violations of bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper- ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen- ty-four of this chapter; OR (I) FOR VIOLATIONS OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STOPPING REQUIREMENTS AT INTERSECTIONS THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET INTERSECTION MONITORING DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER. § 10. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 9 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, is amended to read as follows: a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except: (i) a traffic infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by pedestrians or bicyclists; and (ii) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev- en of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through the installa- tion and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; and (iii) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi- vision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing mone- tary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; and (iv) an adjudi- cation of liability of an owner for a violation of bus lane restrictions A. 11436 20 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; and (v) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll collection regulations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with toll collection regulations of such public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author- ities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; and (vi) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus red visual signals through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty- nine of this chapter; and (vii) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the instal- lation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; and (viii) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits within a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; and (ix) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus operation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; AND (X) AN ADJUDICATION OF LIABILITY OF AN OWNER FOR A VIOLATION OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE OF THIS CHAPTER IMPOSED PURSUANT TO A PROGRAM IMPOSING MONETARY LIABILITY ON THE OWNER OF A VEHICLE FOR FAILURE OF AN OPERATOR THEREOF TO COMPLY WITH SUCH STOPPING REQUIRE- MENTS AT INTERSECTIONS THROUGH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF STREET INTERSECTION MONITORING DEVICES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE TWENTY-NINE OF THIS CHAPTER, there shall be levied in addition to any sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. A. 11436 21 § 11. Subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law is amended by adding a new paragraph (w) to read as follows: (W) ARE PHOTOGRAPHS, MICROPHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOTAPE OR OTHER RECORDED IMAGES PREPARED UNDER AUTHORITY OF SECTION ELEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY-FIVE-A OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAFFIC LAW. § 12. The purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program established pursuant to section 1175-a of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by section one of this act, shall be subject to the provisions of section 103 of the general municipal law. § 13. This act shall take effect on the one hundred eightieth day after it shall have become a law; provided, however, that sections one, eleven and twelve of this act shall expire July 1, 2032, when upon such date the provisions of such sections shall be deemed repealed. Effec- tive immediately, the addition, amendment and/or repeal of any rule or regulation necessary for the implementation of section one of this act on its effective date are authorized to be made and completed on or before such effective date.
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