S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________
4560
2025-2026 Regular Sessions
I N A S S E M B L Y
February 4, 2025
___________
Introduced by M. of A. CUNNINGHAM, GONZALEZ-ROJAS, CHANDLER-WATERMAN,
BEEPHAN, CHANG, DeSTEFANO, SIMON -- read once and referred to the
Committee on Health
AN ACT to amend the executive law, in relation to establishing the
commission for the modernization and revitalization of the state
university of New York downstate medical center
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. The executive law is amended by adding a new article 49-D
to read as follows:
ARTICLE 49-D
COMMISSION FOR THE MODERNIZATION AND REVITALIZATION OF SUNY DOWNSTATE
MEDICAL CENTER
SECTION 997. LEGISLATIVE INTENT.
997-A. COMMISSION FOR THE MODERNIZATION AND REVITALIZATION OF
SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER.
997-B. SEVERABILITY.
§ 997. LEGISLATIVE INTENT. 1. THE LEGISLATURE HEREBY FINDS AND
DECLARES THAT THE STATE UNIVERSITY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER (HEREINAFTER
REFERRED TO AS "DOWNSTATE") AS ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO SECTION THREE
HUNDRED FIFTY-TWO OF THE EDUCATION LAW, IS A VITAL COMPONENT OF OUR
STATE'S HEALTH CARE SYSTEM. AS ONE OF THREE STATE HOSPITALS AND THE ONLY
STATE HOSPITAL IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, IT IS INCUMBENT UPON THE STATE
TO ENSURE THAT THIS HOSPITAL REMAINS FISCALLY VIABLE TO CONTINUE TO
PROVIDE THE HEALTH CARE SERVICES THAT THE RESIDENTS OF CENTRAL BROOKLYN
DESERVE AND DEPEND ON. THE STATE UNIVERSITY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER IS
ONE OF THE STATE'S LARGEST SAFETY-NET HOSPITALS, WHICH CARES FOR ALL
PATIENTS, REGARDLESS OF THEIR ABILITY TO PAY. IT PREDOMINANTLY SERVES
PEOPLE OF COLOR, LOW INCOME, UNINSURED, UNDERINSURED, UNDOCUMENTED AND
AT-RISK INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE LIMITED ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE HEALTH CARE
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD06578-01-5
A. 4560 2
AND WHO ARE MORE PRONE TO SUFFER FROM SERIOUS DISEASE AND FACE HIGHER
MORBIDITY RATES THAN OTHER PATIENTS ACROSS OUR CITY AND STATE. IN TWO
THOUSAND TWENTY-TWO, THE HOSPITAL HAD OVER THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND OUTPA-
TIENT VISITS AND HAS AN AVERAGE OF FOURTEEN THOUSAND INPATIENTS EACH
YEAR. IT ALSO PROVIDES SEVEN THOUSAND FOUR HUNDRED FREE HEALTH SCREEN-
INGS A YEAR AND SPONSORS OVER ONE HUNDRED COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECTS
ANNUALLY.
2. PROVIDED FURTHER, DOWNSTATE IS IN THE HEART OF CENTRAL BROOKLYN AND
HAS THE LARGEST MEDICAL SCHOOL IN NEW YORK CITY, WHICH OFFERS TRAINING
IN FIFTY-SIX SPECIALTIES ACROSS FIVE SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES AND ANNUALLY
EDUCATES AND TRAINS NEARLY ONE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED STUDENTS. THE
MEDICAL SCHOOL STUDENT POPULATION IS MADE UP OF NEARLY SIXTY PERCENT
STUDENTS OF COLOR, PRODUCES THE MOST PHYSICIANS OF COLOR IN THE STATE OF
NEW YORK, AND NEARLY SEVENTY PERCENT OF TWO THOUSAND TWENTY-TWO GRADU-
ATES REMAINED IN NEW YORK FOR THEIR RESIDENCY. HAVING A HOSPITAL AFFIL-
IATED WITH THE MEDICAL SCHOOL IS BOTH CRITICAL FOR THE TRAINING OF
MEDICAL STUDENTS AND IS AN ESSENTIAL PART IN PRODUCING THE NEXT GENER-
ATION OF HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS, WHICH ARE DESPERATELY NEEDED TO
ENHANCE THE ACCESS TO VITAL HEALTH CARE IN OUR COMMUNITIES.
3. THE LEGISLATURE FURTHER FINDS THAT THE ENTIRE BROOKLYN HEALTH CARE
DELIVERY SYSTEM REMAINS IN NEED OF A CONTINUED GLOBAL EXAMINATION,
ASSESSING THE NEEDS OF EACH OF ITS DIVERSE COMMUNITIES, THE ACCESS TO
HIGH QUALITY OF CARE THROUGHOUT BROOKLYN, THE DEMOGRAPHICS, HEALTH CARE
EQUITIES AND DISPARITIES OF EACH COMMUNITY, THE AVAILABILITY OF SPECIAL-
TY SERVICES FOR LOW INCOME POPULATIONS, AND THE INTERCONNECTIVITY
BETWEEN THE VARIOUS HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS TO ENSURE THE LONG TERM FINAN-
CIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF EACH OF THE VARIOUS DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN THE
BOROUGH. SUCH FURTHER EXAMINATION CAN BEGIN WITH THE MODERNIZATION AND
REVITALIZATION OF DOWNSTATE CONTINUING AS A HOSPITAL OFFERING CRITICAL
HOSPITAL SPECIALTY SERVICES FOR THE COMMUNITY, BECOMING A CORE SPECIALTY
HOSPITAL CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR THOSE CRITICAL SPECIALTY SERVICES, BUT
SIMULTANEOUSLY UNDERTAKING AN EXAMINATION OF THE APPROPRIATENESS OF
CONVERTING CERTAIN DESIGNATED INPATIENT BEDS THAT ARE NOT UTILIZED FOR
THE SPECIALTY HOSPITAL CENTER OF EXCELLENCE PROVIDING SPECIALTY SERVICES
PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION TWO OF SECTION NINE HUNDRED NINETY-SEVEN-A OF
THIS ARTICLE, TO AN OUTPATIENT SETTING, EXPANDING SERVICES TO INCLUDE
ACCESS TO PRIMARY CARE THROUGH CLINICS, URGENT CARE OR OTHER HOSPITAL
AFFILIATED PRACTICES.
4. THE LEGISLATURE FURTHER FINDS THAT THE CONTINUED OPERATION OF THE
STATE UNIVERSITY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER AS A FREE-STANDING STATE-OPER-
ATED PUBLIC HOSPITAL, STAFFED WITH PUBLIC EMPLOYEES, AT ITS CURRENT
LOCATION, WITHIN AND UNDER THE APPOINTING AUTHORITY OF THE STATE UNIVER-
SITY OF NEW YORK IN A MODERNIZED AND REVITALIZED FORM, IS VITAL AND
NECESSARY, AND THE STATE SHOULD DEVELOP A PLAN TO ENSURE ITS FUTURE
SUSTAINABILITY AND SHALL PROVIDE STATE FUNDING AND OTHER RESOURCES
NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT AND EXECUTE SUCH PLAN. SUCH PLAN SHALL BE BASED
ON THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMISSION FOR THE MODERNIZATION AND REVI-
TALIZATION OF SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER ("THE COMMISSION"). THE
COMMISSION SHALL EXAMINE THOSE SERVICES THAT ARE NECESSARY TO BE
PROVIDED AT DOWNSTATE, ALTERNATIVE SERVICES WHICH ARE MORE SUITABLE FOR
THE COMMUNITY, AND WHICH ARE IN ADDITION TO THE CORE CENTER OF EXCEL-
LENCE SPECIALTY SERVICES WHICH SHALL CONTINUE TO BE OFFERED AT DOWN-
STATE.
§ 997-A. COMMISSION FOR THE MODERNIZATION AND REVITALIZATION OF SUNY
DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER. 1. COMMISSION ESTABLISHED. (A) THERE SHALL BE
ESTABLISHED THE COMMISSION FOR THE MODERNIZATION AND REVITALIZATION OF
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SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER (HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AS "THE COMMIS-
SION"). THE COMMISSION SHALL CONDUCT A STUDY TO EXAMINE THOSE SERVICES
THAT SHOULD BE OFFERED AT SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER (HEREINAFTER
REFERRED TO AS "DOWNSTATE"), OR A DOWNSTATE AFFILIATE, WHICH SHALL BE IN
ADDITION TO THE CORE SPECIALTY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE SERVICES WHICH SHALL
CONTINUE TO BE OFFERED AT DOWNSTATE, AND MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE
LEGISLATURE AND THE EXECUTIVE. IN CONDUCTING ITS STUDY AND DETERMINING
ITS RECOMMENDATIONS, THE COMMISSION SHALL CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING
FACTORS: (I) THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF DOWNSTATE CONSIDERING
MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS, BILLING PRACTICES, CURRENT HEALTH CARE SERVICES
AND DELIVERY MODEL; (II) THE PATIENT MIX AND DEMOGRAPHICS, INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, THE FINANCIAL CHALLENGES POSED BY THE PROVISION OF SAFE-
TY NET SERVICES TO LOW INCOME, UNINSURED, UNDERINSURED, UNDOCUMENTED AND
AT-RISK INDIVIDUALS; (III) SERVICES AVAILABLE AND READILY ACCESSIBLE, AT
OTHER HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS OR PROVIDERS IN BROOKLYN, AND ACCESS TO THOSE
SERVICES BY RESIDENTS OF CENTRAL BROOKLYN; (IV) THE HEALTH CARE DISPARI-
TIES IN CENTRAL BROOKLYN; (V) ACCESS TO PRIMARY CARE, OUTPATIENT
SERVICES, AND EMERGENCY SERVICES FOR RESIDENTS OF THE COMMUNITY WHERE
DOWNSTATE IS LOCATED AND THE FEASIBILITY OF DOWNSTATE OFFERING EXPANDED
SERVICES TO ADDRESS SUCH NEEDS; (VI) THOSE SERVICES WHICH ARE NECESSARY
FOR THE TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF STUDENTS AND GRADUATES OF THE DOWN-
STATE MEDICAL SCHOOL; AND (VII) OTHER SERVICES THE COMMISSION DEEMS
APPROPRIATE IN MAKING ITS RECOMMENDATIONS.
(B) THE COMMISSIONER SHALL ALSO DETERMINE WHAT CAPITAL PROJECT
IMPROVEMENTS ARE REQUIRED AT DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER TO BOTH MAINTAIN
THE CORE SPECIALTY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE SERVICES AND ALSO ENABLE DOWN-
STATE TO ADEQUATELY MEET CURRENT AND FUTURE HEALTH CARE NEEDS OF THE
COMMUNITY AS IDENTIFIED BY THE COMMISSION. THE COMMISSION SHALL ALSO
PROVIDE AN ANALYSIS OF CURRENT EMERGENCY ROOM OPERATIONS, WHICH SHALL
INCLUDE, BUT SHALL NOT BE LIMITED TO, PATIENT CARE AND SERVICE CAPACITY
AS WELL AS IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED TO ADEQUATELY ADDRESS PATIENT SERVICE
DEMANDS AND THE TECHNOLOGY, EQUIPMENT AND CAPITAL INFRASTRUCTURE
IMPROVEMENTS THAT ARE REQUIRED TO IMPROVE PATIENT SERVICES AND IMPROVE-
MENT OF THE FINANCIAL POSITION OF DOWNSTATE.
2. DEFINITIONS. (A) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS ARTICLE, "CORE SPECIALTY
CENTER OF EXCELLENCE SERVICES" SHALL MEAN THE FOLLOWING SERVICES WHICH
SHALL CONTINUE TO BE OFFERED IN A HOSPITAL SETTING AT DOWNSTATE,
NOTWITHSTANDING THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMISSION:
(I) LEVEL II TRAUMA CARE AND RELATED SERVICES;
(II) TRANSPLANT CARE AND RELATED SERVICES;
(III) CARDIOLOGIC CARE AND RELATED SERVICES;
(IV) MATERNITY AND PEDIATRIC CARE FOR LOW INCOME AND ETHNICALLY
DIVERSE POPULATIONS; AND
(V) EMERGENCY SERVICES, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THE COMMISSION SHALL BE
AUTHORIZED TO EXAMINE THE SIZE, SCOPE AND OTHER APPROPRIATE FEATURES
NECESSARY IN PROVIDING EMERGENCY SERVICES AT DOWNSTATE.
(B) THE COMMISSION SHALL NOT BE AUTHORIZED TO MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS
WHICH REDUCE, LIMIT OR IN ANY WAY ALTER THE CORE SPECIALTY CENTER OF
EXCELLENCE SERVICES OFFERED IN A HOSPITAL SETTING AT DOWNSTATE.
3. COMMISSION MEMBERS. THE COMMISSION SHALL CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING
MEMBERS:
(A) THE COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH, WHO SHALL SERVE AS THE EX-OFFICIO
CHAIR OF THE COMMISSION;
(B) A REPRESENTATIVE OF EACH ORGANIZED LABOR REPRESENTING EMPLOYEES AT
THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PURSUANT TO ARTICLE FOURTEEN OF THE
CIVIL SERVICE LAW, WHICH SHALL INCLUDE THE UNITED UNIVERSITY PROFESSIONS
A. 4560 4
UNION, CIVIL SERVICE EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATION, PUBLIC EMPLOYEES FEDERATION
AND NEW YORK STATE CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS AND POLICE BENEVOLENT ASSOCI-
ATION;
(C) ONE MEMBER APPOINTED BY THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE;
(D) ONE MEMBER APPOINTED BY THE SPEAKER OF THE ASSEMBLY;
(E) ONE MEMBER APPOINTED BY THE MINORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE;
(F) ONE MEMBER APPOINTED BY THE MINORITY LEADER OF THE ASSEMBLY;
(G) ONE MEMBER APPOINTED BY THE KINGS COUNTY BOROUGH PRESIDENT;
(H) TWO MEMBERS APPOINTED BY LOCAL COMMUNITY BOARDS;
(I) ONE MEMBER APPOINTED BY THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK;
(J) ONE MEMBER APPOINTED BY THE GOVERNOR; AND
(K) THE CHANCELLOR OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK.
4. COMPENSATION. THE MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION SHALL RECEIVE NO
COMPENSATION FOR THEIR SERVICE AS MEMBERS, BUT SHALL BE ALLOWED THEIR
ACTUAL AND NECESSARY EXPENSES INCURRED IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THEIR
DUTIES.
5. COMMISSION DELIBERATIONS AND BYLAWS. (A) THE COMMISSION AND ITS
DELIBERATIONS SHALL BE SUBJECT TO ARTICLE SEVEN OF THE PUBLIC OFFICERS
LAW.
(B) THE COMMISSION SHALL ADOPT ITS BYLAWS ON OR BEFORE ITS SECOND
MEETING.
6. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ASSISTANCE. (A) THE COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH
SHALL DESIGNATE SUCH EMPLOYEES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AS ARE
REASONABLY NECESSARY TO PROVIDE SUPPORT SERVICES TO THE COMMISSION.
(B) THE COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH SHALL ALSO SUBMIT TO THE COMMISSION
SUCH INFORMATION AS MAY BE AVAILABLE FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ON
GENERAL HOSPITAL AND NURSING HOME CAPACITY, SERVICES AND BEDS, AVAIL-
ABILITY OF PRIMARY AND AMBULATORY CARE SERVICES, AND THE CURRENT NUMBER
OF BEDS IN SUCH FACILITIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, INFORMATION
FROM:
(I) OPERATING CERTIFICATE FILES;
(II) INSTITUTIONAL COST REPORTS;
(III) FACILITY OCCUPANCY REPORTS;
(IV) ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE CERTIFICATE OF NEED PROGRAM;
(V) THE STATEWIDE PLANNING AND RESEARCH COOPERATIVE SYSTEM; AND
(VI) ANY OTHER DOCUMENTATION REQUEST BY THE COMMISSION.
7. LIAISON. THE DIRECTOR OF THE DORMITORY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF
NEW YORK SHALL APPOINT ONE OR MORE REPRESENTATIVES TO BE A LIAISON
BETWEEN THE COMMISSION AND THE DORMITORY AUTHORITY.
8. OTHER REQUIRED RECOMMENDATIONS. IN CARRYING OUT ITS TASKS AND
DUTIES, THE COMMISSION SHALL ALSO FORMALLY SOLICIT RECOMMENDATIONS FROM
HEALTH CARE EXPERTS, COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENTS, COMMUNITY-BASED ORGAN-
IZATIONS, STATE AND REGIONAL HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS, LABOR
UNIONS AND OTHER INTERESTED PARTIES AS BROADLY AS IT CONSIDERS IT NECES-
SARY AND PROPER, AND IT SHALL TAKE INTO ACCOUNT SUCH RECOMMENDATIONS AND
THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE KINGS COUNTY HEALTH CARE STAKEHOLDERS COUNCIL
DURING ITS DELIBERATIONS. IN DEVELOPING ITS RECOMMENDATIONS, THE COMMIS-
SION SHALL, AS FAR AS PRACTICABLE, ESTIMATE THE IMPROVEMENT IN QUALITY
OF CARE, FINANCIAL STATUS OF THE HOSPITALS, AND ALL OTHER EFFICIENCIES
THAT MAY BE DERIVED FROM RECONFIGURATION OF THE KINGS COUNTY HEALTH CARE
SYSTEM.
9. REPORT OF COMMISSION. THE COMMISSION SHALL COMPLETE ITS STUDY AND
PROVIDE A REPORT OF ITS WRITTEN RECOMMENDATIONS ALONG WITH SUGGESTED
LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE ACTION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO INFRAS-
TRUCTURE INVESTMENTS, AND REFINANCING OF EXISTING DEBT OF GENERAL HOSPI-
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TALS IN THE COUNTY OF KINGS, NO LATER THAN DECEMBER THIRTY-FIRST, TWO
THOUSAND TWENTY-FIVE. SUCH RECOMMENDATIONS SHALL INCLUDE:
(A) RECOMMENDED DATES BY WHICH SUCH LEGISLATIVE OR EXECUTIVE ACTIONS
SHOULD OCCUR;
(B) NECESSARY INVESTMENTS, IF ANY, THAT SHOULD BE MADE IN EACH CASE TO
CARRY OUT THE COMMISSION'S RECOMMENDATIONS, INCLUDING ANY NECESSARY
WORKFORCE, TRAINING, OR OTHER INVESTMENTS TO ENSURE THAT REMAINING
FACILITIES ARE ABLE TO ADEQUATELY PROVIDE SERVICES WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF
A RESTRUCTURED INSTITUTIONAL PROVIDER HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; AND
(C) THE COMMISSION'S JUSTIFICATION FOR SUCH RECOMMENDATIONS.
10. IMPLEMENTATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS. (A) NOTWITHSTANDING ANY
PROVISION OF LAW, RULE OR REGULATION TO THE CONTRARY RELATED TO THE
ESTABLISHMENT, CONSTRUCTION, APPROVAL, OR REVISIONS TO THE OPERATING
CERTIFICATES, RESIZING, CONSOLIDATION, CONVERSION OR RELATED TO THE
RESTRUCTURING OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IDENTIFIED IN THE COMMISSION'S
RECOMMENDATIONS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SECTIONS TWENTY-EIGHT
HUNDRED ONE-A, TWENTY-EIGHT HUNDRED TWO, TWENTY-EIGHT HUNDRED FIVE,
TWENTY-EIGHT HUNDRED SIX AND TWENTY-EIGHT HUNDRED SIX-B OF THE PUBLIC
HEALTH LAW, THE COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH SHALL TAKE ALL ACTIONS NECESSARY
TO IMPLEMENT, IN A REASONABLE, COST-EFFICIENT MANNER, THE RECOMMENDA-
TIONS OF THE COMMISSION PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION NINE OF THIS SECTION.
(B) THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH (A) OF THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL NOT
APPLY IF A MAJORITY OF THE MEMBERS OF EACH HOUSE OF THE LEGISLATURE VOTE
TO ADOPT A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION REJECTING THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE
COMMISSION PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION NINE OF THIS SECTION IN THEIR ENTIRE-
TY BY FEBRUARY FIRST, TWO THOUSAND TWENTY-SIX. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH BEGIN TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE
COMMISSION PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION NINE OF THIS SECTION PRIOR TO FEBRU-
ARY FIRST, TWO THOUSAND TWENTY-SIX. PROVIDED, FURTHER, THE COMMISSIONER
OF HEALTH SHALL BE PRECLUDED FROM ACTING UPON ANY CERTIFICATE OF NEED
APPLICATION, OR ANY OTHER SUBMISSION OR CLOSURE PLAN WHICH LIMITS OR IN
ANY WAY ALTERS THE SERVICES PROVIDED BY DOWNSTATE, ON OR AFTER THE
EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS ACT, UNTIL AFTER FEBRUARY FIRST, TWO THOUSAND
TWENTY-SIX. PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT NOTHING HEREIN SHALL BE CONSTRUED
AS:
(I) LIMITING THE AUTHORITY OF THE COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH TO ENFORCE OR
IMPLEMENT ANY PROVISION OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH LAW RELATING TO THE HEALTH
OR SAFETY OF THE PATIENTS AT DOWNSTATE; OR
(II) PROHIBITING THE APPROVAL OF AN APPLICATION RELATING TO CAPITAL
AND INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS AT DOWNSTATE THAT DO NOT IMPACT THE
SCOPE OR LEVEL OF SERVICES OFFERED AT DOWNSTATE.
§ 997-B. SEVERABILITY. IF ANY CLAUSE, SENTENCE, PARAGRAPH, SUBDIVI-
SION, SECTION OR PART OF THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE ADJUDGED BY ANY COURT OF
COMPETENT JURISDICTION TO BE INVALID, SUCH JUDGMENT SHALL NOT AFFECT,
IMPAIR, OR INVALIDATE THE REMAINDER THEREOF, BUT SHALL BE CONFINED IN
ITS OPERATION TO THE CLAUSE, SENTENCE, PARAGRAPH, SUBDIVISION, SECTION
OR PART THEREOF DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN THE CONTROVERSY IN WHICH SUCH JUDG-
MENT SHALL HAVE BEEN RENDERED. IT IS HEREBY DECLARED TO BE THE INTENT OF
THE LEGISLATURE THAT THIS ARTICLE WOULD HAVE BEEN ENACTED EVEN IF SUCH
INVALID PROVISIONS HAD NOT BEEN INCLUDED HEREIN.
§ 2. This act shall take effect immediately.