Assembly Bill A6545

2025-2026 Legislative Session

Imposes liability for damages caused by a chatbot impersonating certain licensed professionals

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Current Bill Status - In Assembly Committee

Introduced
- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
- Passed Assembly
- Passed Senate
Delivered to Governor
Signed By Governor

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Actions

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Date of Action	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
May 14, 2026	print number 6545c
May 14, 2026	amend and recommit to codes
May 13, 2026	reported referred to codes
May 04, 2026	print number 6545b
May 04, 2026	amend and recommit to science and technology
Mar 05, 2026	reference changed to science and technology
Jan 07, 2026	referred to consumer affairs and protection
Apr 07, 2025	print number 6545a
Apr 07, 2025	amend (t) and recommit to consumer affairs and protection
Mar 06, 2025	referred to consumer affairs and protection

Bill Amendments

Original

C (Active)

co-Sponsors

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2025-A6545 - Details

Current Committee:: Assembly Codes
Law Section:: General Business Law
Laws Affected:: Add §390-f, Gen Bus L

2025-A6545 - Summary

Imposes liability for damages caused by a chatbot impersonating certain licensed professionals.

2025-A6545 - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   6545
 
                        2025-2026 Regular Sessions
 
                           I N  A S S E M B L Y
 
                               March 6, 2025
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by M. of A. ZACCARO -- read once and referred to the Commit-
   tee on Consumer Affairs and Protection
 
 AN ACT to amend the  general  business  law,  in  relation  to  imposing
   liability  for  damages  caused  by  a  chatbot impersonating licensed
   professionals

   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. The general business law is amended by adding a new section
 390-f to read as follows:
   §  390-F. LIABILITY FOR CHATBOT RESPONSES. 1. AS USED IN THIS SECTION,
 THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   (A) "CHATBOT" SHALL MEAN AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE  SYSTEM,  SOFTWARE
 PROGRAM,  OR TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION THAT SIMULATES HUMAN-LIKE CONVER-
 SATION AND INTERACTION THROUGH  TEXT  MESSAGES,  VOICE  COMMANDS,  OR  A
 COMBINATION THEREOF TO PROVIDE INFORMATION AND SERVICES TO USERS.
   (B)  "PROPRIETOR"  REFERS  TO ANY PERSON, BUSINESS, COMPANY, ORGANIZA-
 TION, INSTITUTION OR GOVERNMENT ENTITY THAT OWNS, OPERATES OR DEPLOYS  A
 CHATBOT  SYSTEM  USED  TO  INTERACT  WITH  USERS.  PROPRIETORS SHALL NOT
 INCLUDE THIRD-PARTY DEVELOPERS THAT LICENSE THEIR CHATBOT TECHNOLOGY  TO
 A PROPRIETOR.
   2.  (A)  A  PROPRIETOR  OF  A CHATBOT SHALL NOT PERMIT SUCH CHATBOT TO
 PROVIDE ANY SUBSTANTIVE RESPONSE, INFORMATION, OR ADVICE,  OR  TAKE  ANY
 ACTION:
   (I)  WHICH,  IF  TAKEN  BY  A NATURAL PERSON, WOULD CONSTITUTE A CRIME
 UNDER SECTION SIXTY-FIVE HUNDRED TWELVE OR SIXTY-FIVE  HUNDRED  THIRTEEN
 OF THE EDUCATION LAW; OR
   (II) PROVIDING ANY MEDICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL ADVICE.
   (B)  A  PROPRIETOR  MAY NOT WAIVE OR DISCLAIM THIS LIABILITY MERELY BY
 NOTIFYING CONSUMERS THAT THEY ARE INTERACTING WITH A  NON-HUMAN  CHATBOT
 SYSTEM.

  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD10388-01-5
 A. 6545                             2

 
   3. A PERSON MAY BRING A CIVIL ACTION TO RECOVER ACTUAL DAMAGES AND, IF
 IT  IS  FOUND  THAT SUCH PROPRIETOR HAS WILLFULLY VIOLATED THIS SECTION,
 THE VIOLATOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ACTUAL DAMAGES TOGETHER WITH COSTS  AND
 REASONABLE  ATTORNEYS'  FEES  AND  DISBURSEMENTS  INCURRED BY THE PERSON
 BRINGING SUCH ACTION.
   4. PROPRIETORS UTILIZING CHATBOTS SHALL PROVIDE CLEAR, CONSPICUOUS AND
 EXPLICIT  NOTICE  TO  USERS THAT THEY ARE INTERACTING WITH AN ARTIFICIAL
 INTELLIGENCE CHATBOT PROGRAM. THE TEXT OF THE NOTICE SHALL APPEAR IN THE
 SAME LANGUAGE THE CHATBOT IS USING AND IN A SIZE EASILY READABLE BY  THE
 AVERAGE  VIEWER  AND NO SMALLER THAN THE LARGEST FONT SIZE OF OTHER TEXT
 APPEARING ON THE WEBSITE ON WHICH THE CHATBOT IS UTILIZED.
   § 2. This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day  after  it  shall
 have become a law.

co-Sponsors

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2025-A6545A - Details

Current Committee:: Assembly Codes
Law Section:: General Business Law
Laws Affected:: Add §390-f, Gen Bus L

2025-A6545A - Summary

Imposes liability for damages caused by a chatbot impersonating certain licensed professionals.

2025-A6545A - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  6545--A
 
                        2025-2026 Regular Sessions
 
                           I N  A S S E M B L Y
 
                               March 6, 2025
                                ___________
 
 Introduced by M. of A. ZACCARO, TAPIA, RAGA, McDONOUGH, NOVAKHOV, STECK,
   DAVILA,  JACOBSON, GLICK, O'PHARROW, WOERNER, MILLER, K. BROWN, GALLA-
   HAN, HYNDMAN, CUNNINGHAM, REYES, YEGER, KASSAY, SHIMSKY, PIROZZOLO  --
   read  once  and  referred  to  the  Committee  on Consumer Affairs and
   Protection -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as
   amended and recommitted to said committee
 
 AN ACT to amend the  general  business  law,  in  relation  to  imposing
   liability  for  damages  caused  by  a  chatbot  impersonating certain
   licensed professionals
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. The general business law is amended by adding a new section
 390-f to read as follows:
   §  390-F. LIABILITY FOR CHATBOT RESPONSES. 1. AS USED IN THIS SECTION,
 THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   (A) "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM"  OR  "AI  SYSTEM"  SHALL  MEAN  A
 MACHINE-BASED  SYSTEM  OR  COMBINATION  OF SYSTEMS, THAT FOR EXPLICIT OR
 IMPLICIT OBJECTIVES, INFERS, FROM THE INPUT IT RECEIVES, HOW TO GENERATE
 OUTPUTS SUCH AS PREDICTIONS, CONTENT, RECOMMENDATIONS, OR DECISIONS THAT
 CAN INFLUENCE PHYSICAL OR VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS. ARTIFICIAL  INTELLIGENCE
 SHALL  NOT  INCLUDE  ANY  SOFTWARE USED PRIMARILY FOR BASIC COMPUTERIZED
 PROCESSES, SUCH AS  ANTI-MALWARE,  ANTI-VIRUS,  AUTO-CORRECT  FUNCTIONS,
 CALCULATORS,  DATABASES,  DATA STORAGE, ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS, FIRE-
 WALL, INTERNET DOMAIN REGISTRATION, INTERNET WEBSITE  LOADING,  NETWORK-
 ING,  SPAM  AND  ROBOCALL-FILTERING, SPELLCHECK TOOLS, SPREADSHEETS, WEB
 CACHING, WEB HOSTING, OR ANY TOOL THAT RELATES ONLY TO INTERNAL  MANAGE-
 MENT  AFFAIRS  SUCH  AS ORDERING OFFICE SUPPLIES OR PROCESSING PAYMENTS,
 AND THAT DO NOT MATERIALLY AFFECT THE RIGHTS, LIBERTIES, BENEFITS, SAFE-
 TY OR WELFARE OF ANY INDIVIDUAL WITHIN THE STATE.
   (B) "CHATBOT" SHALL MEAN AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE  SYSTEM,  SOFTWARE
 PROGRAM,  OR TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION THAT SIMULATES HUMAN-LIKE CONVER-
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD10388-03-5

 A. 6545--A                          2
 
 SATION AND INTERACTION THROUGH  TEXT  MESSAGES,  VOICE  COMMANDS,  OR  A
 COMBINATION THEREOF TO PROVIDE INFORMATION AND SERVICES TO USERS.
   (C)  "PROPRIETOR"  SHALL MEAN ANY PERSON, BUSINESS, COMPANY, ORGANIZA-
 TION, INSTITUTION OR GOVERNMENT ENTITY THAT OWNS, OPERATES OR DEPLOYS  A
 CHATBOT  SYSTEM  USED  TO  INTERACT  WITH  USERS.  PROPRIETORS SHALL NOT
 INCLUDE THIRD-PARTY DEVELOPERS THAT LICENSE THEIR CHATBOT TECHNOLOGY  TO
 A PROPRIETOR.
   2.  (A)  A  PROPRIETOR  OF  A CHATBOT SHALL NOT PERMIT SUCH CHATBOT TO
 PROVIDE ANY SUBSTANTIVE RESPONSE, INFORMATION, OR ADVICE,  OR  TAKE  ANY
 ACTION WHICH, IF TAKEN BY A NATURAL PERSON:
   (I)  WOULD  CONSTITUTE A CRIME UNDER SECTION SIXTY-FIVE HUNDRED TWELVE
 OR SIXTY-FIVE HUNDRED THIRTEEN OF THE EDUCATION LAW IN RELATION  TO  THE
 PROFESSIONS WHOSE LICENSURE IS GOVERNED UNDER ARTICLES ONE HUNDRED THIR-
 TY-ONE,  ONE  HUNDRED THIRTY-THREE, ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-FIVE, ONE HUNDRED
 THIRTY-SIX, ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-SEVEN,  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-NINE,  ONE
 HUNDRED  FORTY-ONE, ONE HUNDRED FORTY-THREE, ONE HUNDRED FORTY-FIVE, ONE
 HUNDRED FORTY-SEVEN, ONE HUNDRED FIFTY-THREE,  ONE  HUNDRED  FIFTY-FOUR,
 AND ONE HUNDRED SIXTY-THREE OF THE EDUCATION LAW; OR
   (II)  WOULD VIOLATE THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE FIFTEEN OF THE JUDICIARY
 LAW PROHIBITING THE PRACTICE OR APPEARANCE AS AN ATTORNEY-AT-LAW WITHOUT
 BEING ADMITTED AND REGISTERED UNDER SUCH ARTICLE.
   (B) A PROPRIETOR MAY NOT WAIVE OR DISCLAIM THIS  LIABILITY  MERELY  BY
 NOTIFYING  CONSUMERS  THAT THEY ARE INTERACTING WITH A NON-HUMAN CHATBOT
 SYSTEM.
   3. A PERSON MAY BRING A CIVIL ACTION TO RECOVER ACTUAL DAMAGES AND, IF
 IT IS FOUND THAT SUCH PROPRIETOR HAS WILLFULLY  VIOLATED  THIS  SECTION,
 THE  VIOLATOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ACTUAL DAMAGES TOGETHER WITH COSTS AND
 REASONABLE ATTORNEYS' FEES AND  DISBURSEMENTS  INCURRED  BY  THE  PERSON
 BRINGING SUCH ACTION.
   4. PROPRIETORS UTILIZING CHATBOTS SHALL PROVIDE CLEAR, CONSPICUOUS AND
 EXPLICIT  NOTICE  TO  USERS THAT THEY ARE INTERACTING WITH AN ARTIFICIAL
 INTELLIGENCE CHATBOT PROGRAM. THE TEXT OF THE NOTICE SHALL APPEAR IN THE
 SAME LANGUAGE THE CHATBOT IS USING AND IN A SIZE EASILY READABLE BY  THE
 AVERAGE  VIEWER  AND NO SMALLER THAN THE LARGEST FONT SIZE OF OTHER TEXT
 APPEARING ON THE WEBSITE ON WHICH THE CHATBOT IS UTILIZED.
   § 2. This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day  after  it  shall
 have become a law.

co-Sponsors

View additional co-sponsors

2025-A6545B - Details

Current Committee:: Assembly Codes
Law Section:: General Business Law
Laws Affected:: Add §390-f, Gen Bus L

2025-A6545B - Summary

Imposes liability for damages caused by a chatbot impersonating certain licensed professionals.

2025-A6545B - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  6545--B
 
                        2025-2026 Regular Sessions
 
                           I N  A S S E M B L Y
 
                               March 6, 2025
                                ___________
 
 Introduced by M. of A. ZACCARO, TAPIA, RAGA, McDONOUGH, NOVAKHOV, STECK,
   DAVILA, JACOBSON, GLICK, WOERNER, MILLER, K. BROWN, GALLAHAN, HYNDMAN,
   CUNNINGHAM,   REYES,  YEGER,  KASSAY,  SHIMSKY,  PIROZZOLO,  McDONALD,
   TORRES, BUTTENSCHON, SEMPOLINSKI, RA, LEVENBERG, GRIFFIN, GRAY,  MANK-
   TELOW, CHLUDZINSKI, COOK, BROOK-KRASNY, NORBER, WRIGHT, FORREST, McMA-
   HON,  LUNSFORD  -- read once and referred to the Committee on Consumer
   Affairs and Protection -- committee discharged, bill amended,  ordered
   reprinted  as amended and recommitted to said committee -- recommitted
   to the Committee on Consumer Affairs and Protection in accordance with
   Assembly Rule 3, sec. 2 --  reference  changed  to  the  Committee  on
   Science  and Technology -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered
   reprinted as amended and recommitted to said committee
 
 AN ACT to amend the  general  business  law,  in  relation  to  imposing
   liability  for  damages  caused  by  a  chatbot  impersonating certain
   licensed professionals
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. The general business law is amended by adding a new section
 390-f to read as follows:
   §  390-F. LIABILITY FOR CHATBOT RESPONSES. 1. AS USED IN THIS SECTION,
 THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   (A) "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEANING  AS  DEFINED
 BY SECTION SEVENTEEN HUNDRED OF THIS CHAPTER.
   (B)  "GENERATIVE  ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEANING
 AS DEFINED BY SECTION SEVENTEEN HUNDRED OF THIS CHAPTER.
   (C) "CHATBOT" SHALL MEAN AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM, GENERATIVE
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, SOFTWARE PROGRAM, OR TECHNOLOGICAL  APPLICATION
 THAT  SIMULATES  HUMAN-LIKE  CONVERSATION IN RESPONSE TO USER INPUTS AND
 INTERACTION THROUGH TEXT MESSAGES,  VOICE  COMMANDS,  OR  A  COMBINATION
 THEREOF TO PROVIDE INFORMATION AND SERVICES TO USERS.
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD10388-05-6
 A. 6545--B                          2

 
   (D)  "COVERED  PROFESSION"  SHALL MEAN A PROFESSION WHOSE LICENSURE IS
 GOVERNED UNDER ARTICLES ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-ONE,  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-
 THREE,  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-FIVE,  ONE  HUNDRED THIRTY-SIX, ONE HUNDRED
 THIRTY-SEVEN,  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-NINE,  ONE  HUNDRED  FORTY-ONE,  ONE
 HUNDRED  FORTY-THREE,  ONE  HUNDRED FORTY-FIVE, ONE HUNDRED FORTY-SEVEN,
 ONE HUNDRED FIFTY-THREE, ONE HUNDRED FIFTY-FOUR, OR ONE  HUNDRED  SIXTY-
 THREE OF THE EDUCATION LAW OR ARTICLE FIFTEEN OF THE JUDICIARY LAW.
   (E)  "OPERATOR" SHALL MEAN ANY PERSON, PARTNERSHIP, ASSOCIATION, FIRM,
 OR BUSINESS ENTITY, OR ANY MEMBER, AFFILIATE, SUBSIDIARY  OR  BENEFICIAL
 OWNER  OF  ANY  PARTNERSHIP,  ASSOCIATION,  FIRM, OR BUSINESS ENTITY WHO
 OWNS, OPERATES OR DEPLOYS A CHATBOT USED TO  INTERACT  WITH  USERS.  THE
 TERM  "OPERATOR"  SHALL  NOT INCLUDE THIRD-PARTY DEVELOPERS THAT LICENSE
 THEIR CHATBOT TECHNOLOGY TO AN OPERATOR.
   2. (A) AN OPERATOR OF A CHATBOT  SHALL  NOT  PERMIT  SUCH  CHATBOT  TO
 IMPERSONATE  AN  ACTUAL  OR FICTITIOUS PRACTITIONER OF A COVERED PROFES-
 SIONAL IN A MANNER THAT, IF DONE BY A NATURAL PERSON:
   (I) WOULD CONSTITUTE A CRIME UNDER SECTION SIXTY-FIVE  HUNDRED  TWELVE
 OR  SIXTY-FIVE  HUNDRED  THIRTEEN  OF THE EDUCATION LAW IN RELATION TO A
 COVERED PROFESSION; OR
   (II) WOULD VIOLATE THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE FIFTEEN OF THE  JUDICIARY
 LAW PROHIBITING THE PRACTICE OR APPEARANCE AS AN ATTORNEY-AT-LAW WITHOUT
 BEING ADMITTED AND REGISTERED UNDER SUCH ARTICLE.
   (B)  FOR  THE PURPOSES OF ESTABLISHING A VIOLATION OF SUBPARAGRAPH (I)
 OR (II) OF PARAGRAPH (A) OF  THIS  SUBDIVISION,  AN  OPERATOR  SHALL  BE
 DEEMED TO KNOW THAT A CHATBOT CANNOT LAWFULLY PRACTICE A COVERED PROFES-
 SION OR APPEAR AS AN ATTORNEY-AT-LAW.
   (C)  AN  OPERATOR  SHALL  NOT  WAIVE  OR DISCLAIM LIABILITY UNDER THIS
 SECTION BY NOTIFYING CONSUMERS THAT THEY ARE INTERACTING WITH A  NON-HU-
 MAN CHATBOT SYSTEM.
   3.  OPERATORS  UTILIZING CHATBOTS SHALL PROVIDE CLEAR, CONSPICUOUS AND
 EXPLICIT NOTICE TO USERS THAT THEY ARE INTERACTING  WITH  AN  ARTIFICIAL
 INTELLIGENCE CHATBOT PROGRAM. THE TEXT OF THE NOTICE SHALL APPEAR IN THE
 SAME  LANGUAGE THE CHATBOT IS USING AND IN A SIZE EASILY READABLE BY THE
 AVERAGE VIEWER AND NO SMALLER THAN THE LARGEST FONT SIZE OF  OTHER  TEXT
 APPEARING ON THE WEBSITE ON WHICH THE CHATBOT IS UTILIZED.
   4. WHENEVER THE ATTORNEY GENERAL SHALL BELIEVE FROM EVIDENCE SATISFAC-
 TORY  TO  THEM  THAT AN OPERATOR HAS ENGAGED IN OR IS ABOUT TO ENGAGE IN
 ANY OF THE ACTS OR PRACTICES STATED TO BE UNLAWFUL IN THIS SECTION, THEY
 MAY BRING AN ACTION IN THE NAME AND ON BEHALF OF THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE
 OF NEW YORK TO ENJOIN AN OPERATOR FROM CONTINUING SUCH UNLAWFUL ACTS  OR
 PRACTICES,  AND  MAY  SEEK  CIVIL  PENALTIES  OF  UP TO FIFTEEN THOUSAND
 DOLLARS PER DAY FOR A VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION, AND MAY SEEK SUCH OTHER
 REMEDIES AS THE COURT MAY DEEM APPROPRIATE.
   5.  THE  ATTORNEY  GENERAL  SHALL  MAINTAIN  A  WEBSITE   TO   RECEIVE
 COMPLAINTS, INFORMATION OR REFERRALS FROM MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC CONCERN-
 ING VIOLATIONS OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION.
   §  2.  This  act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after it shall
 have become a law.

co-Sponsors

View additional co-sponsors

2025-A6545C (ACTIVE) - Details

Current Committee:: Assembly Codes
Law Section:: General Business Law
Laws Affected:: Add §390-f, Gen Bus L

2025-A6545C (ACTIVE) - Summary

Imposes liability for damages caused by a chatbot impersonating certain licensed professionals.

2025-A6545C (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  6545--C
 
                        2025-2026 Regular Sessions
 
                           I N  A S S E M B L Y
 
                               March 6, 2025
                                ___________
 
 Introduced by M. of A. ZACCARO, TAPIA, RAGA, McDONOUGH, NOVAKHOV, STECK,
   DAVILA, JACOBSON, GLICK, WOERNER, MILLER, K. BROWN, GALLAHAN, HYNDMAN,
   CUNNINGHAM,   REYES,  YEGER,  KASSAY,  SHIMSKY,  PIROZZOLO,  McDONALD,
   TORRES, BUTTENSCHON, SEMPOLINSKI, RA, LEVENBERG, GRIFFIN, GRAY,  MANK-
   TELOW, CHLUDZINSKI, COOK, BROOK-KRASNY, NORBER, WRIGHT, FORREST, McMA-
   HON,  LUNSFORD  -- read once and referred to the Committee on Consumer
   Affairs and Protection -- committee discharged, bill amended,  ordered
   reprinted  as amended and recommitted to said committee -- recommitted
   to the Committee on Consumer Affairs and Protection in accordance with
   Assembly Rule 3, sec. 2 --  reference  changed  to  the  Committee  on
   Science  and Technology -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered
   reprinted as amended  and  recommitted  to  said  committee  --  again
   reported  from  said  committee  with amendments, ordered reprinted as
   amended and recommitted to said committee
 
 AN ACT to amend the  general  business  law,  in  relation  to  imposing
   liability  for  damages  caused  by  a  chatbot  impersonating certain
   licensed professionals
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. The general business law is amended by adding a new section
 390-f to read as follows:
   §  390-F. LIABILITY FOR CHATBOT RESPONSES. 1. AS USED IN THIS SECTION,
 THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   (A) "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEANING  AS  DEFINED
 BY SECTION SEVENTEEN HUNDRED OF THIS CHAPTER.
   (B)  "GENERATIVE  ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEANING
 AS DEFINED BY SECTION SEVENTEEN HUNDRED OF THIS CHAPTER.
   (C) "CHATBOT" SHALL MEAN AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM, GENERATIVE
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, SOFTWARE PROGRAM, OR TECHNOLOGICAL  APPLICATION
 THAT  SIMULATES  HUMAN-LIKE  CONVERSATION IN RESPONSE TO USER INPUTS AND

  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD10388-07-6
 A. 6545--C                          2

 
 INTERACTION THROUGH TEXT MESSAGES,  VOICE  COMMANDS,  OR  A  COMBINATION
 THEREOF TO PROVIDE INFORMATION AND SERVICES TO USERS.
   (D)  "COVERED  PROFESSION"  SHALL MEAN A PROFESSION WHOSE LICENSURE IS
 GOVERNED UNDER ARTICLES ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-ONE,  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-
 THREE,  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-FIVE,  ONE  HUNDRED THIRTY-SIX, ONE HUNDRED
 THIRTY-SEVEN,  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-NINE,  ONE  HUNDRED  FORTY-ONE,  ONE
 HUNDRED  FORTY-THREE,  ONE  HUNDRED FORTY-FIVE, ONE HUNDRED FORTY-SEVEN,
 ONE HUNDRED FIFTY-THREE, ONE HUNDRED FIFTY-FOUR, OR ONE  HUNDRED  SIXTY-
 THREE OF THE EDUCATION LAW OR ARTICLE FIFTEEN OF THE JUDICIARY LAW.
   (E)  "OPERATOR" SHALL MEAN ANY PERSON, PARTNERSHIP, ASSOCIATION, FIRM,
 OR BUSINESS ENTITY, OR ANY MEMBER, AFFILIATE, SUBSIDIARY  OR  BENEFICIAL
 OWNER  OF  ANY  PARTNERSHIP,  ASSOCIATION,  FIRM, OR BUSINESS ENTITY WHO
 OWNS, OPERATES OR DEPLOYS A CHATBOT USED TO  INTERACT  WITH  USERS.  THE
 TERM  "OPERATOR"  SHALL  NOT INCLUDE THIRD-PARTY DEVELOPERS THAT LICENSE
 THEIR CHATBOT TECHNOLOGY TO AN OPERATOR.
   2. (A) AN OPERATOR OF A CHATBOT SHALL NOT KNOWINGLY PERMIT SUCH  CHAT-
 BOT  TO  IMPERSONATE  AN  ACTUAL OR FICTITIOUS PRACTITIONER OF A COVERED
 PROFESSION IN A MANNER THAT, IF DONE BY A NATURAL PERSON:
   (I) WOULD CONSTITUTE A CRIME UNDER SECTION SIXTY-FIVE  HUNDRED  TWELVE
 OR  SIXTY-FIVE  HUNDRED  THIRTEEN  OF THE EDUCATION LAW IN RELATION TO A
 COVERED PROFESSION; OR
   (II) WOULD VIOLATE THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLE FIFTEEN OF THE  JUDICIARY
 LAW PROHIBITING THE PRACTICE OR APPEARANCE AS AN ATTORNEY-AT-LAW WITHOUT
 BEING ADMITTED AND REGISTERED UNDER SUCH ARTICLE.
   (B)  FOR  THE PURPOSES OF ESTABLISHING A VIOLATION OF SUBPARAGRAPH (I)
 OR (II) OF PARAGRAPH (A) OF  THIS  SUBDIVISION,  AN  OPERATOR  SHALL  BE
 DEEMED TO KNOW THAT A CHATBOT CANNOT LAWFULLY PRACTICE A COVERED PROFES-
 SION OR APPEAR AS AN ATTORNEY-AT-LAW.
   (C)  AN  OPERATOR  SHALL  NOT  WAIVE  OR DISCLAIM LIABILITY UNDER THIS
 SECTION BY NOTIFYING CONSUMERS THAT THEY ARE INTERACTING WITH A  NON-HU-
 MAN CHATBOT SYSTEM.
   (D)  AN  OPERATOR  SHALL  NOT  BE  LIABLE UNDER THIS SECTION WHERE THE
 IMPERSONATION IS A RESULT OF  A  USER  INTENTIONALLY  CIRCUMVENTING  THE
 TERMS  OF  SERVICE  OR  THE  SAFEGUARDS  IMPLEMENTED  BY THE OPERATOR TO
 PREVENT SUCH IMPERSONATION.
   3. OPERATORS UTILIZING CHATBOTS SHALL PROVIDE CLEAR,  CONSPICUOUS  AND
 EXPLICIT  NOTICE  TO  USERS THAT THEY ARE INTERACTING WITH AN ARTIFICIAL
 INTELLIGENCE CHATBOT PROGRAM. THE TEXT OF THE NOTICE SHALL APPEAR IN THE
 SAME LANGUAGE THE CHATBOT IS USING AND IN A SIZE EASILY READABLE BY  THE
 AVERAGE  VIEWER  AND NO SMALLER THAN THE LARGEST FONT SIZE OF OTHER TEXT
 APPEARING ON THE WEBSITE ON WHICH THE CHATBOT IS UTILIZED.
   4. WHENEVER THE ATTORNEY GENERAL SHALL BELIEVE FROM EVIDENCE SATISFAC-
 TORY TO THEM THAT AN OPERATOR HAS ENGAGED IN OR IS ABOUT  TO  ENGAGE  IN
 ANY OF THE ACTS OR PRACTICES STATED TO BE UNLAWFUL IN THIS SECTION, THEY
 MAY BRING AN ACTION IN THE NAME AND ON BEHALF OF THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE
 OF  NEW YORK TO ENJOIN AN OPERATOR FROM CONTINUING SUCH UNLAWFUL ACTS OR
 PRACTICES, AND MAY SEEK  CIVIL  PENALTIES  OF  UP  TO  FIFTEEN  THOUSAND
 DOLLARS PER DAY FOR A VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION, AND MAY SEEK SUCH OTHER
 REMEDIES AS THE COURT MAY DEEM APPROPRIATE.
   5.   THE   ATTORNEY  GENERAL  SHALL  MAINTAIN  A  WEBSITE  TO  RECEIVE
 COMPLAINTS, INFORMATION OR REFERRALS FROM MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC CONCERN-
 ING VIOLATIONS OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION.
   § 2. This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day  after  it  shall
 have become a law.

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Assembly Bill A6545

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2025-A6545 - Details

2025-A6545 - Summary

2025-A6545 - Bill Text download pdf

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2025-A6545A - Details

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2025-A6545A - Bill Text download pdf

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2025-A6545B - Details

2025-A6545B - Summary

2025-A6545B - Bill Text download pdf

co-Sponsors

2025-A6545C (ACTIVE) - Details

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Sponsored By

ZACCARO

Current Bill Status - In Assembly Committee

Actions

Bill Amendments

co-Sponsors

Yudelka Tapia

Steven Raga

David McDonough

Michael Novakhov

2025-A6545 - Details

2025-A6545 - Summary

2025-A6545 - Bill Text download pdf

co-Sponsors

Yudelka Tapia

Steven Raga

David McDonough

Michael Novakhov

2025-A6545A - Details

2025-A6545A - Summary

2025-A6545A - Bill Text download pdf

co-Sponsors

Yudelka Tapia

Steven Raga

David McDonough

Michael Novakhov

2025-A6545B - Details

2025-A6545B - Summary

2025-A6545B - Bill Text download pdf

co-Sponsors

Yudelka Tapia

Steven Raga

David McDonough

Michael Novakhov