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benefits, OR THE ADMINISTRATION OR MANAGEMENT OF BENEFITS RELATING TO
DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, including but not limited to, any of the
following:
(i) mail service pharmacy;
(ii) claims processing, retail network management, or payment of
claims to pharmacies for dispensing prescription drugs;
(iii) clinical or other formulary or preferred drug list development
or management;
(iv) negotiation or administration of rebates, discounts, payment
differentials, or other incentives, for the inclusion of particular
prescription drugs in a particular category or to promote the purchase
of particular prescription drugs;
(v) patient compliance, therapeutic intervention, or generic substi-
tution programs;
(vi) disease management;
(vii) drug utilization review or prior authorization;
(viii) adjudication of appeals or grievances related to prescription
drug coverage;
(ix) contracting with network pharmacies; [and]
(x) controlling the cost of covered prescription drugs; AND
(XI) CREDENTIALING, CONTRACTING, AUTHORIZING, PROCESSING PAYMENT, OR
ACTING AS AN INTERMEDIARY FOR THE MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATION, OR
PROVISION OF DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, EXCLUDING WORKERS' COMPENSATION
PLANS.
(c) "Pharmacy benefit manager" means any entity that performs pharmacy
benefit management services for a health plan.
(d) "Maximum allowable cost price" means a maximum reimbursement
amount set by the pharmacy benefit manager for therapeutically equiv-
alent multiple source generic drugs.
(e) "Controlling person" means any person or other entity who or which
directly or indirectly has the power to direct or cause to be directed
the management, control or activities of a pharmacy benefit manager.
(f) "Covered individual" means a member, participant, enrollee,
contract holder or policy holder or beneficiary of a health plan.
(g) "License" means a license to be a pharmacy benefit manager, under
article twenty-nine of the insurance law.
(h) "Spread pricing" means the practice of a pharmacy benefit manager
retaining an additional amount of money in addition to the amount paid
to the pharmacy OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER to fill a
prescription.
(i) "Superintendent" means the superintendent of financial services.
(J) "DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT" MEANS DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT THAT HAVE
BEEN ORDERED BY A PRACTITIONER IN THE TREATMENT OF A SPECIFIC MEDICAL
CONDITION AND THAT HAVE ALL OF THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS:
(I) CAN WITHSTAND REPEATED USE FOR A PROTRACTED PERIOD OF TIME;
(II) ARE PRIMARILY AND CUSTOMARILY USED FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES;
(III) ARE GENERALLY NOT USEFUL IN THE ABSENCE OF AN ILLNESS OR INJURY;
(IV) ARE NOT USUALLY FITTED, DESIGNED OR FASHIONED FOR A PARTICULAR
INDIVIDUAL'S USE; AND
(V) IF INTENDED FOR USE BY ONLY ONE PATIENT, THE EQUIPMENT MAY BE
EITHER CUSTOM-MADE OR CUSTOMIZED.
THE TERM "DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT" SHALL ALSO INCLUDE
MEDICAL/SURGICAL SUPPLIES, ORTHOTIC APPLIANCES AND DEVICES, AND
ORTHOPEDIC FOOTWEAR, AS DEFINED BY THE COMMISSIONER.
3. Prescriptions. A pharmacy benefit manager may not substitute or
cause the substituting of one prescription drug OR ITEM OF DURABLE
A. 7357 3
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT for another in dispensing a prescription, or alter or
cause the altering of the terms of a prescription, except with the
approval of the prescriber or as explicitly required or permitted by
law, including regulations of the department of financial services or
the department of health. The superintendent and commissioner, in coor-
dination with each other, are authorized to promulgate regulations to
determine when substitution of prescription drugs OR DURABLE MEDICAL
EQUIPMENT may be required or permitted.
4. Appeals. A pharmacy benefit manager shall, with respect to
contracts between a pharmacy benefit manager and a pharmacy OR DURABLE
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER or, alternatively, a pharmacy benefit manager
and a [pharmacy's] contracting agent OF A PHARMACY OR DURABLE MEDICAL
EQUIPMENT PROVIDER, such as a pharmacy services administrative organiza-
tion, include a reasonable process to appeal, investigate and resolve
disputes regarding multi-source generic drug pricing. The appeals proc-
ess shall include the following provisions:
(a) the right to appeal by the pharmacy, DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
PROVIDER, and/or the [pharmacy's] contracting agent OF THE PHARMACY OR
DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER shall be limited to thirty days
following the initial claim submitted for payment;
(b) a telephone number through which a network pharmacy OR DURABLE
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER may contact the pharmacy benefit manager for
the purpose of filing an appeal and an electronic mail address of the
individual who is responsible for processing appeals;
(c) the pharmacy benefit manager shall send an electronic mail message
acknowledging receipt of the appeal. The pharmacy benefit manager shall
respond in an electronic message to the pharmacy, DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIP-
MENT PROVIDER, and/or the [pharmacy's] contracting agent OF THE PHARMACY
OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER filing the appeal within seven
business days indicating its determination. If the appeal is determined
to be valid, the maximum allowable cost for the drug shall be adjusted
for the appealing pharmacy OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER effec-
tive as of the date of the original claim for payment. The pharmacy
benefit manager shall require the appealing pharmacy OR DURABLE MEDICAL
EQUIPMENT PROVIDER to reverse and rebill the claim in question in order
to obtain the corrected reimbursement;
(d) if an update to the maximum allowable cost is warranted, the phar-
macy benefit manager or covered entity shall adjust the maximum allow-
able cost of the drug effective for all similarly situated pharmacies in
its network in the state on the date the appeal was determined to be
valid; and
(e) if an appeal is denied, the pharmacy benefit manager shall identi-
fy the national drug code of a therapeutically equivalent drug, as
determined by the federal Food and Drug Administration, that is avail-
able for purchase by pharmacies in this state from wholesalers regis-
tered pursuant to subdivision four of section sixty-eight hundred eight
of the education law at a price which is equal to or less than the maxi-
mum allowable cost for that drug as determined by the pharmacy benefit
manager.
5. Contract provisions. No pharmacy benefit manager shall, with
respect to contracts between such pharmacy benefit manager and a PHARMA-
CY OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER pharmacy or, alternatively,
such pharmacy benefit manager and a [pharmacy's] contracting agent OF A
PHARMACY OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER, such as a pharmacy
services administrative organization:
A. 7357 4
(a) prohibit or penalize a pharmacist [or], pharmacy, OR DURABLE
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER from disclosing to an individual purchasing
[a] prescription medication, DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, or A service
information regarding:
(i) the cost of the prescription medication, DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIP-
MENT, or service to the individual, or the cost of the prescription
medication, DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, or service to the pharmacy OR
DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER and the [pharmacy's] reimbursement TO
SUCH PHARMACY OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER for that
prescription medication, DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, or service; or
(ii) the availability of any therapeutically equivalent alternative
medications or alternative methods of purchasing the prescription medi-
cation OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, including but not limited to,
paying a cash price; or
(b) charge or collect from an individual a copayment that exceeds the
total submitted charges by the pharmacy OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
PROVIDER for which the pharmacy OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER is
paid. If an individual pays a copayment, the pharmacy OR DURABLE
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER shall retain the adjudicated costs and the
pharmacy benefit manager shall not redact or recoup the adjudicated
cost.
§ 2. Section 280-c of the public health law, as added by section 1 of
part MM of chapter 57 of the laws of 2018, is amended to read as
follows:
§ 280-c. Pharmacy OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER audits by
pharmacy benefit managers. 1. Definitions. As used in this section, the
following terms shall have the following meanings:
(a) "Pharmacy benefit manager" shall have the same meaning as in
section two hundred eighty-a of this article.
(b) "Pharmacy" shall mean a pharmacy that has contracted with a phar-
macy benefit manager for the provision of pharmacy services.
(C) "DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEANING AS IN
SECTION TWO HUNDRED EIGHTY-A OF THIS ARTICLE.
2. When conducting an audit of a pharmacy's OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIP-
MENT PROVIDER'S records, a pharmacy benefit manager shall:
(a) not conduct an on-site audit of a pharmacy OR DURABLE MEDICAL
EQUIPMENT PROVIDER at any time during the first three calendar days of a
month;
(b) notify the pharmacy, DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER or [its]
THE contracting agent OF SUCH PHARMACY OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
PROVIDER no later than fifteen days before the date of initial on-site
audit. Such notification to the pharmacy, DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
PROVIDER or [its] THE contracting agent OF SUCH PHARMACY OR DURABLE
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER shall be in writing delivered either (i) by
mail or common carrier, return receipt requested, or (ii) electronically
with electronic receipt confirmation, addressed to the supervising phar-
macist of record and pharmacy corporate office, OR THE DURABLE MEDICAL
EQUIPMENT PROVIDER, where applicable, at least fifteen days before the
date of an initial on-site audit;
(c) limit the audit period to twenty-four months after the date a
claim is submitted to or adjudicated by the pharmacy benefit manager;
(d) include in the written advance notice of an on-site audit the list
of specific prescription numbers to be included in the audit that may or
may not include the final two digits of the prescription numbers;
(e) use the written and verifiable records of a hospital, physician or
other authorized practitioner, which are transmitted by any means of
A. 7357 5
communication, to validate the pharmacy OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
PROVIDER records in accordance with state and federal law;
(f) limit the number of prescriptions audited to no more than one
hundred randomly selected in a twelve-month period, except in cases of
fraud;
(g) provide the pharmacy, DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER or [its]
THE contracting agent OF SUCH PHARMACY OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
PROVIDER with a copy of the preliminary audit report within forty-five
days after the conclusion of the audit;
(h) be allowed to conduct a follow-up audit on-site if a remote or
desk audit reveals the necessity for a review of additional claims;
(i) in the case of invoice audits, accept as validation invoices from
any wholesaler registered with the department of education from which
the pharmacy OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER has purchased
prescription drugs or, in the case of durable medical equipment or sick-
room supplies, invoices from an authorized distributor other than a
wholesaler;
(j) provide the pharmacy, DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER or [its]
THE contracting agent OF SUCH PHARMACY OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
PROVIDER with the ability to provide documentation to address a discrep-
ancy or audit finding, provided that such documentation must be received
by the pharmacy benefit manager no later than the forty-fifth day after
the preliminary audit report was provided to the pharmacy, DURABLE
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER or [its] THE contracting agent OF SUCH PHAR-
MACY OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER. The pharmacy benefit manag-
er shall consider a reasonable request from the pharmacy OR DURABLE
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER for an extension of time to submit documenta-
tion to address or correct any findings in the report; and
(k) provide the pharmacy, DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER, or [its]
THE contracting agent OF SUCH PHARMACY OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
PROVIDER with the final audit report no later than sixty days after the
initial audit report was provided to the pharmacy, DURABLE MEDICAL
EQUIPMENT PROVIDER, or [its] THE contracting agent OF SUCH PHARMACY OR
DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER.
3. Any claim that was retroactively denied for a clerical error, typo-
graphical error, scrivener's error or computer error shall be paid if
the prescription was properly and correctly dispensed, unless a pattern
of such errors exists, fraudulent billing is alleged or the error
results in actual financial loss to the entity. A clerical error is an
error that does not result in actual financial harm to the covered enti-
ty or consumer and does not include the dispensing of an incorrect dose,
amount or type of medication or dispensing a prescription drug OR DURA-
BLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT to the wrong person.
4. This section shall not apply to:
(a) audits in which suspected fraudulent activity or other intentional
or willful misrepresentation is evidenced by a physical review, review
of claims data or statements, or other investigative methods; or
(b) audits of claims paid for by federally funded programs; or
(c) concurrent reviews or desk audits that occur within three business
days of transmission of a claim and where no chargeback or recoupment is
demanded.
§ 3. Paragraph 2 of subsection (a) of section 111-a of the insurance
law, as added by chapter 738 of the laws of 2023, is amended to read as
follows:
(2) A pharmacy benefit manager, including an entity that directly or
through an intermediary, manages the prescription drug coverage provided
A. 7357 6
by a health insurer under a contract or policy delivered or issued for
delivery in this state or a health plan subject to section three hundred
sixty-four-j of the social services law, including the processing and
payment of claims for prescription drugs, the performance of drug utili-
zation review, the processing of drug prior authorization requests, the
adjudication of appeals or grievances related to prescription drug
coverage, contracting with network pharmacies, and controlling the cost
of covered prescription drugs, BUT NOT INCLUDING A PHARMACY BENEFIT
MANAGER ENGAGED SOLELY IN CREDENTIALING, CONTRACTING, AUTHORIZING, PROC-
ESSING PAYMENT, OR ACTING AS AN INTERMEDIARY FOR THE MANAGEMENT, ADMIN-
ISTRATION, OR PROVISION OF DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, PROSTHETICS,
ORTHOTICS OR SUPPLIES.
§ 4. Subsection (b) of section 2901 of the insurance law, as amended
by chapter 128 of the laws of 2022, is amended to read as follows:
(b) The terms "covered individual", "health plan", "pharmacy benefit
manager", [and] "pharmacy benefit management services", AND "DURABLE
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT" have the same meanings as defined by section two
hundred eighty-a of the public health law. The superintendent is
expressly authorized to interpret these terms as if the definitions were
stated within this article.
§ 5. Subsection (b) of section 2902 of the insurance law, as amended
by chapter 128 of the laws of 2022, is amended to read as follows:
(b) Any person, firm, association, corporation or other entity that
violates this section shall, in addition to any other penalty provided
by law, be liable for restitution and compensatory damages to any health
plan, pharmacy, DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER, [or] covered indi-
vidual, or other person harmed by the violation and shall also be
subject to a penalty not exceeding of the greater of (1) four thousand
dollars for the first violation and ten thousand dollars for each subse-
quent violation or (2) the aggregate economic gross receipts attribut-
able to all violations.
§ 6. Subsection (b) of section 2905 of the insurance law, as amended
by chapter 128 of the laws of 2022, is amended to read as follows:
(b) Any person, firm, association, corporation or other entity that
violates this section shall, in addition to any other penalty provided
by law, be liable for restitution and compensatory damages to any health
plan, pharmacy, DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER, covered individual
or other person harmed by the violation and further shall be subject to
a penalty not exceeding the greater of (1) four thousand dollars for the
first violation and ten thousand dollars for each subsequent violation
or (2) the aggregate economic gross receipts attributable to all
violations, as determined by the superintendent at a hearing.
§ 7. Paragraph 6 of subsection (b) of section 2906 of the insurance
law, as added by chapter 128 of the laws of 2022, is amended to read as
follows:
(6) standards and practices used in the creation of pharmacy networks
AND DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDER NETWORKS and contracting with
network pharmacies, DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PROVIDERS, and other
providers, including promotion and use of independent and community
pharmacies and patient access and minimizing excessive concentration and
vertical integration of markets; and
§ 8. Paragraph 1 of subsection (g) of section 3217-a of the insurance
law is amended by adding a new subparagraph (J) to read as follows:
(J) "DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEANING AS IN
SECTION TWO HUNDRED EIGHTY-A OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH LAW.
A. 7357 7
§ 9. Subparagraph (B) of paragraph 1, and paragraphs 6, 7 and 10 of
subsection (g) of section 3217-a of the insurance law, as added by chap-
ter 63 of the laws of 2023, are amended to read as follows:
(B) "Cost-sharing information" means the amount an insured is required
to pay to receive a drug OR ITEM OF DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT that is
covered under the insured's insurance policy.
(6) Upon a request made pursuant to paragraph three of this
subsection, the insurer or pharmacy benefit manager shall provide the
following data for any drug OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT covered under
the insured's insurance policy:
(A) insured-specific eligibility information;
(B) insured-specific prescription cost and benefit data, such as
applicable formulary, benefit, coverage and cost-sharing data for the
prescribed drug and clinically-appropriate alternatives OR DURABLE
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, when appropriate;
(C) insured-specific cost-sharing information that describes variance
in cost-sharing based on the pharmacy OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
PROVIDER dispensing the prescribed drug or its alternatives OR DURABLE
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, and in relation to the insured's benefit; and
(D) applicable utilization management requirements.
(7) Any insurer or pharmacy benefit manager shall furnish the data as
required whether the request is made using the [drug's] unique billing
code OF THE DRUG OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, such as a National Drug
Code or Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System code or descriptive
term. An insurer or pharmacy benefit manager shall not deny or unreason-
ably delay processing a request.
(10) Nothing in this subsection shall interfere with insured choice
and a health care provider's ability to convey the full range of
prescription drug OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT cost options to an
insured. Insurers and pharmacy benefit managers shall not restrict a
health care provider from communicating to the insured prescription cost
options.
§ 10. Paragraph 1 of subsection (g) of section 4324 of the insurance
law is amended by adding a new subparagraph (J) to read as follows:
(J) "DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEANING AS IN
SECTION TWO HUNDRED EIGHTY-A OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH LAW.
§ 11. Subparagraph (B) of paragraph 1, and paragraphs 6, 7 and 10 of
subsection (g) of section 4324 of the insurance law, as added by chapter
63 of the laws of 2023, are amended to read as follows:
(B) "Cost-sharing information" means the amount a subscriber is
required to pay to receive a drug OR AN ITEM OF DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIP-
MENT that is covered under the subscriber's insurance contract.
(6) Upon a request made pursuant to paragraph three of this
subsection, the health service, hospital service, or medical expense
indemnity corporation or pharmacy benefit manager shall provide the
following data for any drug OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT covered under
the subscriber's insurance contract:
(A) subscriber-specific eligibility information;
(B) subscriber-specific prescription cost and benefit data, such as
applicable formulary, benefit, coverage, and cost-sharing data for the
prescribed drug and clinically-appropriate alternatives OR DURABLE
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, when appropriate;
(C) subscriber-specific cost-sharing information that describes vari-
ance in cost-sharing based on the pharmacy OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
PROVIDER dispensing the prescribed drug or its alternatives OR DURABLE
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, and in relation to the insured's benefit; and
A. 7357 8
(D) applicable utilization management requirements.
(7) A health service, hospital service, or medical expense indemnity
corporation or pharmacy benefit manager shall furnish the data as
required whether the request is made using the [drug's] unique billing
code OF THE DRUG OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, such as a National Drug
Code or Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System code or descriptive
term. A health service, hospital service, or medical expense indemnity
corporation or pharmacy benefit manager shall not deny or unreasonably
delay processing a request.
(10) Nothing in this subsection shall interfere with subscriber choice
and a health care provider's ability to convey the full range of
prescription drug OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT cost options to a
subscriber. Health service, hospital service, or medical expense indem-
nity corporations and pharmacy benefit managers shall not restrict a
health care provider from communicating to the subscriber prescription
cost options.
§ 12. Paragraph (a) of subdivision 8 of section 4408 of the public
health law is amended by adding a new subparagraph (x) to read as
follows:
(X) "DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEANING AS IN
SECTION TWO HUNDRED EIGHTY-A OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH LAW.
§ 13. Subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (a), and paragraphs (f), (g) and
(j) of subdivision 8 of section 4408 of the public health law, as added
by chapter 63 of the laws of 2023, are amended to read as follows:
(ii) "Cost-sharing information" means the amount a subscriber is
required to pay to receive a drug OR AN ITEM OF DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIP-
MENT that is covered under the subscriber's insurance contract.
(f) Upon a request made pursuant to paragraph (c) of this subdivision,
the health maintenance organization or pharmacy benefit manager shall
provide the following data for any drug OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
covered under the subscriber's subscriber contract:
(i) subscriber-specific eligibility information;
(ii) subscriber-specific prescription cost and benefit data, such as
applicable formulary, benefit, coverage, and cost-sharing data for the
prescribed drug and clinically-appropriate alternatives OR DURABLE
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, when appropriate;
(iii) subscriber-specific cost-sharing information that describes
variance in cost-sharing based on the pharmacy OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIP-
MENT PROVIDER dispensing the prescribed drug or its alternatives OR
DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, and in relation to the insured's benefit; and
(iv) applicable utilization management requirements.
(g) A health maintenance organization or pharmacy benefit manager
shall furnish the data as required whether the request is made using the
[drug's] unique billing code OF THE DRUG OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT,
such as a National Drug Code or Healthcare Common Procedure Coding
System code or descriptive term. A health maintenance organization or
pharmacy benefit manager shall not deny or unreasonably delay processing
a request.
(j) Nothing in this subdivision shall interfere with subscriber choice
and a health care provider's ability to convey the full range of
prescription drug OR DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT cost options to a
subscriber. Health maintenance organizations and pharmacy benefit manag-
ers shall not restrict a health care provider from communicating to the
subscriber prescription cost options.
§ 14. This act shall take effect immediately.