S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________
8917
2025-2026 Regular Sessions
I N A S S E M B L Y
July 16, 2025
___________
Introduced by M. of A. VALDEZ -- read once and referred to the Committee
on Labor
AN ACT to amend the labor law, in relation to prohibiting the surveil-
lance of workers in private, off-duty areas or a worker's residence,
vehicle or property
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. The labor law is amended by adding a new section 45 to read
as follows:
§ 45. WORKPLACE SURVEILLANCE OF EMPLOYEES; PROHIBITION. 1. FOR THE
PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION:
A. "AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE" MEANS A PERSON OR ORGANIZATION
APPOINTED BY THE WORKER TO SERVE AS AN AGENT OF THE WORKER; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, THAT "AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE" DOES NOT MEAN A WORKER'S
EMPLOYER.
B. "EMPLOYER" MEANS A PERSON WHO DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR THROUGH AN
AGENT OR ANY OTHER PERSON, EMPLOYS OR EXERCISES CONTROL OVER THE WAGES,
BENEFITS, OTHER COMPENSATION, HOURS, WORKING CONDITIONS, ACCESS TO WORK
OR JOB OPPORTUNITIES, OR OTHER TERMS OR CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT, OF ANY
WORKER. "EMPLOYER" INCLUDES AN EMPLOYER'S LABOR CONTRACTOR.
C. "WORKER" MEANS A NATURAL PERSON OR THAT PERSON'S AUTHORIZED REPRE-
SENTATIVE ACTING AS A JOB APPLICANT TO, AN EMPLOYEE OF, OR AN INDEPEND-
ENT CONTRACTOR PROVIDING SERVICE TO, OR THROUGH, A BUSINESS OR A STATE
OR LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL ENTITY IN A WORKPLACE.
D. "WORKER DATA" MEANS ANY INFORMATION THAT IDENTIFIES, RELATES TO,
DESCRIBES, IS REASONABLY CAPABLE OF BEING ASSOCIATED WITH, OR COULD
REASONABLY BE LINKED, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, WITH A WORKER, REGARDLESS
OF HOW THE INFORMATION IS COLLECTED, INFERRED, OR OBTAINED.
E. "WORKPLACE SURVEILLANCE TOOL" MEANS A SYSTEM, APPLICATION, INSTRU-
MENT, OR DEVICE THAT COLLECTS OR FACILITATES THE COLLECTION OF WORKER
DATA, ACTIVITIES, COMMUNICATIONS, ACTIONS, BIOMETRICS, OR BEHAVIORS, OR
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD13386-01-5
A. 8917 2
THOSE OF THE PUBLIC, BY MEANS OTHER THAN DIRECT OBSERVATION BY A PERSON,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, VIDEO OR AUDIO SURVEILLANCE, ELECTRONIC
WORK PACE TRACKING, GEOLOCATION, ELECTROMAGNETIC TRACKING, PHOTOELEC-
TRONIC TRACKING, OR UTILIZATION OF A PHOTO-OPTICAL SYSTEM OR OTHER
MEANS.
2. A. AN EMPLOYER SHALL NOT USE A WORKPLACE SURVEILLANCE TOOL TO DO
EITHER OF THE FOLLOWING:
(I) MONITOR OR SURVEIL WORKERS IN PRIVATE, OFF-DUTY AREAS, INCLUDING,
BUT NOT LIMITED TO, BATHROOMS, LOCKER ROOMS, CHANGING AREAS, BREAKROOMS,
SMOKING AREAS, LACTATION SPACES, EMPLOYEE CAFETERIAS, AND LOUNGES,
INCLUDING DATA COLLECTION ON THE FREQUENCY OF USE OF THOSE PRIVATE
AREAS; OR
(II) MONITOR OR SURVEIL A WORKER'S RESIDENCE, A WORKER'S PERSONAL
VEHICLE, OR PROPERTY OWNED, LEASED, OR USED BY A WORKER, UNLESS THAT
SURVEILLANCE IS STRICTLY NECESSARY.
B. WORKPLACE SURVEILLANCE TOOLS SHALL BE DISABLED DURING OFF-DUTY
HOURS, INCLUDING REST AND BREAK PERIODS, INCLUDING IN A WORKER'S RESI-
DENCE, PERSONAL VEHICLE, OR PROPERTY OWNED, LEASED, OR USED BY A WORKER.
C. AN EMPLOYER SHALL NOT REQUIRE A WORKER TO PHYSICALLY IMPLANT A
DEVICE THAT COLLECTS OR TRANSMITS DATA, INCLUDING A DEVICE THAT IS
INSTALLED SUBCUTANEOUSLY IN THE BODY.
3. A. AN EMPLOYER SHALL NOT DENY AN EMPLOYEE THE RIGHTS UNDER THIS
SECTION OR DISCHARGE, THREATEN TO DISCHARGE, DEMOTE, SUSPEND, OR IN ANY
MANNER DISCRIMINATE AGAINST AN EMPLOYEE FOR USING, OR ATTEMPTING TO USE,
THE EMPLOYEE'S RIGHTS UNDER THIS SECTION, FILING A COMPLAINT WITH THE
DEPARTMENT OR ALLEGING A VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION, COOPERATING IN AN
INVESTIGATION OR PROSECUTION OF AN ALLEGED VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION, OR
OPPOSING ANY POLICY OR PRACTICE OR ACT THAT IS PROHIBITED BY THIS
SECTION.
B. IN ADDITION TO ANY OTHER REMEDY, AN EMPLOYER WHO VIOLATES THIS
SECTION SHALL BE SUBJECT TO A CIVIL PENALTY OF FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS PER
EMPLOYEE FOR EACH VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT ANY
EMPLOYEE WHO HAS SUFFERED A VIOLATION BY AN EMPLOYER WHO HAS BEEN ISSUED
A CITATION PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH C OF THIS SUBDIVISION MAY BRING A CIVIL
ACTION IN A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY SUCH
VIOLATION, INCLUDING PUNITIVE DAMAGES, AND FOR REASONABLE ATTORNEY'S
FEES AS PART OF THE COSTS OF ANY SUCH ACTION FOR DAMAGES. IN ANY CIVIL
ACTION BROUGHT BY SUCH AN EMPLOYEE FOR A VIOLATION BY AN EMPLOYER, AN
EMPLOYEE OR THE EMPLOYEE'S EXCLUSIVE REPRESENTATIVE MAY PETITION THE
SUPREME COURT IN ANY COUNTY WHEREIN THE VIOLATION IS ALLEGED TO HAVE
OCCURRED, OR WHEREIN THE PERSON RESIDES OR TRANSACTS BUSINESS, FOR
APPROPRIATE TEMPORARY OR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTIVE RELIEF.
C. THE COMMISSIONER SHALL BE AUTHORIZED TO ENFORCE THIS SECTION,
INCLUDING INVESTIGATING AN ALLEGED VIOLATION, AND ORDERING APPROPRIATE
TEMPORARY RELIEF TO MITIGATE A VIOLATION OR MAINTAIN THE STATUS QUO
PENDING THE COMPLETION OF A FULL INVESTIGATION OR HEARING, INCLUDING
ISSUING A CITATION AGAINST AN EMPLOYER WHO VIOLATES THIS SECTION AND
FILING A CIVIL ACTION.
D. IN ADDITION TO OTHER REMEDIES AS MAY BE PROVIDED BY THE LAWS OF
THIS STATE OR ITS SUBDIVISIONS, ANY PUBLIC PROSECUTOR MAY ALSO INSTITUTE
AN ACTION FOR A VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION, INCLUDING AN ACTION SEEKING
INJUNCTIVE RELIEF.
4. THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE CONSTRUED OR INTERPRETED TO SUPERSEDE OR
PREEMPT ANY PROVISIONS OF LOCAL LAW, RULES, OR REGULATIONS.
5. IF ANY PROVISION OF THIS SECTION OR ITS APPLICATION IS HELD INVAL-
ID, SUCH INVALIDITY SHALL NOT AFFECT ANY OF THE OTHER PROVISIONS OR
A. 8917 3
APPLICATIONS THAT CAN BE GIVEN EFFECT WITHOUT THE INVALID PROVISION OR
APPLICATION.
6. NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE DEEMED TO LIMIT THE AUTHORITY OF
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL, A DISTRICT ATTORNEY, OR A MUNICIPAL ATTORNEY,
EITHER UPON THEIR OWN COMPLAINT OR THE COMPLAINT OF ANY PERSON ACTING
FOR THEMSELVES OR THE GENERAL PUBLIC, TO PROSECUTE ACTIONS, EITHER CIVIL
OR CRIMINAL, FOR VIOLATIONS OF THIS SECTION, OR TO ENFORCE THE
PROVISIONS THEREOF INDEPENDENTLY AND WITHOUT SPECIFIC DIRECTION OF THE
COMMISSIONER OR THE DIVISION.
§ 2. This act shall take effect immediately.