S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________
9230
2025-2026 Regular Sessions
I N A S S E M B L Y
November 3, 2025
___________
Introduced by M. of A. TAPIA -- read once and referred to the Committee
on Education
AN ACT to amend the education law, in relation to requiring additional
reporting and documentation requirements for manifestation determi-
nation reviews
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Legislative findings and intent. The legislature finds that
students with disabilities continue to be disproportionately suspended
and excluded from classrooms, often without proper consideration of
their disabilities as required under federal and state law. Manifesta-
tion determination reviews (MDRs), which are designed to protect these
students, are frequently conducted without meaningful parental involve-
ment or adequate review of relevant student needs and services.
The legislature further finds that the inconsistent application of MDR
procedures undermines students' access to education and contributes to
negative long-term outcomes, including academic disengagement and
increased dropout rates. This act is intended to promote equity, trans-
parency, and compliance by improving how MDRs are documented and
reported across all school districts, and by ensuring that disciplinary
decisions are made with due consideration of a student's disability and
needs.
§ 2. The education law is amended by adding a new section 3214-a to
read as follows:
§ 3214-A. MANIFESTATION DETERMINATION REVIEWS; ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS.
1. FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE
FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
(A) "MANIFESTATION DETERMINATION REVIEW" OR "MDR" MEANS A REVIEW OF A
QUALIFYING STUDENT'S BEHAVIOR THAT IS SUBJECT TO DISCIPLINARY ACTION TO
DETERMINE IF SUCH BEHAVIOR IS A MANIFESTATION OF SUCH QUALIFYING
STUDENT'S DISABILITY OR PRESUMED DISABILITY, CONDUCTED PURSUANT TO
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD11531-02-5
A. 9230 2
SUBSECTION (K) OF SECTION FOURTEEN HUNDRED FIFTEEN OF TITLE TWENTY OF
THE UNITED STATES CODE AND ANY FEDERAL REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTING SUCH
STATUTE, 8 NYCRR 201.4, AND/OR PARAGRAPH G OF SUBDIVISION THREE OF
SECTION THIRTY-TWO HUNDRED FOURTEEN OF THIS PART.
(B) "QUALIFYING STUDENT" MEANS A "CHILD WITH A DISABILITY" OR "STUDENT
WITH A DISABILITY" AS DEFINED BY SECTION FORTY-FOUR HUNDRED ONE OF THIS
CHAPTER, OR A STUDENT PRESUMED TO HAVE A DISABILITY FOR DISCIPLINE
PURPOSES.
(C) "MDR WORKSHEET" MEANS A DOCUMENTATION TOOL UTILIZED DURING THE
MANIFESTATION DETERMINATION REVIEW PROCESS TO GUIDE AND RECORD THE
REVIEW TEAM'S DELIBERATIONS. THE MDR WORKSHEET SHALL REFLECT THE DATA
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION. A
UNIFORM WORKSHEET MAY BE DEVELOPED OR ADOPTED AT THE STATE LEVEL, BUT
NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO REQUIRE ITS USE.
2. EACH SCHOOL DISTRICT SHALL, THROUGH A MDR WORKSHEET, COLLECT AND
ANNUALLY REPORT TO THE DEPARTMENT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION FOR EACH
MANIFESTATION DETERMINATION REVIEW CONDUCTED DURING THE PRIOR SCHOOL
YEAR:
(A) THE FINAL DETERMINATION OF EACH MDR;
(B) THE NUMBER OF SUSPENSION DAYS INITIALLY PROPOSED BY THE SCHOOL
DISTRICT IN EACH SUSPENSION SUBJECT TO A MDR;
(C) THE NUMBER OF SUSPENSION DAYS ACTUALLY IMPOSED ON EACH QUALIFYING
STUDENT DURING SUCH SCHOOL YEAR;
(D) EACH QUALIFYING STUDENT'S CLASSIFICATION UNDER THE FEDERAL INDI-
VIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT;
(E) DEMOGRAPHIC DATA OF EACH QUALIFYING STUDENT SUBJECT TO A MDR;
(F) THE PARTIES ATTENDING EACH MDR, INCLUDING WHETHER A PARENT OR
GUARDIAN OR REPRESENTATIVE OF A PARENT OR GUARDIAN OF THE QUALIFYING
STUDENT, OR INTERPRETER, WAS PRESENT AT EACH MDR; AND
(G) WHETHER A FUNCTIONAL BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT AND/OR BEHAVIOR INTER-
VENTION PLAN WAS CONDUCTED PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (K) OF SECTION FOUR-
TEEN HUNDRED FIFTEEN OF TITLE TWENTY OF THE UNITED STATES CODE AND ANY
FEDERAL REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTING SUCH STATUTE WITHIN SIXTY DAYS FOLLOW-
ING EACH MDR.
3. ALL SCHOOL DISTRICTS ARE REQUIRED TO ATTACH A COPY OF THEIR MDR
WORKSHEET TO ANY "PRIOR WRITTEN NOTICE" FOR THE MDR MEETING.
4. (A) THE DEPARTMENT SHALL PUBLICLY REPORT THE INFORMATION COLLECTED
UNDER SUBDIVISION TWO OF THIS SECTION FOR EACH SCHOOL DISTRICT, DISAG-
GREGATED BY DEMOGRAPHIC CATEGORIES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, RACE,
GENDER, ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNER STATUS, AND FEDERAL INDIVIDUALS WITH
DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT DISABILITY CLASSIFICATION. THE DEPARTMENT
SHALL REPORT SUCH INFORMATION IN AN ACCESSIBLE FORMAT AND SHALL ISSUE AN
ANNUAL REPORT SUMMARIZING SCHOOL DISTRICT-LEVEL AND STATEWIDE TRENDS
RELATED TO MANIFESTATION DETERMINATION REVIEWS.
(B) THE COMMISSIONER MAY PROMULGATE RULES AND/OR REGULATIONS TO ESTAB-
LISH ADDITIONAL REPORTING ELEMENTS, METHODS OF DISAGGREGATION, AND TECH-
NICAL STANDARDS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT THIS SUBDIVISION.
5. THE COMMISSIONER SHALL BE AUTHORIZED TO PROMULGATE ANY RULES AND/OR
REGULATIONS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION.
§ 3. This act shall take effect on the first of July next succeeding
the date on which it shall have become a law. Effective immediately, the
addition, amendment and/or repeal of any rule or regulation necessary
for the implementation of this act on its effective date are authorized
to be made and completed on or before such effective date.