S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________
9253
2025-2026 Regular Sessions
I N A S S E M B L Y
November 21, 2025
___________
Introduced by M. of A. ROSENTHAL -- read once and referred to the
Committee on Codes
AN ACT to amend the executive law, in relation to requiring policing
agencies to conduct an inventory of, and develop a publicly-available
policy for, any artificial intelligence used to aid criminal investi-
gations
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. The executive law is amended by adding a new section 837-z
to read as follows:
§ 837-Z. USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BY POLICING AGENCIES. 1. FOR
THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION:
(A) "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" OR "AI" MEANS A MACHINE-BASED TECHNOLOGY
THAT CAN INFER FROM THE INPUT IT RECEIVES HOW TO GENERATE OUTPUTS,
INCLUDING CONTENT, DECISIONS, PREDICTIONS, OR RECOMMENDATIONS.
(B) "COVERED AI" MEANS ANY AI USED TO AID A LAW ENFORCEMENT INVESTI-
GATION, INCLUDING BY GENERATING A LEAD FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION OR
CORROBORATION, AS WELL AS GENERATIVE AI TECHNOLOGIES USED TO WRITE OR
MATERIALLY AID IN WRITING POLICE REPORTS OR OTHER RECORDS RELATING TO A
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION.
(I) COVERED AI INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, TECHNOLOGIES THAT
PERFORM BIOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION; FORENSIC DNA PHENOTYPING; FORENSIC
INVESTIGATIVE GENETIC GENEALOGY; CROSS-CAMERA TRACKING; VEHICLE SURVEIL-
LANCE OR TRACKING INCLUDING AUTOMATED LICENSE PLATE READERS; ANOMALY
DETECTION; GUNSHOT DETECTION; PERSON-BASED PREDICTIVE POLICING; RISK
SCORING; BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS; SENTIMENT ANALYSIS; CONVOY ANALYSIS; FRAUD
DETECTION; ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS; SOCIAL NETWORK OR SOCIAL
MEDIA ANALYSIS.
(II) COVERED AI DOES NOT MEAN AI THAT IS USED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS
THAT DO NOT MATERIALLY IMPACT INVESTIGATIONS, SUCH AS PRODUCTIVITY AND
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD13978-02-5
A. 9253 2
DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT TOOLS, OR GENERATIVE AI TECHNOLOGIES USED TO CHECK
SPELLING OR GRAMMAR.
2. (A) ON AN ANNUAL BASIS, ANY LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY USING COVERED AI
SHALL CONDUCT AN INVENTORY OF ALL SYSTEMS USED BY THE AGENCY AND SHALL
MAKE PUBLICLY AVAILABLE, AT MINIMUM, THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION FOR EACH
SYSTEM:
(I) THE NAME OF EACH SYSTEM, INCLUDING THE VENDOR AND PRODUCT NAME, IF
APPLICABLE;
(II) A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF EACH SYSTEM'S CAPABILITIES AND LIMITA-
TIONS;
(III) A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE TYPE OR TYPES OF DATA INPUTS EACH
SYSTEM USES AND OUTPUTS IT PRODUCES; AND
(IV) A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF AUTHORIZED AND UNAUTHORIZED USES FOR EACH
SYSTEM.
(B) AI SYSTEM INVENTORY INFORMATION IS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE IN ACCORD-
ANCE WITH THIS SUBDIVISION IF IT IS POSTED CONSPICUOUSLY ON THE LAW
ENFORCEMENT AGENCY'S WEBSITE IN A TEXT-SEARCHABLE FORMAT AND IS ACCESSI-
BLE AT NO COST. IF THE LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY EMPLOYS FEWER THAN TEN
FULL-TIME SWORN OFFICERS AND DOES NOT MAINTAIN A WEBSITE, SUCH INFORMA-
TION SHALL SATISFY THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS SUBDIVISION IF IT IS MADE
AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST, CONSISTENT WITH THE DISCLOSURE RESPONSE TIME
ESTABLISHED IN ARTICLE SIX OF THE PUBLIC OFFICERS LAW, AND AT NO COST TO
THE REQUESTING PARTY.
3. (A) (I) ANY USE OF COVERED AI IN A CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION SHALL BE
DISCLOSED IN A POLICE REPORT FILED FOR THAT INVESTIGATION.
(II) UPON ARREST OR CITATION FOLLOWING A CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION, THE
POLICE REPORT SHALL BE SUBMITTED TO THE PROSECUTING ATTORNEY'S OFFICE
AND MADE AVAILABLE TO THE INDIVIDUAL UNDER INVESTIGATION.
(III) ANY USE OF COVERED AI BY THE LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY IN A CRIMI-
NAL INVESTIGATION SUBSEQUENT TO ARREST SHALL BE DISCLOSED TO THE PROSE-
CUTING ATTORNEY'S OFFICE AND THE INDIVIDUAL UNDER INVESTIGATION AS SOON
AS PRACTICABLE BUT NO LATER THAN TWENTY CALENDAR DAYS FOLLOWING SUCH USE
BY THE LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY.
(IV) DISCLOSURE OF THE USE OF COVERED AI IN A POLICE REPORT SHALL
INCLUDE, AT MINIMUM:
(A) THE NAME OF THE COVERED AI; AND
(B) A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE COVERED AI'S ROLE IN THE INVESTIGATION,
INCLUDING WHETHER IT WAS USED TO GENERATE AN INVESTIGATIVE LEAD, OR
IDENTIFY OR AID IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF A SUSPECT, WITNESS, OR VICTIM.
(B) (I) A POLICE REPORT OR OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT RECORD GENERATED
DURING A CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION THAT WAS CREATED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY
USING GENERATIVE AI SHALL:
(A) INCLUDE A DISCLAIMER THAT THE REPORT OR RECORD CONTAINS CONTENT
GENERATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE;
(B) WHERE TECHNICALLY FEASIBLE, IDENTIFY THE SPECIFIC CONTENT IN THE
REPORT THAT WAS GENERATED BY AI; AND
(C) INCLUDE A CERTIFICATION BY THE AUTHOR OF THE REPORT OR RECORD THAT
THE AUTHOR HAS READ AND REVIEWED THE REPORT OR RECORD FOR ACCURACY.
(II) THE FIRST DRAFT OF ANY REPORT OR RECORD CREATED IN WHOLE OR IN
PART BY USING GENERATIVE AI SHALL BE RETAINED FOR AS LONG AS THE FINAL
REPORT IS RETAINED.
(III) THE PROGRAM USED TO GENERATE A DRAFT OR FINAL REPORT SHALL MAIN-
TAIN AN AUDIT TRAIL THAT, AT MINIMUM, IDENTIFIES:
(A) THE PERSON WHO USED AI TO CREATE OR EDIT A REPORT;
(B) ANY CHANGES MADE TO THE REPORT FOLLOWING THE INITIAL DRAFT; AND
(C) THE VIDEO AND AUDIO FOOTAGE USED TO CREATE A REPORT, IF ANY.
A. 9253 3
4. (A) WITHIN NINETY DAYS OF THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS SECTION, THE
ATTORNEY GENERAL SHALL CREATE AND PUBLICLY POST ON ITS WEBSITE A MODEL
POLICY FOR THE USE OF COVERED AI BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES THAT MEETS
OR EXCEEDS THE REQUIREMENTS DESCRIBED IN PARAGRAPH (B) OF THIS SUBDIVI-
SION. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL SHALL REVIEW THE POLICY ON AN ANNUAL BASIS
AND UPDATE AS NECESSARY TO REFLECT MATERIAL CHANGES TO COVERED AI TECH-
NOLOGIES OR LAW ENFORCEMENT USE.
(B) THE MODEL POLICY SHALL, AT MINIMUM:
(I) INCLUDE COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS DESCRIBED IN SUBDIVISIONS
TWO AND THREE OF THIS SECTION;
(II) DESCRIBE THE AUTHORIZED USES FOR COVERED AI AND BAN ANY USE THAT
IS NOT EXPLICITLY AUTHORIZED; AND
(III) INCLUDE AN ACKNOWLEDGMENT THAT A VIOLATION OF THE POLICY
DESCRIBED IN THIS SECTION MAY RESULT IN ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINARY
ACTION.
(C) NO LATER THAN NINETY DAYS AFTER THE ISSUANCE OF THE MODEL POLICY
DESCRIBED IN THIS SUBDIVISION EACH LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY SHALL ADOPT
THE MODEL POLICY OR A POLICY THAT MEETS OR EXCEEDS THE REQUIREMENTS IN
THE MODEL POLICY. A POLICY ADOPTED BY A LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY UNDER
THIS PARAGRAPH SHALL BE SUBMITTED TO THE ATTORNEY GENERAL AND BE POSTED
CONSPICUOUSLY ON THE ATTORNEY GENERAL'S WEBSITE IN A TEXT-SEARCHABLE
FORMAT AND ACCESSIBLE AT NO COST.
5. (A) THE ATTORNEY GENERAL MAY INVESTIGATE, AND IF WARRANTED, BRING A
CIVIL ACTION AGAINST ANY AGENCY OR POLITICAL SUBDIVISION TO OBTAIN EQUI-
TABLE OR DECLARATORY RELIEF TO ENFORCE THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION.
(B) ANY PERSON WHO RESIDES WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF A POLITICAL
SUBDIVISION OR LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY THAT IS SUBJECT TO THE REQUIRE-
MENTS OF THIS SECTION MAY BRING A CIVIL ACTION AGAINST THE POLITICAL
SUBDIVISION OR ITS LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY TO OBTAIN EQUITABLE OR DECLAR-
ATORY RELIEF TO ENFORCE THE PROVISIONS OF SUBDIVISION TWO OF THIS
SECTION AND PARAGRAPH (C) OF SUBDIVISION FOUR OF THIS SECTION. A
PREVAILING PLAINTIFF SHALL BE ENTITLED TO REASONABLE ATTORNEY'S FEES AND
COSTS.
(C) NO ACTION MAY BE COMMENCED AGAINST A LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY OR
POLITICAL SUBDIVISION UNDER THIS SECTION UNLESS THE PLAINTIFF HAS
PROVIDED WRITTEN NOTICE OF THE ALLEGED VIOLATION TO THE AGENCY OR POLI-
TICAL SUBDIVISION AT LEAST NINETY DAYS PRIOR TO FILING SUIT, IN A MANNER
THAT IS REASONABLY CALCULATED TO ENABLE THE ENTITY TO CURE THE ALLEGED
VIOLATION.
§ 2. This act shall take effect immediately.