S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________
9551
I N A S S E M B L Y
January 14, 2026
___________
Introduced by M. of A. PAULIN -- read once and referred to the Committee
on Judiciary
AN ACT to amend the family court act, the criminal procedure law, the
judiciary law, the general obligations law and the domestic relations
law, in relation to coercive control
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. The opening paragraph of subdivision 1 of section 812 of
the family court act, as amended by chapter 541 of the laws of 2024, is
amended to read as follows:
The family court and the criminal courts shall have concurrent juris-
diction over any proceeding concerning acts which would constitute COER-
CIVE CONTROL AS DEFINED BY SECTION EIGHT HUNDRED NINETEEN OF THIS ACT,
disorderly conduct, unlawful dissemination or publication of an intimate
image, harassment in the first degree, harassment in the second degree,
aggravated harassment in the second degree, sexual misconduct, forcible
touching, sexual abuse in the third degree, sexual abuse in the second
degree as set forth in subdivision one of section 130.60 of the penal
law, stalking in the first degree, stalking in the second degree, stalk-
ing in the third degree, stalking in the fourth degree, criminal
mischief, menacing in the second degree, menacing in the third degree,
reckless endangerment, criminal obstruction of breathing or blood circu-
lation, strangulation in the second degree, strangulation in the first
degree, assault in the second degree, assault in the third degree, an
attempted assault, identity theft in the first degree, identity theft in
the second degree, identity theft in the third degree, grand larceny in
the fourth degree, grand larceny in the third degree, coercion in the
second degree or coercion in the third degree as set forth in subdivi-
sions one, two and three of section 135.60 of the penal law between
spouses or former spouses, or between parent and child or between
members of the same family or household except that if the respondent
would not be criminally responsible by reason of age pursuant to section
30.00 of the penal law, then the family court shall have exclusive
jurisdiction over such proceeding. Notwithstanding a complainant's
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD13778-03-5
A. 9551 2
election to proceed in family court, the criminal court shall not be
divested of jurisdiction to hear a family offense proceeding pursuant to
this section. In any proceeding pursuant to this article, a court shall
not deny an order of protection, or dismiss a petition, solely on the
basis that the acts or events alleged are not relatively contemporaneous
with the date of the petition, the conclusion of the fact-finding or the
conclusion of the dispositional hearing. For purposes of this article,
"disorderly conduct" includes disorderly conduct not in a public place.
For purposes of this article, "members of the same family or household"
shall mean the following:
§ 2. The opening paragraph of subdivision 1 of section 530.11 of the
criminal procedure law, as amended by chapter 541 of the laws of 2024,
is amended to read as follows:
The family court and the criminal courts shall have concurrent juris-
diction over any proceeding concerning acts which would constitute COER-
CIVE CONTROL AS DEFINED BY SECTION EIGHT HUNDRED NINETEEN OF THE FAMILY
COURT ACT, disorderly conduct, unlawful dissemination or publication of
an intimate image, harassment in the first degree, harassment in the
second degree, aggravated harassment in the second degree, sexual
misconduct, forcible touching, sexual abuse in the third degree, sexual
abuse in the second degree as set forth in subdivision one of section
130.60 of the penal law, stalking in the first degree, stalking in the
second degree, stalking in the third degree, stalking in the fourth
degree, criminal mischief, menacing in the second degree, menacing in
the third degree, reckless endangerment, strangulation in the first
degree, strangulation in the second degree, criminal obstruction of
breathing or blood circulation, assault in the second degree, assault in
the third degree, an attempted assault, identity theft in the first
degree, identity theft in the second degree, identity theft in the third
degree, grand larceny in the fourth degree, grand larceny in the third
degree, coercion in the second degree or coercion in the third degree as
set forth in subdivisions one, two and three of section 135.60 of the
penal law between spouses or former spouses, or between parent and child
or between members of the same family or household except that if the
respondent would not be criminally responsible by reason of age pursuant
to section 30.00 of the penal law, then the family court shall have
exclusive jurisdiction over such proceeding. Notwithstanding a
complainant's election to proceed in family court, the criminal court
shall not be divested of jurisdiction to hear a family offense proceed-
ing pursuant to this section. For purposes of this section, "disorderly
conduct" includes disorderly conduct not in a public place. For
purposes of this section, "members of the same family or household" with
respect to a proceeding in the criminal courts shall mean the following:
§ 3. Section 154-c of the family court act is amended by adding a new
subdivision 4 to read as follows:
4. COERCIVE CONTROL. THE COURT MAY ISSUE AN ORDER OF PROTECTION UPON A
FINDING OF COERCIVE CONTROL, AS DEFINED BY SECTION EIGHT HUNDRED NINE-
TEEN OF THIS ACT, BASED ON A PREPONDERANCE OF THE EVIDENCE. THE COURT
SHALL UPDATE ANY FORMS USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF REQUESTING AN ORDER OF
PROTECTION TO INCLUDE COERCIVE CONTROL AS A BASIS FOR AN ORDER OF
PROTECTION. CONTINUED COERCIVE CONTROL ENGAGED IN AFTER THE ISSUANCE OF
AN ORDER OF PROTECTION MAY SERVE AS EVIDENCE SUPPORTING A FINDING OF
CONTEMPT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PENAL LAW.
§ 4. The judiciary law is amended by adding a new section 39-c to read
as follows:
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§ 39-C. COERCIVE CONTROL TRAINING. 1. FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS
SECTION, "COERCIVE CONTROL" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEANING AS SUCH TERM IS
DEFINED BY SECTION EIGHT HUNDRED NINETEEN OF THE FAMILY COURT ACT.
2. (A) THE OFFICE OF COURT ADMINISTRATION, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE
OFFICE FOR THE PREVENTION OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, SHALL DEVELOP AND ADMIN-
ISTER MANDATORY TRAINING FOR JUDGES AND COURT CLERKS ON COERCIVE
CONTROL.
(B) SUCH TRAINING SHALL COVER:
(I) THE STATUTORY DEFINITION OF COERCIVE CONTROL;
(II) PATTERNS OF CONDUCT;
(III) EVIDENTIARY CONSIDERATIONS;
(IV) APPLICATION IN ORDER OF PROTECTION PROCEEDINGS;
(V) SURVIVOR SAFETY; AND
(VI) THE IMPACT ON CHILDREN AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CUSTODY AND VISITA-
TION.
(C) JUDGES AND RELEVANT COURT PERSONNEL SHALL BE REQUIRED TO PARTIC-
IPATE IN REFRESHER TRAINING AT LEAST ONCE EVERY FIVE YEARS.
(D) THE OFFICE OF COURT ADMINISTRATION SHALL BE AUTHORIZED TO PREPARE
BENCH CARDS, GUIDANCE, AND FORMS TO SUPPORT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUCH
TRAINING.
§ 5. The domestic relations law is amended by adding a new section 256
to read as follows:
§ 256. COERCIVE CONTROL. 1. FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, "COER-
CIVE CONTROL" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEANING AS SUCH TERM IS DEFINED BY
SECTION EIGHT HUNDRED NINETEEN OF THE FAMILY COURT ACT.
2. THE COURT MAY ISSUE AN ORDER OF PROTECTION UPON A FINDING OF COER-
CIVE CONTROL, BASED ON A PREPONDERANCE OF THE EVIDENCE. THE COURT SHALL
UPDATE ANY FORMS USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF REQUESTING AN ORDER OF
PROTECTION TO INCLUDE COERCIVE CONTROL AS A BASIS FOR AN ORDER OF
PROTECTION.
3. THE ORDER OF PROTECTION MAY PROTECT THE PETITIONER AND ANY MINOR
CHILD OF THE MARRIAGE OR A MINOR CHILD RESIDING IN SUCH PETITIONER'S
HOUSEHOLD.
§ 6. Section 1.20 of the criminal procedure law is amended by adding a
new subdivision 46 to read as follows:
46. "COERCIVE CONTROL" MEANS COERCIVE CONTROL DEFINED BY SECTION EIGHT
HUNDRED NINETEEN OF THE FAMILY COURT ACT.
§ 7. The family court act is amended by adding a new section 819 to
read as follows:
§ 819. COERCIVE CONTROL. 1. AS USED IN THIS CHAPTER, THE TERM "COER-
CIVE CONTROL" SHALL MEAN A PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR USED TO DOMINATE, INTIM-
IDATE, OR SUBORDINATE ANOTHER PERSON THAT, IN PURPOSE OR EFFECT, UNREA-
SONABLY AND CAPRICIOUSLY INTERFERES WITH THAT PERSON'S FREE WILL,
PERSONAL LIBERTY, OR AUTONOMY. COERCIVE CONTROL SHALL INCLUDE, BUT
SHALL NOT BE LIMITED TO:
(A) ISOLATING THE PERSON FROM FRIENDS, RELATIVES, OR OTHER SOURCES OF
SUPPORT;
(B) CONTROLLING, MONITORING, OR RESTRICTING MOVEMENTS, COMMUNICATIONS,
OR ACCESS TO SERVICES;
(C) REGULATING OR MONITORING ECONOMIC RESOURCES, CONTROLLING ACCESS TO
MONEY, EMPLOYMENT, OR CREDIT;
(D) RESTRICTING OR INTERFERING WITH ACCESS TO HOUSING, TRANSPORTATION,
HEALTH CARE, OR EMPLOYMENT;
(E) THREATENING, INTIMIDATING, OR HARASSING CONDUCT DESIGNED TO
INSTILL FEAR OR COMPLIANCE;
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(F) MONITORING, CONTROLLING, OR MISUSING DIGITAL DEVICES, ACCOUNTS, OR
ONLINE ACTIVITY;
(G) MISUSING LEGAL OR ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESSES TO HARASS OR INTIM-
IDATE; AND
(H) REPEATED VERBAL DEGRADATION, HUMILIATION, OR INTIMIDATION.
2. COERCIVE CONTROL SHALL NOT INCLUDE REASONABLE ACTIONS TAKEN TO
PROTECT A PERSON'S SAFETY, WELFARE, OR CARE, OR THE REASONABLE EXERCISE
OF LAWFUL AUTHORITY.
§ 8. The opening paragraph of paragraph (a) of subdivision 1 of
section 240 of the domestic relations law, as amended by chapter 567 of
the laws of 2015, is amended to read as follows:
In any action or proceeding brought (1) to annul a marriage or to
declare the nullity of a void marriage, or (2) for a separation, or (3)
for a divorce, or (4) to obtain, by a writ of habeas corpus or by peti-
tion and order to show cause, the custody of or right to visitation with
any child of a marriage, the court shall require verification of the
status of any child of the marriage with respect to such child's custody
and support, including any prior orders, and shall enter orders for
custody and support as, in the court's discretion, justice requires,
having regard to the circumstances of the case and of the respective
parties and to the best interests of the child and subject to the
provisions of subdivision one-c of this section. Where either party to
an action concerning custody of or a right to visitation with a child
alleges in a sworn petition or complaint or sworn answer, cross-peti-
tion, counterclaim or other sworn responsive pleading that the other
party has committed an act of domestic violence OR COERCIVE CONTROL, AS
DEFINED BY SECTION EIGHT HUNDRED NINETEEN OF THE FAMILY COURT ACT,
against the party making the allegation or a family or household member
of either party, as such family or household member is defined in arti-
cle eight of the family court act, and such allegations are proven by a
preponderance of the evidence, the court must consider the effect of
such domestic violence OR COERCIVE CONTROL upon the best interests of
the child, together with such other facts and circumstances as the court
deems relevant in making a direction pursuant to this section and state
on the record how such findings, facts and circumstances factored into
the direction. If a parent makes a good faith allegation based on a
reasonable belief supported by facts that the child is the victim of
child abuse, child neglect, or the effects of domestic violence, and if
that parent acts lawfully and in good faith in response to that reason-
able belief to protect the child or seek treatment for the child, then
that parent shall not be deprived of custody, visitation or contact with
the child, or restricted in custody, visitation or contact, based solely
on that belief or the reasonable actions taken based on that belief. If
an allegation that a child is abused is supported by a preponderance of
the evidence, then the court shall consider such evidence of abuse in
determining the visitation arrangement that is in the best interest of
the child, and the court shall not place a child in the custody of a
parent who presents a substantial risk of harm to that child, and shall
state on the record how such findings were factored into the determi-
nation. Where a proceeding filed pursuant to article ten or ten-A of the
family court act is pending at the same time as a proceeding brought in
the supreme court involving the custody of, or right to visitation with,
any child of a marriage, the court presiding over the proceeding under
article ten or ten-A of the family court act may jointly hear the dispo-
sitional hearing on the petition under article ten or the permanency
hearing under article ten-A of the family court act and, upon referral
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from the supreme court, the hearing to resolve the matter of custody or
visitation in the proceeding pending in the supreme court; provided
however, the court must determine custody or visitation in accordance
with the terms of this section.
§ 9. The general obligations law is amended by adding a new article 4
to read as follows:
ARTICLE 4
RIGHT OF ACTION FOR COERCIVE CONTROL
SECTION 4-101. DEFINITIONS.
4-102. RIGHT OF ACTION FOR COERCIVE CONTROL.
§ 4-101. DEFINITIONS. AS USED IN THIS ARTICLE, THE TERM "COERCIVE
CONTROL" SHALL HAVE THE SAME MEANING AS SUCH TERM IS DEFINED BY SECTION
EIGHT HUNDRED NINETEEN OF THE FAMILY COURT ACT.
§ 4-102. RIGHT OF ACTION FOR COERCIVE CONTROL. 1. IN ADDITION TO ANY
OTHER REMEDY PROVIDED BY LAW, ANY PERSON SUBJECTED TO COERCIVE CONTROL
SHALL HAVE A CAUSE OF ACTION AGAINST THE PERSON WHO ENGAGED IN SUCH
CONDUCT. AN ACTION OR PROCEEDING UNDER THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE COMMENCED
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE COUNTY IN WHICH THE ACT OR ACTS ALLEGEDLY
OCCURRED OR IN WHICH ANY PARTY RESIDES.
2. A PLAINTIFF MAY RECOVER DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO:
(A) COMPENSATORY DAMAGES FOR ECONOMIC LOSS AND OUT-OF-POCKET COSTS;
(B) DAMAGES FOR EMOTIONAL DISTRESS;
(C) PUNITIVE DAMAGES WHERE APPROPRIATE; AND
(D) REASONABLE ATTORNEY'S FEES AND COSTS.
3. NO ACTION SHALL LIE UNDER THIS SECTION BASED SOLELY ON CONDUCT
THAT CONSTITUTES THE REASONABLE EXERCISE OF PARENTAL AUTHORITY OR SUPER-
VISION.
4. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED BY THIS SECTION ARE IN ADDITION TO, AND
SHALL NOT PRECLUDE, ANY OTHER REMEDIES OR CAUSES OF ACTION AVAILABLE
UNDER LAW, INCLUDING ORDERS OF PROTECTION.
5. AN ACTION UNDER THIS SECTION SHALL BE COMMENCED WITHIN SIX YEARS
FROM THE LAST ACT OF COERCIVE CONTROL FORMING THE BASIS OF THE ACTION.
6. IN ANY ACTION BROUGHT PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, THE COURT MAY ORDER
SUCH EQUITABLE RELIEF AS IT DEEMS JUST AND PROPER, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO INJUNCTIONS, DECLARATORY RELIEF, AND ORDERS RESTRAINING THE
DEFENDANT FROM CONTINUING COERCIVE CONTROL.
7. THE PROTECTIONS OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT BE WAIVED BY ANY AGREE-
MENT, CONTRACT, OR OTHER PRIVATE ARRANGEMENT, AND ANY PURPORTED WAIVER
SHALL BE VOID AS AGAINST PUBLIC POLICY.
§ 10. This act shall take effect on the one hundred eightieth day
after it shall have become a law. Effective immediately the addition,
amendment and/or repeal of any rule or regulation necessary for the
implementation of this act on its effective date are authorized to be
made and completed on or before such date.