S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
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9629--B
I N A S S E M B L Y
January 21, 2026
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Introduced by M. of A. CLARK -- read once and referred to the Committee
on Judiciary -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted
as amended and recommitted to said committee -- again reported from
said committee with amendments, ordered reprinted as amended and
recommitted to said committee
AN ACT to amend the real property law, in relation to enacting the
"right to home inspection act"
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Short title. This act shall be known and may be cited as
the "right to home inspection act".
§ 2. The article heading of article 14 of the real property law, as
added by chapter 456 of the laws of 2001, is amended to read as follows:
PROPERTY CONDITION DISCLOSURE AND RIGHT TO INSPECTION
IN THE SALE OF RESIDENTIAL REAL
PROPERTY
§ 3. Section 461 of the real property law is amended by adding nine
new subdivisions 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 to read as follows:
7. "INSPECTION" MEANS THE PROCESS BY WHICH A HOME INSPECTOR OBSERVES
AND PROVIDES, PURSUANT TO THE TRANSFER OF TITLE OF RESIDENTIAL REAL
PROPERTY, CONDOMINIUM UNITS, OR COOPERATIVE APARTMENTS, A WRITTEN EVALU-
ATION OF READILY ACCESSIBLE COMPONENTS OF THE RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, HEATING, COOLING, PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS, STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS, FOUNDATION, ROOF, MASONRY STRUCTURE,
EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR COMPONENTS AND ANY OTHER RELATED RESIDENTIAL HOUS-
ING COMPONENTS AND, FOR THE PURPOSES OF CONDOMINIUM UNITS AND COOPER-
ATIVE APARTMENTS, AND, SOLELY TO THE EXTENT READILY ACCESSIBLE FROM AND
RELEVANT TO THE UNIT AND CUSTOMARILY OBSERVED IN THE COURSE OF SUCH
INSPECTION, ANY ASSOCIATED COMMON AREAS.
8. "INSPECTION PERIOD" MEANS THE PERIOD UNDER WHICH A PROSPECTIVE
BUYER OF RESIDENTIAL REAL PROPERTY HAS THE RIGHT TO HAVE SUCH PROPERTY
INSPECTED BY A LICENSED HOME INSPECTOR UNDER SUBDIVISION ONE OF SECTION
FOUR HUNDRED SIXTY-SEVEN OF THIS ARTICLE, BEGINNING THE DAY AFTER THE
BUYER RECEIVES A FULLY SIGNED PURCHASE AGREEMENT.
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD13522-08-6
A. 9629--B 2
9. "BUYER" MEANS A PERSON OR ENTITY, EXCLUDING RELATIVES OF A SELLER,
WHO MAKES A PURCHASE OFFER TO A SELLER OF A HOME, OR WHO HAS ENTERED
INTO A PURCHASE AGREEMENT FOR A HOME WITH A SELLER.
10. "HOME" MEANS A RESIDENTIAL REAL PROPERTY CONTAINING NOT MORE THAN
FOUR SEPARATE UNITS.
11. "PURCHASE AGREEMENT" MEANS A BINDING REAL ESTATE PURCHASE CONTRACT
FOR A HOME THAT WOULD, UPON ACCEPTANCE AND SIGNING BY BOTH BUYER AND
SELLER, AND SUBJECT TO SATISFACTION OF ANY CONTINGENCIES, REQUIRE THE
BUYER TO ACCEPT A TRANSFER OF TITLE.
12. "PURCHASE OFFER" MEANS ANY VERBAL OR WRITTEN PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO
A SELLER OR SELLER'S AGENT BY A PROSPECTIVE BUYER OR BUYER'S AGENT FOR
PURCHASE OF A HOME.
13. "RELATIVE" MEANS THE SPOUSE, SIBLING, CHILD, PARENT, GRANDPARENT,
GRANDCHILD, GREAT-GRANDCHILD, OR GREAT-GRANDPARENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL.
14. "SELLER" MEANS ANY PERSON OR ENTITY WHO IS THE LEGAL OWNER OF A
HOME (OR, ONE OF THOSE LEGALLY AUTHORIZED TO CONVEY THE INTEREST IN A
HOME WHEN IT IS HELD IN AN ESTATE OR TRUST) TO WHOM A PURCHASE OFFER FOR
A HOME IS MADE BY A BUYER AND/OR WHO HAS ENTERED INTO A PURCHASE AGREE-
MENT FOR SALE OF THE HOME WITH A BUYER.
15. "ANCILLARY INSPECTION OR TEST" MEANS ANY ADDITIONAL EVALUATION A
BUYER MAY CHOOSE TO OBTAIN, SUCH AS WATER QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING
OR PEST EVALUATION.
§ 4. The real property law is amended by adding a new section 467 to
read as follows:
§ 467. RIGHT TO INSPECTION. 1. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY LAW TO THE CONTRA-
RY, EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN THIS SECTION, A BUYER OF A HOME
SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT TO HAVE SUCH HOME INSPECTED BY A HOME INSPECTOR
LICENSED UNDER ARTICLE TWELVE-B OF THIS CHAPTER OF THEIR CHOICE, WITHIN
TEN BUSINESS DAYS, NOT TO EXCEED FOURTEEN CALENDAR DAYS, BEGINNING ON
THE DAY AFTER THE BUYER'S RECEIPT OF A PURCHASE AGREEMENT SIGNED BY BOTH
PARTIES, OR LONGER AS THE SELLER AND BUYER MAY AGREE IN WRITING, OF
RECEIPT BY THE BUYER OF A PURCHASE AGREEMENT FOR SALE OF A SELLER'S
HOME, SIGNED AND DATED IN AGREEMENT BY BOTH THE BUYER AND SELLER. SUCH
RIGHT SHALL NOT BE PRECLUDED BY ANY EVALUATION UNDERTAKEN BY OR ON
BEHALF OF THE BUYER OR OTHERS IN ADVANCE OF A SIGNED PURCHASE AGREEMENT.
2. (A) NO SELLER OF A HOME, OR AGENT THEREOF, SHALL CONDITION THE
ACCEPTANCE OF A PURCHASE OFFER ON THE BUYER'S AGREEMENT TO WAIVE, LIMIT,
RESTRICT OR OTHERWISE FOREGO THE BUYER'S RIGHT TO HAVE SUCH HOME
INSPECTED EXCEPT WHEN THE SALE OF THE HOME IS TO OCCUR AT AN AUCTION.
(B) NO SELLER SHALL ACCEPT AN OFFER TO PURCHASE FROM ANY BUYER OR
AGENT THEREOF WHO, IN ADVANCE OF THE SELLER'S ACCEPTANCE OF THE OFFER,
INFORMS THE SELLER EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY THAT THE BUYER INTENDS
TO WAIVE IN WHOLE OR IN PART THE BUYER'S RIGHT TO INSPECTION; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, THAT THE SELLER MAY ACCEPT SUCH AN OFFER WITHOUT VIOLATING THIS
SECTION IF THE BUYER IS: (I) A RELATIVE OF THE SELLER; OR (II) THE
FORMER SPOUSE OF THE SELLER AND THE SALE OF THE STRUCTURE OR UNIT IS
BEING MADE PURSUANT TO A JUDGMENT OR ORDER.
(C) (I) THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE SHALL DEVELOP A FORM EXPLAINING THE
INSPECTION RIGHT UNDER THIS SECTION. SUCH FORM SHALL BE SIGNED BY BOTH A
BUYER AND SELLER BEFORE OR AT THE FIRST PURCHASE OFFER OR PURCHASE
AGREEMENT, WHICHEVER IS EXECUTED FIRST.
(II) THE LANGUAGE FROM THE FORM DEVELOPED PURSUANT TO SUBPARAGRAPH (I)
OF THIS PARAGRAPH SHALL BE INCLUDED IN ALL BROKERAGE AGREEMENTS, OFFERS
AND CONTRACTS.
3. NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO REQUIRE, MANDATE OR
OTHERWISE COMPEL A BUYER TO OBTAIN AN INSPECTION FOLLOWING THE ACCEPT-
A. 9629--B 3
ANCE BY THE SELLER OF A PURCHASE OFFER. THE BUYER'S RIGHT TO OBTAIN AN
INSPECTION SHALL EXPIRE IF NO INSPECTION OCCURS WITHIN TEN BUSINESS DAYS
OR FOURTEEN CALENDAR DAYS, WHICHEVER IS SHORTER, PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION
ONE OF THIS SECTION, OR LONGER AS AGREED UPON BY THE SELLER AND BUYER IN
WRITING, OF THE SELLER'S ACCEPTANCE OF A BUYER'S PURCHASE OFFER.
4. THE SELLER SHALL PROVIDE REASONABLE ACCESS TO THE HOME FOR
INSPECTION DURING THE INSPECTION PERIOD. IF SELLER-CAUSED DELAY OR
DENIAL OF ACCESS MATERIALLY PREVENTS COMPLETION OF AN INSPECTION DURING
THE INSPECTION PERIOD, THE INSPECTION PERIOD SHALL BE EXTENDED FOR A
REASONABLE TIME TO PERMIT COMPLETION OF THE INSPECTION. AFTER THREE
SELLER-REQUESTED RESCHEDULES, THE BUYER MAY CANCEL THE PURCHASE AGREE-
MENT AND RECOVER ANY DEPOSITS AND DOCUMENTED COSTS.
5. CONSISTENT WITH SECTION FOUR HUNDRED FORTY-FOUR-G OF THIS CHAPTER,
AN INSPECTION REPORT PREPARED FOR A BUYER PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL
BE CONFIDENTIAL TO SUCH BUYER. SUCH BUYER SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED, BY
AGREEMENT OR OTHERWISE, TO DISCLOSE SUCH INSPECTION REPORT TO ANY SELL-
ER, AGENT, BROKER, OR OTHER PERSON AS A CONDITION OF CONTRACT FORMATION,
NEGOTIATION, OR CLOSING, EXCEPT AS REQUIRED BY LAW. NOTHING IN THIS
SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO PROHIBIT SUCH BUYER FROM VOLUNTARILY
DISCLOSING SUCH INSPECTION REPORT OR FROM SHARING SUCH INSPECTION REPORT
WITH ADVISORS, CONTRACTORS, OR OTHER PERSONS OF SUCH BUYER'S CHOOSING.
6. THE BUYER MAY CANCEL THE PURCHASE AGREEMENT AT OR BEFORE FIVE
O'CLOCK P.M. ON THE LAST DAY OF THE INSPECTION PERIOD IF UNSATISFIED
WITH THE INSPECTION RESULTS, AND SHALL BE PROVIDED A FULL REFUND OF
DEPOSITS, ISSUED PROMPTLY TO THE BUYER.
7. ANY SELLER WHO FAILS TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION
SHALL BE LIABLE TO THE BUYER FOR ALL DAMAGES CAUSED BY SUCH FAILURE TO
COMPLY AND SHALL BE SUBJECT TO ASSESSMENT OF A CIVIL PENALTY NOT TO
EXCEED FOUR PERCENT OF THE LAST PUBLICLY LISTED ASKING PRICE OF THE HOME
AT THE TIME OF THE VIOLATION OR TEN THOUSAND DOLLARS, WHICHEVER IS
GREATER. A VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION BY AN AGENT SHALL BE CONSIDERED AN
UNFAIR AND DECEPTIVE ACT OR PRACTICE AS DEFINED IN SECTION THREE HUNDRED
FORTY-NINE OF THE GENERAL BUSINESS LAW. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL MAY TAKE
SUCH ACTION AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO ENFORCE THE PROVISIONS OF THIS
SECTION.
8. THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF
FINANCIAL SERVICES AND THE ATTORNEY GENERAL, SHALL PROMULGATE ANY RULES
AND REGULATIONS NECESSARY TO EFFECTUATE THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION.
§ 5. Subdivision 1 of section 462 of the real property law, as added
by chapter 456 of the laws of 2001, is amended and a new subdivision 2-a
is added to read as follows:
1. Except as is provided in section four hundred sixty-three of this
article, every seller of residential real property pursuant to a real
estate purchase contract shall complete and sign a property condition
disclosure statement as prescribed by subdivision two of this section
AND A RIGHT TO INSPECTION STATEMENT UNDER SUBDIVISION TWO-A OF THIS
SECTION and cause [it] SUCH STATEMENTS, or a copy thereof, to be deliv-
ered to a buyer or buyer's agent prior to the signing by the buyer of a
binding contract of sale. A copy of the property condition disclosure
statement AND THE RIGHT TO INSPECTION STATEMENT containing the signa-
tures of both seller and buyer shall be attached to the real estate
purchase contract. A COPY OF THE RIGHT-TO-INSPECTION ADVISORY STATEMENT
SIGNED BY THE BUYER AND SELLER SHALL ALSO BE ATTACHED TO THE REAL ESTATE
PURCHASE CONTRACT. Nothing contained in this article [or this], THE
disclosure statement OR THE RIGHT TO INSPECTION STATEMENT is intended to
prevent the parties to a contract of sale from entering into agreements
A. 9629--B 4
of any kind or nature with respect to the physical condition of the
property to be sold, including, but not limited to, agreements for the
sale of real property "as is".
2-A. THE FOLLOWING SHALL BE THE RIGHT TO INSPECTION STATEMENT:
"NEW YORK STATE RIGHT TO HOME INSPECTION ADVISORY:
NEW YORK FOLLOWS THE RULE OF CAVEAT EMPTOR, MEANING BUYERS ARE RESPON-
SIBLE FOR EVALUATING THE CONDITION OF A HOME BEFORE PURCHASE. UNDER REAL
PROPERTY LAW SECTION 467, A BUYER HAS THE RIGHT TO HAVE THE HOME
INSPECTED BY A LICENSED HOME INSPECTOR, AT THE BUYER'S EXPENSE, WITHIN
THE INSPECTION PERIOD. BUYERS MAY NOT WAIVE THIS RIGHT IN A PURCHASE
OFFER, AND SELLERS MAY NOT CONDITION ACCEPTANCE OF AN OFFER ON SUCH A
WAIVER. SELLERS AND AGENTS MUST PROVIDE REASONABLE ACCESS FOR INSPECTION
AND MAY NOT OBSTRUCT OR INTERFERE WITH THE INSPECTION PROCESS. A BUYER
MAY CANCEL THE PURCHASE AGREEMENT DURING THE INSPECTION PERIOD IF UNSAT-
ISFIED WITH THE INSPECTION RESULTS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH REAL PROPERTY LAW
SECTION 467."
§ 6. This act shall take effect on the first of January next succeed-
ing the date on which it shall have become a law. Effective immediately,
the addition, amendment and/or repeal of any rule or regulation neces-
sary for the implementation of this act on its effective date are
authorized to be made and completed on or before such effective date.