S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________
1973
2017-2018 Regular Sessions
I N S E N A T E
January 11, 2017
___________
Introduced by Sen. AVELLA -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
printed to be committed to the Committee on Codes
AN ACT to amend the penal law, in relation to personal identifying
information, establishes the crimes of petit theft of service, scheme
to defraud and counterfeit trademarking; and to repeal certain
provisions of the penal law relating thereto
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Subdivisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 of section 155.00 of
the penal law, subdivisions 1 and 8 as amended by chapter 514 of the
laws of 1986, subdivision 9 as added by chapter 530 of the laws of 1975,
are amended and three new subdivisions 7-d, 9 and 10 are added to read
as follows:
1. "Property" means any money, personal property, real property,
computer data, computer program, PERSONAL IDENTIFYING INFORMATION,
SECRET SCIENTIFIC MATERIAL, thing in action, evidence of debt or
contract, or any article, substance or thing of value, including any
gas, steam, water or electricity, which is provided for a charge or
compensation.
2. "Obtain" includes, but is not limited to, the bringing about of a
transfer or purported transfer of property or of a legal interest there-
in, whether to the obtainer or another. WITH REGARD TO PERSONAL IDENTI-
FYING INFORMATION, COMPUTER DATA OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM, OBTAIN INCLUDES
DUPLICATING, RECORDING, COPYING, DOWNLOADING, UPLOADING OR PRINTING OUT
THE INFORMATION, DATA, OR PROGRAM, OR OBTAINING A PHYSICAL OBJECT
CONTAINING SUCH INFORMATION. WITH REGARD TO SERVICE, OBTAIN INCLUDES,
BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, USING OR ACCESSING A SERVICE.
3. "Deprive." To "deprive" another of property means (a) to withhold
it or cause it to be withheld from him OR HER permanently or for so
extended a period or under such circumstances that the major portion of
its economic value or benefit is lost to him OR HER, or (b) to dispose
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD01201-02-7
S. 1973 2
of the property in such manner or under such circumstances as to render
it unlikely that an owner will recover such property. WHEN THE PROPERTY
IS PERSONAL IDENTIFYING INFORMATION, COMPUTER DATA OR A COMPUTER
PROGRAM, TO DEPRIVE ANOTHER OF IT MEANS TO OBTAIN IT OR CAUSE A THIRD
PERSON TO OBTAIN IT UNDER SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES THAT A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION
OF THE ECONOMIC BENEFIT OR VALUE OF HAVING CONTROL OVER IT OR AUTHORITY
OVER ITS USE IS LOST TO AN OWNER. TO DEPRIVE ANOTHER OF SERVICE IS TO
USE OR ACCESS A SERVICE OR CAUSE A THIRD PERSON TO USE OR ACCESS A
SERVICE UNDER SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES THAT SOME OF THE ECONOMIC BENEFIT OR
VALUE OF HAVING CONTROL OR AUTHORITY OVER PROVIDING THE SERVICE IS LOST
TO AN OWNER.
4. "Appropriate." To "appropriate" property of another to oneself or a
third person means (a) to exercise control over it, or to aid a third
person to exercise control over it, permanently or for so extended a
period or under such circumstances as to acquire the major portion of
its economic value or benefit, or (b) to dispose of the property for the
benefit of oneself or a third person. WHEN THE PROPERTY IS PERSONAL
IDENTIFYING INFORMATION, COMPUTER DATA OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM OF ANOTHER,
TO APPROPRIATE IT TO ONESELF OR A THIRD PERSON MEANS TO OBTAIN IT UNDER
SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES AS TO ACQUIRE THE ABILITY TO USE IT OR DISPOSE OF IT
TO THE ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF ONESELF OR A THIRD PERSON OR TO THE ECONOMIC
DETRIMENT OR DAMAGE OF AN OWNER. TO APPROPRIATE A SERVICE PROVIDED BY
ANOTHER TO ONESELF OR A THIRD PERSON MEANS TO USE OR ACCESS THE SERVICE
UNDER SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES AS TO ACQUIRE THE ABILITY TO USE IT TO THE
ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF ONESELF OR A THIRD PERSON OR TO THE ECONOMIC DETRI-
MENT OR DAMAGE OF AN OWNER.
5. "Owner." When property is taken, obtained or withheld by one person
from another person, an "owner" thereof means any person who has a right
to possession [thereof] OF THE PROPERTY OR A RIGHT TO PROVIDE THE
SERVICE superior to that of the taker, obtainer or withholder.
A person who has obtained possession of property OR SERVICE by theft
or other illegal means shall be deemed to have a right of possession OF
THE PROPERTY OR A RIGHT TO PROVIDE THE SERVICE superior to that of a
person who takes, obtains or withholds it from him by larcenous means.
A joint or common owner of property OR SERVICE shall not be deemed to
have a right of possession OF PROPERTY OR A RIGHT TO PROVIDE SERVICE
thereto superior to that of any other joint or common owner thereof. In
the absence of a specific agreement to the contrary, a person in lawful
possession of property shall be deemed to have a right of possession
superior to that of a person having only a security interest therein,
even if legal title lies with the holder of the security interest pursu-
ant to a conditional sale contract or other security agreement.
7-D. "PERSONAL IDENTIFYING INFORMATION" MEANS A PERSON'S DATE OF
BIRTH, DRIVER'S LICENSE NUMBER, SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER, PERSONAL IDEN-
TIFICATION NUMBER, FINANCIAL SERVICES ACCOUNT NUMBER OR CODE, SAVINGS
ACCOUNT NUMBER OR CODE, CHECKING ACCOUNT NUMBER OR CODE, BROKERAGE
ACCOUNT NUMBER OR CODE, CREDIT CARD ACCOUNT NUMBER OR CODE, DEBIT CARD
NUMBER OR CODE, AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE NUMBER OR CODE, TAXPAYER IDEN-
TIFICATION NUMBER, COMPUTER SYSTEM PASSWORD, SIGNATURE OR COPY OF A
SIGNATURE, ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE, UNIQUE BIOMETRIC DATA THAT IS A FINGER-
PRINT, VOICE PRINT, RETINAL IMAGE OR IRIS IMAGE OF ANOTHER PERSON, TELE-
PHONE CALLING CARD NUMBER, MOBILE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OR CODE, ELEC-
TRONIC SERIAL NUMBER OR PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, OR ANY OTHER
NAME, NUMBER, CODE OR INFORMATION THAT MAY BE USED ALONE OR IN CONJUNC-
TION WITH OTHER SUCH INFORMATION TO ASSUME THE IDENTITY OF ANOTHER
PERSON OR ACCESS FINANCIAL RESOURCES OR CREDIT OF ANOTHER PERSON, OR ANY
S. 1973 3
PHYSICAL OBJECT CONTAINING SUCH INFORMATION, SUCH AS A PRINTOUT OR OTHER
WRITTEN MATERIAL, DRIVER'S LICENSE OR OTHER IDENTITY CARD, CREDIT CARD,
DEBIT CARD, PUBLIC BENEFIT CARD, AUTOMATED TELLER OR OTHER TRANSACTIONAL
CARD, OR COMPUTER, HARD DRIVE, OR OTHER DATA STORAGE DEVICE. IN THIS
SUBDIVISION, "PERSON" HAS ALL THE MEANINGS SET FORTH IN SUBDIVISION
SEVEN OF SECTION 10.00 OF THIS CHAPTER; "ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE" HAS THE
MEANING PROVIDED IN SUBDIVISION THREE OF SECTION THREE HUNDRED TWO OF
THE STATE TECHNOLOGY LAW; "CREDIT CARD" AND "DEBIT CARD" HAVE THE MEAN-
INGS PROVIDED IN SECTION FIVE HUNDRED ELEVEN OF THE GENERAL BUSINESS
LAW; "PUBLIC BENEFIT CARD" MEANS ANY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE CARD, FOOD STAMP
ASSISTANCE CARD, PUBLIC ASSISTANCE CARD, OR ANY OTHER IDENTIFICATION,
AUTHORIZATION CARD OR ELECTRONIC ACCESS DEVICE ISSUED BY THE STATE OR A
SOCIAL SERVICES DISTRICT AS DEFINED IN SUBDIVISION SEVEN OF SECTION TWO
OF THE SOCIAL SERVICES LAW WHICH ENTITLES A PERSON TO OBTAIN PUBLIC
ASSISTANCE BENEFITS UNDER A LOCAL, STATE OR FEDERAL PROGRAM ADMINISTERED
BY THE STATE, ITS POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS OR SOCIAL SERVICES DISTRICTS.
8. "Service" includes, but is not limited to, [labor, professional
service,] a computer service, transportation service, TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SERVICE, CABLE OR SATELLITE TELEVISION SERVICE, MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION
SERVICE, THE SUPPLYING OF SERVICE PURSUANT TO A PUBLIC OR GOVERNMENTAL
BENEFIT PROGRAM, INCLUDING HOUSING AND MEDICAL CARE, THE SUPPLYING OF
SERVICE PURSUANT TO AN INSURANCE POLICY OR PROGRAM, the supplying of
hotel accommodations, restaurant services, entertainment, the supplying
of equipment for use, and the supplying of commodities of a public util-
ity nature such as gas, electricity, steam and water. A ticket or equiv-
alent instrument which evidences a right to receive a service is not in
itself service but constitutes property within the meaning of subdivi-
sion one.
[9. "Cable television service" means any and all services provided by
or through the facilities of any cable television system or closed
circuit coaxial cable communications system, or any microwave or similar
transmission service used in connection with any cable television system
or other similar closed circuit coaxial cable communications system.]
9. "COMPUTER PROGRAM" MEANS AN ORDERED SET OF DATA REPRESENTING CODED
INSTRUCTIONS OR STATEMENTS THAT WHEN EXECUTED BY THE COMPUTER, CAUSE THE
COMPUTER TO PROCESS DATA OR DIRECT THE COMPUTER TO PERFORM ONE OR MORE
COMPUTER OPERATIONS OR BOTH AND MAY BE IN ANY FORM, INCLUDING MAGNETIC
STORAGE MEDIA, OPTICAL MEDIA, COMPUTING DEVICES, PUNCHED CARDS, OR
STORED INTERNALLY IN THE MEMORY OF THE COMPUTER.
10. "COMPUTER DATA" MEANS A REPRESENTATION OF INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE,
FACTS, CONCEPTS OR INSTRUCTIONS WHICH ARE BEING PROCESSED, OR HAVE BEEN
PROCESSED IN A COMPUTER AND MAY BE IN ANY FORM INCLUDING MAGNETIC STOR-
AGE MEDIA, PUNCHED CARDS, OR STORED INTERNALLY IN THE MEMORY OF THE
COMPUTER.
§ 2. Paragraph (c) of subdivision 2 of section 155.05 of the penal law
is amended and a new paragraph (f) is added to read as follows:
(c) By committing the crime of issuing a bad check, as defined in
section 190.05, OR BY OBTAINING PROPERTY OR SERVICE BY USING OR PRESENT-
ING A FORM OF PAYMENT OR PERSONAL IDENTIFYING INFORMATION THE ACTOR
KNOWS HE OR SHE IS NOT AUTHORIZED TO USE OR KNOWS IS EXPIRED OR FORGED
OR OTHERWISE NOT VALID;
(F) BY THEFT OF SERVICE. THEFT OF SERVICE MEANS EITHER: (I) USING OR
ACCESSING A SERVICE IN A MANNER THAT OTHERWISE REQUIRES PAYMENT AND
INTENTIONALLY FAILING TO PAY FOR SUCH USE OR ACCESS BY EITHER TAMPERING
WITHOUT AUTHORITY WITH A DELIVERY, PAYMENT, OR MEASUREMENT DEVICE OR
MECHANISM, OR BY ENTERING OR LEAVING PREMISES WHERE THE SERVICE IS
S. 1973 4
PROVIDED BY STEALTH OR BY EVADING A PHYSICAL BARRIER, OR (II) USING OR
ACCESSING A SERVICE IN A MANNER THAT OTHERWISE REQUIRES PAYMENT OR THE
PRESENTATION OF PERSONAL IDENTIFYING INFORMATION AND USING OR PRESENTING
A FORM OF PAYMENT OR PERSONAL IDENTIFYING INFORMATION THE ACTOR KNOWS HE
OR SHE IS NOT AUTHORIZED TO USE OR KNOWS IS EXPIRED OR FORGED OR OTHER-
WISE NOT VALID.
§ 3. Subdivision 1 of section 155.20 of the penal law is amended and a
new subdivision 2-a is added to read as follows:
1. Except as otherwise specified in this section, value means the
market value of the property at the time and place of the crime, or if
such cannot be satisfactorily ascertained[,]: (I) WITH REGARD TO PROPER-
TY, the cost of replacement of the property within a reasonable time
after the crime; OR (II) WITH REGARD TO SERVICE, THE COST OF PROVIDING
THE SERVICE AT THE TIME OF THE CRIME.
2-A. THE VALUE OF COMPUTER DATA OR COMPUTER PROGRAM VALUE IS THE
REPLACEMENT COST OR THE MARKET VALUE AT THE TIME AND PLACE OF THE CRIME,
WHICHEVER IS GREATER.
§ 4. The penal law is amended by adding a new section 155.23 to read
as follows:
§ 155.23 PETIT THEFT OF SERVICE.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF PETIT THEFT OF SERVICE WHEN HE OR SHE STEALS A
SERVICE.
PETIT THEFT OF SERVICE IS A CLASS B MISDEMEANOR.
§ 5. Section 155.25 of the penal law is amended to read as follows:
§ 155.25 Petit larceny.
A person is guilty of petit larceny when he OR SHE steals property, OR
STEALS A SERVICE AND THE VALUE OF THE SERVICE EXCEEDS FIVE HUNDRED
DOLLARS.
Petit larceny is a class A misdemeanor.
§ 6. The opening paragraph and subdivisions 1, 4 and 6 of section
155.30 of the penal law, the opening paragraph and subdivisions 1 and 6
as amended by chapter 515 of the laws of 1986, subdivision 4 as amended
by chapter 556 of the laws of 1987, are amended to read as follows:
A person is guilty of grand larceny in the fourth degree when he OR
SHE steals property OR A SERVICE and when:
1. The value of the property OR SERVICE exceeds one thousand dollars;
or
4. The property consists of a credit card or debit card OR PERSONAL
IDENTIFYING INFORMATION; or
6. The property OR SERVICE, regardless of its nature and value, is
obtained by extortion; or
§ 7. Section 155.35 of the penal law, as amended by chapter 464 of the
laws of 2010, is amended to read as follows:
§ 155.35 Grand larceny in the third degree.
A person is guilty of grand larceny in the third degree when he or she
steals property OR A SERVICE and:
1. when the value of the property OR SERVICE exceeds three thousand
dollars, or
2. the property is an automated teller machine or the contents of an
automated teller machine, OR
3. THE PROPERTY IS PERSONAL IDENTIFYING INFORMATION OF TWENTY-FIVE OR
MORE PERSONS.
Grand larceny in the third degree is a class D felony.
§ 8. Section 155.40 of the penal law, as amended by chapter 515 of the
laws of 1986, is amended to read as follows:
§ 155.40 Grand larceny in the second degree.
S. 1973 5
A person is guilty of grand larceny in the second degree when he OR
SHE steals property OR SERVICE and when:
1. The value of the property OR SERVICE exceeds fifty thousand
dollars; or
2. The property OR SERVICE, regardless of its nature and value, is
obtained by extortion committed by instilling in the victim a fear that
the actor or another person will (a) cause physical injury to some
person in the future, or (b) cause damage to property, or (c) use or
abuse his position as a public servant by engaging in conduct within or
related to his official duties, or by failing or refusing to perform an
official duty, in such manner as to affect some person adversely, OR
3. THE PROPERTY IS PERSONAL IDENTIFYING INFORMATION OF ONE HUNDRED OR
MORE PERSONS.
Grand larceny in the second degree is a class C felony.
§ 9. Section 155.42 of the penal law, as added by chapter 515 of the
laws of 1986, is amended to read as follows:
§ 155.42 Grand larceny in the first degree.
A person is guilty of grand larceny in the first degree when he OR SHE
steals property OR A SERVICE and when the value of the property OR
SERVICE exceeds one million dollars; OR THE PROPERTY IS PERSONAL IDENTI-
FYING INFORMATION OF ONE THOUSAND OR MORE PERSONS.
Grand larceny in the first degree is a class B felony.
§ 10. Section 165.71 of the penal law, as added by chapter 490 of the
laws of 1992, is amended to read as follows:
§ 165.71 Trademark counterfeiting in the [third] FOURTH degree.
A person is guilty of trademark counterfeiting in the [third] FOURTH
degree when, with the intent to deceive or defraud some other person or
with the intent to evade a lawful restriction on the sale, resale,
offering for sale, or distribution of goods, he or she manufactures,
distributes, sells, or offers for sale goods which bear a counterfeit
trademark, or possesses a trademark knowing it to be counterfeit for the
purpose of affixing it to any goods.
Trademark counterfeiting in the [third] FOURTH degree is a class A
misdemeanor.
§ 11. Section 165.72 of the penal law, as amended by chapter 535 of
the laws of 1995, is amended to read as follows:
§ 165.72 Trademark counterfeiting in the [second] THIRD degree.
A person is guilty of trademark counterfeiting in the [second] THIRD
degree when, with the intent to deceive or defraud some other person or
with the intent to evade a lawful restriction on the sale, resale,
offering for sale, or distribution of goods, he or she manufactures,
distributes, sells, or offers for sale goods which bear a counterfeit
trademark, or possesses a trademark knowing it to be counterfeit for the
purpose of affixing it to any goods, and the retail value of all such
goods bearing OR INTENDED TO BEAR counterfeit trademarks exceeds one
thousand dollars OR THE TOTAL NUMBERS OF ALL SUCH GOODS BEARING COUNTER-
FEIT TRADEMARKS EXCEEDS TWO HUNDRED.
Trademark counterfeiting in the [second] THIRD degree is a class E
felony.
§ 12. Section 165.73 of the penal law, as amended by chapter 535 of
the laws of 1995, is amended to read as follows:
§ 165.73 Trademark counterfeiting in the [first] SECOND degree.
A person is guilty of trademark counterfeiting in the first degree
when, with the intent to deceive or defraud some other person, or with
the intent to evade a lawful restriction on the sale, resale, offering
for sale, or distribution of goods, he or she manufactures, distributes,
S. 1973 6
sells, or offers for sale goods which bear a counterfeit trademark, or
possesses a trademark knowing it to be counterfeit for the purpose of
affixing it to any goods, and the retail value of all such goods bearing
OR INTENDED TO BEAR counterfeit trademarks exceeds [one hundred] TWEN-
TY-FIVE thousand dollars OR THE TOTAL NUMBERS OF ALL SUCH GOODS BEARING
COUNTERFEIT TRADEMARKS EXCEEDS TWO THOUSAND.
Trademark counterfeiting in the [first] SECOND degree is a class [C] D
felony.
§ 13. Section 165.74 of the penal law is REPEALED and two new sections
165.74 and 165.75 are added to read as follows:
§ 165.74 TRADEMARK COUNTERFEITING IN THE FIRST DEGREE.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF TRADEMARK COUNTERFEITING IN THE FIRST DEGREE
WHEN, WITH THE INTENT TO DECEIVE OR DEFRAUD SOME OTHER PERSON, OR WITH
THE INTENT TO EVADE A LAWFUL RESTRICTION ON THE SALE, RESALE, OFFERING
FOR SALE, OR DISTRIBUTION OF GOODS, HE OR SHE MANUFACTURES, DISTRIBUTES,
SELLS, OR OFFERS FOR SALE GOODS WHICH BEAR A COUNTERFEIT TRADEMARK, OR
POSSESSES A TRADEMARK KNOWING IT TO BE COUNTERFEIT FOR THE PURPOSE OF
AFFIXING IT TO ANY GOODS, AND THE RETAIL VALUE OF ALL SUCH GOODS BEARING
OR INTENDED TO BEAR COUNTERFEIT TRADEMARKS EXCEEDS ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND
DOLLARS OR THE TOTAL NUMBERS OF ALL SUCH GOODS BEARING COUNTERFEIT
TRADEMARKS EXCEEDS TEN THOUSAND DOLLARS.
TRADEMARK COUNTERFEITING IN THE FIRST DEGREE IS A CLASS C FELONY.
§ 165.75 SEIZURE AND DESTRUCTION OF GOODS BEARING COUNTERFEIT TRADE-
MARKS.
ANY GOODS MANUFACTURED, SOLD, OFFERED FOR SALE, DISTRIBUTED OR
PRODUCED IN VIOLATION OF THIS ARTICLE MAY BE SEIZED BY ANY POLICE OFFI-
CER. THE MAGISTRATE MUST, UPON WRITTEN APPLICATION OF DEFENDANT, WITHIN
FORTY-EIGHT HOURS AFTER ARRAIGNMENT OF THE DEFENDANT, DETERMINE WHETHER
PROBABLE CAUSE EXISTS TO BELIEVE THAT THE GOODS HAD BEEN MANUFACTURED,
SOLD, OFFERED FOR SALE, DISTRIBUTED OR PRODUCED IN VIOLATION OF THIS
ARTICLE, AND UPON A FINDING THAT PROBABLE CAUSE EXISTS TO BELIEVE THAT
THE GOODS HAD BEEN MANUFACTURED, SOLD, OFFERED FOR SALE, DISTRIBUTED, OR
PRODUCED IN VIOLATION OF THIS ARTICLE, THE COURT SHALL AUTHORIZE SUCH
ARTICLES UP TO THE RELEVANT STATUTORY THRESHOLD TO BE RETAINED AS
EVIDENCE PENDING THE TRIAL OF THE DEFENDANT. UPON CONVICTION OF THE
DEFENDANT, THE ARTICLES IN RESPECT WHEREOF THE DEFENDANT STANDS
CONVICTED SHALL BE DESTROYED. ALL COUNTERFEIT GOODS WHICH EXCEED THE
STATUTORY THRESHOLD MAY BE DESTROYED PRIOR TO TRIAL PROVIDED DEFENDANT
IS GIVEN WRITTEN NOTICE AND A SEVEN DAY PERIOD UPON WHICH TO INSPECT
THOSE GOODS TO BE DESTROYED. DESTRUCTION SHALL NOT INCLUDE AUCTION, SALE
OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE ITEMS IN THEIR ORIGINAL FORM UNLESS THE TRADEMARK
HOLDER REQUESTS, IN WRITING, THAT THE COUNTERFEIT GOODS BE TURNED OVER
TO HIM OR HER.
§ 14. Sections 190.60 and 190.65 of the penal law are REPEALED and six
new sections 190.60, 190.61, 190.62, 190.63, 190.64 and 190.65 are added
to read as follows:
§ 190.60 SCHEME TO DEFRAUD DEFINED.
1. A PERSON ENGAGES IN A SCHEME TO DEFRAUD WHEN HE OR SHE ENGAGES IN A
SCHEME CONSTITUTING A SYSTEMATIC ONGOING COURSE OF CONDUCT WITH INTENT
TO DEFRAUD AT LEAST ONE PERSON OR TO OBTAIN PROPERTY OR SERVICE FROM AT
LEAST ONE PERSON BY FALSE OR FRAUDULENT PRETENSES, REPRESENTATIONS OR
PROMISES, AND SO OBTAINS PROPERTY OR SERVICE FROM AT LEAST ONE PERSON.
2. PROPERTY, SERVICE, COMPUTER DATA AND COMPUTER PROGRAM SHALL HAVE
THE MEANINGS SET FORTH IN SECTION 155.00 OF THIS CHAPTER.
3. IN ANY PROSECUTION OF A SCHEME TO DEFRAUD, IT SHALL BE NECESSARY TO
PROVE THE IDENTITY OF AT LEAST ONE PERSON FROM WHOM THE DEFENDANT SO
S. 1973 7
OBTAINED PROPERTY OR SERVICE, BUT IT SHALL NOT BE NECESSARY TO PROVE THE
IDENTITY OF ANY OTHER INTENDED VICTIM, PROVIDED THAT IN A PROSECUTION OF
A SCHEME TO DEFRAUD PURSUANT TO SUBDIVISION THREE OF SECTION 190.62 OF
THIS ARTICLE, IT SHALL BE NECESSARY TO PROVE THE IDENTITY OF AT LEAST
ONE SUCH VULNERABLE ELDERLY PERSON.
§ 190.61 SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE FIFTH DEGREE.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF A SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE FIFTH DEGREE WHEN HE
OR SHE ENGAGES IN A SCHEME TO DEFRAUD.
SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE FIFTH DEGREE IS A CLASS A MISDEMEANOR.
§ 190.62 SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE FOURTH DEGREE.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF A SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE FOURTH DEGREE WHEN HE
OR SHE ENGAGES IN A SCHEME TO DEFRAUD, AND
1. INTENDS TO OBTAIN PROPERTY OR SERVICE FROM TEN OR MORE PERSONS; OR
2. THE VALUE OF THE PROPERTY OR SERVICE OBTAINED EXCEEDS ONE THOUSAND
DOLLARS; OR
3. INTENDS TO OBTAIN AND DOES OBTAIN PROPERTY OR SERVICE FROM AT LEAST
ONE VULNERABLE ELDERLY PERSON AS DEFINED IN SECTION 260.31 OF THIS CHAP-
TER.
SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE FOURTH DEGREE IS A CLASS E FELONY.
§ 190.63 SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE THIRD DEGREE.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF A SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE THIRD DEGREE WHEN HE
OR SHE ENGAGES IN A SCHEME TO DEFRAUD, AND
1. INTENDS TO OBTAIN PROPERTY OR SERVICE FROM TWENTY-FIVE OR MORE
PERSONS; OR
2. THE VALUE OF THE PROPERTY OR SERVICE OBTAINED EXCEEDS THREE THOU-
SAND DOLLARS.
SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE THIRD DEGREE IS A CLASS D FELONY.
§ 190.64 SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE SECOND DEGREE.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF A SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE SECOND DEGREE WHEN HE
OR SHE ENGAGES IN A SCHEME TO DEFRAUD, AND
1. INTENDS TO OBTAIN PROPERTY OR SERVICE FROM ONE HUNDRED OR MORE
PERSONS; OR
2. THE VALUE OF THE PROPERTY OR SERVICE OBTAINED EXCEEDS FIFTY THOU-
SAND DOLLARS.
SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE SECOND DEGREE IS A CLASS C FELONY.
§ 190.65 SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE FIRST DEGREE.
A PERSON IS GUILTY OF A SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE FIRST DEGREE WHEN HE
OR SHE ENGAGES IN A SCHEME TO DEFRAUD, AND
1. INTENDS TO OBTAIN PROPERTY OR SERVICE FROM ONE THOUSAND OR MORE
PERSONS; OR
2. THE VALUE OF THE PROPERTY OR SERVICE OBTAINED EXCEEDS ONE MILLION
DOLLARS.
SCHEME TO DEFRAUD IN THE FIRST DEGREE IS A CLASS B FELONY.
§ 15. This act shall take effect on the first of November next
succeeding the date on which it shall have become a law.
