New Report Finds New York Prisons Fraught with Endemic Violence and Disregard for the Law
January 12, 2026
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ISSUE:
- Prison Reform
Press Contact:
Shafeeqa Kolia | skolia@nysenate.gov
Albany, NY – Today, State Senator Julia Salazar, Chair of the Committee on Crime Victims, Crime and Correction, released a first-of-its-kind report on last spring’s landmark Joint Public Hearing on the ongoing crisis in New York State prisons, which featured testimony from incarcerated and formerly incarcerated New Yorkers, their loved ones, legal experts, advocates, and State officials. The report found that the State’s prisons regularly abuse and neglect incarcerated individuals, fail to hold correctional officers accountable for wrongdoing or even investigate misconduct, openly violate the law, and more. The report also outlines key recommendations to reduce the brutality of confinement, increase oversight and accountability, and expand pathways to release for those who have rehabilitated and served their time.
The Joint Public Hearing on the Safety of Persons in Custody, Transparency, and Accountability within State Correctional Facilities was held on May 14, 2025.
State Senator Julia Salazar, Chair of the Committee on Crime Victims, Crime and Correction, released the following statement:
“This report makes a public case that’s crystal clear, well-substantiated, and utterly devastating: the need to overhaul New York’s prisons is an emergency. State prisons are legally and ethically responsible for protecting those they detain, but incarcerated New Yorkers routinely suffer severe, lethal abuse and neglect. Misconduct toward incarcerated individuals by correctional officers is commonplace—and so are the cover-ups. While New York passed the HALT Solitary Confinement Act to ensure compliance with international human rights law and to reduce the level of torture inside of our prisons, DOCCS flagrantly violates this law. Medical neglect, discrimination, and inhumane conditions are all the norm. The passage of the Prison Reform Omnibus Bill was a serious step toward mitigating this disaster, but we must do much more. State lawmakers have a moral obligation to pursue all paths toward ending the brutality on which New York’s prison system is built.”
Robert Ricks, father of Robert Brooks, said “In December of 2024, New York’s violent, racist, and inhuman prison system enabled correction officers to murder my son, Robert Brooks, in cold blood. Losing your child is a pain I would not wish upon anyone. This report makes it clear that the execution of Robert was not a standalone occurrence; it was the norm. It should not be normal that government employees can assault and kill a New Yorker in their care. Yet that is exactly the case — our State prisons have normalized the killing, torture, and brutalization of New Yorkers, with rare instances of accountability or justice. State leaders have a moral obligation to implement the recommendations outlined in this report, or the blood of future murders by prison staff is on their hands.”
Key Findings
- Violence is endemic in New York’s jails and prisons and is embedded in the very structure and function of carceral systems, as confirmed by a majority of witnesses. Robert Brooks and Messiah Nantwi both were murdered by correctional staff, Mr. Brooks in December 2024 and Mr. Nantwi in March 2025, but they are far from the only people to suffer such lethal abuse. There are clear practical and policy steps that can and must be taken to reduce the level of violence by staff towards incarcerated people.
- Racism and discrimination are endemic to the functioning of our criminal legal system. This is evident from sentencing rates to unequal disciplinary sanctions while incarcerated to the disproportionate levels of abuse endured by Black and brown incarcerated individuals.
- Medical and mental healthcare is inaccessible, and when it is available, it is often inadequate or inappropriate, with little to no follow up care, preventative care, or urgency. This was confirmed by a majority of witnesses.
- Quality of life issues, like lack of programming, poor facility conditions — such as heating/cooling and clean water — sanitation, and, inaccessibility of personal and legal mail and packages are extremely common.
- The Humane Alternatives to Long-Term Solitary Confinement Law (HALT) has never been fully implemented. Currently, in the aftermath of the correction officer’s unlawful job action, the majority of people incarcerated in New York’s prisons are living under conditions that meet the definition of segregated confinement, routinely left in their cells for 23 hours per day.
- DOCCS’s internal grievance process does not properly investigate or resolve complaints of misconduct. Incarcerated people fear retaliation from filing complaints, and grievances can take years to be resolved, if ever.
- There is little to no accountability for correctional staff who engage in misconduct, despite what DOCCS or affiliated unions may say.
- Body-worn cameras are useful for the protection of everyone living and working in correctional facilities and need to be used consistently.
Key Recommendations
- Pass legislation that will create and expand pathways to release for those who are incarcerated.
- Pass legislation that establishes and upholds the rights and dignity of incarcerated individuals.
- Pass legislation that significantly increases accountability for DOCCS employees who engage in misconduct, and that increases oversight of DOCCS facilities.
- Fully implement the HALT Solitary Confinement Law.
- Take concrete steps to prevent and reduce the use of New York’s harmful carceral system through funding for evidence-based programs and services that empower and invest in communities, including, but not limited to, mental health services, universal healthcare, universal childcare, decent, safe, and permanently affordable housing, violence intervention programs, and economic reform.
- Repeal archaic provisions of New York’s sentencing and penal laws that result in unnecessary incarceration and provide funding for the significant expansion of restorative justice programs, treatment courts, and alternatives to incarceration.
- Close the jails on Rikers Island and close more State correctional facilities.
Anthony Dixon, Deputy Director of Parole Preparation Project, said "New York State prisons are in crisis. The testimony before Senator Julia Salazar's joint hearing laid bare something deeper than isolated failures. It exposed a systemic, brazen disregard for human life, lawful standards, and public safety. From incarcerated individuals and their families to attorneys, advocates, and esteemed experts, a relentless pattern emerged: violence, neglect, and institutional evasion that would be intolerable in any other public agency. This report does more than recount those accounts. It elevates them into an official legislative record and confronts New York with a fundamental choice: continue defending a system designed to harm, or rebuild one grounded in accountability and human dignity. The Parole Preparation Project stands with Senator Salazar in demanding this record become the foundation for substantive reform, not another report filed away and forgotten."
Thomas Gant, Community Organizer at Center for Community Alternatives (CCA), said “I testified at the Joint Hearing alongside Robert Ricks, the father of Robert Brooks, because accountability after death is not enough, creating an environment so this doesn’t happen again is. The murders of Robert Brooks and Messiah Nantwi exposed a violent prison culture that has been allowed to thrive for far too long, and a few prosecutions alone, will not make our prisons safer. If New York is serious about transforming this culture, we must give people something tangible like meaningful opportunities to earn their way home and mechanisms to address excessive sentences. Passing the Earned Time Act and the Second Look Act are concrete, proven ways to reduce violence, restore hope, and create safer environments for everyone: incarcerated people, staff, and our communities.”
Antony Gemmell, Supervising Attorney at Prisoners’ Rights Project, said “This report lays bare what tens of thousands of incarcerated New Yorkers have long known: our state’s prisons are rife with abuse, neglect, and racism, sustained by a culture of impunity that continues to cost lives. By rigorously documenting how these failures persist, the report provides a vital reckoning and offers a clear roadmap for action. It makes plain that the Legislature must act without delay to reduce incarceration, expand pathways to release, and strengthen transparency, oversight, and accountability.”
"As we enter 2026, the crisis in our state prison system continues unabated. Programming and visitation remain disrupted, while incarcerated people endure ongoing abuses and repeated violations of their human rights," said Megan French-Marcelin, Sr Director of NYS Policy at Legal Action Center. "This moment lays bare a truth we have long known: our prison system is rooted in racism and systemic violence that have no place in a just society. This report offers both a reckoning with that history and a clear-eyed assessment of the present crisis. In this legislative session, we must advance an agenda of release—using every available mechanism to ensure New Yorkers can return safely to their families and communities."
Serena Martin, Executive Director of New Hour for Women and Children, said “Behind every finding in this report is a person who was harmed, ignored or silenced by a system that is supposed to ensure safety and dignity. This report confirms what incarcerated people and their loved ones have been saying for years: violence, neglect, and impunity are not failures of New York’s prison system — they are features of it. The State cannot continue to ignore the human cost of unchecked abuse and unlawful confinement. Real oversight, full implementation of the HALT Act, reproductive justice which includes allowing infants to remain with their incarcerated parent through the CARE Act and pathways to release are not optional; they are a matter of life and death.”
Jose Saldana, Director of the Release Aging People in Prison Campaign (RAPP) and a survivor of 38 years in prison and a crime survivor, said “Senator Salazar hits the nail on the head: The racist brutality of the prison system is endemic, and cover-ups are orchestrated by the entire system—from the prison guards and sergeants to the superintendents and the various governmental oversight bodies. The system is designed to protect prison staff who perpetuate this violence. Post-Attica reforms, including the grievance system, have been whittled into nothing. In my 38 years of incarceration, I knew every day that the only real protection I had was the hope of one day being released back to my family and community. Lawmakers now know that Robert Brooks' murder is not an isolated incident but part of a human rights crisis created by the legacy of racism. We applaud Senator Salazar for laying out a clear agenda, including passage of the Fair & Timely Parole Act, Elder Parole Act, and sentencing reforms, as well as fully implementing the HALT Solitary Law, and we urge her colleagues in government to enact the full agenda immediately in the coming legislative session.”
"The murders of two incarcerated people followed by an unauthorized work stoppage in New York’s prison system laid bare a crisis years in the making," said Jennifer Scaife, Executive Director of the Correctional Association of New York. "The Prison Reform Omnibus Bill and expanded camera coverage represent vital progress under the leadership of Chairs Salazar and Dilan, and we applaud them for addressing concerns identified in our monitoring. In the new year, we look forward to working with the Legislature and the Executive for sustained action to shift prison culture and improve the quality of life for incarcerated individuals and staff alike."
Jerome R. Wright, Co-Director of the HALT Solitary Campaign, said “There is a longstanding and acute crisis of racist brutality, torture, and death in New York State’s prisons. I’ve personally experienced this. People are being lynched, beaten, sexually assaulted, waterboarded, suffocated with plastic bags, thrown in solitary confinement as cover-up, and killed. If this was any other state agency or institution, people would have been released, and those facilities shuttered. We are grateful to Senator Salazar and the legislature for this hearing and this report. Now the Governor and legislature must act to carry out this report's recommendations and beyond. Prisons must finally and fully implement the HALT Solitary Law, and the Governor and legislature must expand pathways of release from these deadly prisons and transform the environments inside, including by enacting Elder Parole, Fair and Timely Parole, Rights Behind Bars, and Sentencing Reforms. Incarcerated peoples’ lives matter.”
Yonah Zeitz, Advocacy Director at the Katal Center for Equity, Health, and Justice, said "Today's report highlights what our directly impacted members have long said: New York's jails and prisons are in crisis. At the May public hearing, our member Ziyadah Amatul-Matin testified that jails and prisons have failed to keep incarcerated people safe, and that families shouldn't have to grieve or worry daily about the well-being of their loved ones. The passage of the Prison Reform Omnibus Bill is a step in the right direction. Now, the Governor and the Legislature must swiftly and effectively implement these reforms to overhaul the State Commission of Correction (SCOC) and ensure the appointment of reform-oriented commissioners who will work aggressively to meet the SCOC’s mandate. As conditions on Rikers Island worsen, the legislature and the SCOC must urgently exercise their powers to address the crisis, reduce the jail population, and advance closure. We thank Senator Salazar for issuing today's report and will continue working with partners in the legislature this session to implement the key recommendations."