NY State Senate Bill 2025-S1228A

Current Bill Status - In Senate Committee Rules Committee

Introduced
- In Committee Assembly
- In Committee Senate
- On Floor Calendar Assembly
- On Floor Calendar Senate
- Passed Assembly
- Passed Senate
Delivered to Governor
Signed By Governor

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Actions

View Actions

Date of Action	Assembly Actions - Lowercase Senate Actions - UPPERCASE
Jun 13, 2025	committed to rules
Jun 04, 2025	advanced to third reading
May 29, 2025	2nd report cal.
May 28, 2025	1st report cal.1408
May 21, 2025	print number 1228c
May 21, 2025	amend and recommit to consumer protection
May 15, 2025	print number 1228b
May 15, 2025	amend and recommit to consumer protection
Apr 03, 2025	print number 1228a
Apr 03, 2025	amend and recommit to consumer protection
Jan 08, 2025	referred to consumer protection

Votes

- May 28, 2025 - Consumer Protection Committee Vote
  S1228A
  
  Aye
  
  5
  
  Nay
  
  0
  
  Aye with Reservations
  
  2
  
  Absent
  
  0
  
  Excused
  
  0
  
  Abstained
  
  0
  - - Consumer Protection Committee Vote: May 28, 2025
      
      aye (5)
      
      Bynoe
      
      Gonzalez
      
      May
      
      Myrie
      
      Ryan
      
      aye wr (2)
      
      Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick
      
      Weber

Bill Amendments

Original

C (Active)

2025-S1228 - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A606
Current Committee:: Senate Rules
Law Section:: General Business Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §396-b, Gen Bus L
Versions Introduced in Other Legislative Sessions:: 2021-2022: A6758
2023-2024: S6859, A216

2025-S1228 - Summary

Requires advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer; imposes a $1,000 civil penalty for a first violation and a $5,000 penalty for any subsequent violation.

2025-S1228 - Sponsor Memo

                                 
BILL NUMBER: S1228

SPONSOR: GIANARIS
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the general business law, in relation to requiring
advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer

 
PURPOSE:

This bill would require disclaimers when commercial content contains a
synthetic performer.

 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

Section one of the bill amends section 396-b of the general business
law.  Subdivision 1 defines "generative artificial intelligence" as
using machine learning technology, software, automation, and algorithms
to perform tasks, make rules, and/or predictions based on data sets and
instructions. and "synthetic performer." It also defines a "synthetic
performer" as a digital asset that is created using generative artifi-
cial intelligence to give the impression that the asset is a natural

performer when it is not a natural performer.

Subdivision 2 updates the language from male pronouns to "such person."

Subdivision 3 requires the disclosure of "synthetic performers" in
advertisements and institutes a civil penalty of $1000 for the first
violation, and $5000 for any subsequent violation.

Subdivision 4 states that the "right of privacy" under § 50 of the civil
rights law, the "right of publicity" under § 50-f of the civil rights
law, the "action for injunction for damages" under § 51 of the civil
rights law, and any other law are not limited or reduced by anything in
this section of law.

Subdivision 5 states that the protections under 47 U.S.0 section 230,
dealing with interactive computer service for content provided by anoth-
er information content provider, shall not be construed to limit or be
enlarged by anything in this section.

Section two of the bill provides a severability clause.

Section three of the bill establishes the effective date.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Synthetic performers are digitally-created media that appear as a real
person. Synthetic performers are used by advertisers to sell products,
by individuals to prank others, or by those who wish to distort reality.

With easy access to technology, there has been an increase in the use of
synthetic performers across all forms of media, including on social
media and in digital advertising. Without notice that the content one is
viewing is not real, synthetic performers and manipulated media contrib-
ute to a false news narrative and undermine one's ability to accurately
distill fact from fiction.


This legislation will require synthetic performers used for a commercial
purpose to be clearly labeled as such so that the average user will be
able to easily discern, at the point of viewing, that the image they are
looking at is not real, but a synthetic performer.  Failure to properly
label a synthetic performer will result in civil penalties up to $5,000.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

2024: S6859-A (Gianaris) died in Consumer Pro / A216-C (Rosenthal L)
reported, died in rules

2023: S6859 (Gianaris) died in Consumer Pro / A216-A (Rosenthal L) died
in consumer pro

2021-22: A6758-A (Rosenthal L) died in consumer protection

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:

None to the State.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect immediately.

2025-S1228 - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                   1228
 
                        2025-2026 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                              January 8, 2025
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by Sen. GIANARIS -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
   printed to be committed to the Committee on Consumer Protection
 
 AN ACT to amend the general  business  law,  in  relation  to  requiring
   advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. Section 396-b of the general  business  law,  as  added  by
 chapter 1031 of the laws of 1965, is amended to read as follows:
   §  396-b.  Advertisements.  1.   (A) FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION,
 "GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" MEANS  THE USE OF MACHINE  LEARNING
 TECHNOLOGY,  SOFTWARE, AUTOMATION,   AND  ALGORITHMS  TO  PERFORM TASKS,
 TO MAKE RULES  AND/OR  PREDICTIONS  BASED  ON  EXISTING  DATA  SETS  AND
 INSTRUCTIONS, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO:
   (I) ANY ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM THAT PERFORMS TASKS UNDER VARYING AND UNPRE-
 DICTABLE  CIRCUMSTANCES WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT HUMAN OVERSIGHT, OR THAT CAN
 LEARN FROM EXPERIENCE AND IMPROVE PERFORMANCE WHEN EXPOSED TO DATA SETS;
   (II)  AN  ARTIFICIAL  SYSTEM  DEVELOPED IN COMPUTER SOFTWARE, PHYSICAL
 HARDWARE, OR  OTHER  CONTEXT  THAT  SOLVES  TASKS  REQUIRING  HUMAN-LIKE
 PERCEPTION,  COGNITION,  PLANNING,  LEARNING, COMMUNICATION, OR PHYSICAL
 ACTION;
   (III) AN  ARTIFICIAL  SYSTEM  DESIGNED  TO THINK OR ACT LIKE A  HUMAN,
 INCLUDING COGNITIVE ARCHITECTURES AND NEURAL NETWORKS;
   (IV) A SET OF TECHNIQUES, INCLUDING MACHINE LEARNING, THAT IS DESIGNED
 TO APPROXIMATE A COGNITIVE TASK; AND/OR
   (V) AN ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM DESIGNED  TO  ACT  RATIONALLY,  INCLUDING  AN
 INTELLIGENT  SOFTWARE  AGENT OR EMBODIED ROBOT THAT ACHIEVES GOALS USING
 PERCEPTION,  PLANNING,  REASONING,  LEARNING,  COMMUNICATING,   DECISION
 MAKING, AND ACTING.
   (B)  FOR  PURPOSES  OF  THIS  SECTION,  "SYNTHETIC  PERFORMER" MEANS A
 DIGITALLY CREATED ASSET CREATED, REPRODUCED, OR  MODIFIED  BY  COMPUTER,
 USING  GENERATIVE  ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OR A SOFTWARE ALGORITHM, THAT
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD00785-01-5

 S. 1228                             2
 
 IS INTENDED TO CREATE  THE  IMPRESSION  THAT  THE  ASSET  IS  A  NATURAL
 PERFORMER WHO IS NOT RECOGNIZABLE AS ANY IDENTIFIABLE NATURAL PERFORMER.
   2.  Any person, firm, corporation or association, or agent or employee
 thereof, hereinafter called person, who, being engaged in  the  business
 of  dealing  in any property, makes, publishes, disseminates, circulates
 or places before the public or causes, directly  or  indirectly,  to  be
 made,  published,  disseminated, circulated or placed before the public,
 in this state, any advertisement respecting any such  property,  in  any
 newspaper,  magazine, or other publication, or over any radio station or
 television station, unless it is stated in any such  advertisement  that
 the  advertiser  is a dealer in such property or from the context of any
 such advertisement, it plainly appears that such person is a  dealer  in
 such  property  so  offered  for sale in any such advertisement; or when
 placing or causing any such advertisement to appear  in  any  newspaper,
 magazine  or  other  publication  or  radio  or  television  station  as
 described in this section, if requested by the  publisher  of  any  such
 newspaper,  magazine  or  other publication or owner or operator of such
 radio or television station or any agent or  representative  thereof  to
 file  with  such  owner  or operator, publisher, agent or representative
 thereof [his] SUCH PERSON'S true name, or  where  [he]  SUCH  PERSON  is
 transacting  business  under a name other than the true name pursuant to
 law, then the name under which such business  is  transacted,  and  each
 business  address  wherein  any  business  is  transacted  by [him] SUCH
 PERSON, in the class of property advertised or to be advertised for sale
 in such advertisement, shall make any false statement in relation to any
 of such items; or if requested by the publisher of any  such  newspaper,
 magazine  or  other  publication  or  owner or operator of such radio or
 television station or any agent or representative thereof to  file  with
 such  owner,  operator,  publisher,  agent  or  representative thereof a
 statement showing whether [he] SUCH PERSON is causing such advertisement
 to appear or is offering to make such  sale  or  disposition  or  trans-
 action,  as herein set forth, as principal or agent, and if as agent, to
 set forth such information as is specified in this section, in  relation
 to  [his]  SUCH  PERSON'S  principal as well as in relation to [himself]
 SUCH PERSON, shall make any false statement in relation to any  of  such
 items; is guilty of a misdemeanor.
   3.  ANY  PERSON  ENGAGED IN THE BUSINESS OF DEALING IN ANY PROPERTY OR
 SERVICE WHO FOR ANY COMMERCIAL PURPOSE MAKES,  PUBLISHES,  DISSEMINATES,
 CIRCULATES  OR PLACES BEFORE THE PUBLIC OR CAUSES, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECT-
 LY, TO BE MADE, PUBLISHED, DISSEMINATED, CIRCULATED OR PLACED BEFORE THE
 PUBLIC ANY ADVERTISEMENT RESPECTING ANY SUCH PROPERTY OR SERVICE, IN ANY
 MEDIUM OR MEDIA IN WHICH SUCH ADVERTISEMENT APPEARS, SHALL  DISCLOSE  IN
 SUCH  ADVERTISEMENT  IF  A SYNTHETIC PERFORMER IS IN SUCH ADVERTISEMENT,
 WHERE SUCH PERSON HAS ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE.  A VIOLATION OF THIS SUBDIVISION
 SHALL RESULT IN A CIVIL PENALTY OF ONE  THOUSAND  DOLLARS  FOR  A  FIRST
 VIOLATION, AND FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS FOR ANY SUBSEQUENT VIOLATION.
   4. NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL LIMIT OR REDUCE ANY RIGHTS ANY PERSON
 MAY  HAVE UNDER SECTION FIFTY, FIFTY-F, OR FIFTY-ONE OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS
 LAW OR UNDER ANY OTHER LAW.
   5. NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT, OR TO ENLARGE,
 THE PROTECTIONS THAT 47 U.S.C. SECTION 230  CONFERS  ON  AN  INTERACTIVE
 COMPUTER  SERVICE  FOR  CONTENT  PROVIDED BY ANOTHER INFORMATION CONTENT
 PROVIDER, AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN 47 U.S.C. SECTION 230.
   § 2. Severability clause. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivi-
 sion, section or part of this act shall be  adjudged  by  any  court  of
 competent  jurisdiction  to  be invalid, such judgment shall not affect,
 S. 1228                             3
 
 impair, or invalidate the remainder thereof, but shall  be  confined  in
 its  operation  to the clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivision, section
 or part thereof directly involved in the controversy in which such judg-
 ment shall have been rendered. It is hereby declared to be the intent of
 the  legislature  that  this  act  would  have been enacted even if such
 invalid provisions had not been included herein.
   § 3. This act shall take effect immediately.

2025-S1228A - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A606
Current Committee:: Senate Rules
Law Section:: General Business Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §396-b, Gen Bus L
Versions Introduced in Other Legislative Sessions:: 2021-2022: A6758
2023-2024: S6859, A216

2025-S1228A - Summary

Requires advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer; imposes a $1,000 civil penalty for a first violation and a $5,000 penalty for any subsequent violation.

2025-S1228A - Sponsor Memo

                                 
BILL NUMBER: S1228A

SPONSOR: GIANARIS
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the general business law, in relation to requiring
advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer

 
PURPOSE:

This bill would require disclaimers when commercial content contains a
synthetic performer.

 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

Section one of the bill amends section 396-b of the general business
law. Subdivision 1 provides definitions of "artificial intelligence" and
"generative artificial intelligence." It then defines a "synthetic
performer" as a digital asset that is created, reproduced, or modified
by computer, using generative artificial intelligence or a software
algorithm, that is intended to give the impression that the asset is in
an audio, audiovisual, and/or visual performance of a human performer

when it is not recognizable as any identifiable natural performer.

Subdivision 2 makes technical changes by replacing gender-specific
language with gender-neutral language.

Subdivision 3 requires the conspicuous disclosure of "synthetic perform-
ers" in advertisements and institutes a civil penalty of $1000 for the
first violation, and $5000 for any subsequent violation.

Subdivision 4 states that the "right of privacy" under § 50 of the civil
rights law, the "right of publicity" under § 50-f of the civil rights
law, the "action for injunction for damages" under § 51 of the civil
rights law, and any other law are not limited or reduced by anything in
this section of law.

Subdivision 5 states that the protections under 47 U.S.0 section 230,
dealing with interactive computer service for content provided by anoth-
er information content provider, shall not be construed to limit or be
enlarged by anything in this section.

Section two of the bill provides a severability clause.

Section three of the bill establishes the effective date.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Synthetic performers are digitally-created media that appear as a real
person. Synthetic performers are used by advertisers to sell products,
by individuals to prank others, or by those who wish to distort reality.

With easy access to technology, there has been an increase in the use of
synthetic performers across all forms of media, including on social
media and in digital advertising. Without notice that the content one is
viewing is not real, synthetic performers and manipulated media contrib-
ute to a false news narrative and undermine one's ability to accurately
distill fact from fiction.

This legislation will require synthetic performers used for a commercial
purpose to be clearly labeled as such so that the average user will be
able to easily discern, at the point of viewing, that the image they are
looking at is not real, but a synthetic performer.  Failure to properly
label a synthetic performer will result in civil penalties up to $5,000.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

2024: S6859-A (Gianaris) died in Consumer Pro / A216-C (Rosenthal L)
reported, died in rules

2023: S6859 (Gianaris) died in Consumer Pro / A216-A (Rosenthal L) died
in consumer pro

2021-22: A6758-A (Rosenthal L) died in consumer protection

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:

None to the State.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect immediately.

2025-S1228A - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  1228--A
 
                        2025-2026 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                              January 8, 2025
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by Sen. GIANARIS -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
   printed to be committed to the Committee  on  Consumer  Protection  --
   committee  discharged,  bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and
   recommitted to said committee
 
 AN ACT to amend the general  business  law,  in  relation  to  requiring
   advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer
 
   THE  PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section 1. Section 396-b of the general  business  law,  as  added  by
 chapter 1031 of the laws of 1965, is amended to read as follows:
   §  396-b.  Advertisements.  1.  FOR  THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE
 FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   (A) "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE", "ARTIFICIAL  INTELLIGENCE  TECHNOLOGY",
 OR  "AI"  MEANS  A  MACHINE-BASED  SYSTEM  THAT  CAN, FOR A GIVEN SET OF
 HUMAN-DEFINED OBJECTIVES, MAKE PREDICTIONS,  RECOMMENDATIONS,  OR  DECI-
 SIONS  INFLUENCING  REAL OR VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS, AND THAT USES MACHINE-
 AND HUMAN-BASED  INPUTS  TO  PERCEIVE  REAL  AND  VIRTUAL  ENVIRONMENTS,
 ABSTRACT  SUCH  PERCEPTIONS INTO MODELS THROUGH ANALYSIS IN AN AUTOMATED
 MANNER, AND USE MODEL INFERENCE TO FORMULATE OPTIONS FOR INFORMATION  OR
 ACTION.
   (B)  "GENERATIVE  ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" MEANS A CLASS OF ARTIFICIAL
 INTELLIGENCE MODELS THAT ARE SELF-SUPERVISED AND EMULATE  THE  STRUCTURE
 AND CHARACTERISTICS OF INPUT DATA TO GENERATE DERIVED SYNTHETIC CONTENT,
 INCLUDING,  BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO, IMAGES, VIDEOS, AUDIO, TEXT, AND OTHER
 DIGITAL CONTENT.
   (C) "SYNTHETIC PERFORMER" MEANS A  DIGITALLY  CREATED  ASSET  CREATED,
 REPRODUCED,  OR MODIFIED BY COMPUTER, USING GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTEL-
 LIGENCE OR  A  SOFTWARE  ALGORITHM,  THAT  IS  INTENDED  TO  CREATE  THE
 IMPRESSION  THAT  THE ASSET IS ENGAGING IN AN AUDIO, AUDIOVISUAL, AND/OR
 VISUAL PERFORMANCE OF A HUMAN PERFORMER WHO IS NOT RECOGNIZABLE  AS  ANY
 IDENTIFIABLE NATURAL PERFORMER.
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD00785-05-5

 S. 1228--A                          2
 
   2.  Any person, firm, corporation or association, or agent or employee
 thereof, hereinafter called person, who, being engaged in  the  business
 of  dealing  in any property, makes, publishes, disseminates, circulates
 or places before the public or causes, directly  or  indirectly,  to  be
 made,  published,  disseminated, circulated or placed before the public,
 in this state, any advertisement respecting any such  property,  in  any
 newspaper,  magazine, or other publication, or over any radio station or
 television station, unless it is stated in any such  advertisement  that
 the  advertiser  is a dealer in such property or from the context of any
 such advertisement, it plainly appears that such person is a  dealer  in
 such  property  so  offered  for sale in any such advertisement; or when
 placing or causing any such advertisement to appear  in  any  newspaper,
 magazine  or  other  publication  or  radio  or  television  station  as
 described in this section, if requested by the  publisher  of  any  such
 newspaper,  magazine  or  other publication or owner or operator of such
 radio or television station or any agent or  representative  thereof  to
 file  with  such  owner  or operator, publisher, agent or representative
 thereof [his] SUCH PERSON'S true name, or  where  [he]  SUCH  PERSON  is
 transacting  business  under a name other than the true name pursuant to
 law, then the name under which such business  is  transacted,  and  each
 business  address  wherein  any  business  is  transacted  by [him] SUCH
 PERSON, in the class of property advertised or to be advertised for sale
 in such advertisement, shall make any false statement in relation to any
 of such items; or if requested by the publisher of any  such  newspaper,
 magazine  or  other  publication  or  owner or operator of such radio or
 television station or any agent or representative thereof to  file  with
 such  owner,  operator,  publisher,  agent  or  representative thereof a
 statement showing whether [he] SUCH PERSON is causing such advertisement
 to appear or is offering to make such  sale  or  disposition  or  trans-
 action,  as herein set forth, as principal or agent, and if as agent, to
 set forth such information as is specified in this section, in  relation
 to  [his]  SUCH  PERSON'S  principal as well as in relation to [himself]
 SUCH PERSON, shall make any false statement in relation to any  of  such
 items; is guilty of a misdemeanor.
   3.  ANY  PERSON  ENGAGED IN THE BUSINESS OF DEALING IN ANY PROPERTY OR
 SERVICE WHO FOR ANY COMMERCIAL PURPOSE MAKES,  PUBLISHES,  DISSEMINATES,
 CIRCULATES  OR PLACES BEFORE THE PUBLIC OR CAUSES, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECT-
 LY, TO BE MADE, PUBLISHED, DISSEMINATED, CIRCULATED OR PLACED BEFORE THE
 PUBLIC ANY ADVERTISEMENT RESPECTING ANY SUCH PROPERTY OR SERVICE, IN ANY
 MEDIUM OR MEDIA IN WHICH SUCH ADVERTISEMENT APPEARS, SHALL CONSPICUOUSLY
 DISCLOSE IN SUCH ADVERTISEMENT IF  A  SYNTHETIC  PERFORMER  IS  IN  SUCH
 ADVERTISEMENT,  WHERE  SUCH  PERSON HAS ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE. A VIOLATION OF
 THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL RESULT IN A CIVIL PENALTY OF ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS
 FOR A FIRST VIOLATION, AND FIVE  THOUSAND  DOLLARS  FOR  ANY  SUBSEQUENT
 VIOLATION.
   4.  NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL LIMIT, REDUCE, OR ENLARGE ANY RIGHTS
 ANY PERSON MAY HAVE UNDER SECTION FIFTY, FIFTY-F, OR  FIFTY-ONE  OF  THE
 CIVIL RIGHTS LAW OR UNDER ANY OTHER LAW.
   5. NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT, OR TO ENLARGE,
 THE  PROTECTIONS  THAT  47  U.S.C. SECTION 230 CONFERS ON AN INTERACTIVE
 COMPUTER SERVICE FOR CONTENT PROVIDED  BY  ANOTHER  INFORMATION  CONTENT
 PROVIDER, AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN 47 U.S.C. SECTION 230.
   § 2. Severability clause. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivi-
 sion,  section  or  part  of  this act shall be adjudged by any court of
 competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment  shall  not  affect,
 impair,  or  invalidate  the remainder thereof, but shall be confined in
 S. 1228--A                          3
 
 its operation to the clause, sentence, paragraph,  subdivision,  section
 or part thereof directly involved in the controversy in which such judg-
 ment shall have been rendered. It is hereby declared to be the intent of
 the  legislature  that  this  act  would  have been enacted even if such
 invalid provisions had not been included herein.
   § 3. This act shall take effect immediately.

2025-S1228B - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A606
Current Committee:: Senate Rules
Law Section:: General Business Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §396-b, Gen Bus L
Versions Introduced in Other Legislative Sessions:: 2021-2022: A6758
2023-2024: S6859, A216

2025-S1228B - Summary

Requires advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer; imposes a $1,000 civil penalty for a first violation and a $5,000 penalty for any subsequent violation.

2025-S1228B - Sponsor Memo

                                 
BILL NUMBER: S1228B

SPONSOR: GIANARIS
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the general business law, in relation to requiring
advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer

 
PURPOSE:

This bill would require disclaimers when commercial content contains a
synthetic performer.

 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

Section one of the bill amends section 396-b of the general business
law. Subdivision 1 provides definitions of "artificial intelligence" and
"generative artificial intelligence." It then defines a "synthetic
performer" as a digital asset that is created, reproduced, or modified
by computer, using generative artificial intelligence or a software
algorithm, that is intended to give the impression that the asset is in
an audio, audiovisual, and/or visual performance of a human performer

when it is not recognizable as any identifiable natural performer.

Subdivision 2 makes technical changes by replacing gender specific
language with gender neutral language.

Subdivision 3 requires the conspicuous disclosure of "synthetic perform-
ers" in advertisements and institutes a civil penalty of $1000 for the
first violation, and $5000 for any subsequent violation.

Subdivision 4 excludes advertisements and promotional materials for
expressive works, including but not limited to, motion pictures, tele-
vision programs, streaming content, documentaries, video games, or other
similar audiovisual works, provided that the use of synthetic media in
the advertisement or promotional material is consistent with its use in
the expressive work.

Subdivision 5 states that the "right of privacy" under § 50 of the civil
rights law, the "right of publicity" under § 50-f of the civil rights
law, the "action for injunction for damages" under § 51 of the civil
rights law, and any other law are not limited or reduced by anything in
this section of law.

Subdivision 6 states that the protections under 47 U.S.0 section 230,
dealing with interactive computer service for content provided by anoth-
er information content provider, shall not be construed to limit or be
enlarged by anything in this section.

Section two of the bill provides a severability clause.

Section three of the bill establishes the effective date.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Synthetic performers are digitally-created media that appear as a real
person. Synthetic performers are used by advertisers to sell products,
by individuals to prank others, or by those who wish to distort reality.

With easy access to technology, there has been an increase in the use of
synthetic performers across all forms of media, including on social
media and in digital advertising. Without notice that the content one is
viewing is not real, synthetic performers and manipulated media contrib-
ute to a false news narrative and undermine one's ability to accurately
distill fact from fiction.

This legislation will require synthetic performers used for a commercial
purpose to be clearly labeled as such so that the average user will be
able to easily discern, at the point of viewing, that the image they are
looking at is not real, but a synthetic performer.  Failure to properly
label a synthetic performer will result in civil penalties up to $5,000.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

2024: S6859-A (Gianaris) died in Consumer Pro / A216-C (Rosenthal L)
reported, died in rules

2023: S6859 (Gianaris) died in Consumer Pro / A216-A (Rosenthal L) died
in consumer pro

2021-22: A6758-A (Rosenthal L) died in consumer protection

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:

None to the State.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect immediately.

2025-S1228B - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  1228--B
 
                        2025-2026 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                              January 8, 2025
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by Sen. GIANARIS -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
   printed to be committed to the Committee  on  Consumer  Protection  --
   committee  discharged,  bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and
   recommitted to said committee -- committee discharged,  bill  amended,
   ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted to said committee

 AN  ACT  to  amend  the  general  business law, in relation to requiring
   advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section  1.  Section  396-b  of  the general business law, as added by
 chapter 1031 of the laws of 1965, is amended to read as follows:
   § 396-b. Advertisements. 1. FOR THE  PURPOSES  OF  THIS  SECTION,  THE
 FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   (A)  "ARTIFICIAL  INTELLIGENCE", "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY",
 OR "AI" MEANS A MACHINE-BASED SYSTEM  THAT  CAN,  FOR  A  GIVEN  SET  OF
 HUMAN-DEFINED  OBJECTIVES,  MAKE  PREDICTIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, OR DECI-
 SIONS INFLUENCING REAL OR VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS, AND THAT  USES  MACHINE-
 AND  HUMAN-BASED  INPUTS  TO  PERCEIVE  REAL  AND  VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS,
 ABSTRACT SUCH PERCEPTIONS INTO MODELS THROUGH ANALYSIS IN  AN  AUTOMATED
 MANNER,  AND USE MODEL INFERENCE TO FORMULATE OPTIONS FOR INFORMATION OR
 ACTION.
   (B) "GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" MEANS A CLASS  OF  ARTIFICIAL
 INTELLIGENCE  MODELS  THAT ARE SELF-SUPERVISED AND EMULATE THE STRUCTURE
 AND CHARACTERISTICS OF INPUT DATA TO GENERATE DERIVED SYNTHETIC CONTENT,
 INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMAGES, VIDEOS, AUDIO,  TEXT,  AND  OTHER
 DIGITAL CONTENT.
   (C)  "SYNTHETIC  PERFORMER"  MEANS  A DIGITALLY CREATED ASSET CREATED,
 REPRODUCED, OR MODIFIED BY COMPUTER, USING GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL  INTEL-
 LIGENCE  OR  A  SOFTWARE  ALGORITHM,  THAT  IS  INTENDED  TO  CREATE THE
 IMPRESSION THAT THE ASSET IS ENGAGING IN AN AUDIO,  AUDIOVISUAL,  AND/OR
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD00785-06-5
 S. 1228--B                          2

 
 VISUAL  PERFORMANCE  OF A HUMAN PERFORMER WHO IS NOT RECOGNIZABLE AS ANY
 IDENTIFIABLE NATURAL PERFORMER.
   2.  Any person, firm, corporation or association, or agent or employee
 thereof, hereinafter called person, who, being engaged in  the  business
 of  dealing  in any property, makes, publishes, disseminates, circulates
 or places before the public or causes, directly  or  indirectly,  to  be
 made,  published,  disseminated, circulated or placed before the public,
 in this state, any advertisement respecting any such  property,  in  any
 newspaper,  magazine, or other publication, or over any radio station or
 television station, unless it is stated in any such  advertisement  that
 the  advertiser  is a dealer in such property or from the context of any
 such advertisement, it plainly appears that such person is a  dealer  in
 such  property  so  offered  for sale in any such advertisement; or when
 placing or causing any such advertisement to appear  in  any  newspaper,
 magazine  or  other  publication  or  radio  or  television  station  as
 described in this section, if requested by the  publisher  of  any  such
 newspaper,  magazine  or  other publication or owner or operator of such
 radio or television station or any agent or  representative  thereof  to
 file  with  such  owner  or operator, publisher, agent or representative
 thereof [his] SUCH PERSON'S true name, or  where  [he]  SUCH  PERSON  is
 transacting  business  under a name other than the true name pursuant to
 law, then the name under which such business  is  transacted,  and  each
 business  address  wherein  any  business  is  transacted  by [him] SUCH
 PERSON, in the class of property advertised or to be advertised for sale
 in such advertisement, shall make any false statement in relation to any
 of such items; or if requested by the publisher of any  such  newspaper,
 magazine  or  other  publication  or  owner or operator of such radio or
 television station or any agent or representative thereof to  file  with
 such  owner,  operator,  publisher,  agent  or  representative thereof a
 statement showing whether [he] SUCH PERSON is causing such advertisement
 to appear or is offering to make such  sale  or  disposition  or  trans-
 action,  as herein set forth, as principal or agent, and if as agent, to
 set forth such information as is specified in this section, in  relation
 to  [his]  SUCH  PERSON'S  principal as well as in relation to [himself]
 SUCH PERSON, shall make any false statement in relation to any  of  such
 items; is guilty of a misdemeanor.
   3.  ANY  PERSON  ENGAGED IN THE BUSINESS OF DEALING IN ANY PROPERTY OR
 SERVICE WHO FOR ANY COMMERCIAL PURPOSE MAKES,  PUBLISHES,  DISSEMINATES,
 CIRCULATES  OR PLACES BEFORE THE PUBLIC OR CAUSES, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECT-
 LY, TO BE MADE, PUBLISHED, DISSEMINATED, CIRCULATED OR PLACED BEFORE THE
 PUBLIC ANY ADVERTISEMENT RESPECTING ANY SUCH PROPERTY OR SERVICE, IN ANY
 MEDIUM OR MEDIA IN WHICH SUCH ADVERTISEMENT APPEARS, SHALL CONSPICUOUSLY
 DISCLOSE IN SUCH ADVERTISEMENT IF  A  SYNTHETIC  PERFORMER  IS  IN  SUCH
 ADVERTISEMENT,  WHERE  SUCH  PERSON HAS ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE. A VIOLATION OF
 THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL RESULT IN A CIVIL PENALTY OF ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS
 FOR A FIRST VIOLATION, AND FIVE  THOUSAND  DOLLARS  FOR  ANY  SUBSEQUENT
 VIOLATION.
   4.  THIS  SECTION  SHALL  NOT  APPLY TO ADVERTISEMENTS AND PROMOTIONAL
 MATERIALS FOR EXPRESSIVE WORKS, INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED  TO,  MOTION
 PICTURES,  TELEVISION  PROGRAMS, STREAMING CONTENT, DOCUMENTARIES, VIDEO
 GAMES, OR OTHER SIMILAR AUDIOVISUAL WORKS,  PROVIDED  THAT  THE  USE  OF
 SYNTHETIC MEDIA IN THE ADVERTISEMENT OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIAL IS CONSIST-
 ENT WITH ITS USE IN THE EXPRESSIVE WORK.
   5.  NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL LIMIT, REDUCE, OR ENLARGE ANY RIGHTS
 ANY PERSON MAY HAVE UNDER SECTION FIFTY, FIFTY-F, OR  FIFTY-ONE  OF  THE
 CIVIL RIGHTS LAW OR UNDER ANY OTHER LAW.
 S. 1228--B                          3
 
   6. NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT, OR TO ENLARGE,
 THE  PROTECTIONS  THAT  47  U.S.C. SECTION 230 CONFERS ON AN INTERACTIVE
 COMPUTER SERVICE FOR CONTENT PROVIDED  BY  ANOTHER  INFORMATION  CONTENT
 PROVIDER, AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN 47 U.S.C. SECTION 230.
   § 2. Severability clause. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivi-
 sion,  section  or  part  of  this act shall be adjudged by any court of
 competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment  shall  not  affect,
 impair,  or  invalidate  the remainder thereof, but shall be confined in
 its operation to the clause, sentence, paragraph,  subdivision,  section
 or part thereof directly involved in the controversy in which such judg-
 ment shall have been rendered. It is hereby declared to be the intent of
 the  legislature  that  this  act  would  have been enacted even if such
 invalid provisions had not been included herein.
   § 3. This act shall take effect immediately.

2025-S1228C (ACTIVE) - Details

See Assembly Version of this Bill:: A606
Current Committee:: Senate Rules
Law Section:: General Business Law
Laws Affected:: Amd §396-b, Gen Bus L
Versions Introduced in Other Legislative Sessions:: 2021-2022: A6758
2023-2024: S6859, A216

2025-S1228C (ACTIVE) - Summary

Requires advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer; imposes a $1,000 civil penalty for a first violation and a $5,000 penalty for any subsequent violation.

2025-S1228C (ACTIVE) - Sponsor Memo

                                 
BILL NUMBER: S1228C

SPONSOR: GIANARIS
 
TITLE OF BILL:

An act to amend the general business law, in relation to requiring
advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer

 
PURPOSE:

This bill would require disclaimers when commercial content contains a
synthetic performer.

 
SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC PROVISIONS:

Section one of the bill amends section 396-b of the general business
law. Subdivision 1 provides definitions of "artificial intelligence" and
"generative artificial intelligence." It then defines a "synthetic
performer" as a digital asset that is created, reproduced, or modified
by computer, using generative artificial intelligence or a software
algorithm, that is intended to give the impression that the asset is in
an audio, audiovisual, and/or visual performance of a human performer

when it is not recognizable as any identifiable natural performer.

Subdivision 2 makes technical changes by replacing gender specific
language with gender neutral language.

Subdivision 3 requires the conspicuous disclosure of "synthetic perform-
ers" in advertisements and institutes a civil penalty of $1000 for the
first violation, and $5000 for any subsequent violation.

Subdivision 4 excludes advertisements and promotional materials for
expressive works, including but not limited to, motion pictures, tele-
vision programs, streaming content, documentaries, video games, or other
similar audiovisual works, provided that the use of synthetic media in
the advertisement or promotional material is consistent with its use in
the expressive work.

Subdivision 5 states that the "right of privacy" under § 50 of the civil
rights law, the "right of publicity" under § 50-f of the civil rights
law, the "action for injunction for damages" under § 51 of the civil
rights law, and any other law are not limited or reduced by anything in
this section of law.

Subdivision 6 states that the protections under 47 U.S.0 section 230,
dealing with interactive computer service for content provided by anoth-
er information content provider, shall not be construed to limit or be
enlarged by anything in this section.

Section two of the bill provides a severability clause.

Section three of the bill establishes the effective date.

 
JUSTIFICATION:

Synthetic performers are digitally-created media that appear as a real
person. Synthetic performers are used by advertisers to sell products,
by individuals to prank others, or by those who wish to distort reality.

With easy access to technology, there has been an increase in the use of
synthetic performers across all forms of media, including on social
media and in digital advertising. Without notice that the content one is
viewing is not real, synthetic performers and manipulated media contrib-
ute to a false news narrative and undermine one's ability to accurately
distill fact from fiction.

This legislation will require synthetic performers used for a commercial
purpose to be clearly labeled as such so that the average user will be
able to easily discern, at the point of viewing, that the image they are
looking at is not real, but a synthetic performer.  Failure to properly
label a synthetic performer will result in civil penalties up to $5,000.

 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:

2024: S6859-A (Gianaris) died in Consumer Pro / A216-C (Rosenthal L)
reported, died in rules

2023: S6859 (Gianaris) died in Consumer Pro / A216-A (Rosenthal L) died
in consumer pro

2021-22: A6758-A (Rosenthal L) died in consumer protection

 
FISCAL IMPLICATIONS:

None to the State.

 
EFFECTIVE DATE:
This act shall take effect immediately.

2025-S1228C (ACTIVE) - Bill Text download pdf

                             
                     S T A T E   O F   N E W   Y O R K
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
                                  1228--C
 
                        2025-2026 Regular Sessions
 
                             I N  S E N A T E
 
                              January 8, 2025
                                ___________
 
 Introduced  by Sen. GIANARIS -- read twice and ordered printed, and when
   printed to be committed to the Committee  on  Consumer  Protection  --
   committee  discharged,  bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and
   recommitted to said committee -- committee discharged,  bill  amended,
   ordered  reprinted  as  amended  and  recommitted to said committee --
   committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as  amended  and
   recommitted to said committee
 
 AN  ACT  to  amend  the  general  business law, in relation to requiring
   advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer
 
   THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND  ASSEM-
 BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
 
   Section  1.  Section  396-b  of  the general business law, as added by
 chapter 1031 of the laws of 1965, is amended to read as follows:
   § 396-b. Advertisements. 1. FOR THE  PURPOSES  OF  THIS  SECTION,  THE
 FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
   (A)  "ARTIFICIAL  INTELLIGENCE", "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY",
 OR "AI" MEANS A MACHINE-BASED SYSTEM  THAT  CAN,  FOR  A  GIVEN  SET  OF
 HUMAN-DEFINED  OBJECTIVES,  MAKE  PREDICTIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, OR DECI-
 SIONS INFLUENCING REAL OR VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS, AND THAT  USES  MACHINE-
 AND  HUMAN-BASED  INPUTS  TO  PERCEIVE  REAL  AND  VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS,
 ABSTRACT SUCH PERCEPTIONS INTO MODELS THROUGH ANALYSIS IN  AN  AUTOMATED
 MANNER,  AND USE MODEL INFERENCE TO FORMULATE OPTIONS FOR INFORMATION OR
 ACTION.
   (B) "GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" MEANS A CLASS  OF  ARTIFICIAL
 INTELLIGENCE  MODELS  THAT ARE SELF-SUPERVISED AND EMULATE THE STRUCTURE
 AND CHARACTERISTICS OF INPUT DATA TO GENERATE DERIVED SYNTHETIC CONTENT,
 INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMAGES, VIDEOS, AUDIO,  TEXT,  AND  OTHER
 DIGITAL CONTENT.
   (C)  "SYNTHETIC  PERFORMER"  MEANS  A DIGITALLY CREATED ASSET CREATED,
 REPRODUCED, OR MODIFIED BY COMPUTER, USING GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL  INTEL-
 LIGENCE  OR  A  SOFTWARE  ALGORITHM,  THAT  IS  INTENDED  TO  CREATE THE
 
  EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                       [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                            LBD00785-10-5

 S. 1228--C                          2
 
 IMPRESSION THAT THE ASSET IS ENGAGING IN AN AUDIO,  AUDIOVISUAL,  AND/OR
 VISUAL  PERFORMANCE  OF A HUMAN PERFORMER WHO IS NOT RECOGNIZABLE AS ANY
 IDENTIFIABLE NATURAL PERFORMER.
   2.  Any person, firm, corporation or association, or agent or employee
 thereof, hereinafter called person, who, being engaged in  the  business
 of  dealing  in any property, makes, publishes, disseminates, circulates
 or places before the public or causes, directly  or  indirectly,  to  be
 made,  published,  disseminated, circulated or placed before the public,
 in this state, any advertisement respecting any such  property,  in  any
 newspaper,  magazine, or other publication, or over any radio station or
 television station, unless it is stated in any such  advertisement  that
 the  advertiser  is a dealer in such property or from the context of any
 such advertisement, it plainly appears that such person is a  dealer  in
 such  property  so  offered  for sale in any such advertisement; or when
 placing or causing any such advertisement to appear  in  any  newspaper,
 magazine  or  other  publication  or  radio  or  television  station  as
 described in this section, if requested by the  publisher  of  any  such
 newspaper,  magazine  or  other publication or owner or operator of such
 radio or television station or any agent or  representative  thereof  to
 file  with  such  owner  or operator, publisher, agent or representative
 thereof [his] SUCH PERSON'S true name, or  where  [he]  SUCH  PERSON  is
 transacting  business  under a name other than the true name pursuant to
 law, then the name under which such business  is  transacted,  and  each
 business  address  wherein  any  business  is  transacted  by [him] SUCH
 PERSON, in the class of property advertised or to be advertised for sale
 in such advertisement, shall make any false statement in relation to any
 of such items; or if requested by the publisher of any  such  newspaper,
 magazine  or  other  publication  or  owner or operator of such radio or
 television station or any agent or representative thereof to  file  with
 such  owner,  operator,  publisher,  agent  or  representative thereof a
 statement showing whether [he] SUCH PERSON is causing such advertisement
 to appear or is offering to make such  sale  or  disposition  or  trans-
 action,  as herein set forth, as principal or agent, and if as agent, to
 set forth such information as is specified in this section, in  relation
 to  [his]  SUCH  PERSON'S  principal as well as in relation to [himself]
 SUCH PERSON, shall make any false statement in relation to any  of  such
 items; is guilty of a misdemeanor.
   3.  ANY  PERSON  ENGAGED IN THE BUSINESS OF DEALING IN ANY PROPERTY OR
 SERVICE WHO FOR ANY COMMERCIAL PURPOSE MAKES,  PUBLISHES,  DISSEMINATES,
 CIRCULATES  OR PLACES BEFORE THE PUBLIC OR CAUSES, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECT-
 LY, TO BE MADE, PUBLISHED, DISSEMINATED, CIRCULATED OR PLACED BEFORE THE
 PUBLIC ANY ADVERTISEMENT RESPECTING ANY SUCH PROPERTY OR SERVICE, IN ANY
 MEDIUM OR MEDIA IN WHICH SUCH ADVERTISEMENT APPEARS, SHALL CONSPICUOUSLY
 DISCLOSE IN SUCH ADVERTISEMENT IF  A  SYNTHETIC  PERFORMER  IS  IN  SUCH
 ADVERTISEMENT,  WHERE  SUCH  PERSON HAS ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE. A VIOLATION OF
 THIS SUBDIVISION SHALL RESULT IN A CIVIL PENALTY OF ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS
 FOR A FIRST VIOLATION, AND FIVE  THOUSAND  DOLLARS  FOR  ANY  SUBSEQUENT
 VIOLATION.
   4.  THIS  SECTION  SHALL  NOT  APPLY TO ADVERTISEMENTS AND PROMOTIONAL
 MATERIALS FOR EXPRESSIVE WORKS, INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED  TO,  MOTION
 PICTURES,  TELEVISION  PROGRAMS, STREAMING CONTENT, DOCUMENTARIES, VIDEO
 GAMES, OR OTHER SIMILAR AUDIOVISUAL WORKS, PROVIDED THAT THE  USE  OF  A
 SYNTHETIC  PERFORMER  IN  THE  ADVERTISEMENT  OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIAL IS
 CONSISTENT WITH ITS USE IN THE EXPRESSIVE WORK.
 S. 1228--C                          3
 
   5. NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL LIMIT, REDUCE, OR ENLARGE ANY  RIGHTS
 ANY  PERSON  MAY  HAVE UNDER SECTION FIFTY, FIFTY-F, OR FIFTY-ONE OF THE
 CIVIL RIGHTS LAW OR UNDER ANY OTHER LAW.
   6. NOTHING IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO LIMIT, OR TO ENLARGE,
 THE  PROTECTIONS  THAT  47  U.S.C. SECTION 230 CONFERS ON AN INTERACTIVE
 COMPUTER SERVICE FOR CONTENT PROVIDED  BY  ANOTHER  INFORMATION  CONTENT
 PROVIDER, AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN 47 U.S.C. SECTION 230.
   § 2. Severability clause. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivi-
 sion,  section  or  part  of  this act shall be adjudged by any court of
 competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment  shall  not  affect,
 impair,  or  invalidate  the remainder thereof, but shall be confined in
 its operation to the clause, sentence, paragraph,  subdivision,  section
 or part thereof directly involved in the controversy in which such judg-
 ment shall have been rendered. It is hereby declared to be the intent of
 the  legislature  that  this  act  would  have been enacted even if such
 invalid provisions had not been included herein.
   § 3. This act shall take effect immediately.

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Senate Bill S1228A

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Michael Gianaris

Current Bill Status - In Senate Committee Rules Committee

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