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            ARTICLE 1
        
                    
                Short Title; Applicability and Definitions
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 2
        
                    
                Limitations of Time
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 3
        
                    
                Jurisdiction and Service, Appearance and Choice of Court
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 4
        
                    
                Special Proceedings
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 5
        
                    
                Venue
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 6
        
                    
                Joinder of Claims, Consolidation and Severance
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 9
        
                    
                Class Actions
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 10
        
                    
                Parties Generally
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 11
        
                    
                Waiver of Costs, Fees, and Expenses
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 12
        
                    
                Infants, Incompetents and Conservatees
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 13
        
                    
                Actions By the State
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 13-A
        
                    
                Proceeds of a Crime-forfeiture
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 13-B
        
                    
                Civil Remedies; Enterprise Corruption
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 14
        
                    
                Contribution
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 14-A
        
                    
                Damage Actions: Effect of Contributory Negligence and Assumption of Risk
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 15
        
                    
                Actions Against Persons Jointly Liable
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 16
        
                    
                Limited Liability of Persons Jointly Liable
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 20
        
                    
                Mistakes, Defects, Irregularities and Extensions of Time
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 21
        
                    
                Papers
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 21-A
        
                    
                Filing of Papers In the Courts By Facsimile Transmission and By Electronic Means
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 22
        
                    
                Stay, Motions, Orders and Mandates
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 23
        
                    
                Subpoenas, Oaths and Affirmations
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 24
        
                    
                Publication
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 25
        
                    
                Undertakings
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 26
        
                    
                Property Paid Into Court
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 27
        
                    
                Disposition of Property In Litigation
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 30
        
                    
                Remedies and Pleading
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 31
        
                    
                Disclosure
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 32
        
                    
                Accelerated Judgment
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 34
        
                    
                Calendar Practice; Trial Preferences
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 40
        
                    
                Trial Generally
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 41
        
                    
                Trial By a Jury
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 42
        
                    
                Trial By the Court
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 43
        
                    
                Trial By a Referee
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 44
        
                    
                Trial Motions
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 45
        
                    
                Evidence
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 50
        
                    
                Judgments Generally
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 50-A
        
                    
                Periodic Payment of Judgments In Medical and Dental Malpractice Actions
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 50-B
        
                    
                Periodic Payment of Judgments In Personal Injury, Injury to Property and Wrongful Death Actions
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 51
        
                    
                Enforcement of Judgments and Orders Generally
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 52
        
                    
                Enforcement of Money Judgments
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 53
        
                    
                Recognition of Foreign Country Money Judgments
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 54
        
                    
                Enforcement of Judgments Entitled to Full Faith and Credit Summary of Article
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 55
        
                    
                Appeals Generally
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 56
        
                    
                Appeals to the Court of Appeals
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 57
        
                    
                Appeals to the Appellate Division
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 60
        
                    
                Provisional Remedies Generally
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 62
        
                    
                Attachment
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 63
        
                    
                Injunction
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 63-A
        
                    
                Extreme Risk Protection Orders
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 64
        
                    
                Receivership
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 65
        
                    
                Notice of Pendency
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 70
        
                    
                Habeas Corpus
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 71
        
                    
                Recovery of Chattel
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 72
        
                    
                Recovery of Penalty or Forfeiture
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 75
        
                    
                Arbitration
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 75-A
        
                    
                Health Care Arbitration
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 76
        
                    
                Proceeding to Enforce Agreement For Determination of Issue
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 77
        
                    
                Proceeding Relating to Express Trust
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 78
        
                    
                Proceeding Against Body or Officer
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 80
        
                    
                Fees
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 81
        
                    
                Costs Generally
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 82
        
                    
                Amount of Costs
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 83
        
                    
                Disbursements and Additional Allowances
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 84
        
                    
                Taxation of Costs
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 85
        
                    
                Security For Costs
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 86
        
                    
                Counsel Fees and Expenses In Certain Actions Against the State
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 90
        
                    
                Failure or Adjournment of Term of Court
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 94
        
                    
                Admission to Practice
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 97
        
                    
                Records of Clerks of the Courts
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 98
        
                    
                Actions Against Villages
            
                            
             
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            ARTICLE 100
        
                    
                Repeal; Saving Clauses; Effective Date
            
                            
             
                  
                                           CHAPTER 308
AN ACT in relation to civil practice and prescribing rules of civil
procedure governing generally the civil procedure in the courts of the
state of New York and before the judges thereof, constituting chapter
eight of the consolidated laws
Became a law April 4, 1962, with the approval of the Governor. Passed,
             by a majority vote,three-fifths being present
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and
Assembly, do enact as follows:
                    CIVIL PRACTICE LAW AND RULES
               CHAPTER EIGHT OF THE CONSOLIDATED LAWS
Article   1.   Short title, applicability and definitions. (101-107.)
        2.   Limitations of time. (201-218.)
        3.   Jurisdiction and service, appearance and choice of court.
               (301-318, 320-322, 325-328.)
        4.   Special proceedings. (401-411.)
        5.   Venue. (501-515.)
        6.   Joinder of claims, consolidation and severance.
               (601-604.)
        9.   Class actions. (901-909.)
       10.   Parties generally. (1001-1004, 1006-1026.)
       11.   Poor persons. (1101-1103.)
       12.   Infants, incompetents and conservatees. (1201-1211.)
       13.   Actions by the state. (1301-1303.)
       13-A. Proceeds of crime-forfeiture (1310-1352.)
       13-B. Civil remedies; enterprise corruption. (1353-1355.)
       14.   Contribution. (1401-1404.)
       14-A. Damage actions: effect of contributory negligence and
               assumption of risk. (1411-1413.)
       15.   Actions against persons jointly liable. (1501-1502.)
       16.   Limited liability of persons jointly liable. (1600-1603.)
       20.   Mistakes, defects, irregularities and extensions of time.
               (2001-2005.)
       21.   Papers. (2101-2106.)
       21-A. Filing of papers in the courts by facsimile transmission
               and by electronic means. (2110-2112)
       22.   Stay, motions, orders and mandates.
               (2201, 2211-2215, 2217-2223.)
       23.   Subpoenas, oaths and affirmations. (2301-2309.)
       24.   Publication. (2401-2402.)
       25.   Undertakings. (2501-2513.)
       26.   Property paid into court. (2601-2609.)
       27.   Disposition of property in litigation. (2701-2703.)
       30.   Remedies and pleading.
               (3001-3005, 3011-3026, 3031-3037, 3041-3045.)
       31.   Disclosure. (3101-3118, 3120-3126, 3130-3133, 3140.)
       32.   Accelerated judgment. (3201, 3211-3222.)
       34.   Calendar practice; trial preferences. (3401-3408.)
       40.   Trial generally. (4001, 4011-4019.)
       41.   Trial by a jury. (4101-4113.)
       42.   Trial by the court. (4201, 4211-4213.)
       43.   Trial by a referee. (4301, 4311-4321.)
       44.   Trial motions. (4401-4406.)
       45.   Evidence. (4501-4534, 4536-4551.)
       50.   Judgments generally. (5001-5004, 5011-5021.)
       50-A. Periodic payment of judgments in medical and dental
               malpractice actions. (5031-5034, 5036-5039.)
       50-B. Periodic payment of judgments in personal injury, injury
               to property and wrongful death actions. (5041-5049.)
       51.   Enforcement of judgments and orders generally.
               (5101-5107.)
       52.   Enforcement of money judgments.
               (5201-5211, 5221-5242, 5250-5252.)
       53.   Recognition of foreign country money judgments.
               (5300-5308.)
       54.   Enforcement of judgments entitled to full faith and
               credit summary of article. (5401-5408.)
       55.   Appeals generally. (5501, 5511-5532.)
       56.   Appeals to the court of appeals. (5601-5602, 5611-5615.)
       57.   Appeals to the appellate division.
               (5701-5704, 5711-5713.)
       60.   Provisional remedies generally. (6001.)
       62.   Attachment. (6201-6204, 6210-6226.)
       63.   Injunction. (6301, 6311-6315, 6330.)
       63-A. Extreme risk protection orders. (6340-6348.)
       64.   Receivership. (6401-6405.)
       65.   Notice of pendency. (6501, 6511-6516.)
       70.   Habeas corpus. (7001-7012.)
       71.   Recovery of chattel. (7101-7112.)
       72.   Recovery of penalty or forfeiture. (7201-7205.)
       75.   Arbitration. (7501-7516.)
       75-A. Health care arbitration. (7550-7565.)
       76.   Proceeding to enforce agreement for determination of
               issue. (7601.)
       77.   Proceeding relating to express trust. (7701-7706.)
       78.   Proceeding against body or officer. (7801-7806.)
       80.   Fees. (8001-8022.)
       81.   Costs generally. (8101-8110.)
       82.   Amount of costs. (8201-8204.)
       83.   Disbursements and additional allowances. (8301--8303-a.)
       84.   Taxation of costs. (8401-8404.)
       85.   Security for costs. (8501-8503.)
       86.   Counsel fees and expenses in certain actions against the
               state.  (8600-8605.)
       90.   Failure or adjournment of term of court. (9001-9003.)
       94.   Admission to practice. (9401-9407.)
       97.   Records of clerks of the courts. (9701-9703.)
       98.   Actions against villages. (9801-9804.)
      100.   Repeal; saving clauses; effective date. (10001-10005.)